Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Persuasion (rhétorique) – Aspect politique'
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Godber, Amelia. "Towards an epistemology of propaganda." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0028.
Most of us have a notional understanding of what propaganda is, but it is a contested concept. There is no consensus on its extension — the set of things to which the term applies — so it has a demarcation problem: what is propaganda and what is not? This project attempts to answer the question by focusing on propaganda’s role in generating beliefs about politics. I put forward an epistemological interpretation of propaganda that clarifies the concept as one that is central to public discourse, and which turns on a combination of persuasive means that insufficiently engage respondents’ deliberative capacities. I articulate a typology of rhetorical strategies that includes non-rational, irrational and rational manipulative persuasion, and suggest that propaganda involves a combination of non-rational and either irrational or rational manipulative persuasive means. As these means subvert rational processes, I claim that the phenomenon is best understood as an illegitimate practice and that given its essentially deceptive nature, it necessarily runs counter to respondents’ epistemic interests. The concept aims to describe a set of familiar political tactics that agree with existing usage of the term, and explain what makes them effective. It has practical and theoretical applications that contribute to advancing current thinking about propaganda and related phenomena. In terms of the former, the concept can be operationalised as a tool that detects propaganda in public discourse at scale and in real time by harnessing large language model artificial intelligence technology. In terms of the latter, from the project’s theoretical framework emerges a taxonomy of various contributions to public discourse: it helps circumscribe a concept of propaganda’s legitimate counterpart, the type of political persuasion that is the bedrock of a healthy democracy, and it helps come to grips with adjacent concepts of fake news and conspiracy theories, which I suggest are varieties of propaganda. With a clear understanding of how these tactics work and the nature of the threat they pose, we are better equipped to disarm and defy them
Nicolas, Loïc. "La rhétorique et sa critique: à la rencontre du discours et de la liberté." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209942.
Je m’efforce tout d’abord de montrer que, dès l’origine, la rhétorique a représenté une compétence nouvelle, mais aussi une occasion unique de dire, d’habiter et de séculariser le monde. Ma démarche consiste donc à réfléchir l’émergence de la rhétorique dans la Grèce ancienne. À ce titre, j’analyse la fonction politique, sociale, symbolique, attribuée à la parole dans cette Cité démocratique dont elle a accompagné l’invention. Parole qui s’est vue accorder une place inégalée :comme support et comme condition de l’action citoyenne. Pourtant, force est de constater que, malgré ce succès, la rhétorique a très vite été dénoncée comme un art de tromper, de mentir, de dissimuler ses lacunes. Des générations de philosophes, d’hommes d’Église ou de scientifiques se sont attachés à démonter son fonctionnement, sa dynamique, à décrier son enseignement et, finalement, à souhaiter son évincement. C’est pourquoi, je m’intéresse aux critiques qui ont été adressées à la parole rhétorique depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Par là, j’entends donner une vision nouvelle de cette antique « fonction » du langage, par-delà la synthèse de ses caricatures.
En outre, mon propos s’attache à mettre en lumière les lieux communs sur lesquels se fonde notre relation au discours. Dans une optique qui va d’Aristote à Perelman, je défends l’idée selon laquelle la rhétorique ne constitue pas (comme on pourrait le penser) une méthode pour apprendre à vivre ensemble dans la paix des mots, mais, avant tout, une façon de pratiquer la critique avec et contre l’autre :l’adversaire. Et ceci afin de prendre des décisions dans le monde contingent des affaires humaines. Or, c’est justement au titre de sa fonction agonistique que la rhétorique a perdu sa place et son sens dans nos démocraties. Face à cela, l’enjeu de mon travail est de mettre en évidence, après Perelman, l’existence d’une raison tout à la fois une et plurielle. En effet, la multiplicité des voies possibles, leur antagonisme, n’est pas le signe d’une raison anarchique et inconséquente, le signe d’une raison hantée par la déraison. Il s’agit, au contraire, d’une chance offerte à la raison de se mettre à l’épreuve et de risquer la liberté. Du reste, perdre cette dimension agonistique, la dénoncer, la condamner comme irrationnelle, ainsi que le font les théories normatives de l’argumentation, revient à manifester la coupure entre le langage et les ressources critiques de la rhétoriques qui permettent de faire de nos prises de parole un moyen et une ressource de l’émancipation.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Duteil-Mougel, Carine. "Persuasion et textualité : propositions pour l'analyse sémantique et rhétorique de textes persuasifs." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20059.
The aim of this thesis is to establish a number of concept needed for the analysis of persuasive texts. The issue of persuasion is placed within the theorical and epistemological framework of Interpretative Semantics. Semantics and Rhetoric are closely associated, since we seek to articulate questions of meaning Interpretative Semantics) with those of persuasion (Rhetoric). We consider that it is possible to recast the different aspects of Rhetoric within a semantic conception of textual products. We attempt to integrate the concepts issuing from Rhetoric into Interpretative Semantics, by adapting them to and articulating them with the concepts associated with text semantics. The study deals with advertising and political texts. Through close analysis of these texts, the relevant persuasive strategies and procedures are pinpointed
Mouhsine, Elhassan. "Traitement sémio-rhétorique de la communication persuasive : une grammaire du discours politique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080048.
The present thesis aims at the analysis of the content and the techniques that are deployed in the persuasive process. It proposes to shed light on the substance of the content by showing how it is treated to convince or persuade. The discourse of influence elaborates most of the social organization and seems intrinsic to the majority of discourses insofar as people are more likely to insure than to demonstrate. Strongly asserting that persuasion is a phenomenon that lies solely in the sphere of rhetoric may be seen as a reductive analysis. However, the complexity and diversity of the persuasive phenomenon perfectly illustrate man's manifest use of the language. The identification of content in social exchanges can constitute the execution of an action and therefore justifies the study of the pragmatic dimension of language. Such use of language confers on persuasion a character so obscure that it shows itself as an elusive and confusing factor that lends itself little to semiotic modeling. This leads us to suppose that, under a certain complexity which arises in particular from the multiplicity of approaches to the persuasive phenomenon, separating them from each other, there is a structural adjustment model which is particularly in the field of semiotic. The elaboration of such a model for the supervision of intellectual operations, implied by all construction of argumentation, forces us to detect the constants that preside over its structural stratification in detail and to reveal the aspects that it conceals through the proposals that make it legitimate
Mouhsine, Elhassan. "Traitement sémio-rhétorique de la communication persuasive : une grammaire du discours politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080048.
The present thesis aims at the analysis of the content and the techniques that are deployed in the persuasive process. It proposes to shed light on the substance of the content by showing how it is treated to convince or persuade. The discourse of influence elaborates most of the social organization and seems intrinsic to the majority of discourses insofar as people are more likely to insure than to demonstrate. Strongly asserting that persuasion is a phenomenon that lies solely in the sphere of rhetoric may be seen as a reductive analysis. However, the complexity and diversity of the persuasive phenomenon perfectly illustrate man's manifest use of the language. The identification of content in social exchanges can constitute the execution of an action and therefore justifies the study of the pragmatic dimension of language. Such use of language confers on persuasion a character so obscure that it shows itself as an elusive and confusing factor that lends itself little to semiotic modeling. This leads us to suppose that, under a certain complexity which arises in particular from the multiplicity of approaches to the persuasive phenomenon, separating them from each other, there is a structural adjustment model which is particularly in the field of semiotic. The elaboration of such a model for the supervision of intellectual operations, implied by all construction of argumentation, forces us to detect the constants that preside over its structural stratification in detail and to reveal the aspects that it conceals through the proposals that make it legitimate
Rosembaum, Alexis. "Concrétisation rhétorique de processus d'influence." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081006.
This dissertatioin is about techniques in verbal persuasion. The theoretical part presents the most useful theories for research on persuasion theory of argumentation, general pragmatics, social psychology and psycholinguistics. Three experiments are then designed to test the persuasive strength of several rhetorical arrangements on attitudes. The first expeiment aims at showing that an apparently scientific presentation can devalue the ethical character of a behaviour. The second experiment tries to defines a method to put aside the counterarguments in a discourse. This method, called hierarchisation, is tested in two different cases : 1- a ternary hierarchy of arguments (pro-contra-pro) turns out to stengthen the persuasive impact of a bilateral communication, but 2- a binary hierarchy (contra-pro) may sometimes be sufficient to reach this result. The third experiment tackles the problem of implicitness in incomplete syllogisms. It is shown that, as far as a fairly neutral content is concerned, the "implicitation" of a proposition can enhance the rhetorical stength by letting the receptor think that this proposition is obvious. This technique, widely spread in daily interlocutions, can be countered by a simple explicitation. Finally, the possibility of setting up a modern experimental rhetoric, based on serious psychological models, is discussed
Abudayeh, Haneen. "Traduire l'émotion dans le discours politique." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1593.
From a corpus that is of a particular interest for translation studies, the book Hussein de Jordanie: Ma “Guerre” avec Israël and its Arabic and English translations published in the 60s, this research explores the problem of political discourse translation in its cultural and emotional dimension. Based on the theoretical paradigm that takes into account the sociological dimension of translation which undermines the myth of a neutral translation and an invisible translator, this work aims at studying the translator’s marks. The analysis of the translator’s marks which can reveal either a conscious manipulation that seeks to produce a persuasive effect or a more or less unconscious interpretation permeated by the translator’s emotions, can show the changes that pathemic expressions may endure and the consequences resulting there from. Through a comparative study of three versions of the mentioned book and an experiment that opposes two Arabic translations separated by a period of 40 years, we will look for the marks left by translators when they have reports of familiarity or, on the contrary, strangeness with the Author
Sirette, Claude. "Interaction, interlocution, argumentation et production du sens dans un aspect du discours politique, l'interview radiophonique." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H035.
Gotteland, Sophie. "Mythe et rhétorique : les exemples mythologiques dans les discours politiques de l'Athènes classique." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100039.
This thesis studies the use of mythological examples in the political speeches of classical Athens, that is in each political speech given in the fifth or fourth centuries B. C. And introducing at least one Athenian. First of all, the study of rhetorical treatises allows defining the figure of the example as well as the rules fixing its use. Most of the time, the mythical example is dealt with as a special instance of the historical example, and only differs from it by the way it is transmitted : from its sources, it keeps a privileged link with poetry, as it is evinced by the major influence exerted by Homer and Pindar upon orators. Then this essay examines which type of knowledge is defined as mythical by orators in the period above mentioned. The study of the term muthos and of all the words in the same family soon proves inadequate. According to orators, a mythical account is first of all a narrative about old days such as it has been transmitted by oral tradition, which becomes in pressing need of being rehabilitated. A study of the relations between myth and history corroborates this analysis: no true discrimination between these two ages, and a similar criterion for the manner of using them. This study ends with an accurate analysis of mythical examples. Used in all the fields of political life, they take part in the building up of an exemplary Athens as well as in solving the more urgent matter of fact problems in the politics of everyday life
Georgieva, Elena. "Le chemin de la vérité: la persuasion de la puissance divine dans le Contre Celse d'Origène." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210997.
de la thèse « Le chemin de la vérité :la persuasion de la puissance divine dans le Contre Celse d’Origène
Les traités du Contre Celse permettent d’aborder la problématique de la persuasion de l’enseignement chrétien en ce qu'ils témoignent de l’affrontement virulent de deux visions du monde, - celle du monde gréco-romain et celle de l’enseignement chrétien. En effet, l’essor du mouvement chrétien devrait beaucoup à la lumière de cette rhétorique, oserons-nous dire cette propagande, qui propose une vision du monde nouvelle en s’appuyant sur une théologie qui s’escrime à dépasser la culture gréco-romaine en l’intégrant dans sa propre vision du monde. En ce, l’École d’Alexandrie en général et Origène en particulier seraient les fondateurs d’une nouvelle lecture théologique tant du point de vue polythéiste que de celui du christianisme.
Du point de vue méthodologique, je me suis attelée à ce travail en constatant une insuffisance, pour ne pas dire un manque, d’études consacrées à la pratique rhétorique chez Origène. L’idée d’une rhétorique entendue comme un genre secondaire moins « noble », entre guillemets, que le théologique est sans doute la cause de cette lacune scientifique ;or, force est de constater que les Apologistes ayant précédé le penseurs alexandrin et lui-même sont souvent formés à la rhétorique ce qui ne va pas sans incidence directe sur leurs œuvres attendu que formation et méthodes font souvent un avec l’élaboration de savoirs.
L’objet immédiat du travail était de décrire et d’analyser par une lecture centrée sur la rhétorique apologétique les lieux communs et les arguments que celle-ci fournit, et qui affectent la structure de la pensée d’Origène. Pour mieux comprendre le processus de persuasion mis en œuvre par le théologien, j’ai pensé que les topoï qu’il emprunte au savoir classique étaient des éléments tangibles qu’il convenait de prendre au sérieux plutôt que de la ranger au placard des vieilleries scolaires. Somme, mon soupçon, ma seconde approche du corpus, était qu’au travers du plus banal de son œuvre, - son infrastructure scolaire-, je toucherai son originalité. Il restait à prouver si ce paradoxe pouvait s’avérer fécond en analysant le discours d’Origène et en m’efforçant de réévaluer, réinterpréter et intégrer dans les recherches portant sur son œuvre la question négligée de sa pratique rhétorique. Somme toute, j’ai tenté de mieux comprendre comment l’homme de l’Antiquité posait la question du sens.
Le plan d’ensemble de ma thèse comprend deux parties. Dans la première partie, j’ai dégagé les grandes lignes de l’approche rhétorique d’Origène en prenant pour fil conducteur la question de la véracité de la révélation qui s’impose comme le thème dominant de son entreprise. Ceci m’a conduit à l’examen de l’idée d’autonomie, que celle-ci agisse sur la pensée comme force centripète ou centrifuge, permettant tantôt de se démarquer en minimisant, voire en gommant les différences, tantôt de les exalter en les proclamant. Dans la deuxième partie, j’ai essayé de démontrer les éléments historiques et philosophiques à partir desquels le modèle de la pensée chrétienne a été configuré. J’ai ainsi dégagé l’idée que le récit évangélique a été élaboré tout à la fois par rapport aux modèles de l’histoire « sainte » biblique et les modèles généalogiques de la tradition gréco-romaine.
En premier lieu, j’ai démontré que la démarche apologétique d’Origène consistait à faire se côtoyer la puissance persuasive de la parole transcendante et celle de la parole rhétorique humaine. Or « faire se côtoyer » la puissance persuasive de la parole transcendante et celle de la parole rhétorique ne signifie pas pour autant les mettre sur le même pied. On peut donc affirmer la conjonction de la « rhétorique » ineffable de la puissance divine et de la « bonne rhétorique » dans la méthode apologétique d’Origène.
L’apologétique chrétienne, s’engageant dans une relation de pouvoir par rapport aux « autres » concurrentiels, est amenée à construire la conception de la vérité chrétienne unique et la plus ancienne par opposition à la diversité des doctrines philosophiques et religieuses de la tradition gréco-romaine, et en continuité avec la doctrine hébraïque perçue comme dépassée. En effet, la vérité chrétienne est identifiée à l’origine, à la pureté et à l’essence. De là les deux arguments apologétiques les plus puissants :démontrer l’unité et l’ancienneté de la doctrine chrétienne et donc construire une généalogie à partir d’une seule source originelle, Dieu. En postulant une « vérité absolue » qu’on identifie avec Jésus Christ, le Logos, l’apologiste interprète les enseignements de ses adversaires comme une déviation de cette vérité ou comme une vérité dépassée. Le double chemin vers l’origine est donc symboliquement barré. Par ailleurs, l’apologiste élabore une forme d’échelle de vérité où les rivaux de l’enseignement chrétien ne sont que des moyens rhétoriques pour démontrer la supériorité chrétienne.
L’élaboration de la conception de la vérité absolue chrétienne va de pair avec la constitution discursive de l’« autre ». En tenant compte de la relation discursive intersubjective, je parle d’une constitution discursive de l’« autre ». C’est précisément la finalité apologétique du Contre Celse qui nous permet d’affirmer le caractère construit de la notion de l’« autre » en tant que construction rhétorique. L’« autre », qu’il soit juif ou païen ou gnostique, est constitué à partir du projet chrétien. Mieux, il reçoit sa définition uniquement en fonction de sa différence avec le christianisme. Deux stratégies apologétiques s’imposent ainsi :d’une part minimiser, voire gommer, les différences internes au mouvement chrétien et grossir les différences avec l’« autre » et, d’autre part, grossir les différences en minimisant les ressemblances, en les décrivant comme une imitation ou un vol (le thème du larcin).
En second lieu, on peut affirmer que le mythe informe le « récit évangélique » dans la mesure où l’histoire individuelle de Jésus et le mythe du Christ se retrouvent fusionnés d’une manière inextricable dans la narration christologique. Le mythe apparaît ainsi comme une construction symbolique fondée sur les symboles et formes déjà existants ;mais, qui plus est, étant un récit, il reforme et transforme ces symboles dans une nouvelle structure propre à lui. Lorsque je parle du mythe chrétien, j’entends un système dynamique de schèmes qui, sous l’impulsion du schème général mythique de kat‹basiw-Žn‹basiw, tend à se configurer en récit évangélique. Ainsi, le mythe peut traduire l’accumulation d’« essaims » ou de « constellations » de schèmes. C’est en ce sens qu’on parle du message chrétien comme étant exprimé en un langage mythique. J’ai adopté le terme générique de « schème » dans le sens d’un modèle, une « engramme ».
L’ingéniosité chrétienne consiste à constituer le schéma mythique de kat‹basiw-Žn‹basiw, sur lequel repose le « mythe fondateur » chrétien. Il est fondé sur la conception d’une histoire sainte articulant expression mythique et expression historique au sein d’un schéma temporel finalisé. J’ai relevé trois modèles principaux de l’histoire sous-tendant les divers types de récits bibliques :l’histoire « blanche », l’histoire-fait, l’histoire-événement. L’histoire « blanche » présente les deux réalités, le « Même » et l’ « Autre », existant chacune pour soi et sans aucun contact entre elles. En revanche, l’histoire-fait présente leur communication en dehors du temps. Enfin, l’histoire-événement présente le passage de Celui qui agit d’un principe à l’autre dans un système où le temps se déroule. On peut retrouver ces modèles de l’histoire concrétisés dans un certain nombre de récits bibliques :le récit de la création, le récit de la séduction ou le récit du péché, le récit de l’alliance ou le récit de la médiation divine.
Enfin, j’ai étudié l’élaboration du « récit évangélique » par rapport à un certain nombre de récits qui se transposent et s’entrecroisent entre eux, à savoir le « récit de l’alliance », le « récit messianique » et le « récit généalogique ». La configuration du récit évangélique repose sur le jeu dynamique entre les récits identifiables déjà sédimentés dans des traditions différentes et le récit innovateur d’une déviance réglée. Le « récit évangélique » consiste en la combinaison unique de l’histoire et du mythe, qui se donne comme un récit fondateur mytho-historique. La prédication de Jésus met en place une historicisation du mythe. En même temps, avec les évangiles, on assiste à un processus de mythisation de Jésus qui aboutit à sa divinisation. L’élaboration du « récit évangélique » tire son intelligibilité de l’ensemble des opérations par lesquelles une herméneutique actualisante s’est transposée sur les récits et modèles anciens et les prophéties hébraïques. On peut affirmer que le « récit évangélique » a été configuré à la jonction des représentations bibliques et grecques.
L’originalité du christianisme consiste en la perspective universelle que le « récit évangélique » revêt. Ainsi, le devenir est divisé en trois temps qui sont reliés entre eux de manière structurée à travers l’intermédiaire divin de Jésus Christ qui assure les renvois théologiques et contrôle ainsi le monde de tout les temps.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire des religions
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Bajoni, Maria Grazia. "La diplomatie romaine au Bas-Empire : étude institutionnelle lexicale et rhétorique." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0057.
This study presents the analysis of diplomatic speech during the Late Antiquity period (4th-6th A. D. ) both in the Western and Eastern areas of the Roman Empire. Part I considers the events that emphasized the developement of diplomacy, the new adressees of the Roman diplomacy and changing balance of power to wich the Roman discourse had to adapt. Part II of this research seeks to analyse the historical narrative techniques and the production of diplomatic correspondence. Part III presents an analysis of the langage and rhetorical strategies in diplomatic speech. The diplomatic language is caracterised by the use of current lexicon and by the terms of political institutions adjusted to new political situations. The methods of modern linguistics allow a more in-depth study of discursive practice to be developed. Above all, the distinction proposed by Émile Benveniste between "story" and "speech" presents an excellent opportunity to widen the analysis of discursive strategies of late antique diplomacy. The pragmatical attitude of diplomatic speech est expressed by the modal formation of utterances, functions of langage and speech acts. The annexed corpus of textes gives evidence taken from historiographical and hagiographical sources, chronicles and epistolary documents
Codou, Olivier. "De l'idéologie à le perception sociale, une application du modèle de Doise : le cas du libéralisme." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE2023.
The aim of this research is three-fold. First we investigate, in a sery of 6 experimental studies, questions raised by Beauvois in 1976 regarding the relations between occidental people and the liberal ideology or cultural corpus. After having identified some dimensions of the liberal cultural corpus (i. E. , individual freedom, autonomy, hedonism and inter-individual difference), we target everydaylife objects (i. E. , adds and coaching flyers) particularly linked to liberal values. By focusing on the link between ideology and social perception, we show, using a priming paradigm causal relations between the liberal cultural corpus and some dimensions of individualism (i. E. , internality, autonomy and individual inscription). We also identify effects of this cultural corpus on the orientation toward competition. On a cognitive side, we show how the liberal ideology can influence processes such as group homogeneisation and in turn modify judgements. Then, our social perception can become globally modelled by an ideology. Second, at an epistemologic level, we emphasize how the opposition between the cognitive and social views reflects an accepted way of viewing that incites us to reason in a binary and exclusive way. Turning from this common sense and invoking the doise's (1982) model, we show, from methodologic (numeric/verbal; qualitative/quantitative) and theoretical points of views (cultural/idéological; social/cognitive), that integrative or plural approaches can open new scientific fields. Finally, this work has permitted to enrich the priming paradigm. By using complex and ecological primes involving liberal values, we support Bargh (2006) wishes on the evolution of this paradigm. The inter-relations between these three levels permits to investigate in an original manner a theoretical field up to now not or seldomly studied experimentally
Ruel, Jacinthe. "Clio dans l'arène publique : usages du passé et références à l'histoire dans les mémoires déposés devant la Commission sur l'avenir politique et constitutionnel du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17658.
Noujaim, Marianne. "Du dialogisme à l'esthétique polyphonique dans le théâtre de Michel Vinaver : approches rhétorique, linguistique et poétique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030187.
The study examines how the linguistic forms of dialogism and polyphony observed in Vinaver’s plays, on a microstructural level, give rise to the dramatic poetic art of the author. This poetic art focuses on the one hand on the relationship between the private territory of the characters and the political field of the agôn, and on the other hand, on the place and role of individuals and of art itself in the world of enterprise and in consumer society. Indeed, the theatrical aesthetics of Vinaver and the reflections of the author concerning the functions of writing drama today, and its relationship to reality seem closely related to the dialogical aspects of the character’s discourse that vary within a wide range including the use of stereotypes, clichés, aphorisms, commonplaces and argumentative topoï as well as the different forms of reported discourse or enunciative heterogeneity. On the polyphonic level, the arrangement of dialogic manifestations in the dialogue of Vinaver’s plays leads to the use of various technical forms such as the montage, the choir, the intertextuality and the trans-artistic aesthetic, creating ironical and aesthetic effects that carry multiple significations while preserving an openness in the meaning of the work. In order to describe the aspects of dialogism and polyphony, we will use notions and concepts adopted from the branches of linguistics [discourse analysis, enunciation and linguistic pragmatics] as well as from Ancient and modern rhetoric
Raymond, Lucie. "La construction médiatique de la revendication « antisystème » : enquête sur les stratégies de création et de renouvellement d’une (im)posture journalistique et politique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL071.pdf.
This research questions the media construction of the "anti-system" claim over a period of more than thirty years (1990-2020). Our thesis problematic questions the modalities of construction and renewal of the "anti-system posture", in connection with the transformations of the media environment within which these figures evolve. We first work on identifying and classifying the « anti-system » figures; we then examine their media and discursive trajectories. Three main analytical points guide this analysis. We first demonstrate the building of a rhetoric of resentment, which allows the anti-system actors to present themselves as both “fighters” and “victims” of “the system”. We then study the mediagenic potential of these figures: we therefore analyse their ways of adapting to the media and formats in which they are mediated. We thus examine the semio-discursive processes through which the "anti-system" interact with the major information media they are criticising, while deploying at the same time a communicational "panoply" on the Internet. We finally study their construction of “counter informational” spaces online, to spread their vision of a world in line with their political ideology
Trépanier, Marie-Hélène. "À la recherche d'un idéal politique : analyse des discours des orateurs attiques du IVe siècle a.C." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29468.
Truc, Alexandre. "Transforming economics through psychology : an assessment of the behavioral economics 'revolution'." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080067/document.
While Behavioral economics (BE) is successful, recent debates prompted questions about the nature of this 'revolution' for economics. The aim of this thesis is to investigate BE from a philosophical, sociological, and historical perspective to better qualify what the tensions and stakes surrounding the change brought about by it are. Contrasting with most of the literature that tends to compare BE, neoclassical economics, and heterodoxies side-by-side, we use an up-to-date Kuhnian approach to focus on intra and interdisciplinary interactions. Because of the role of outsiders in BE, its proponents adopted particular rhetorical stances that led to what we call a ‘revolution on the fence’ that mixes important transformations for economics (e.g. emphasis on interdisciplinarity and empirics) with visible conservative elements (e.g. structure of formal models). While many economists have partly adopted the practices introduced by BE, we argue based on a case-study of incommensurability in recent controversies that BE is locally incompatible with the strongest interpretations of the methodology of revealed preferences, as well as with the interpretation of economics as an insular disciplines. Moreover, we also find contradictory interpretations of what BE is within the field. Using quantitative and networks analysis, we argue that the initial disciplinary mobility displayed by BE’s founders, is interpreted in two ways. While some argue for a return to ‘normal science’ compatible with most of economics, others adopted the interdisciplinarity praised by BE’s founders to push the frontiers of economics in directions further away from the core of traditional economics concerns
Pereira, Braz Ana Cristina. "L'ironie dans le discours parlementaire portugais : degrès d'implicitation, indices linguistiques et stratégies discursives." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080078.
The subject of this study is a semantic, pragmatic and discursive analysis of irony in Portuguese parliamentary debate. We study in particular the implicitation degrees of ironic criticism, the signals, the functions and the discursive strategies of irony. Our interdisciplinary theoretical approach covers the multiple forms that irony takes in our corpus, and includes operating concepts deriving from : the speech act theory (Austin 1962 and Searle 1969 and 1979) ; Grice´s conversational maxims (1975) ; the antiphrastic irony´s point of view (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1980) ; the linguistic theory of polyphony (Ducrot 1984) ; the verbal politeness theory (Brown & Levinson 1987 and Kerbrat-Orecchioni 2005 and 2010) and studies on argumentation (Amossy 2000). The first part of this work focuses on the characteristics of the Portuguese parliamentary discourse and on the critical analysis of different studies on irony. In the second part, we study the different forms of irony in our corpus and identify the most common signals of irony. In the third part, we focus on the main discursive functions and strategies that underlie the use of irony in the discursive genre being analysed. This approach has allowed us to conceive irony as an axiological linguistic-discursive mechanism that aims to depreciate someone, while supporting argumentation and persuasion
O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a análise semântico-pragmático-discursiva da ironia no debate parlamentar português. São estudados em particular os graus de implicitação da crítica irónica, os índices, as funções e as estratégias discursivas da ironia. A abordagem teórica interdisciplinar permite contemplar a multiplicidade de formas de expressão da ironia no nosso corpus e inclui conceitos operatórios oriundos nomeadamente: da teoria dos atos de fala (Austin 1962 e Searle 1969 e 1979); das máximas conversacionais de Grice (1975); da perspetiva antifrástica da ironia (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1980); das teorias da polifonia linguística (Ducrot 1984) e da cortesia verbal (Brown & Levinson 1987 e Kerbrat-Orecchioni 2005 e 2010), assim como dos estudos sobre a argumentação (Amossy 2000). A primeira parte do trabalho é dedicada à caracterização do discurso parlamentar português e à análise crítica de determinados estudos sobre a ironia. Na segunda parte, estudamos as várias formas de manifestação da ironia no corpus em análise, estabelecendo três grandes classes de ironia a partir dos diferentes graus de implicitação da apreciação irónica; identificamos igualmente os índices de ironia mais frequentes. Na terceira parte, debruçamo-nos sobre as principais funções e estratégias discursivas da ironia que subjazem à utilização da ironia no género discursivo em questão. Este procedimento permitiu-nos considerar a ironia como um mecanismo linguístico-discursivo de natureza axiológica, que visa a desqualificação de outrem, estando ao serviço da argumentação e da persuasão
Callegaro, Francesco. "Être autonome : recommencer l'anthropologie philosophique à la lumière de la politique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0099.
In spite of the grand narrative telling the end of all grand narratives, one never stops discourse in real life, nor to turn over certain basic ideas: amongst them, autonomy, as well as the values it conveys, enjoys, in a confused and self-contradictory way, a privileged status. Far from encouraging tendencies which could reveal themselves contrary to desired goals, or bitterly criticising an idea we do not understand the real meaning of, again we raise the question of man to reveal the true sense of this fundamental idea. Exploiting contemporary research in human sciences and the philosophy of mind, action and language, the present inquiry creates a solid descriptive basis, upon which a reformulation of the legacy of a long tradition can be founded: thus, from the perspective of a science of man which does not hide its will to be a science for man, we can finally appreciate the normative goal of human autonomy, whose principle and fundamental meaning must be found in polities
L'Huillier, Marie-Claude. "Les Panégyriques latins : approches discursives des représentations du pouvoir." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA1021.
The anthology of the eleven Latin panegyrics from 289 to 389 constitutes a political and rhetorical pattern. The encomiums have been analyzed as a munus where both orators and emperors are found together, as a discursive event, which is part of a policy of speech, both legitimate and instrument of legitimation, as a use of speech inducing a rule of hegemony. The informatisation of a corpus of 46300 words and graphic units provides us statistical data. They have been used to study through factor analysis a reccurrency of lexical items, which defines the specificity of the discourses. Rhetorical devices, thematic, the modalities of assertion, rhythms have pointed to structures and strategies. Those samplings embed us to define in the statements various elements of the process of celebration. Act ants, spaces and exempla and provide us with hints of the location and the elements of the imperial gesta, on ceremonials, identify and identification process, on pathos, and charisma. They lead us to more accurate approach of the aspects and evolution of the imperial image, thus defining the fields of action, of semblancy and of being; and the part played by the discursivity in the symbolic of power
Pereira, Braz Ana Cristina. "L'ironie dans le discours parlementaire portugais : degrès d'implicitation, indices linguistiques et stratégies discursives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080078.
The subject of this study is a semantic, pragmatic and discursive analysis of irony in Portuguese parliamentary debate. We study in particular the implicitation degrees of ironic criticism, the signals, the functions and the discursive strategies of irony. Our interdisciplinary theoretical approach covers the multiple forms that irony takes in our corpus, and includes operating concepts deriving from : the speech act theory (Austin 1962 and Searle 1969 and 1979) ; Grice´s conversational maxims (1975) ; the antiphrastic irony´s point of view (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1980) ; the linguistic theory of polyphony (Ducrot 1984) ; the verbal politeness theory (Brown & Levinson 1987 and Kerbrat-Orecchioni 2005 and 2010) and studies on argumentation (Amossy 2000). The first part of this work focuses on the characteristics of the Portuguese parliamentary discourse and on the critical analysis of different studies on irony. In the second part, we study the different forms of irony in our corpus and identify the most common signals of irony. In the third part, we focus on the main discursive functions and strategies that underlie the use of irony in the discursive genre being analysed. This approach has allowed us to conceive irony as an axiological linguistic-discursive mechanism that aims to depreciate someone, while supporting argumentation and persuasion
O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a análise semântico-pragmático-discursiva da ironia no debate parlamentar português. São estudados em particular os graus de implicitação da crítica irónica, os índices, as funções e as estratégias discursivas da ironia. A abordagem teórica interdisciplinar permite contemplar a multiplicidade de formas de expressão da ironia no nosso corpus e inclui conceitos operatórios oriundos nomeadamente: da teoria dos atos de fala (Austin 1962 e Searle 1969 e 1979); das máximas conversacionais de Grice (1975); da perspetiva antifrástica da ironia (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1980); das teorias da polifonia linguística (Ducrot 1984) e da cortesia verbal (Brown & Levinson 1987 e Kerbrat-Orecchioni 2005 e 2010), assim como dos estudos sobre a argumentação (Amossy 2000). A primeira parte do trabalho é dedicada à caracterização do discurso parlamentar português e à análise crítica de determinados estudos sobre a ironia. Na segunda parte, estudamos as várias formas de manifestação da ironia no corpus em análise, estabelecendo três grandes classes de ironia a partir dos diferentes graus de implicitação da apreciação irónica; identificamos igualmente os índices de ironia mais frequentes. Na terceira parte, debruçamo-nos sobre as principais funções e estratégias discursivas da ironia que subjazem à utilização da ironia no género discursivo em questão. Este procedimento permitiu-nos considerar a ironia como um mecanismo linguístico-discursivo de natureza axiológica, que visa a desqualificação de outrem, estando ao serviço da argumentação e da persuasão
Abdulbaqi, Ibrahim Khaleel. "L’analyse phonostylistique du discours politique oral de Dominique de Villepin." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1029.
This thesis studies the phonostylistical analysis of Mr. Dominique de Villepin's political oral discourse. A study which requires several of his vocal style in his different oral speeches in a way that allows us to analyze the discourse and prosodic elements throughout his political speeches. The study will focus on the dual coding (linguistic and paralinguistic) hidden behind his political purposes. The corpus of study is the set of samples taken from his different speeches: debate, conference, interviews. This study also rises to explain his discursive and communicative competence which is manifested by using linguistic, prosodic and discursive units in order to disclose the praxeological role of social practices, political roles and the role of experience in his speeches. Concerning the discursive level, the present study aims to analyze the pragmatic elements such as the tour of speech and verbal and persuasive effects. Concerning the phonostylistical level, several of phonostylistic phenomena which have prosodic values (intonation, melody, accent and pause) are analyzed under the Praat software to identify different pragmatic and enunciative roles in terms of persuasive strategy of this political man. The thesis is to demonstrate the role of prosodic phenomena in the establishment of new information, capable of transmitting a second vocal message to his audience. This phonostylistical message, which supports the first message carried through discursive illocutionary forces, adds to the style of Dominique de Villepin a new method to influence and persuade the public audience
Abbou, Julie. "L'antisexisme linguistique dans les brochures libertaires : pratiques d'écriture et métadiscours." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643802.
Labrune, Pierre. "Le siècle des jargons : le « cant » dans les querelles religieuses, politiques et esthétiques en Angleterre 1740-1824." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL168.
This dissertation focusses on the rhetorical uses of “cant” in England in the long eighteenth century. This word – which cannot be translated easily – originally referred to the secret language of beggars and thieves. After the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell, “cant” began to be used to criticise the phraseology of Puritans, Non-conformists and, from the 1740s onwards, Methodists. Based on a chronological approach, this work aims at highlighting the permanencies and changes in the polemical uses of the notion. By studying several specific quarrels, I try to understand how a word that was first used in religious controversies became central in political and literary discourses as the century went on. The history of “cant” and its uses can help us better understand how explicitly digressive and self-reflexive poetics developed against the background of linguistic and political scepticism
Montlahuc, Pascal. "Le pouvoir des bons mots : "faire rire" et politique à Rome du milieu du IIIe siècle a.C. à l'avènement des Antonins." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC130.
This work explores the links between risum mouere and Roman political competition from the two last centuries of the Republic to the beginnings of the Principate. It is necessary to go beyond a critical discussion of the influential theories of the good orator and homo urbanus (mostly conceptualized by Cicero and Quintilian) and instead to adopt a historicizing and complex reading of the phenomenon, conceiving political humor as an ever-changing object shaped by orators, jokes, audiences, and political struggles. In order to understand its role in the roman city, political humor thus needs to be considered as a contextualized whole. The first part of the dissertation considers risum mouere in the context of trials, in the Senate, on the Forum, in the street or at war. Each of these case studies reveals a type of political humor that is freely and openly used in public life. The second part tries to determine what impact Caesar’s rise and the triumvirs had on political competition and, at the same time, on the possibilities of using political humor in the city. This section sheds light on the multiple ways in which the aristocrats and people of Rome continued to mock the powerful (Caesar, Antony and Octavian) by using more discreet channels (correspondence, graffiti, triumphal songs), and how these enabled them to keep expressing strong political opposition, which was otherwise dangerous to address in broad daylight. The third and last part focuses on the first century A.D. and discusses the opposition elaborated by ancient authors between the “good prince”, who was naturally comfortable with political humor, and the repressive “tyrant”. A critical study of the literary documentation shows that every Princeps tended to discourage political humor when it meant an effective danger for the imperial authority, but also that emperors knew how to use laughter and humor to create a form of “inapproachable approachability” which constituted a foundation of imperial charisma and strengthened the new regime, born from the “Roman revolution”
Laterza, Giovanna. "Pour une géoreligion au livre 6 de l’Énéide." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAC015.
This dissertation looks at the strategies of religious appropriation and organisation of the fictional territory in Book Six of the Aeneid from a geo-religious perspective. I use the term ‘georeligion’ to refer to an interpretive paradigm that studies the impact of religious elements on the fictional territory of epic (a), on the extratextual context (b) and on the field of poetic competition (c). First, I examine how religious elements inform the Book’s Italic and catabatic landscapes. In this context I conclude that the religious elements serve to contemporize the fictional landscape and, as a consequence, influence the reader/listener’s horizon of expectation. I then attempt to identify the poetic and meta-poetic strategies that underlie such acts of religious ‘re-territorialisation’. In conclusion, I suggest reading certain religious elements from Book Six (the funerary rites, the sacral site of Cumae and the speeches of Anchises and the Sibyl) as nodal points that (a) give structure to the epic territory, (b) influence the perception ofthe reader/listener, and (c) act as a platform for the reworking of the earlier literary tradition