Relevant bibliographies by topics / Personnel supply and provision

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Personnel supply and provision'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Personnel supply and provision"

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Bychenko, Yuri, and Igor Smirnov. "Social control of food supply for Russian military personnel." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 05012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022205012.

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The scientific article presents a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the problem of social control of food supply for military personnel, suggests ways to improve the interaction of military organizations with the structures of the agro-industrial complex. It has been substantiated that the most important indicators of social control are embedded in the self-assessments of servicemen in terms of the following parameters: 1) verification of compliance with the norms, rules and procedures of servicemen’s activities; 2) compliance with the norms, rules and procedures for the provision of military personnel, including food. It is proved that in modern conditions the current system of social control cannot eliminate the manifestation of negative tendencies in the system of relations of a modern military collective. The necessity is substantiated and the directions of improving the food supply system for military personnel are presented: 1) the formation of a comprehensive model of social control of food supply for military units (integration of external, internal, self-controlling substructures of control); 2) strengthening the existing model of supplying an additional component of proactive food support for military personnel, which determines the storage of food stocks and mechanisms for effective interaction with the structures of the agro-industrial complex in conditions of a destabilizing situation, local conflict, and peacekeeping operations.
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Romanova, V. V. "Problems and trends of legal regulation of the heat energy market in the Russian Federation and legal support of competition in the heat energy market." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.67.3.024-030.

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Despite the seemingly active development of legal regulation of the heat energy market, there are gaps and contradictions in the legal regulation, in the legal provision of competition in the heat energy market, which draw the attention of representatives of the expert community and government agencies. A significant number of legal disputes in the field of heat supply and acts of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation also indicate problems in legal regulation. Based on the results of legal analysis of legal regulation and law enforcement practice, proposals were made to introduce the following provisions into the model of legal regulation: maintaining a register of companies that sell heat energy, including data on the financial, technological, and personnel status; licensing the activities of companies that sell heat energy; licensing of companies that provide services to heat networks and heat supply facilities, including heat‑receiving equipment for consumers; introduction of a system for intelligent accounting of heat consumption.
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Schenk, A. R. J. "RESOURCE SHARING AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES-REDUCTION OF OILFIELD COSTS THROUGH INNOVATIVE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97032.

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Supply chain management is the relatively recently implemented concept of managing an integrated supply function from production of a product or service to its receipt by its ultimate end user.This management philosophy has revolutionised production and manufacturing industries throughout the world, and has brought about dramatic efficiency improvements, with similar effects upon reducing overall costs. Traditionally, this was an area that was considered of low priority, presenting little opportunity for value adding or innovation, and characterised by adversarial, uncompetitive management techniques.Similarly, in the oil and gas industry, especially in the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, extended supply chains have necessitated a re-evaluation of the mechanisms used not only for provision of the supply service, but in the relationship between the operator and the service provider. Most notable examples being the CRINE (Cost Reduction Initiative for the New Era) initiative in the United Kingdom and Chevron Corporation's (one of West Australian Petroleum's participants and also its technical advisor) CSQIP (Chevron Supplier Quality Improvement Process) methodology.This paper will concern itself therefore with the application of cutting edge Supply Chain Management techniques garnered from both the North Sea and the United States. Focussing specifically upon alliancing/partnering, resource sharing and outsourcing, upon West Australian Petroleum Pty Limited (WAPET) and its respective contractors.It will seek to show that through innovative use of current supply chain management tools, as well as imaginative 'out of the box' thinking by WAPET personnel and contractor personnel alike, significant cost reductions and performance improvements can be brought to bear on oilfield operating costs.
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Steedman, Hilary, Geoff Mason, and Karin Wagner. "Intermediate Skills in the Workplace: Deployment, Standards and Supply in Britain, France and Germany∗." National Institute Economic Review 136 (May 1991): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019113600106.

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Previous international comparisons of workforce skills by the National Institute have focussed on the relative shortage of craft skills in Britain. The present study is concerned with the next higher level of supervisory and technician skills; on the basis of visits to factories and technical colleges in Britain, France and Germany, and analysis of labour force statistics, it compares and contrasts the provision and deployment of these intermediate skills in manufacturing industry in the three countries. At supervisory level only Germany undertakes a significant amount of training and to standards adequate to the increased complexity and technical demands of modern manufacturing. At technician (Higher National) level, the numbers acquiring comparable qualifications in Britain and France are substantially higher than in Germany: in part this reflects the allocation of a large proportion of technical support functions in German industry to craft-trained personnel. After examining the relative distribution of training costs between employers, individuals and the public authorities in the three countries, the paper makes proposals for a more cost-effective mix of craft- and technician-level skills in British manufacturing which might, in the process, reduce the need for over-qualified personnel to ‘plug the gaps’ in skills among shopfloor workers and supervisors.
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Anibaldi, Renata, Julia Carins, and Sharyn Rundle-Thiele. "Eating Behaviors in Australian Military Personnel: Constructing a System of Interest for a Social Marketing Intervention." Social Marketing Quarterly 26, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500420948487.

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Background: Eating behaviors are complex and have particular significance for military personnel who require sound nutrition to support health and physical fitness for job performance. Policies and guidelines for the provision of nutritionally appropriate food/drink on base and in the field do exist; however, many military personnel have poor dietary habits, and these habits are evident early in their career. Social marketing could assist in changing unhealthy eating behaviors of personnel through implementation of feasible interventions co-created with stakeholders that are valued by Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel. : The article reports the first phase of a systemic co-inquiry into unhealthy eating behaviors of military personnel. This study aimed to gain an initial framing of the problem situation and thus hypothesize a “system of interest” in which to conduct future work. Research questions What components (e.g., ideas, objects, attributes, activities) are perceived to be relevant for eating behaviors in military personnel? Do interrelationships and interconnections among components suggest how unhealthy eating behaviors may emerge? Are there places that suggest viable leverage points as opportunities for changing unhealthy eating behaviors through delivery of offerings that ADF personnel value? Program Design/Approach: This study was part of a systemic inquiry approach. Methods: Data for the study included document analysis and 14 semi-structured depth interviews with ADF stakeholders. Data were thematically analyzed to construct a system of interest in which to explore how eating behaviors emerge among personnel and ADF-controlled leverage points that can be used to increase healthy eating for ADF personnel through social marketing intervention. Results: The data analysis identified alternative systems of interest in which to explore how eating behaviors emerge among personnel. Demand and supply side leverage points were identified. On the supply side, the encouragement of patronage through menu innovation, investment in facilities, cooking skills training, and auditing provision were opportunities for social marketing intervention. On the demand side, education and training coupled with communications that challenge cultural and regulatory norms and link to military values were areas that programs seeking to increase healthy eating in ADF personnel could focus on. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: As an approach for addressing “wicked” problems, the application of systems thinking in social marketing has privileged an ontological concept of system as a metaphor for reality. This approach assists in expanding the focus of change beyond the individual to include factors in social, economic, and policy environments. By using systems thinking as an epistemological device, this article offers an approach that may be applied to overcome practical and philosophical limitations in the application of systems thinking. Recommendations for Research or Practice: Research on alternative methods for applying systems thinking is recommended to strengthen the potential of system approaches in the field of social marketing. Limitations: This study is part of a broader program, and its findings on the problem of unhealthy eating behaviors in ADF are preliminary. Limitations specific to the study include the possibility of “reductionism” in stakeholder identification and self-selection bias in participation.
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Akor, Philip Usman, and Julie Udensi. "An Assessment of Record Management System in Establishment Division of Two Universities in Nigeria." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 13 (October 2013): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.13.97.

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The major purpose of this study was to assess record management of the Federal University of Technology, Minna Nigeria and Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Nigeria. In carrying out this study, four (4) research questions were posed. The study sample population comprised of 88 staff (46 staff from the establishment division of the Federal University of Technology, Minna and 42 staff from the establishment division of the Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The research questions were answered using frequency and percentages. The major findings of the study revealed: ineffectiveness in record management practices, incompetent personnel, inadequate infrastructural facilities, constant power failure. Based on these findings, the following recommendations were made. Effort should be made for provision of standby generator as an alternative to power supply, training of staff to handle the universities‟ record, provision of adequate fund and enough infrastructural facilities.
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Alkhalili, Mohammad, Janice Ma, and Sylvain Grenier. "Defining Roles for Pharmacy Personnel in Disaster Response and Emergency Preparedness." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 4 (January 30, 2017): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.172.

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AbstractOngoing provision of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies is of key importance during and following a disaster or other emergency event. An effectively coordinated response involving locally available pharmacy personnel—drawing upon the efforts of licensed pharmacists and unlicensed support staff—can help to mitigate harms and alleviate hardship in a community after emergency events. However, pharmacists and their counterparts generally receive limited training in disaster medicine and emergency preparedness as part of their initial qualifications, even in countries with well-developed professional education programs. Pharmacy efforts have also traditionally focused on medical supply activities, more so than on general emergency preparedness. To facilitate future work between pharmacy personnel on an international level, our team undertook an extensive review of the published literature describing pharmacists’ experiences in responding to or preparing for both natural and manmade disasters. In addition to identifying key activities that must be performed, we have developed a classification scheme for pharmacy personnel. We believe that this framework will enable pharmacy personnel working in diverse practice settings to identify and undertake essential actions that are necessary to ensure an effective emergency response and will promote better collaboration between pharmacy team members during actual disaster situations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:496–504)
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Pînzariu, Sorin, and Costel-Dorel Mînea. "The Military Units’ Logistic Support Principles." Land Forces Academy Review 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2019-0002.

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Abstract The fundamental objective of the military units’ logistic system during peacetime is ensuring necessary logistic support for the military personnel to properly carry out the training and instruction activities in order to fulfill the missions assigned to the military units at every hierachical level. Concurrently, the logistic system of the military units during peacetime tracks the supply of material assets for emergency situations, crisis, mobilization and war. Achieving logistic support for military units during peacetime depends on a number of principles that underpin the provision of high-quality logistic support necessary for the fulfillment of the basic mission and the fundamental objectives of each military structure.
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Ashraf, Zohaib, Muna Malik, and Muhammad Irfan Malik. "COVID-19: Utmost Need to Protect Frontline Health Care Workers in Pakistan." BioMedica 36, no. 2S (June 24, 2020): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51441/biomedica//biomedica/5-389.

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<p>Health care professionals (HCPs) remain the most vulnerable population while performing their duties they inadvertently put themselves at high risk for any pandemic. During COVID-19 outbreak, scarce supply of personal protective equipment (PPEs) and prolonged exposure of HCPs with large number of COVID-19 positive cases in healthcare settings, long stressful duty hours and insufficient infection prevention and control (IPC) training given to them has led to a large number of infected cases. Policies should be designed and implemented for more screening and better protection with provision of optimal resources to these valuable personnel of health care system.</p>
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Moye, Robert A., Kim Mason, Amy Flatt, Barbara Faircloth, Janisha Livermore, Brittany Brown, Adam Furr, Cassey Starnes, John R. Yates, and Robert Hurt. "Emergency preparation and mitigation for COVID-19 response in an integrated pharmacy practice model." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 8 (February 27, 2021): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab015.

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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this descriptive report is to share experiences in crisis response planning and risk mitigation at a university health system department of pharmacy with an integrated clinical practice model in the early months of the coronarvirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Summary The department of pharmacy’s COVID-19 pandemic response included successful planning and implementation of measures to maintain pharmacy operations and minimize COVID-19 exposure of patients and staff. These measures included ensuring adequate personnel staffing using flexible staffing solutions, ongoing assessment of supply chain integrity, and continuation of integrated clinical pharmacy services 24/7 throughout the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Information technology (IT) and educational program modifications are also discussed. Conclusion This report describes successful crisis planning and risk mitigation in the setting of COVID-19, which was facilitated by the department of pharmacy’s integrated clinical practice model. This model enabled uninterrupted personnel scheduling, supply chain integrity, continued provision of 24/7 integrated clinical services, adaptive use of IT tools, and continuation of educational programs. The experiences described may be instructive to other pharmacy departments in evaluating their response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in planning for similar pandemic or other emergency scenarios.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Personnel supply and provision"

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Ekelöf, Fredrik, and Kristian Sandahl. "Personalförsörjning i fritt fall? : En studie om personalförsörjningens möjligheter och utmaningar vid två arméförband i en tillväxande Försvarsmakt." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44773.

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Att bygga upp en större Försvarsmakt omfattar både utveckling och återetablering av förband. Detta medför påtagliga utmaningar utifrån rådande personalläge. Tillgänglighet på yrkesofficerare, i tillräcklig numerär och med relevant kompetens, kommer vara avgörande för tillväxttakten. Därtill har återinförandet av värnplikt, implementering av ett trebefälssystem och akademisering av officersutbildningen förändrat förutsättningarna för officersprofessionen. Studiens syfte är att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur personalförsörjning i praktiken påverkar förbanden och dess chefer. Vi ville studera vilka faktorer som haft störst inverkan på officersprofessionen inom ramen för tillväxten vid våra hemförband.  Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med chefer på Göta Ingenjörregemente (Ing 2) och Södra skånska regementet (P 7) för att förstå hur de hanterar tillväxten och de spänningar som den medför eller synliggör.   Under intervjuerna framkom att lösningen på tillväxtens utmaningar inte enbart handlar om personell uppfyllnad. Brister i grundläggande kunskaper och färdigheter, samt en accelererande vakanssituation, gör att det gradvis sker en kompetensurholkning.  Studien synliggör behovet av att systematisera kompetensförsörjningen i en långsiktig personalplanering på förbanden.  Av studien framgår också att mentor- och handledarskap, för unga officerare, är central för att kunna hantera behoven som tillväxten medför och för att utveckla officersprofessionen.  Det framkommer även i uppsatsen att många beslut kopplat till verksamhetsstyrningar och åtgärder inom tillväxten hanteras genom stuprörsledning. Detta leder till brister i framförhållning på förbanden och är en källa till frustration på flera ledningsnivåer.  Studiens övergripande insikt är att tillväxten, i olika grad och omfattning, påverkar personalförsörjningen och officersprofessionen. Vid de undersökta förbanden visar det sig att personalförsörjning inte är dimensionerad för att hantera en ökad mängd uppgifter i en tillväxande Försvarsmakt.
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Brettenny, Warren James. "Efficiency evaluation of South African water service provision." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14741.

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In recent years South Africa has experienced numerous service delivery protests. These protests are a result of the lack of delivery of basic services such as water and sanitation (amongst others). To address this, local governments have taken part in benchmarking initiatives (National Benchmarking Initiative, Municipal Benchmarking Initiative) and regulation programmes (BlueDrop,GreenDrop) in an effort to improve the quality of potable water and sanitation services. The latter of these focuses on the quality of the water services delivered and neither focus on the efficiency with which this delivery is achieved. This study uses both nonparametric (data envelopment analysis) aswell as parametric (stochastic frontier) methods to assess the efficiency of water service provision in South Africa over a six year period from 2005 to 2010. Subsequently, the method which is most suited for use in the South African context is proposed. In addition, this study demonstrates how these methods can be used to determine the effectiveness of benchmarking initiatives, namely the National Benchmarking Initiative, in improving the efficiency of water service provision. Furthermore, additional insight into the selection ofm in them out of n bootstrap procedure for efficiency evaluations is established through a simulation study. The inclusion of efficiency evaluations into South African benchmarking initiatives provides new and important insight into the standard of water service delivery. As such, the techniques used in this study illustrate how efficiency analysis can enhance benchmarking initiatives in South Africa.
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Alban, Conto Maria-Carolina. "Private Income Transfers and Development : three Applied Essays on Latin America." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH006/document.

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Pendant des décennies, les économistes se sont intéressés à étudier pourquoi et comment les agents s'entraident, en accordant une place particulière à l'analyse des transferts de revenus privés. Les applications récentes comprennent des sujets très divers tels que: l'analyse de l'accumulation du capital, la cohésion sociale etla solidarité, le marché de l'assurance et des taux d'intérêt, les stratégies de gestion des risques face aux chocs négatifset les politiques gouvernementales.La présente thèse analyse de quelles manières les décisions de transfert entre ménages, les envois de fonds internationauxet les transferts intra-ménages ont un impact sur cinq aspects fondamentaux du développement:(i) les interactions sociales, (ii) le travail de marché et domestique, (iii) les dépenses, (iv) la nutrition et (v) la santé.Trois questions de recherche sont traitées en utilisant des données provenant de la Colombie, de l'Équateur et du Pérou, ainsi que de multiples techniques économétriques. Premièrement, y a-t-il une relation entre les transferts entre ménages et la distance entre les donateurs et les récepteurs? Deuxièmement, faire des envois de fonds internationaux modifie-t-il de manière asymétrique l'offre de travail, en fonction des caractéristiques individuelles? Troisièmement, avoir recours des transferts intra-ménages influence-t-il les habitudes de dépenses, la nutrition et la santé au sein des ménages?Les résultats suggèrent que les transferts de revenus privés jouent un rôle clé de redistribution, en modifiant leniveau de vie et en améliorant le bien-être des individus. Dans des contextes de pauvreté, où les mécanismes d'apparentant à une sécurité sociale sont rares, où l'informalité est courante, où les institutions sont fragmentées et où le secteur public est faible, les transferts d'argent et en nature entre ménages constituent des stratégies essentielles de subsistance. Ainsi, améliorer notre compréhension de cette dimension des comportements sociaux est fondamental
For decades, economists have been interested in studying why and how agents support eachothers, giving a special place to the analysis of private income transfers. Recent applicationsinclude very diverse topics such as: the analysis of capital accumulation, social cohesion andsolidarity, market insurance and interest rates, risk-coping strategies against negative shocksand government policies.The present dissertation analyzes how inter-household transfer decisions, international remittancesand intra-household transfers contribute to shape five fundamental aspects of development:(i) social interactions, (ii) market and household work, (iii) spending patterns, (iv)nutrition and (v) health.Three research questions are addressed using applied data from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru,and multiple econometric techniques. First, is there a relationship between inter-householdtransfer dynamics and distance between donors and receivers? Second, do remittances asymmetricallyshape labor supply responses depending on people’s characteristics? Third, dointra-household transfers influence spending patterns, nutrition and health outcomes?Results suggest that private income transfers play a key re-distributive role, shaping agents’living standards and improving individual and social well-being. In contexts of economic deprivation,where social safety nets are scarce, informality is at stake, institutions are highlyfragmented and the public sector is weak, money and in-kind help from other households orindividuals constitute crucial livelihood strategies to get through the economic world. Thus,enhancing our understanding of this dimension of social behaviors is a must
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Rupp, Thomas Manfred. "Supply information provision for co-operation in complex production networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270502.

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Mycoo, Michelle. "Water provision improvements : a case study of Trinidad :." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40207.

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Government expenditure on infrastructure has been high in most developing countries. However, though access to services has broadened, the general condition of infrastructure is poor, and the quality of service has deteriorated. Water services is a good example of this problematique.
The purpose of this thesis is to provide a demand-oriented perspective on water provision for domestic users. The thesis examines cost recovery potential based on household willingness to pay more for an improved service and water pricing. Also, factors contributing to rising provision costs are explored, with the aim of formulating prescriptions for demand management and lowered costs. The thesis also focuses on institutional strengthening scenarios which achieve a demand orientation in water delivery. To this end, competition in the provision of water services and the regulation of service providers are examined.
A case study of domestic users in Trinidad was undertaken. Households in the main urban area were surveyed to test willingness to pay for water improvements using a questionnaire which incorporated three methodologies; contingent ranking, contingent valuation and the household production function. The household production function examined the revealed preference of consumers, whereas the contingent ranking and contingent valuation considered the stated preference for different features of the water service.
The survey found that most consumers were willing to pay more than twice the current price of water, contingent upon a guaranteed improvement in service, particularly reliability. The main factors influencing willingness to pay were household income, the price of water, number of service hours, and housing and land tenure. The results indicate that while the potential for cost recovery does exist, formulating demand-oriented water policies with a focus on improved reliability is necessary.
Extensive interviews were also conducted with professionals from both local and international agencies involved in the water sector, to elicit their perspectives on the problems of water agencies and possible solutions. There is a consensus among sector professionals that water agencies should emphasize improvements in operational performance, system maintenance and rehabilitation, and quality and reliability of service, instead of increases in capacity through new investments. Professionals took the common position that institutional capacity building was needed to achieve these results.
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Fitzsimmons, Colum Michael James. "Land supply and formulation of rural housing policy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244657.

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Abdelrahman, Sami. "Estimation and provision of differentiated quality of supply in distribution networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/estimation-and-provision-of-differentiated-quality-of-supply-in-distribution-networks(1dd700df-9023-460f-9bd4-c9eb99b659ae).html.

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Power quality problems are now receiving much interest from the distribution system operators (DSO). This can be attributed to rising competition in today's electricity markets, new regulations and standards regarding the power quality, and also because newer types of load equipment require certain levels of power quality. Furthermore, the current trend towards increased penetration of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network (in particular electronics interfaced and intermittent DG) has its impact on the power quality performance of the distribution networks, which also draw more attention of the DSOs to the power quality issues. The research presented in the thesis is divided into two main parts; the first part is to estimate and evaluate power quality indices in distribution networks with DG. By comparing the estimated PQ performance with the customers' PQ requirements the weak areas of the network are identified, i.e., the areas requiring power quality improvements. Most of the PQ phenomena are well defined in international standards and appropriate thresholds for individual phenomena are set in these standards. The thesis presents simulation and evaluation methodologies for some of the main PQ phenomena. Particular attention is given to the longer terms study of harmonics in distribution network with limited monitoring. The second part deals with the optimum provision of differentiated power quality based on the temporal and spatial variations of the network state and the customers' power quality requirements. Two new global PQ indices are developed to evaluate the overall PQ of a bus in compressed format. The proposed global indices are the Compound Bus PQ Index (CBPQI) which is based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology and the PQ Reserve index (PQR) which is based on weighted average of performance of different phenomena. The CBPQI is then used as an objective function to optimize the selection of the PQ mitigation solutions. This involves utilising the available power quality mitigation solutions and considering the new smart technologies for network operation in order to provide the optimum level of power quality to different areas of the network at different times. The research outcomes contribute to the benchmarking of power quality performance, quantifying the impact of DG on the power quality in the networks, and to identifying the areas of distribution networks where the investments in power quality monitors and solutions should be made. The studies presented in the thesis are based on both simulations and real PQ measurements. All the simulations are performed in DigSilent PowerFactory and OpenDSS simulation software packages. The studies are performed on a generic distribution network and a real distribution feeder.
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Kavela, Lukas Tangeni Taukondjo. "Applicability of public-private partnership in provision of water infrastructure to central coastal Namibia mines." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015641.

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This study investigated the potential application of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in water supply, taking cognisance of the water demand and supply in the Central Coastal Namibian (CCN) mines. NamWater does not meet demand for the existing and planned mines in the CCN. Primary objective was to investigate and analyse water demand and supply as well as the effectiveness of PPP as a solution by exploring its potential, successes and challenges. In order to obtain relevant information, literature review was used to collect evidence on water demand and supply in the north-central Namibia as well as the application of PPP in provision of water supply. Multi-case studies were carried out on three operational mines, namely; Rio Tinto Rössing Uranium Mine, Langer Heinrich Uranium Mine and Areva Trekkopje Uranium Mine to attain empirical data on water supply requirements. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data supplemented by interviews with NamWater, operational mines within the study area, government institutions, and knowledgeable consultants on water and the mining environment. The key findings included: institutional weaknesses and lack of legislation frameworks to support PPP projects; skills shortage; and financing problems were identified as major challenges. Results further show that these problems could be resolved by effectively implementing a PPP approach, whereby the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) enters into a contract with the public authority. The study concludes that there is a need to increase water output to meet current and future supply requirements to these mines. This situation should be addressed by all stakeholders, from government to private sectors. The study recommends that a sea water desalination plant should be developed to increase water capacity supply to the existing operational and prospective mines in the area. The PPP approach is proposed as a possible solution to water supply infrastructure service delivery problem to ensure long-term water security in the CCN mines.
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Al-Hamad, Alaa H. "Pressures of supply and demand in the provision of an out-patient service." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335523.

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Cavalcanti, Jose C. S. "Economic aspects of the provision and developments of water supply in 19th century Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601155.

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Books on the topic "Personnel supply and provision"

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Rokx, Claudia. New insights into the provision of health services in Indonesia: A health workforce study. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2010.

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Illinois. Dept. of Employment Security. Personnel supply services. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Dept. of Employment Security, 2001.

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Raucher, Robert S. Regional solutions to water supply provision. Denver, Colo: Awwa Research Foundation, 2006.

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Prince, Derek. The promise of provision: Living and giving from God's abundant supply. Bloomington, Minn: Chosen, 2011.

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Rennie, Sandra. Crossing the language barrier: Developing bilingual provision in public services. Bradford: Horton Publishing, 1991.

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California. Bureau of State Audits. California Department of Corrections: A shortage of correctional officers, along with costly labor agreement provisions, raises both fiscal and safety concerns and limits management's control. Sacramento (555 Capitol Mall, Ste. 300, Sacramento 95814): California State Auditor, Bureau of State Audits, 2002.

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Angland, Jess. An examination of the factors effecting the employees provision of customer care. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.

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Cheminais, J. The Provision and maintenance of public personnel: J. Cheinais, G. van der Waldt, S. Bayat. Kenwyn: Juta, 1998.

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Seed provision & agricultural development: The institutions of rural charge. London: Overseas Development Institute in association with J. Currey, Oxford [and] Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H., 2001.

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Léveillé, Guy. Les besoins en personnel enseignant de 1990 á 2010. [Saint John, N.B.]: Ministère de l'éducation, Direction des services administratifs et de la recherche, Service de statistiques et de la recherche, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Personnel supply and provision"

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Baily, P. J. H. "Personnel for purchasing and supply." In Purchasing and Supply Management, 250–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6898-2_21.

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Nicol, Alan, Lyla Mehta, and Indika Arulingam. "Equality in Water Supply Provision." In Equality in Water and Sanitation Services, 63–76. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315471532-4.

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Gu, Jane Z., and Rachel R. Chen. "Buyer Valuation Uncertainty and Firm Information Provision Strategies." In Springer Series in Supply Chain Management, 47–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31733-1_3.

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Gurran, Nicole, and Glen Bramley. "Planning, Housing Supply and Affordable Provision in Britain." In Urban Planning and the Housing Market, 123–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46403-3_5.

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Harris, Stuart A. "Water Supply, Waste Disposal and Provision of Electricity." In The Permafrost Environment, 199–217. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429351891-9.

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Flint, Adrian. "Access to Water and Effective Sanitation — Provision and Security of Supply." In Trade, Poverty and the Environment, 130–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582712_9.

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Qin, Wan, Huang Yu, and Lu Meili. "Strategic Provision of Trade Credit in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain." In Simulation Tools and Techniques, 227–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72795-6_18.

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Nagurney, Anna. "A Multitiered Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model for Disaster Relief with Capacitated Freight Service Provision." In Dynamics of Disasters, 85–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97442-2_5.

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Scheumann, Waltina. "Theories on the Provision and Supply of Goods and Services Through the Political and Bureaucratic System." In Managing Salinization, 15–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59044-3_2.

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Verma, Payal, and Deepak G. Krishnan. "Office-Based Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-The American Model and Training." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 79–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_6.

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AbstractAnxiety and pain control has been an inherent part of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon’s (OMS’s) armamentarium. In the United States, achieving competency in anesthesia is an integral part of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) training curriculum. Further, OMS’s maintain the highest of standards in their practice of anesthesia outside the operating theaters. OMS-anesthesia-team model emphasizes patient safety. This requires rigorous training and meticulous standards of practice, not only by the surgeons but by the entire supporting team of office personnel. The American Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) endorses several critical steps in promoting the safety of this model in OMS offices. Periodic review of parameters of care, mandated training for office team and a peer review for office anesthesia evaluation of fellow OMSs are some of the critical components. AAOMS has a simulation based training to train teams in the provision of safe anesthesia in a low risk environment. Emphasis on appropriate patient selection, impeccable advanced anesthesia monitoring, and periodic strong didactic and skills based training supports the OMS-anesthesia-team in being a valid, safe practice model of anxiety and pain control in an outpatient setting.
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Conference papers on the topic "Personnel supply and provision"

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Sugawara, Shin-etsu, and Hiroshi Kimura. "The Role of Local Governments in the Japanese Nuclear Governance: Case Analysis of “Safety Agreements” in Siting Areas." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75470.

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Non-institutional measures often play an important role in the governance between technology and institutional system which have legal basis. In this study, we analyze the role of the “safety agreements” in Japan’s current regulation system of nuclear power plants (NPPs). In Japan, the national government regulates exclusively the safety of nuclear facilities based on the regulaions. But local governments also involve in the nuclear safety regulation de facto, to protect the publics’ safety and welfare. All the local governments in the siting areas concluded “safety agreements”, a gentleman-like agreement between local governments and power companies on safety issues. These Agreements contain various provisions, such as, the immediate notification procedures of accidents in NPPs, the access and inspection of NPPs after accidents, etc... However, these provisions don’t have a legal-binding of the power companies but, the local governors and local governments sometimes strongly assert the control for the restart operation of NPPs after the accidents utilizing the “safety agreements” as the pretext. This situation has sometimes been criticized by some experts who argue that the “safety agreements” have become an obstacle for stable NPPs operation and electricity supply. Since there are no studies which analyze the actual situations of local governments’ control on nuclear safety based on the “safety agreements,” we analyzed the situation by performing a qualitative survey and conducting a series of interview with personnel of the power companies and local governments. We found from our analysis that the “safety agreements” were utilized positively. For example, the inspection of NPPs by local government functions as an endorsement for the national regulation and assures public confidence. In this case the “safety agreements” promote and provide public acceptance on nuclear governance. However, the measures in these “safety agreements” could be over-extended in the political contexts because of the ambiguity and flexibility in the interpretation. In our paper, we would illustrate the merits and demerits of the role of local governments based on these “safety agreements” and suggest to improve the nuclear safety governance within the local governments’ capacity.
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Vasilyeva, L. P., O. A. Polyanskaya, V. V. Bespalova, and E. A. Okomina. "Accumulative Mortgage System of Housing Provision for Military Personnel in Russia: Problems and Solutions." In International Scientific and Practical Conference “Russia 2020 - a new reality: economy and society” (ISPCR 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210222.024.

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Craciun, D., and D. Geibel. "Evaluation of ancillary services provision capabilities from distributed energy supply." In 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.1156.

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Kritskaya, S. S., and N. A. Tarasenko. "FOOD SECURITY AND PROVISION OF CONFECTIONERY TO THE POPULATION." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.275-276.

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Today, issues related to food security and the provision of various segments of the population with confectionery products are becoming more and more important. To ensure food safety of confectionery products and increase production volumes, it is necessary to ensure the rational use of raw materials, the selection of highly qualified personnel, and the economy of scarce raw materials. Also, the introduction of non-traditional raw materials for the production of new types of mass-produced confectionery products, enriched with various protein substances, microelements, and organic fibers, plays a significant role.
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Petrichenko, K. A. "The main problems of personnel management in the light of the provision of educational services." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-12-2020-13.

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С позиции алгоритмического подхода в статье рассматривается спектр проблем управления персоналом в образовательной организации, для чего автор обращается к феномену концепта «образовательные услуги», что помогает выстроить стратегию управления современной образовательной организацией.
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Tarudin, N. F., N. E. Kordi, T. N. A. Tengku Aziz, and M. A. A. Adlan. "The inclination of oil and gas supply base personnel towards safety compliance." In ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5062678.

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Lipe, Mitchell, Noah Schwab, Nidal M. Jodeh, and Steven Brandt. "Range and Endurance Flight Test of the Isolated Personnel Supply System UAS." In AIAA AVIATION 2021 FORUM. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2800.

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Симакова, А., A. Simakova, И. Степусь, and I. Stepus'. "Russian Arctic Provision with Qualified Personnel: Graduates’ Migration Flows and Regions-Donors of for the Arctic Young Hr." In XXVII International Shore Conference "Arctic Coast: The Path to Sustainability". Academus Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5cebbc1d1114f5.45190569.

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Aktas, Emel, Zeynep Topaloglu, Zahir Irani, Amir Sharif, and Samsul Huda. "Food Provision to Food Security: How can we reduce waste on the supply side?" In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.sshapp2342.

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Helguero, Jorge, Argo Rosin, and Helmuth Biechl. "Provision of Ancillary Services of a Nanogrid in Grid Connected Mode." In 2019 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ) & 2019 Symposium on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics (SEEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pq.2019.8818255.

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Reports on the topic "Personnel supply and provision"

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Liang, Timothy T., Theodore J. Thompson, and Geoffrey L. Zimmerman. The Enlisted Personnel Allocation and Nomination System (EPANS): prototype for the Administrative/Deck/Supply Ratings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada175608.

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Berlinski, Samuel, María Marta Ferreyra, Luca Flabbi, and Juan David Martin. Child Care Markets, Parental Labor Supply, and Child Development. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002872.

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We develop and estimate a model of child care markets that endogenizes both demand and supply. On the demand side, families with a child make consumption, labor supply, and child-care decisions within a static, unitary household model. On the supply side, child care providers make entry, price, and quality decisions under monopolistic competition. Child development is a function of the time spent with each parent and at the child care center; these inputs vary in their impact. We estimate the structural parameters of the model using the 2003 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, which contains information on parental employment and wages, child care choices, child development, and center quality. We use our estimates to evaluate the impact of several policies, including vouchers, cash transfers, quality regulations, and public provision. Among these, a combination of quality regulation and vouchers for working families leads to the greatest gains in average child development and to a large expansion in child care use and female labor supply, all at a relatively low fiscal cost.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Stall, Nathan M., Allison McGeer, Antonina Maltsev, Isaac I. Bogoch, Kevin A. Brown, Gerald A. Evans, Fahad Razak, et al. The Impact of the Speed of Vaccine Rollout on COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Ontario Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.08.1.0.

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Key Message Accelerating the rollout of Ontario’s COVID-19 vaccine such that all LTC residents receive the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine by January 31, 2021, would prevent a projected 600 COVID-19 cases and 115 deaths by March 31, 2021 when compared with the province’s current plan to vaccinate all LTC residents by February 15, 2021. Projections indicate that further acceleration of the rollout would prevent even more COVID-19 cases and deaths. If vaccine supply is limited, the early provision of first doses of a COVID-19 vaccine to LTC home residents is likely to be more beneficial than the on-schedule provision of second doses to health care workers outside of LTC homes. All LTC residents should receive the second dose according to approved vaccination schedules.
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Lundgren, Anna, Alex Cuadrado, Mari Wøien Meijer, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdottir, Eeva Turunen, Viktor Salenius, Jukka Teräs, Jens Bjørn Gefke Grelck, and Stian Lundvall Berg. Skills Policies - Building Capacities for Innovative and Resilient Nordic Regions. Nordregio, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2020:17.1403-2503.

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Long-term trends in Nordic societies (such as ageing populations), along with rapid social transformations (like those brought about by automation and digitalisation), have resulted in increased attention being paid to skills and skills enhancement – not least from policymakers looking to cope with those challenges. However, skills are complex and many actors are involved in their promotion and provision. In this study, we focus on the regional level, which is the point of scale at which the demand for, and supply of, various skills is often articulated. In order to respond to the research question concerning How regions work with skills, six case studies were conducted in 2019 and 2020. That meant one case study in each of the Nordic countries. Those selected were Pohjois-Karjala (North Karelia, Finland), Värmland (Sweden), Hovedstaden (Denmark), Hedmark and Oppland (Norway), Norðurland eystra (Northeastern Region, Iceland), and one in Greenland. This report on skills for resilient and innovative regions is part of a series of reports conducted on behalf of the Nordic Thematic Group for Innovative and Resilient Regions 2017–2020, within the Nordics Cooperation Program for Regional Development and Planning, and under the aegis of the Nordics Council of Ministers.
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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