Journal articles on the topic 'Personnel protective equipment (PPE)'
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Reddy, Sujan C., Amy L. Valderrama, and David T. Kuhar. "Improving the Use of Personal Protective Equipment: Applying Lessons Learned." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_3 (September 13, 2019): S165—S170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz619.
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Abstract Unrecognized transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings can lead to colonization and infection of both patients and healthcare personnel. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is an important strategy to protect healthcare personnel from contamination and to prevent the spread of pathogens to subsequent patients. However, optimal PPE use is difficult, and healthcare personnel may alter delivery of care because of the PPE. Here, we summarize recent research from the Prevention Epicenters Program on healthcare personnel contamination and improvement of the routine use of PPE as well as Ebola-specific PPE. Future efforts to optimize the use of PPE should include increasing adherence to protocols for PPE use, improving PPE design, and further research into the risks, benefits, and best practices of PPE use.
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Yeung, RSD, JTS Chan, LLY Lee, and YL Chan. "The use of Personal Protective Equipment in Hazmat Incidents." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 9, no. 3 (July 2002): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102490790200900312.
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Medical personnel are at risk when handling victims of Hazmat incidents. Special clothing and respiratory equipment are required to protect them from absorbing these toxic materials through inhalation or through dermal contact. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refer to both clothing and equipment used to shield or isolate individuals from chemical, physical and biological hazards that may be encountered at a hazardous materials incident.1,2 No single type of PPE can protect all hazards and incorrect use can cause harm to the wearer. In general, the greater the protection, the greater the associated risks.2 Therefore, the level of PPE selected should be the one that can provide adequate level of protection.
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Hockaday, Sarah, Kate Krause, Catherine Sobieski, Jeffrey N. Li, Rachel Hurst, Benjamin Ryan, Michael Leader, et al. "Protocols for Personal Protective Equipment in a COVID-19 Medical Shelter." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 4 (July 14, 2020): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.244.
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AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly impacted health-care systems worldwide, leading to an unprecedented rise in demand for health-care resources. In anticipation of an acute strain on established medical facilities in Dallas, Texas, federal officials worked in conjunction with local medical personnel to convert a convention center into a Federal Medical Station capable of caring for patients affected by COVID-19. A 200,000 square foot event space was designated as a direct patient care area, with surrounding spaces repurposed to house ancillary services. Given the highly transmissible nature of the novel coronavirus, the donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) was of particular importance for personnel staffing the facility. Furthermore, nationwide shortages in the availability of PPE necessitated the reuse of certain protective materials. This article seeks to delineate the procedures implemented regarding PPE in the setting of a COVID-19 disaster response shelter, including workspace flow, donning and doffing procedures, PPE conservation, and exposure event protocols.
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Tarasov, L. A., A. A. Sukhova, and E. A. Shtukina. "Technical characteristics of modern skin personal protective equipment against adverse impacts of various hazards." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 3 (November 11, 2020): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-3-76-86.
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Relevance. Human industrial and economic activities and the related problem of emergency situations over the past decades require the new generation of skin personal protective equipment (PPE) with improved protective and ergonomic characteristics.Intention – To present technical and ergonomic characteristics of protective materials and modern skin PPE developed at the Kazan Chemical Research University.Methodology. Technical and ergonomic characteristics of universal protective insulating material LTL-1-2 and chemical protective fabrics FCM-P and TL-3 developed by employees the Kazan Chemical Research University are presented.Results and Discussion. According to the principle of protective action and the type of materials they are made of, there are filtering or insulating types of skin PPE. Insulating PPE is made of airtight materials (rubberized fabrics, polymer films) with extremely slow penetration of toxic and aggressive substances (both gaseous and liquid phases). Filtering PPE helps against chemical hazards (vapors, gases, fine aerosols and various types of dust). Air and vapor permeable materials are used for manufacturing special clothes against physical hazards (open flames, high-energy electromagnetic radiation, heat flows, etc.). Filtering PPE is normally used for routine operations in industries where exposure to harmful and dangerous factors is possible, or for accidents in areas that exclude exposure to the liquid phase. A fundamentally new combination type of skin PPE has protective properties of both categories.Conclusion. Modern protective materials and PPE made of these materials provide high protection, from a technical and ergonomics point of view, against various hazards for personnel of chemically hazardous industrial facilities.
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Drews, Frank A., Diane Mulvey, Kristina Stratford, Matthew H. Samore, and Jeanmarie Mayer. "Evaluation of a Redesigned Personal Protective Equipment Gown." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_3 (September 13, 2019): S199—S205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz520.
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Abstract Background In healthcare, the goal of personal protective equipment (PPE) is to protect healthcare personnel (HCP) and patients from body fluids and infectious organisms via contact, droplet, or airborne transmission. The critical importance of using PPE properly is highlighted by 2 potentially fatal viral infections, severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus and Ebola virus, where HCP became infected while caring for patients due to errors in the use of PPE. However, PPE in dealing with less dangerous, but highly infectious organisms is important as well. This work proposes a framework to test and evaluate PPE with a focus on gown design. Methods An observational study identified issues with potential for contamination related to gown use. After redesigning the existing gown, a high-fidelity patient simulator study with 40 HCP as participants evaluated the gown redesign using 2 commonly performed tasks. Variables of interest were nonadherence to procedural standards, use problems with the gown during task performance, and usability and cognitive task load ratings of the standard and redesigned gowns. Results While no differences were found in terms of nonadherence and use problems between the current and the redesigned gown, differences in usability and task load ratings suggested that the redesigned gown is perceived more favorably by HCP. Conclusions This work proposes a framework to guide the evaluation of PPE. The results suggest that the current design of the PPE gown can be improved in usability and user satisfaction. Although our data did not find an increase in adherence to protocol when using the redesigned gown, it is likely that higher usability and lower task load could result in higher adherence over longer periods of use.
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Tomas, Myreen E., Jennifer L. Cadnum, Thriveen S. C. Mana, Annette L. Jencson, Sreelatha Koganti, Heba Alhmidi, Sirisha Kundrapu, Venkata C. K. Sunkesula, and Curtis J. Donskey. "Utility of a Novel Reflective Marker Visualized by Flash Photography for Assessment of Personnel Contamination During Removal of Personal Protective Equipment." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 6 (March 15, 2016): 711–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.44.
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In an experimental study, the frequency of contamination of healthcare personnel during removal of contaminated personal protective equipment (PPE) was similar for bacteriophage MS2 and a novel reflective marker visualized using flash photography. The reflective marker could be a useful tool to visualize and document personnel contamination during PPE removal.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:711–713
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Mathew, Shibi, and Mathew Philip. "Personal Protective Equipment during Endoscopy." Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 11, no. 01 (March 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712344.
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AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which originated in China has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This virus gets transmitted through air droplets and direct contact. Health care workers doing aerosol-generating procedures are at a higher risk of acquiring the infection. Many procedures done by the gastrointestinal endoscopists are classified as aerosol-generating procedures, which in turn underline the need for proper safety precautions during these procedures. Apart from general safety measures advised by various organizations, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a pivotal factor in safeguarding health care personnel during endoscopy. This article provides a short overview of the different PPEs available and their proper use in endoscopy.
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Hajar, Zeina, Thriveen S. C. Mana, Myreen E. Tomas, Heba Alhmidi, Brigid M. Wilson, and Curtis J. Donskey. "A crossover trial comparing contamination of healthcare personnel during removal of a standard gown versus a modified gown with increased skin coverage at the hands and wrists." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 11 (August 22, 2019): 1278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.211.
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AbstractIn a crossover trial, a gown designed to increase skin coverage at the hands and wrists significantly reduced contamination of personnel during personal protective equipment (PPE) removal, and education on donning and doffing technique further reduced contamination. Simple modifications of PPE and education can reduce contamination during PPE removal.
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Samoylov, A., Yu Udalov, V. Rubcov, V. Zinoviev, I. Olenina, A. Timoshenko, V. Andreev, et al. "Radiation Treatment of Protective Overalls and Selection of Personal Protection Equipment for the Personnel Exposed to Coronavirus Infection." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 65, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-85-94.
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Purpose: The article covers issues related to providing personal protection equipment (PPE) for medical staff exposed to coronavirus (or similar infection) in the face of global pandemic and insufficient supply of infectious hospitals with disposable overalls. As many polymeric materials used to make such overalls do not feature required thermal stability and consequently they cannot be treated with heat disinfection, radiation treatment of protective overalls with electron accelerators for the purpose of their reuse was considered. Due to rich experience in addressing the issues of providing high-efficient, physiologically acceptable PPE for the personnel of radiation and chemical hazardous facilities, in particular during Chernobyl nuclear disaster elimination, the Laboratory of PPE for the Personnel of Hazardous Production Facilities, Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, could extend methods of assessment and techniques of human protection against high-toxic substances to establishment of protection against microbiological threats.
Results: The article provides results of analysis and tests of materials for overalls and respiratory PPE currently in use. Based on the material tests for radiation stability, air permeability, liquid penetration and protective properties with respect to aerosols, recommendations for improvement of efficiency and comfort of the PPE suite have been developed.
Conclusion: The study showed feasibility of reusing overalls after radiation treatment. However, such treatment is appropriate only in periods of major emergencies during peacetime and wartime, when there are no production capabilities for manufacturing of new products. Location of the irradiation facility in the vicinity of consumers (e.g. medical institutions) is a prerequisite for this treatment. It should be emphasized that radiation treatment must be performed under strict supervision of accredited test facilities.
Further research is required for development and enhancement of PPE and system of its application. This will allow to make longtime wear of PPE more comfortable without sacrificing its protective efficiency and develop a manual on product-specific radiation treatment.
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Rubtsov, V. I., Vladimir N. Klochkov, A. B. Trebukhin, A. Yu Nefedov, L. I. Tyuneeva, and E. V. Klochkova. "PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT FOR THE PERSONNEL OF RADIATION HAZARDOUS FACILITIES." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 9 (March 27, 2019): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-9-874-878.
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The article covers issues related to the specifics of requirements for the personal protection equipment (PPE) in the field of the nuclear power usage, and briefly describes the history of the PPE evolvement. This work was performed by the employees of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre (former Institute of biophysics) which has been creating and enhancing PPE for the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities for more than 60 years. Successes of the PPE developers include the creation of the light respirator “ShB-1 Lepestok” which has been in use since 1950s till now in almost all industries, energy engineering, agriculture, medicine, etc., as well as the development of materials, structures, technology of manufacturing and practical application of reusable, decontaminable, physiologically acceptable insulating suits, fresh-air horse respiratory PPE, decontaminable basic and supplementary overalls and safety footwear for the personnel of nuclear industry and energetics. The system of the personal protection from radiation exposure has been proved during rectification of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl NPP. The article examines interim results of major transformation of the personal protection system for the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities in the beginning of 21st century. At the present time efforts on the creation of the PPE standardization and certification system in nuclear industry become regular again. Interstate and national standards regulating requirements and test methods for PPE and materials for its manufacturing, as well as the Technical Regulations “Safety of the personal protection equipment” have been both developed and put in practice. Methods of testing PPE with substances specific to the nuclear industry are being developed, and the Rosatom’s PPE certification system is being formed.
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Cheng, Lin, Lei Chen, Li Xiao, Jianping Zhang, Yilian Cheng, Lian Zhou, Yu Peng, and Lei Liu. "Problems and solutions of personal protective equipment doffing in COVID-19." Open Medicine 15, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0172.
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AbstractThe progress of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still severe. While everyone has been striving very hard to combat the pandemic, some healthcare professionals have shown varying degrees of infection symptoms and even died. The Chinese Army Medical Aid Team arrived in Wuhan on January 25, 2020, and quickly entered the battle against the pandemic after a short and rigorous training. As one of the earliest medical teams to enter the pandemic area, researchers have been exploring effective infection control measures that are currently in practice. Through observation and research, it has been noticed that layers of protective equipment have a hidden danger of infection while protecting the safety of the personnel. The members of each medical team have typically focused on the standard use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, after a long period of intensive diagnosis and treatment in clinics and due to physical exertion and tiredness, problems such as improper operation are prone to occur during the tedious PPE doffing, thereby producing a relatively high risk of infection. This study primarily analyzes PPE doffing procedures, existing problems, and measures for improvement to explore methods to improve PPE donning and doffing and reduce the risk of infection.
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Artanto, Ardi, Ratih Pratiwi, and Hilma Tri Ayu Rizda. "The Relationship between Knowledge with Doctors and Nurses’ Compliance Level to Use PPE in Hospital Surgery Room during Pandemic Era." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v7i3.23875.
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Hospitals are not only as a place of treatment, but also as a health service facility that can be a source of infection for other people. Doctors, nurses and other medical personnel are often exposed to potential hazards in hospitals, thus requiring protection in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, compliance with the use of PPE is not always high, which makes doctors and nurses more vulnerable to risk of occupational diseases in hospitals. In one of conducted studies, the conditions that were less compliant in using PPE for health workers were 30%. One of the things that might affect this level of compliance is knowledge about PPE. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and compliance level to use personal protective equipment among doctors and nurses in operating room installation from a private hospital in 2020. Analytic observational by using cross sectional research design was used in this study. The population were all doctors and nurses at operating room installation of mentioned hospital above. Sampling was taken by total sampling method and 26 samples met the inclusion criteria. In this study, there were 23 respondents (88.5%) obeyed the use of personal protective equipment, meanwhile 3 respondents (11.5%) who did not. The 3 respondents were on loop or circular nurses. So, there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and compliance in the use of personal protective equipment with p-value = 0.027and OR=44.
Keywords: personal protective equipment, knowledge level, compliance level
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Harrod, Molly, Laura Petersen, Lauren E. Weston, Lynn Gregory, Jeanmarie Mayer, Matthew H. Samore, Frank A. Drews, and Sarah L. Krein. "Understanding Workflow and Personal Protective Equipment Challenges Across Different Healthcare Personnel Roles." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_3 (September 13, 2019): S185—S191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz527.
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Abstract Background Hospitals use standard and transmission-based precautions, including personal protective equipment (PPE), to prevent the spread of infectious organisms. However, little attention has been paid to the potentially unique challenges of various healthcare personnel (HCP) in following precaution practices. Methods From September through December 2016, 5 physicians, 5 nurses, and 4 physical therapists were shadowed for 1 hour 30 minutes to 3 hours 15 minutes at an academic medical center. Observers documented activities using unstructured field notes. Focus groups were conducted to better understand HCP perspectives about precautions and PPE-related challenges. Data were analyzed by comparing workflow and challenges (observed and stated) in precaution practices across HCP roles. Results Precaution patients were interspersed throughout physician rounds, which covered a broad geographic range throughout the hospital. Patient encounters were generally brief, and appropriate use of gowns and cleaning of personal stethoscopes varied among observed physicians. Nurses were unit based and frequently entered/exited rooms. Frustration with donning/doffing was especially apparent when needing supplies while in a precaution room, which nurses acknowledged was a time when practice lapses could occur. The observed physical therapists worked in one geographic location, spent extended periods of time with patients, and noted that given their close physical contact with patients, gowns do not fully protect them. Conclusions Movement patterns, time with patients, care activities, and equipment use varied across HCP, leading to a diverse set of challenges in following precaution practices and PPE use. Attention to these differences among HCP is important for understanding and developing effective strategies to prevent the potential spread of infectious organisms.
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Burns, J. Bracken, Richard Branson, Stephen L. Barnes, and Betty J. Tsuei. "Emergency Airway Placement by EMS Providers: Comparison between the King LT Supralaryngeal Airway and Endotracheal Intubation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 1 (February 2010): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007743.
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AbstractIntroduction:The ever-present risk of mass casualties and disaster situations may result in airway management situations that overwhelm local emergency medical services (EMS) resources. Endotracheal intubation requires significant user education/training and carries the risk of malposition. Furthermore, personal protective equipment (PPE) required in hazardous environments may decrease dexterity and hinder timely airway placement. Alternative airway devices may be beneficial in these situations.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the time needed to place the King LT Supralaryngeal Airway compared to endotracheal intubation when performed by community EMS personnel with and without PPE.Methods:Following training, 47 EMS personnel were timed placing both endotracheal tubes and the King LT supralaryngeal airway in a simulator mannikin. The study participants then repeated this exercise wearing PPE.Results:The EMS personnel wearing PPE took significantly longer to place an endotracheal tube than they did without protective equipment (53.4 seconds and 39.5 seconds, p <0.002). The time to place the King LT was significantly faster than the placement of the endotracheal tube without protective equipment (18.4 seconds and 39.5 seconds, respectively, p<0.00003). There also were statistically significant differences between the time required to place the King LT and endotracheal tube in EMS personnel wearing protective equipment (19.7 seconds and 53.4 seconds, p <0.000007).Conclusions:The King LT Supralaryngeal Airway device may be advantageous in prehospital airway management situations involving multiple patients or hazardous environments. In this study, its insertion was faster than endotracheal intubation when performed by community EMS providers.
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Mana, Thriveen S. C., Myreen E. Tomas, Jennifer L. Cadnum, Annette L. Jencson, Christina T. Piedrahita, and Curtis J. Donskey. "A Randomized Trial of Two Cover Gowns Comparing Contamination of Healthcare Personnel During Removal of Personal Protective Equipment." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.249.
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In a randomized trial, a gown designed to allow easy removal at the neck and with increased skin coverage and snugness of fit at the wrist significantly reduced contamination of personnel during personal protective equipment (PPE) removal. Our results suggest that simple modifications of PPE can reduce contamination of personnel.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:97–100
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Kroo, Laurel, Anesta Kothari, Melanie Hannebelle, George Herring, Thibaut Pollina, Ray Chang, Dominic Peralta, et al. "Modified full-face snorkel masks as reusable personal protective equipment for hospital personnel." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): e0244422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244422.
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Here we adapt and evaluate a full-face snorkel mask for use as personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care workers, who lack appropriate alternatives during the COVID-19 crisis in the spring of 2020. The design (referred to as Pneumask) consists of a custom snorkel-specific adapter that couples the snorkel-port of the mask to a rated filter (either a medical-grade ventilator inline filter or an industrial filter). This design has been tested for the sealing capability of the mask, filter performance, CO2 buildup and clinical usability. These tests found the Pneumask capable of forming a seal that exceeds the standards required for half-face respirators or N95 respirators. Filter testing indicates a range of options with varying performance depending on the quality of filter selected, but with typical filter performance exceeding or comparable to the N95 standard. CO2 buildup was found to be roughly equivalent to levels found in half-face elastomeric respirators in literature. Clinical usability tests indicate sufficient visibility and, while speaking is somewhat muffled, this can be addressed via amplification (Bluetooth voice relay to cell phone speakers through an app) in noisy environments. We present guidance on the assembly, usage (donning and doffing) and decontamination protocols. The benefit of the Pneumask as PPE is that it is reusable for longer periods than typical disposable N95 respirators, as the snorkel mask can withstand rigorous decontamination protocols (that are standard to regular elastomeric respirators). With the dire worldwide shortage of PPE for medical personnel, our conclusions on the performance and efficacy of Pneumask as an N95-alternative technology are cautiously optimistic.
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Visnovsky, Lindsay D., Yue Zhang, Molly K. Leecaster, Nasia Safdar, Lauren Barko, Candace Haroldsen, Diane L. Mulvey, et al. "Effectiveness of a multisite personal protective equipment (PPE)–free zone intervention in acute care." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 7 (June 7, 2019): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.111.
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AbstractObjective:Determine the effectiveness of a personal protective equipment (PPE)-free zone intervention on healthcare personnel (HCP) entry hand hygiene (HH) and PPE donning compliance in rooms of patients in contact precautions.Design:Quasi-experimental, multicenter intervention, before-and-after study with concurrent controls.Setting:All patient rooms on contact precautions on 16 units (5 medical-surgical, 6 intensive care, 5 specialty care units) at 3 acute-care facilities (2 academic medical centers, 1 Veterans Affairs hospital). Observations of PPE donning and entry HH compliance by HCP were conducted during both study phases. Surveys of HCP perceptions of the PPE-free zone were distributed in both study phases.Intervention:A PPE-free zone, where a low-risk area inside door thresholds of contact precautions rooms was demarcated by red tape on the floor. Inside this area, HCP were not required to wear PPE.Results:We observed 3,970 room entries. HH compliance did not change between study phases among intervention units (relative risk [RR], 0.92; P = .29) and declined in control units (RR, 0.70; P = .005); however, the PPE-free zone did not significantly affect compliance (P = .07). The PPE-free zone effect on HH was significant only for rooms on enteric precautions (P = .008). PPE use was not significantly different before versus after the intervention (P = .15). HCP perceived the zone positively; 65% agreed that it facilitated communication and 66.8% agreed that it permitted checking on patients more frequently.Conclusions:HCP viewed the PPE-free zone favorably and it did not adversely affect PPE or HH compliance. Future infection prevention interventions should consider the complex sociotechnical system factors influencing behavior change.
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Visnovsky, Lindsay, Diane Mulvey, Yue Zhang, Molly Leecaster, Curtis J. Donskey, Sarah L. Krein, Nasia Safdar, et al. "1728. Effectiveness and Healthcare Personnel (HCP) Perceptions of a Multi-Site Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Free Zone Intervention." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S55—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.134.
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Abstract Background CDC provides guidelines for using contact precautions (CP) when caring for patients with antibiotic-resistant bacteria or Clostridium difficile. However, HCP frequently report discomfort, difficulty of use, and interrupted workflow with CP. Modifying CP guidelines to balance these issues requires testing to assess benefits and maintenance of safe practices. A promising approach using a “PPE Free Zone” strategy within rooms of patients in CP has not been well-studied. Methods The PPE Free Zone comprised a 3–6 foot area inside door thresholds of CP patient rooms denoted by red tape placed on the floor. Within the zone, HCP were not required to don PPE. HCP were considered compliant if they performed hand hygiene (HH) and donned appropriate PPE before crossing the zone. Observers at 6 acute care facilities (ACF) were trained on observing HCP HH and use of PPE with CP. Observations were made before and after implementation of a PPE Free Zone. Intervention ACF conducted observations on 8 intervention units and 6 nonintervention units. Models of overall compliance and entry HH compliance were constructed using a generalized linear-mixed effects model with a logistic link function. Pre-intervention observations from all 6 ACF and intervention phase observations from the 3 intervention ACF were used in models. Results We observed 4,510 room entries. HH adherence declined over time in both intervention and control units but declined less among intervention units from pre to post intervention (β: 0.71, P = 0.007, Figure 1). Stratified by precautions type, the effect of the PPE Free Zone on HH was only significant for rooms in enteric precautions (P < 0.001). Compliance with PPE use was not significantly different pre- versus postintervention (P = 0.133). When surveyed, HCP had positive views of the PPE Free Zone: 65% (n = 172) agreed or strongly agreed the zone facilitates communication with patients, permits checking on patients more frequently, and saves time [n = 169] (Figure 2). Conclusion Although HCP viewed the zone positively and it had a significant effect on HH in enteric precautions rooms, the zone did not improve PPE compliance. Future interventions in the ACF setting should consider the complex sociotechnical system factors influencing behavior change. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Waren, Annes, Ratih Ayunigtiyas, Tyagita Widya Sari, and Aradana Wahyuda. "Relationship Between Knowledge And Behavior Of Personnel Protective Equipment Usage With Contact Dermatitis In Oil Palm Pesticide Workers." Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 6, no. 2 (October 2, 2020): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol6.iss2.538.
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Taylor et al., 2008 reported that 80% of occupational dermatoses were contact dermatitis. One of the chemicals that can cause skin disorders is pesticides that are often used in the community, especially oil palm plantation companies (PKS). The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is one risk control for contact dermatitis in workers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and behavior of PPE usage with contact dermatitis in oil palm pesticide workers. The research design used was cross-sectional using a total sampling technique that is all workers giving oil palm pesticides in one PKS company in a district of 37 people. The variables used were contact dermatitis obtained from workers' medical records, knowledge using questionnaire instruments, and PPE usage behavior through observation for 3 days with random time. The results showed that 62.2% of workers giving oil pesticides had contact dermatitis, there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of the use of PPE and contact dermatitis (p value = 0.001) and there was a significant relationship between the behavior of PPE use with contact dermatitis (p value = 0,000) giver of palm pesticides. To reduce the occurrence of contact dermatitis can be done by increasing the knowledge and behavior of using PPE.
Keywords : Contact dermatitis, pesticide, personnel protective equipment, palm oil
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Hong-Xia, Luo, Zhang Hui-lan, You Jian-Ping, and Yang Sha. "A Study on the Process of Donning and Doffing Personal Protective Equipment of Health Care Workers (HCWs) in China." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003868.
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Introduction:Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a necessary item in the period of unknown and high risk emerging infectious disease. It is not only the necessary requirement of strict isolation but also the last line of defense to protect medical staff.Aim:To determine the frequency and sites of contamination of personnel during the process of using Chinese PPE.Methods:Recruit 56 health care workers (HCWs) who worked in front-line clinical to test PPE issued by the Chinese Center for Disease Control for preventing Ebola virus. Eight batches of HCWs were divided to conduct simulations of contaminated PPE removal using fluorescent lotion. Then the frequency and sites of contamination of personnel were recorded after removal of contaminated PPE. The method of visual observation was used to determine contamination.Results:The frequency of easily contaminated parts included: left hand and wrist (7 times), left calf (7 times), front chest center, left and right chest (6 times each), and left abdomen (5 times). Mistakes in the process of wearing PPE included: clothing touching the ground (20.00%), N95 air mask tightness not checked (13.33%), glove air-tightness not checked (4.44%), protective clothing zipper not checked (4.44%). Mistakes in doffing PPE included: clothes touching the ground or the inner surface is polluted (20.00%), the wrong method of removing N95 mask (14.44%), touching the pollution goggles mirror with hands (12.22%), incomplete washing steps, insufficient time and frequency of hand hygiene (11.11%).Discussion:It is necessary to carry out training on PPE donning and doffing for Chinese medical workers.
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B, Niharika, Suchitra R, Shreenivas Shouri, and Posina Priyanka. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge and Practice with Regard to Personal Protective Equipment in Covid-19 Management among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Center of Ananthapuram District, Andhra Pradesh." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 24 (June 14, 2021): 2011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/378.
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BACKGROUND The healthcare personnel are the first ones to get exposed to corona virus disease (COVID 19) infection while serving the patients in the hospital. Correct knowledge and practice regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) kit usage is the need of the hour which acts as a barrier for infection. The level of knowledge on PPE, method of guidance and the perceived need for PPE by healthcare personnel play an important role in controlling the infections in hospital settings. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Covid Care Center of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Ananthapuramu district among healthcare staff using a pre-structured closed-ended questionnaire regarding socio-demographic details and usage of personal protective equipment. The score obtained was classified as good if the score ranges from 6 to 8 & poor if the score is from 0 to 5. RESULTS 28 out of 64 subjects (43.7 %) had good knowledge & practice regarding PPE kit usage. Majority of them had given correct responses for PPE kit components, wearing masks and disposal of PPE while most of them scored poorly in donning and doffing steps, wearing gloves and foot covers. CONCLUSIONS Most of the study subjects had good knowledge regarding wearing masks, PPE kit components, & method of disposal of PPE. Majority of them did not know the correct steps for donning & doffing of PPE & wearing gloves. Most of the doctors did not even have adequate knowledge on appropriate usage and disposal of PPE. As per the study, neither gender nor job title could determine the level of knowledge & practice of PPE kit. Well planned training sessions for health care workers (HCWs) regarding the steps of donning and doffing of PPE, correct method of disposal of PPE & using right substitutes is important. KEYWORDS PPE Kit, Healthcare, Donning, Doffing
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Supardiyono, Supardiyono, and Pudjijuniarto Pudjijuniarto. "Pengembangan Sterilisator Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) Bagi Tenaga Medis Pasien Covid-19 Berbasis IoT." Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Technology (INAJET) 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/inajet.v4n1.p34-40.
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To avoid the bad possibility of contracting Covid-19, the PPE used by medical personnel must be sterile. Sterilization is carried out to remove all microorganisms attached to PPE when handling Covid-19 patients. The specific purpose of this research is to design and build a personal protective equipment (PPE) sterilizer for Covid-19 patients by combining 3 technologies, namely UV sterilization, ozonation, and heater. The methods used to build personal protective equipment (PPE) sterilizers for medical staff for Covid-19 patients are as follows: 1) Formulating problems related to PPE for medical personnel for Covid-19 patients in hospitals, 2) Determining the method, namely designing PPE sterilizers consisting of: stages: preparation, design, manufacture, assembly, function testing and implementation, 3) adding UV, ozone and heating sterilizers as sterilization units 4) developing chamber units and racks/trays that can be knocked down and designed for automatic models, 5) control PPE sterilization time and temperature control system. Based on the research that has been done, it can be said as follows: 1) All components of the PPE Sterilization Tool work well, 2) The UV lamp used in this tool is a 30W Philips T8 UV lamp with a radiation value of 100 W/cm2, the highest lamp efficiency value at a lamp temperature of 400 C with 100% efficiency., 3) A suitable temperature for sterilization with a UV lamp is in the range from 400 to 800 C, 4) When sterilization is based on a “Dry Heat” temperature, the optimum is in the range of 600 – 800 C.
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Rubcov, V., A. Trebuhin, A. Nefedov, E. Klochkova, I. Olenina, and V. Zinoviev. "Current Issues of Providing the Personnel of the Radiation Hazardous Facilities with Personal Protection Equipment." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 66, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-1-25-28.
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Purpose: The article covers issues related to the providing personal protection for the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities. Specific character of working conditions at the enterprises in the field of atomic energy use is caused by extremely high toxic level of radioactive substances and the fact that there is no human sense organ which can identify dangerous levels of radiation exposure. Establishment of mandatory requirements for manufacturing, identification and verification of personal protection equipment (PPE) in the field of atomic energy use is needed because using of low-quality PPE and PPE not complying with working conditions poses a risk for the health of workers. The article provides results of analysis of the regulatory frameworks, both current and under development, which set the requirements for PPE.
Results: Since 2017 Rosatom is executing plans for development of series of industry standards specifying requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use and methods of their testing. More than 25 interstate and national standards on PPE were included in the Summary list of standardization documents in the field of atomic energy use. PPE was included in the list of products subject to mandatory certification and having requirements for safety assurance in the field of atomic energy use specified.
Industry and national standards establishing requirements for PPE protecting from tritium, radioactive noble gases, radioactive iodine, high-toxic alpha-emitting radionuclides, as well as standards on methods of their testing are planned to be developed soon.
Conclusion: The system of standardizing requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use being created, together with existing system of certification of PPE in the field of atomic energy use will help to increase effectiveness of personal protection of the personnel at radiation and chemical hazardous facilities in nuclear industry.
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Oygar, Pembe Derin, Ayşe Büyükçam, Zümrüt Şahbudak Bal, Nazan Dalgıç, Şefika Elmas Bozdemir, Adem Karbuz, Benhur Şirvan Çetin, et al. "Education of Healthcare Personnel Working with Pediatric Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic within the Framework of Infection Control." Journal of Pediatric Infection 54, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/ced.202061.
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Objective: In the early stages of any epidemic caused by new emerging pathogens healthcare personnel is subject to a great risk. Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, proved to be no exception. Many healthcare workers died in the early stages of pandemic due to inadequate precautions and insufficient protection. It is essential to protect and maintain the safety of healthcare personnel for the confinement of pandemic as well as continuity of qualified healthcare services which is already under strain. Educating healthcare personnel on appropiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is as essential as procuring them. Material and Methods: A survey is conducted on 4927 healthcare personnel working solely with pediatric patients from 32 different centers. Education given on PPE usage were questioned and analyzed depending on age, sex, occupation and region. Results: Among four thousand nine hundred twelve healthcare personnel from 32 different centers 91% (n= 4457) received education on PPE usage. Of those who received education only 36% was given both theoretical and applied education. Although there was no differences among different occupation groups, receiving education depended on regions. Conclusion: It is essential to educate healthcare personnel appropiately nationwidely for the continuity of qualified healthcare services during the pandemic.
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Oygar, Pembe Derin, Ayşe Büyükçam, Zümrüt Şahbudak Bal, Nazan Dalgıç, Şefika Elmas Bozdemir, Adem Karbuz, Benhur Şirvan Çetin, et al. "COVID-19 Pandemisinde Enfeksiyon Kontrol Çalışmaları Çerçevesinde Çocuk Hastalarla Çalışan Sağlık Personeli Eğitimi." Journal of Pediatric Infection 54, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/ced.70235.
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Objective: In the early stages of any epidemic caused by new emerging pathogens healthcare personnel is subject to a great risk. Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, proved to be no exception. Many healthcare workers died in the early stages of pandemic due to inadequate precautions and insufficient protection. It is essential to protect and maintain the safety of healthcare personnel for the confinement of pandemic as well as continuity of qualified healthcare services which is already under strain. Educating healthcare personnel on appropiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is as essential as procuring them. Material and Methods: A survey is conducted on 4927 healthcare personnel working solely with pediatric patients from 32 different centers. Education given on PPE usage were questioned and analyzed depending on age, sex, occupation and region. Results: Among four thousand nine hundred twelve healthcare personnel from 32 different centers 91% (n= 4457) received education on PPE usage. Of those who received education only 36% was given both theoretical and applied education. Although there was no differences among different occupation groups, receiving education depended on regions. Conclusion: It is essential to educate healthcare personnel appropiately nationwidely for the continuity of qualified healthcare services during the pandemic.
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Martínez-Reyes, Andrés, Carlos L. Quintero-Araújo, and Elyn L. Solano-Charris. "Supplying Personal Protective Equipment to Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Colombia. A Simheuristic Approach Based on the Location-Routing Problem." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147822.
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The coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, has generated an imminent necessity for personal protective equipment (PPE) that became essential for all populations and much more for health centers, clinics, hospitals, and intensive care units (ICUs). Considering this fact, one of the main issues for cities’ governments is the distribution of PPE to ICUs to ensure the protection of medical personnel and, therefore, the sustainability of the health system. Aware of this challenge, in this paper, we propose a simheuristic approach for supplying personal protective equipment to intensive care units which is based on the location-routing problem (LRP). The objective is to provide decision makers with a decision support tool that considers uncertain demands, distribution cost, and reliability in the solutions. To validate our approach, a case study in Bogotá, Colombia was analyzed. Computational results show the efficiency of the usage of alternative safety stock policies to face demand uncertainty in terms of both expected stochastic costs and reliabilities.
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Razak, Nur Syifaa, and Rahmah Mohamed. "Antimicrobial sustainable biopolymers for biomedical plastics applications – an overview." Polimery 66, no. 11-12 (December 23, 2021): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2021.11.2.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has increased the need for personal protective equipment (PPE), especially for medical personnel: face masks, full protective clothing, gloves and goggles. To date, they are usually made of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene (PP). To reduce the risk of secondary infections it is essential to enhance the antimicrobial (especially antibacterial and antiviral) properties of the materials used in PPE. There are some attempts to modify materials by, for example, silver nanoparticles or zinc oxides. The increasing demand for personal protective equipment, mostly masks, leads to an increase of environmental problem of non-biodegradable wastes. Therefore some researches on use of safer for user’s health sustainable antimicrobial and biodegradable biopolymer fibers, such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), have been done. These biopolymers and their properties are discussed in this article.
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Sesilia Fransiska, Sesilia, and Dewi Purnamawati. "Compliance With The Use of Personal Protective Equipment Against The Transmission of Covid-19 in Medical Personnel." Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53947/miphmp.v1i1.93.
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Hospitals are included in the criteria for workplaces with hazards that can have an impact on health, both for health workers as well as for visitors and hospital patients, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, compliance and completeness of the use of PPE, especially in the Covid19 isolation room is very important. This research is a descriptive observational study, with a population and sample of 16 people. The survey was conducted using a developed questionnaire. Data collection was carried out using instruments in the form of questionnaires and observation checklist sheets. The survey was conducted using a developed questionnaire. Compliance and completeness of the use of PPE for inpatients in COVID-19 isolation at FMC Hospital is 100%. The respondents which are medical staff use complete level 3 PPE which consists of eye protection and face shield, head cover/head cap, N95 mask or equivalent, Coverall / Gown/apron, sterile rubber surgical gloves disposable, boots/rubber boots. But the incidence of COVID-19 transmission is 40% for inpatients medical staff in isolation for COVID-19. The possibility of transmission does not come from the workplace but can occur in daily routines and social activities. Compliance and completeness in the use of PPE for inpatients in COVID-19 isolation in FMC Hospital are high (100%), the incidence of being infected with COVID-19 in medical personnel does not only occur in the work environment.
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Suppan, Laurent, Mohamed Abbas, Loric Stuby, Philippe Cottet, Robert Larribau, Eric Golay, Anne Iten, Stephan Harbarth, Birgit Gartner, and Mélanie Suppan. "Effect of an E-Learning Module on Personal Protective Equipment Proficiency Among Prehospital Personnel: Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (August 21, 2020): e21265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21265.
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Background To avoid misuse of personal protective equipment (PPE), ensure health care workers’ safety, and avoid shortages, effective communication of up-to-date infection control guidelines is essential. As prehospital teams are particularly at risk of contamination given their challenging work environment, a specific gamified electronic learning (e-learning) module targeting this audience might provide significant advantages as it requires neither the presence of learners nor the repetitive use of equipment for demonstration. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a gamified e-learning module could improve the rate of adequate PPE choice by prehospital personnel in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods This was an individual-level randomized, controlled, quadruple-blind (investigators, participants, outcome assessors, and data analysts) closed web-based trial. All emergency prehospital personnel working in Geneva, Switzerland, were eligible for inclusion, and were invited to participate by email in April 2020. Participants were informed that the study aim was to assess their knowledge regarding PPE, and that they would be presented with both the guidelines and the e-learning module, though they were unaware that there were two different study paths. All participants first answered a preintervention quiz designed to establish their profile and baseline knowledge. The control group then accessed the guidelines before answering a second set of questions, and were then granted access to the e-learning module. The e-learning group was shown the e-learning module right after the guidelines and before answering the second set of questions. Results Of the 291 randomized participants, 176 (60.5%) completed the trial. There was no significant difference in baseline knowledge between groups. Though the baseline proportion of adequate PPE choice was high (75%, IQR 50%-75%), participants’ description of the donning sequence was in most cases incorrect. After either intervention, adequate choice of PPE increased significantly in both groups (P<.001). Though the median of the difference in the proportion of correct answers was slightly higher in the e-learning group (17%, IQR 8%-33% versus 8%, IQR 8%-33%), the difference was not statistically significant (P=.27). Confidence in the ability to use PPE was maintained in the e-learning group (P=.27) but significantly decreased in the control group (P=.04). Conclusions Among prehospital personnel with an already relatively high knowledge of and experience with PPE use, both web-based study paths increased the rate of adequate choice of PPE. There was no major added value of the gamified e-learning module apart from preserving participants' confidence in their ability to correctly use PPE.
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Panse, Shweta, Muralidhar Kanchi, Jose Chacko, Srinath Kumar T. S., Ranganatha Ramanjaneya, Viju Wilben, Arjun Alva, and Deviprasad Shetty. "Intensive Care Unit Setup for COVID-19." Journal of Cardiac Critical Care TSS 04, no. 01 (June 18, 2020): 05–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713548.
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AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic has become a challenge to all the healthcare systems in the world. Urgent creation of an intensive care unit (ICU) for the same is the need of the hour. The ideal ICU for COVID -19 should be isolated, fully equipped with invasive and noninvasive monitoring, with 24/7 trained medical personnel, nursing staff and laboratory support. As the coronavirus infection is transmitted by droplets and is highly contagious, protection of healthcare workers is crucial. Personnel working inside the ICU should get personal protective equipment (PPE). Strict guidelines for donning and doffing of PPE should be followed to prevent cross-contamination. Respiratory failure being the commonest complication of COVID-19, knowing the ventilator management for the same is essential. It is of great importance to meticulously manage all the resources to combat this contagion.
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Lee, Michael. "Recent Developments in Australian Aluminium Casthouse Personal Protective Clothing." Materials Science Forum 630 (October 2009): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.630.19.
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Abstract With the recent release of the Victorian WorkSafe Authority Foundries Compliance Code [1] it is appropriate that Australian Aluminium cast houses, die casting shops and foundries review the status of their personal protective clothing/ equipment (PPE) and practices. Since the issuing of the Foundry Code of Practice [2] in 1986 and the issuing of the new Compliance Code in September 2008 there has been a significant change in the range of PPE utilised in cast houses. This change has been brought about as a result of the advancement in the design and development of the materials used, extensive industry experience and collaboration. The choice of appropriate PPE is also guided by the range and impact of injuries sustained in cast houses. This paper aims to highlight the number of PPE advancements and range of experiences gained between the writing of the Foundry Code of Practice and Foundry Compliance Code as well as to serve as a reference for future improvements for the protection of cast house personnel.
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McCann-Pineo, Molly, Timmy Li, Paul Barbara, Brian Levinsky, and Jonathan Berkowitz. "Factors Influencing Use of Personal Protective Equipment Among Emergency Medical Services Responders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Chart Review." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 23, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2022.2.55217.
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Introduction: The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a salient component of reducing occupational risk in many fields. Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel use PPE to reduce risk of exposure and defend against various pathogens they come in contact with while providing patient care. Currently, the understanding of factors that predict the use of PPE by an EMS responder during a pandemic is limited. In this study our objective was to identify factors that influenced PPE use by EMS responders during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may guide future planning for responders in similar austere or personal risk situations. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review among all EMS encounters across an EMS agency affiliated with a large New York health system from March 16–June 30, 2020. All adult, emergency encounters with available prehospital record data were analyzed. We assessed patient- and EMS encounter-level data as possible factors that influence PPE utilization. The use of PPE was defined and guided by the literature as being either full or partial PPE, or “not documented.” We used multinomial logistic regression to identify factors that influence PPE use among EMS responders. Results: We identified 28,693 eligible EMS encounters during the study period; 54.2% of patients were male, the median patient age was 58 years, and 66.9% of patients had at least one chronic medical condition. The use of PPE was documented in 92.8% of encounters, with full PPE used in 17.8% of these encounters. Full PPE utilization, relative to partial, was most strongly influenced by dispatch codes indicative of “breathing problems” (odds ratio [OR] 4.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.40, 5.46) and “cardiac/respiratory arrest” (OR 3.82; 95% CI: 2.99, 4.88), in addition to a patient’s positive screening for COVID-19 on 9-1-1 dispatch (OR 3.97; 95% CI: 3.66, 4.32). Conclusion: Emergency medical services responders more frequently used full PPE for calls with dispatch codes indicative of respiratory distress or cardiac arrest. Understanding factors that influence PPE use among EMS personnel, particularly during times of public health emergencies, is essential to mitigate exposure and ensure the safety of frontline responders.
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Pandit, AP, Neha Bhagatkar, and Mallika Ramachandran. "Personal Protective Equipment used for Infection Control in Dental Practices." International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration 3, no. 1 (2015): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1030.
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ABSTRACT The potential size of India's dental market is vast and is expected to become one of the largest single country markets for overseas dental products and materials. The total market for the dental equipment and materials is estimated to be around US$ 90 million annually. There are more than 1, 80,000 dental professionals in India, 297 dental institutes and over 5,000 dental laboratories. Thus, there is a huge potential for the market of personal protective equipment (PPE) used for infection control in dentistry. India's market for dental products is extremely dynamic, with a current estimated growth rate of between 25 and 30%. Overall, the dental market is expected to grow by 20%.1 The personal protective equipment used in the practice of dentistry in India. Since dentistry is predominantly a surgical discipline, it leads to exposure to the pathogenic microorganisms harbored in blood, body fluids and other potentially infectious material. Thus, the use of adequate and good quality PPE is imperative for infection control in dental practice. With the growing potential of India's dental market, the growth of the market for PPE is inevitable. But, it is equally important to raise the awareness among dental community about good quality products adhering to required standards to prevent the usage of low-cost, uncertified and sub-standard products that decrease the safety levels of personnel. The present study is conducted with a view to observe the personal protective equipment used for infection control in dental practices. How to cite this article Pandit AP, Bhagatkar N, Ramachandran M. Personal Protective Equipment used for Infection Control in Dental Practices. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(1):10-12.
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Jian-ping, You, Yang Sha, Luo Hong-Xia, and Zhang Hui-Lan. "A Comparison of Two Types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Doffing Process: Frequency and Sites of Contamination." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002322.
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Introduction:Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a necessary item in the period of unknown and high-risk emerging infectious disease. It is not only the necessary requirement of strict isolation, but also the last line of defense to protect medical staff.Aim:Compare the differences between contaminated frequency and sites under two types of PPE doffing.Methods:Recruited 56 health care workers (HCWs) who worked in clinical to follow the different PPE removal guidelines issued by the Chinese Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) final resolution for preventing Ebola virus. Eight batches of HCWs were divided to conduct simulations of contaminated PPE removal using fluorescent lotion (Glitter Bug Potion, On Solution Pty Lt). Then we recorded the frequency and sites of contamination of personnel after removal of contaminated PPE by the method of visual observation.Results:According to China’s CDC process, the parts that are easily contaminated during PPE removal are: left hand and wrist (7 times), left calf (7 times), front chest center and left and right chest (6 times each) and left abdomen (5 times). Contaminated parts of the PPE process in accordance with the WHO process from high to low were: right hand and wrist (13 times), left hand and wrist (12 times), middle of the abdomen (10 times), left chest (9 times), and left abdomen (6 Times). There was no statistical difference between the two kinds of PPE piercing and removal (Z=1.177, P > 0. 05).Discussion:Under the guidance of the two processes recommended by China CDC and WHO, there was no significant difference in the frequency of pollution after removing PPE. It is speculated that the PPE recommendation processes issued by WHO and China CDC are effective for personal protection against fulminating infectious diseases.
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Casanova, Lisa M., Lisa J. Teal, Emily E. Sickbert-Bennett, Deverick J. Anderson, Daniel J. Sexton, William A. Rutala, and David J. Weber. "Assessment of Self-Contamination During Removal of Personal Protective Equipment for Ebola Patient Care." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 10 (August 1, 2016): 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.169.
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OBJECTIVEEbola virus disease (EVD) places healthcare personnel (HCP) at high risk for infection during patient care, and personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical. Protocols for EVD PPE doffing have not been validated for prevention of viral self-contamination. Using surrogate viruses (non-enveloped MS2 and enveloped Φ6), we assessed self-contamination of skin and clothes when trained HCP doffed EVD PPE using a standardized protocol.METHODSA total of 15 HCP donned EVD PPE for this study. Virus was applied to PPE, and a trained monitor guided them through the doffing protocol. Of the 15 participants, 10 used alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) for glove and hand hygiene and 5 used hypochlorite for glove hygiene and ABHR for hand hygiene. Inner gloves, hands, face, and scrubs were sampled after doffing.RESULTSAfter doffing, MS2 virus was detected on the inner glove worn on the dominant hand for 8 of 15 participants, on the non-dominant inner glove for 6 of 15 participants, and on scrubs for 2 of 15 participants. All MS2 on inner gloves was observed when ABHR was used for glove hygiene; none was observed when hypochlorite was used. When using hypochlorite for glove hygiene, 1 participant had MS2 on hands, and 1 had MS2 on scrubs.CONCLUSIONSA structured doffing protocol using a trained monitor and ABHR protects against enveloped virus self-contamination. Non-enveloped virus (MS2) contamination was detected on inner gloves, possibly due to higher resistance to ABHR. Doffing protocols protective against all viruses need to incorporate highly effective glove and hand hygiene agents.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–6
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Andonian, Jennifer, Sadaf Kazi, Jennifer Therkorn, Lauren Benishek, Carrie Billman, Margaret Schiffhauer, Elaine Nowakowski, et al. "Effect of an Intervention Package and Teamwork Training to Prevent Healthcare Personnel Self-contamination During Personal Protective Equipment Doffing." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_3 (September 13, 2019): S248—S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz618.
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Abstract Background More than 28 000 people were infected with Ebola virus during the 2014–2015 West African outbreak, resulting in more than 11 000 deaths. Better methods are needed to reduce the risk of self-contamination while doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent pathogen transmission. Methods A set of interventions based on previously identified failure modes was designed to mitigate the risk of self- contamination during PPE doffing. These interventions were tested in a randomized controlled trial of 48 participants with no prior experience doffing enhanced PPE. Contamination was simulated using a fluorescent tracer slurry and fluorescent polystyrene latex spheres (PLSs). Self-contamination of scrubs and skin was measured using ultraviolet light visualization and swabbing followed by microscopy, respectively. Doffing sessions were videotaped and reviewed to score standardized teamwork behaviors. Results Participants in the intervention group contaminated significantly fewer body sites than those in the control group (median [interquartile range], 6 [3–8] vs 11 [6–13], P = .002). The median contamination score was lower for the intervention group than the control group when measured by ultraviolet light visualization (23.15 vs 64.45, P = .004) and PLS swabbing (72.4 vs 144.8, P = .001). The mean teamwork score was greater in the intervention group (42.2 vs 27.5, P < .001). Conclusions An intervention package addressing the PPE doffing task, tools, environment, and teamwork skills significantly reduced the amount of self-contamination by study participants. These elements can be incorporated into PPE guidance and training to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission.
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Mohr, Nicholas M., Anusha Krishnadasan, Karisa K. Harland, Patrick Ten Eyck, William R. Mower, Walter A. Schrading, Juan Carlos C. Montoy, et al. "Emergency department personnel patient care-related COVID-19 risk." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 22, 2022): e0271597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271597.
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Objectives Emergency department (ED) health care personnel (HCP) are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to determine the attributable risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from providing ED care, describe personal protective equipment use, and identify modifiable ED risk factors. We hypothesized that providing ED patient care increases the probability of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study of 1,673 ED physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), nurses, and nonclinical staff at 20 U.S. centers over 20 weeks (May to December 2020; before vaccine availability) to detect a four-percentage point increased SARS-CoV-2 incidence among HCP related to direct patient care. Participants provided monthly nasal and serology specimens and weekly exposure and procedure information. We used multivariable regression and recursive partitioning to identify risk factors. Results Over 29,825 person-weeks, 75 participants (4.5%) acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection (31 were asymptomatic). Physicians/APPs (aOR 1.07; 95% CI 0.56–2.03) did not have higher risk of becoming infected compared to nonclinical staff, but nurses had a marginally increased risk (aOR 1.91; 95% CI 0.99–3.68). Over 99% of participants used CDC-recommended personal protective equipment (PPE), but PPE lapses occurred in 22.1% of person-weeks and 32.1% of SARS-CoV-2-infected patient intubations. The following factors were associated with infection: household SARS-CoV-2 exposure; hospital and community SARS-CoV-2 burden; community exposure; and mask non-use in public. SARS-CoV-2 intubation was not associated with infection (attributable risk fraction 13.8%; 95% CI -2.0–38.2%), and nor were PPE lapses. Conclusions Among unvaccinated U.S. ED HCP during the height of the pandemic, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was similar in nonclinical staff and HCP engaged in direct patient care. Many identified risk factors were related to community exposures.
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Weaver, Davis T., Benjamin D. McElvany, Vishhvaan Gopalakrishnan, Kyle J. Card, Dena Crozier, Andrew Dhawan, Mina N. Dinh, et al. "UV decontamination of personal protective equipment with idle laboratory biosafety cabinets during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): e0241734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241734.
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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucially important to the safety of both patients and medical personnel, particularly in the event of an infectious pandemic. As the incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases exponentially in the United States and many parts of the world, healthcare provider demand for these necessities is currently outpacing supply. In the midst of the current pandemic, there has been a concerted effort to identify viable ways to conserve PPE, including decontamination after use. In this study, we outline a procedure by which PPE may be decontaminated using ultraviolet (UV) radiation in biosafety cabinets (BSCs), a common element of many academic, public health, and hospital laboratories. According to the literature, effective decontamination of N95 respirator masks or surgical masks requires UV-C doses of greater than 1 Jcm−2, which was achieved after 4.3 hours per side when placing the N95 at the bottom of the BSCs tested in this study. We then demonstrated complete inactivation of the human coronavirus NL63 on N95 mask material after 15 minutes of UV-C exposure at 61 cm (232 μWcm−2). Our results provide support to healthcare organizations looking for methods to extend their reserves of PPE.
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Novelia, Shinta, Rosmawati Lubis, Reni Murniati, and Bunga Tiara Carolin. "Practices of Midwives in the Use of Personal Protective Equipment when Aid Labor during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 1, no. 2 (October 27, 2021): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i2.45.
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Background: In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is very important to reduce the risk of transmitting infectious diseases to medical personnel because it can prevent contact with pathogens. This shows that midwives as first-line managers of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum cases must be vigilant by wearing complete Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) so that there is no transmission of the virus from the patient to the midwife. Objective: To determine the analysis of midwives' practices in using PPE when assisting labor during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Banten Regional General Hospital 2020-2021.
Methodology: A quantitative analytic study using a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was 102 respondents with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Chi Square, which previously tested the validity and reliability.
Results: The use of PPE in midwives in Banten Hospital obtained an average value of 84.3. Based on age, the average value was 53.9. Based on the length of service, the average score was 96.1. Based on education, the average score is 55.9. The results of the chi-square test showed that all independent variables had no relationship with the use of PPE including knowledge (p = 0.323), attitude (p = 0.665), availability of PPE (p = 0.740), and supervision (p = 0.603).
Conclusions and Suggestions: The use of PPE in midwives has no relationship with knowledge, attitudes, availability of PPE and supervision. There is a need for socialization about the importance of using PPE to midwives in order to maintain the quality of expected care services. There is a need for an K3 unit in Banten Hospital which is one of the authorities. There needs to be special attention from the Hospital Management regarding the supervision of the use of PPE in midwives.
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Seitz, Roslyn M., Anna Q. Yaffee, Elizabeth Peacock, Timothy P. Moran, Andrew Pendley, and Jonathan D. Rupp. "Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Emergency Department Nurses, Physicians and Advanced Practice Providers during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137076.
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Background: Emergency departments (EDs) have seen dramatic surges in patients infected with COVID-19 and are high-risk transmission environments. Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) among ED health care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic have not been studied, thus this study examines this knowledge gap. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 308 HCWs in two urban EDs in Atlanta, Georgia in April and May of 2020. Results: We surveyed 308 HCWs; 137 responded (44% response rate). All HCWs reported adequate knowledge and 96% reported compliance with PPE guidelines. Reported sources of PPE information: 56.7% charge nurse, 67.3% the institutional COVID-19 website. Frequency of training was positively associated with understanding how to protect themselves and patients (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0–2.9). Conclusions: Few HCWs are willing to care for patients without PPE, and therefore we should aim for resiliency in the PPE supply chain. EDs should consider multiple communication strategies, including a website with concise information and enhanced training for key personnel, particularly the charge nurse. Attention to frequency in HCW training may be key to improve confidence in protecting themselves and patients. Findings can be leveraged by EDs to implement effective PPE training.
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Hou, Fan Fan, Fuling Zhou, Xin Xu, Daowen Wang, Gang Xu, Tao Jiang, Sheng Nie, et al. "Personnel protection strategy for healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic." Precision Clinical Medicine 3, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa024.
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Abstract Objective To identify the effectiveness of a personnel protection strategy in protection of healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design During the COVID-19 pandemic, 943 healthcare staff sent from Guangzhou to Wuhan to care for patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 received infection precaution training before their mission and were equipped with Level 2/3 personal protective equipment (PPE), in accordance with guidelines from the National Health Commission of China. We conducted a serological survey on the cumulative attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 among the healthcare workers sent to Wuhan and compared the seropositive rate to that in local healthcare workers from Wuhan and Jingzhou. Results Serial tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and tests for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M and G after the 6-8 week mission revealed a zero cumulative attack rate. Among the local healthcare workers in Wuhan and Jingzhou of Hubei Province, 2.5% (113 out of 4495) and 0.32% (10 out of 3091) had RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19, respectively. The seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG, IgM, or both IgG/IgM positive) was 3.4% (53 out of 1571) in local healthcare workers from Wuhan with Level 2/3 PPE working in isolation areas and 5.4% (126 out of 2336) in healthcare staff with Level 1 PPE working in non-isolation medical areas, respectively. Conclusions and relevance Our study confirmed that adequate training/PPE can protect medical personnel against SARS-CoV-2.
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Anjum, Uzma. "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice on Personal Protective Equipment among Student Nurses in a Selected College of Nursing, New Delhi." International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research 07, no. 04 (December 31, 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.202028.
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Personal Protective equipment is also called PPE. It is commonly worn by health care workers to prevent the transmission of infection. PPE includes helmets or caps, face shields, face masks, goggles, gowns, respirators, shoe covers or boots and gloves. These protective coverings will be effective when it is being used in an appropriate manner. The main objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge and practice on Personal Protective Equipment among student nurses. A Quantitative Research approach along with Descriptive Research design was used. A total of 110 student nurses were selected through Convenient Sampling Technique from DGNM 3rd Year, B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing 2nd Year and B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing 4th Year of Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi in the month of July-August 2020. Structured Questionnaire was used via an online platform (Google forms) due to Covid 19 lockdown to assess the knowledge and practice on PPE. Out of 110 samples, 66 (60%) had good knowledge, followed by 44 (40%) having average knowledge and none were having poor knowledge on PPE, whereas 67 (60.9%) had an average practice, followed by 41 (37.3%) having good practice and only 2 (1.8%) had poor practice on PPE. Findings suggest that there is a need for practice-based knowledge assessment in clinical areas and thus improvement in the practice of PPE while working in hospitals.
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Shin, Dong-min, Jae-han Chung, Seung-yong Kim, Eun-jung Hong, Kyoung-yong Kim, and Yong-taek Han. "A Study on the Motion Analysis of CPR on EMT Who Wearing PPE." Journal of the Korean Society of Safety 30, no. 5 (October 31, 2015): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14346/jkosos.2015.30.5.74.
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Lavi, Or, Oren Wacht, Idan Menashe, Eli Jaffe, and Yuval Bitan. "Comparison between Personal Protective Equipment Wearing Protocols to Shorten Time to Treatment in Pre-Hospital Settings." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 7926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157926.
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Background. Arrival times at the scene and provision of initial emergency treatment have importance in pre-hospital care settings. Donning proper protective equipment by medical personnel, as was needed during the COVID-19 pandemic, prolongs the time between the arrival of medical personnel to a patient and provision of primary medical care. Objective. We examined the effect of a suggested personal protective equipment (PPE) wearing protocol (gown protocol) on shortening pre-hospital treatment times compared to the current coverall protocol. Method. In this prospective simulation-based study, participants were instructed to inject a practice epinephrine syringe into a simulation mannequin after donning either a gown or a coverall PPE kit in the shortest possible time. Participants performed the two protocols in a randomized order. Donning time, physiological measures, and participants’ perceptions were measured after completion of each of the protocols. Results. Donning times and heart rates were significantly lower in the gown protocol compared to the standard coverall protocol. In addition, participants reported that the gown protocol was more comfortable and allowed provision of better medical care. Conclusions. Advantages of using the new protocol included shortening the time until primary medical care can be provided, perceptions of greater comfort, less difficulty in administering medical care, and lower heart rate values.
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Janah, Esti Nur, and Eva Diana Sari. "Relationship of Nurse's Knowledge AndAttitude With Compliance the Use of Personal Protection Tools in The Pandemic Period COVID-19." Jurnal Kesehatan Mahardika 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54867/jkm.v8i1.11.
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The first COVID-19 case in South Brebes was in the Paguyangan Community Health Center area, which originated from the Gowa cluster. One of the efforts that can be used to stop the transmission of COVID-19 is to use PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). The knowledge of medical personnel regarding the use of PPE when handling COVID-19 is important as a way to prevent transmission from COVID-19 patients to medical personnel. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of nurses and compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus disease pandemic at Paguyangan Public Health Center in 2020. The design of this study is a correlation analysis with a cross sectional approach using total sampling method and 32 nurses were obtained as a sample. Data collection began in October-December 2020. The questionnaire used consisted of a questionnaire about Covid-19 knowledge and a questionnaire about nurses' attitudes in using PPE, each with 20 question items. To assess the adherence of nurses using the WHO adherence checklist for use of PPE adaptation. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge of nurses and adherence to the use of PPE with a value of p = 0.021 (p <0.05) and a significant value of the relationship between nurses' attitudes and compliance with the use of PPE during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Paguyangan Health Center in 2020. p = 0.017 (p <0.05). So it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between attitudes and compliance with nurses at Paguyangan Health Center. The results of this study can be used as a reference for nurse credentialing in the use of ADP and for further research, research can be carried out by adding variables such as length of service, availability of facilities, level of nurse education and supervision of the use of PPE.
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Guevara Valmana, Osvaldo I., Maria M. Cavazos Quero, Elias Gil Loaeza, Jesus C. Lopez Sandoval, Jose A. Pereyra Molina, Mario A. Rebolledo Ceballos, Chantal Gonzalez Chavez, and Omar D. Gonzalez Gachuz. "Protocol of sterile personal protective equipment for surgical personnel against SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 4467. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205325.
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Background: COVID-19 represents the major pandemic seen the last years generating morbidity and mortality around the world. It is well known the propagation of the virus occurs by air mostly, so it is needed a barrier when the medic personal is treating suspect or confirm patients. Personal protective equipment represents a barrier between the health personnel and the patient during the COVID-19 pandemic. The surgical team during a COVID-19 confirmed o suspicious case procedure requires using PPE to be protected and keep the sterility for the patient safety.Methods: A team of surgeons from a 100% COVID-19 hospital of the Mexican institute of social security developed an inner protocol of safe use PPE maintaining sterility for the surgery.Conclusions: The protocol described provides safety to surgical team and the patient minimizing risk of surgical infections.
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Mekaroonkamol, Parit, Kasenee Tiankanon, Rapat Pittayanon, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Fariha Shams, Ghias Un Nabi Tayyab, Julia Massaad, et al. "Perception of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Personnel on Society Recommendations on Personal Protective Equipment, Case Selection, and Scope Cleaning During Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Survey Study." Clinical Endoscopy 55, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5946/ce.2021.051.
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Background/Aims: The Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy published recommendations on safe endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess the practicality and applicability of the recommendations and the perceptions of endoscopy personnel on them.Methods: A validated questionnaire was sent to 1290 endoscopy personnel globally. Of these, the data of all 330 responders (25.6%) from 15 countries, related to the current recommendations on proper personal protective equipment (PPE), case selection, scope cleaning, and safety perception, were analyzed. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between the variables.Results: Despite an overwhelming agreement with the recommendations on PPE (94.5%) and case selection (95.5%), their practicality and applicability on PPE recommendations and case selection were significantly lower (p=0.001, p=0.047, p<0.001, and p=0.032, respectively). Factors that were associated with lower sense of safety in endoscopy units were younger age (p=0.004), less working experience (p=0.008), in-training status (p=0.04), and higher national prevalence of COVID-19 (p=0.003). High prevalent countries also had more difficulty implementing the guidelines (p<0.001) and they considered the PPE recommendations less practical and showed lower agreement with them (p<0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). A higher number of in-hospital COVID-19 patients was associated with less agreement with PPE recommendations (p=0.039).Conclusions: Using appropriate PPE and case selection in endoscopic practice during a pandemic remains a challenge. Resource availability and local prevalence are critical factors influencing the adoption of the current guidelines.
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Rubcov, V., A. Trebuhin, A. Nefedov, E. Klochkova, I. Olenina, V. Zinoviev, A. Timoshenko, et al. "Current Issues of Providing the Personnel of the Radiation Hazardous Facilities with Personal Protection Equipment Complying with the Requirements and Working Conditions." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 66, no. 4 (September 13, 2021): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-4-33-36.
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Purpose: The article covers issues related to the providing personal protection for the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities. Specific character of working conditions at the enterprises in the field of atomic energy use is caused by extremely high toxic level of radioactive substances and the fact that there is no human sense organ which can identify dangerous levels of radiation exposure. Establishment of mandatory requirements for manufacturing, identification and verification of personal protection equipment (PPE) in the field of atomic energy use is needed because using of low-quality PPE and PPE not complying with working conditions poses a risk for the health of workers. The article provides results of analysis of the regulatory frameworks, both current and under development, which set the requirements for PPE.
Results: Since 2017 Rosatom is executing plans for development of series of industry standards specifying requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use and methods of their testing. More than 25 interstate and national standards on PPE were included in the Summary list of standardization documents in the field of atomic energy use. PPE was included in the list of products subject to mandatory certification and having requirements for safety assurance in the field of atomic energy use specified.
Industry and national standards establishing requirements for PPE protecting from tritium, radioactive noble gases, radioactive iodine, high-toxic alpha-emitting radionuclides, as well as standards on methods of their testing are planned to be developed soon.
Conclusion: The system of standardizing requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use created by, together with existing system of certification of PPE in the field of atomic energy use will help to increase effectiveness of personal protection of the personnel at radiation and chemical hazardous facilities in nuclear industry.
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Darmadi, Darmadi, Cennikon Pakpahan, and Riska Habriel Ruslie. "Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, F (February 15, 2022): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8414.
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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has become a pandemic since March 11, 2020. It carries a significant burden and hampers gastrointestinal endoscopy practice. Since SARS-CoV-2 receptors are found in the gastrointestinal tract, COVID-19 also manifests as gastrointestinal symptoms. The viable virus is also detected in stool, carrying a high risk of transmission. Therefore, gastrointestinal endoscopy practice needs to be changed to prevent spreading from patients and medical personnel. All patients should be screened for the possibility of infection. Triage is done to determine the urgency of cases. Elective cases are postponed while semi-urgent and urgent cases are treated accordingly. A level 2 personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used for negative/suspected COVID-19 and a level 3 PPE is used for the confirmed case. Endoscopy unit should have negative-pressure room or proper ventilation, separated unit between negative/suspected and confirmed cases, exclusive equipment for COVID-19 case, and proper disinfection of equipment and room. Medical personnel must be screened regularly and positive information regarding gastrointestinal endoscopy practice should be spread to patients.
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Kim, Da Saem, Daun Jeong, Jong Eun Park, Gun Tak Lee, Tae Gun Shin, Hansol Chang, Taerim Kim, et al. "Endotracheal Intubation Using C-MAC Video Laryngoscope vs. Direct Laryngoscope While Wearing Personal Protective Equipment." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101720.
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This study sought to determine whether the C-MAC video laryngoscope (VL) performed better than a direct laryngoscope (DL) when attempting endotracheal intubation (ETI) in the emergency department (ED) while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). This was a retrospective single-center observational study conducted in an academic ED between February 2020 and March 2022. All emergency medical personnel who participated in any ETI procedure were required to wear PPE. The patients were divided into the C-MAC VL group and the DL group based on the device used during the first ETI attempt. The primary outcome measure was the first-pass success (FPS) rate. A multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with FPS. Of the 756 eligible patients, 650 were assigned to the C-MAC group and 106 to the DL group. The overall FPS rate was 83.5% (n = 631/756). The C-MAC group had a significantly higher FPS rate than the DL group (85.7% vs. 69.8%, p < 0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, C-MAC use was significantly associated with an increased FPS rate (adjusted odds ratio, 2.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.69–4.08; p < 0.001). In this study, we found that the FPS rate of ETI was significantly higher when the C-MAC VL was used than when a DL was used by emergency physicians constrained by cumbersome PPE.