Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Personnel médical – Risques professionnels'
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Fotseu-Tsakam, Hortance. "La prise en charge du risque médical." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA083709.
Full textTo take in charge medical risk, remains a problem in abeyance, despite the law of 4th march 2002 wich allows the victims to be compensated in way of national solidarity by an agreement settled out of court. Difficulties with such of confusions in risk medical concept definition (accident, hazard, fault – error…) make his juridical processing to much complex. His compensation system at present scattered, incoherent and incomplete, leads under these conditions : firstly specify exactly the legal outline of that concept, analyse the currents forms of various compensations systems ; secondly before spend one’s time waiting for a nessary reform wich must unify those systems, carry out improvements to this law confined to responsibility without fault and beneficial only to a category of victims
Szleper, Katia. "Risques et responsabilités médicales dans les nouvelles technologies de la reproduction humaine." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081245.
Full textDjeriri, Khalid. "Prévention vaccinale et risques professionnels liés aux hépatites A, B et C en milieu de soins." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF1MM14.
Full textRodier, Simon. "Exposition et risques de contamination aux anticancéreux des soignants lors des chimiothérapies hyperthermiques intrapéritonéales." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC402.
Full textHyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a surgical technique of major importance for the management of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, HIPEC exposes healthcare professionals of the operating room to a risk of contamination by antineoplastic drugs. The analysis of the contamination of the environment and of caregivers during HIPEC was the subject of only ten publications between 1980 and 2020. During this thesis, we developed and validated a UHPLC-MS/MS method for plasma and red blood cells assay of irinotecan and two of its metabolites, SN-38 and APC. Among the samples taken from the surgeon and the surgical resident during HIPEC at the CCC of Caen contamination by irinotecan was identified in 20 of the 21 samples, with maximum concentrations of 266 and 257 pg/mL, respectively in plasma and red blood cells. SN-38 and APC have also been identified in some samples. At the same time, the monitoring for oxaliplatin contamination in the same biological matrices has highlighted ultra-traces of platinum in the order of ten pg/mL. This study, unique in the number of samples and the analysis of irinotecan and two major metabolites in both plasma and red blood cells, contributes to the determination of biological indicators of exposure for caregivers exposed to irinotecan during HIPEC. Regular biological monitoring of antineoplastic drugs should thus help to monitor handling practices of caregivers, compliance with recommendations and the effectiveness of PPE and CPE. The exposure risk reduction strategy should also be based on a digital simulation training program, which should help improve compliance with protection practices, or even reduce the biological contamination values of healthcare professionals
Seifert, Ana Maria. "Prévention des risques de transmission des infections : Connaître les pratiques formelles et informelles du personnel hospitalier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28372/28372.pdf.
Full textPreventing infections in health care facilities is a subject of current interest. Despite the promotion of prevention measures, it is well known that they are not completely applied. However, confining interest just to these lacunae does not provide a good handle on improving prevention, if we do not pay attention to other measures that hospital personnel may have developed spontaneously. The objective of the current research project is to describe formal and informal practices for preventing infection used by various categories of hospital personnel, as well as to explore the representations of risk related to their informal practices. The qualitative research approach used gives a systemic vision of prevention activities. We carried out 27 interviews and 186 hours of observation of experienced nursing staff, health care aides and hospital cleaning staff, in two short-term and two long-term hospital units in Montreal. The results show that prevention measures are not isolated acts, but part of a process that starts with risk identification based on three sets of information: patient contamination, environmental contamination and difficulties in interacting with patients. We have identified some measures developed by staff members that allow them to cope with situations where the prescribed procedures are felt to be insufficient; these measures reveal their hitherto-unrecognized skills and can be collective, showing the importance of joint work for infection prevention. The analysis of representations of risks related to Clostridium difficile shows that study participants feared transmitting it to patients and to their own families, and adopted specific prevention measures both at work and outside the workplace. Because of situations where prevention failed, some participants think they may be healthy carriers of that microorganism and fear infection may be activated if they become weak for any reason. Some aspects of work organization may also get in the way of their efforts: the absence of time for exchanging information, the presence of casual staff and the lack of training. We conclude that it is important to support prevention efforts based on collective strategies, that seem to have an interesting potential to prevent infections, and that it is necessary to take into account the preoccupations of staff during educational interventions targeting them.
Dickason, Rebecca. "Le travail émotionnel des professionnels de santé à l’hôpital : caractérisation et leviers d'action organisationnels." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G016.
Full textTranslated into French in 2017, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild’s seminal work, The Managed Heart (1983), elaborated the concept of “emotional labor” which has subsequently given rise to studies in several disciplinary fields and contexts and which is central to the emotional demands identified by Gollac & Bodier (2010) as one psychosocial risk factor. As a place rich in emotions where the “extra-ordinary” (illness, suffering and death) is an everyday experience, the hospital is a particular environment for the performance of emotional labor, which involves (1) the management of one’s own emotions, (2) showing or expressing certain emotions in order to influence those of the patient, (3) by following “emotional rules”, all (4) within a context marked by a weight of emotions. This thesis endeavors to offer an in-depth examination of hospital emotional labor: characterizing and defining the concept, as well as discussing the organizational levers that could improve how it might be performed and control its consequences. The fieldwork was carried out in a teaching hospital and concerned doctors, nurses, orderlies / nursing assistants working in departments belonging to different medical specialisations (accident and emergency, geriatrics, rehabilitation, neurology) treating vulnerable or dependent patients. Data production was based on interviews, direct and participant observation and analysis of internal documents. The results of this empirical work shed light on hospital emotional labor in France and its importance for the health professional and the patient. They highlight several elements: the nature of the prevailing “emotional rules”, how (far) they are appropriated by health professionals, how the emotional burden differs between departments, the “emotionally onerous nature of the work”, signs of compassion fatigue (not the same concept as burnout) and the role of emotional labor in patient care. A substantial number of organizational levers are outlined: (1) ensuring common knowledge and skills through targeted or broad-based training, facilitating the opportunities for self-care, (2) encouraging “virtuous” practices consisting in social support dynamics, work breaks, making time and space for collective emotional regulation and reaffirming the place of the patient within the care context
Lopes, Julie. "Analyse du risque radio-induit de décès chez les professionnels de santé exposés aux rayonnements ionisants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASR020.
Full textAbstract: Studies of workers exposed to ionizing radiation enable the characterization of health effects resulting from chronic low-dose exposure. Although extensive research has been carried out on the subject, there are still uncertainties surrounding the quantification of these effects. To date, medical workers represents the largest group of workers occupationally exposed to artificial sources of ionizing radiation. Their subsequent risk of various pathologies is therefore an important subject of study. Nevertheless, the conclusions of these studies are uncertain and debated, particularly regarding the risk of developing tumors of the central nervous system (CNS).Based on literature reviews supported by meta-analyses and on statistical analyses of data collected as part of the epidemiological follow-up of the ORICAMs (Occupational Radiation Induced Cancer in Medical staff) cohort, this thesis aims to improve knowledge of the effects of ionizing radiation on health in the context of low-dose exposure.A mortality analysis was carried out on the ORICAMs cohort, including 164 015 medical workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in France, presenting at least one dosimetric record between 2002 and 2012. Mortality was significantly lower in the ORICAMs cohort than in the general population. However, these results based on a comparative analysis with national rates may be influenced by the healthy worker effect, and do not allow to conclude on the existence or not of a potential relationship between occupational exposure and the risk of death. To address this issue, a case-control study nested within the ORICAMs cohort was set up, including 33 cases and 160 controls. However, conditional logistic regression analyses showed no dose-response relationship between occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and death from CNS tumors. An extension of the cohort follow-up and the inclusion of the case-control study in the international BECOME project will increase the statistical power of the analyses, allowing the assessment of the long-term effects of chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation
Fontanier, Valérie. "Le principe de précaution en droit de la santé." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D003.
Full textIf legal precedents in the Community are paramount as regards the elaboration of both its definition and legal regulation, the principle of health precaution yields a self-contained, specific history of environment. This history throws light on the legal proportions of the emerging principle. The presence and meaning of this implicit concept of precaution are grounded by means of a process which is called “reification”. The reification of precaution in a given product or object enables the protection of individuals against the dangers of the product or object. It compensates the legal impossibility to consent to scientific uncertainty. In the field of health, the definition of prescription drug gives a major example for the existence of reified precaution. But it resides also in the civil liability regulations when the obligation of safety related to blood, health products and iatrogenic infections is concerned. This aspect of precaution makes it possible for the caution principle to gain a kind of autonomy in front of scientific evidence. When put together with the precaution principle, the notion of health precaution helps characterize it. Such a principle is a composite one. Its definition includes two obligations, an assessment obligation and a prevention obligation. Its legal regulations belong to public law, but also to private law. Its function is both preventive and amending. Needless to say that it is a complex principle. With the appearance of the principle, precaution finds its autonomy in the object. A new legal form of protection for the patient is taking shape. A specific definition for determined assessment obligation appears, and will have to be set in relation with the general obligation of caution. Their definition and field of application are pending legislation not only in public law, but also in private law
Gilbert, Sophie. "Sécurité sanitaire : analyse et financement." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10001.
Full textSari-Minodier, Irène. "Evaluation biogénotoxicologique des expositions professionnelles aux rayonnements ionisants dans les secteurs de la santé et de la radiographie industrielle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20679.
Full textHerbecourt, Anne d'. "La surveillance médicale du personnel affecté à la restauration collective." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P009.
Full textVilleneuve, Pierre. "La responsabilité des professionnels de santé : bilan et perspectives." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10032.
Full textNadeau, Catherine. "Impact de l'intervention DÉCISION+2 sur l'intention des professionnels de la santé de s'engager dans la prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28954/28954.pdf.
Full textTHOMMERET, EVELYNE. "Plateau laser medical au c. H. U. D'angers : conditions de travail et risques professionnels." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1108.
Full textEckert, Jean-Jacques. "La responsabilite médicale des origines à l'aube du troisième millénaire : ou le passage d'une responsabilité à la prise en charge d'un risque." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4017.
Full textThe medical responsibility from the origins to the down of the third millennium is a research study which is composed of two separate parts. The toast of these two parts mostly deals with the evolution both of the medical art and its philosophy to the extend that the disagreement concerting the lexical responsibility itself has not revealed significant not to say hardly non existent until the 1789 Revolution. However, the second part tackles with the evolution of the responsibility which is on the medical' dodos shoulders, with the prejudice to limit it to the liberal doctor, and considers its evolution concerting a society witch accepts risks less and less easily and witch wants systematically the identification of a responsible one and his punishment. A few researches in comparative law have enabled to discover that in our country no specific procedure exists in this particular fiels
Andela, Marie. "Considérations conceptuelle, méthodologique et contextuelle du travail émotionnel : impacts sur le burnout, les troubles somatiques des soignants et les risques de maltraitance des patients." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1006.
Full textThe aim of this research was to better understand the links between emotional labor, burnout and somatic complaints. The first chapter constitutes a literary review that exposes the concept, its history, and its links with burnout and somatic complains: Hochschild’s sociological analysis of emotional labor is developed and its relevance to the hospital context is exposed. The evolution of the concept is then presented and we propose to focus on the intra psychic perspective of emotional labor which pays attention to three components of the concept: emotional dissonance, surface acting and deep acting. Based on this approach, we realized a literature review that exposed the associations between these three components and burnout, somatic complaints and job performance. Diverse problems associated with the comprehension of the impact of emotional labor on health outcomes are developed. The second chapter exposes the problems associated with the limitations of the measure used to evaluate the concept of emotional labor. An alternative measure is proposed: this one distinguishes the two emotion regulation processes included in the conceptualization of deep acting, which are, re-evaluation and attentional deployment. It also distinguishes the two expressive regulation strategies included in the conceptualization of surface acting, that are expressive suppression and expressive amplification. Finally, these emotion regulation processes are separate from the emotional dissonance state. Our results present several issues: First, they indicate that emotional dissonance is positively associated with burnout and somatic complains and that the variance part of these two variables are broadly explained by the emotional dissonance state. Second, they reveal that surface acting and deep acting measures include different processes with opposite effects on burnout: while expressive suppression is positively linked with burnout, expressive amplification is negatively related to it. Moreover, re-evaluation presents a positive impact on health outcomes while attentional deployment has a negative impact on them. The aim of the third chapter is to determine the added value of emotional labor to the job demands-resources model: links between emotional labor, burnout and somatic complaints were analyzed by taking into account different organizational demands and resources (emotional demands, workload, organizational justice…). Based on the job-demands-resources principles, our result show that emotional labor components explain a great part of burnout and somatic complaints beyond the parts of variance explained by demands and lack of resources. As emotional dissonance plays a determinant role in the burnout process, the fourth chapter examines to what extent reflexivity among work teams moderates its negative effects. Results indicate that social reflexivity moderates burnout induced by emotional dissonance. Finally, chapter five explores the links between emotional labor, burnout and mistreatments toward patients. Results confirmed the link between emotional dissonance and burnout on mistreatments. Indeed, burnout and emotional dissonance mediate the effects of stressors linked with the work context on mistreatment
Bessis, Philippe Rudyard. "La procédure disciplinaire à l’encontre des professionnels médicaux et des auxiliaires médicaux." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05D004.
Full textT is impossible to remain neutral in front of the immense power granted to disciplinary juries. Order members are at the same time in charge of practioner’s administrative files, serve as advisors in cases of disagreements or complaints between medical professionals and patients, as well as act as plaintiffs and coplaintiffs. These different powers can leave room for conflicts of interest. Furthermore, members of the order can concurrently hold positions in a departemental council, a regional council (which is a first order court), and a national council (which is an appellate court). Regarding the social insurance sector, the presence of two members of social organizations within the jury can’t help but be shocking since complaints are introduced by employees of the same entity. On the basis of an incorrect application or analysis of Nomenclature, often barely legible, or the violation of ethical principles such as honor, morality, ethics, kindness or compassion, the Order’s jury can for the same reasons excuse or expel a doctor without the intervention of the Supreme Court concerning the severity of the sanction. The objective of this work is to attempt to shed light on the unfamiliar world of law for medical professionals. The whole procedure is examined in detail from the original complaint to the final punishment, covering the practical details of the election of judges. This necessary information opens the door to constructive criticism in order to set off profound inevitable reforms of the repressive power of disciplinary justice and to give meaning to the words “impartiality” and “Justice”
Gonnet, Jade. "L'assurance responsabilité civile des professionnels de santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0515.
Full textIn 1897, following a case particularly relayed by newspapers, about Dr. Laporte, whose responsibility had been committed for "homicide by recklessness" because of an unhappy birth, a dozen doctors made the decision to create an alliance to pay the legal costs to which Dr. Laporte was liable. Each one of them contributed one penny a day. This risk pooling approach appealed to health professionals. The members of the Medical Contest decided to create a professional defense league called the "Sou Médical", which positioned itself as a real financial and moral support for the doctors in case of questioning their responsibility. The idea of guaranteeing the risk of the civil liability of health professionals was born. It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that the insurance companies appropriated and developed the branch of medical liability insurance. Nevertheless, at the end of this century, the field of health was marked by various events highlighting the need to reposition the patient at the heart of the medical act, some of which contributed to provoking a crisis of liability insurance medical. In response to these events, the legislator promulgated Law No. 2002-303 of 4 March 2002 on the rights of the sick and the quality of the health system, which instituted, inter alia, an obligation for health care institutions and professionals to take out responsibility insurance professional citizenship. Faced with the obligation to insure such a risk, the insurers were all the more involved in the control of the medical risk in order to reduce it, which impacted and still impacts the practice of the health professional
Colomb, Coralie. "La responsabilité pénale des professionnels de santé." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0045.
Full textThe study of the penal responsibility of health personal combines jurisdictional responsibilities and medical laws. Recently, suiting health personal like doctors or medical assistants has provoked a debate. The lawyer observes indeed a paradox when it comes to the suiting mechanism; application of the medical responsibility regime is opposed to the complexity of medical acts. This conflict of interest between patients and their doctors, each part being responsible of their rights and duties, is very specific to the penal medical law. Suiting medical personal concern imprudent acts that have provoked a corporal injury and sometimes death of the patient. Indemnisation of medical prejudices seems to be admitted and favoured by the legislator. It works in a civil process or in a both-part deal. That fits new patients' expectations. Excesses in penalisation of medical faults come from responsibility issues: penal fault and causality link with the damage. The penal exposure is copied on the court-suiting model. More favourable to the victims, repression is an open alternative for the patient, but its practical and conceptual contradictions have to be precise. Excessive repression of medical damages has theorical and legal causes. It has consequences on suits as the proof regime is eased. A better definition of faults in the medical law would allow conciliation of health personal, patients and the society's interests. Without making doctors "untouchable", the law must adjust an acceptable penal frame for all actors in the system
Laurent, Ludivine. "Les mobilisations collectives des professionnels de santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20014.
Full textThe health sector is in crisis. Over the past two decades, all health professionals regularly show their discontent. The strike of internal consultations with wild private practice doctors, all professions in this sector have experienced a collective mobilization. The research work was conducted to analyze the collective action of these practitioners. Thus both the transition to the action that developments of social movements are the heart of our reflections. It is clear that the analysis of collective mobilization of health professionals includes both a dimension macrosociological (structures, organizations) and dimension microsociologique (beliefs, identities, corporativism). The common link between these two spheres is that all elements are related resources of the social movement, which will permit the establishment of a structure and coherence of the mobilization in order to win the government. This research thus highlight the denominators that explain both the shift to collective action (dynamic mobilisers moving), and developments of these mobilizations (expressiveness mobilizations)
Zinaoui, Taoufik. "Problématiques et enjeux de la communication dans la prévention des risques professionnels dans les entreprises." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30027.
Full textThe French industrial firms are in permanent mutation. They do not cease using the high-tech for reasons of competition, of production costs and the research of reliability at the level of production. In this context, the wage earners are often in the middle of these mutations which make them to adapt to all these conditions. However, this uninterrupted adaptation of the wage earners displays them in the happening of countless professional risks. The area of building illustrates perfectly the factual presence of this phenomenon. To try to control the spreading of these risks in this area, the business managers use through of the communication of risk. This communication, these business managers desire to increase the level of knowledge of their wage earners of nature, dangerosity and building of these risks on construction sites. However, it proves to be that this communication of risk meets various obstacles, that make it ineffectual, or evenput in situation of failure. This doctoral dissertation, across a theoretical analysis and an empirical job, allowed on one the hand, to put the finger on the actual dysfunctions which hinder the good functioning of this communication in its role to inform the wage earners on the reality of professional risks which threaten them regularly. These raised dysfunctions are human, material and managing order. On the other hand, this thesis could offer a certain number of pragmatic recommendations which would be likely to improve the communication of risk in this area
Coll, Michel-Pierre. "La perception de la douleur d'autrui chez les professionnels de la santé : implication pour l'intervention." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26576.
Full textThe perception of pain in others is a complex phenomenon that can be influenced by several factors. In clinical settings, the adequate perception of pain in others is an important step in its treatment. However, some studies suggest that the repeated exposure to the pain of others experienced by healthcare providers could lead to an underestimation of the intensity of patients’ pain and to less prosocial behaviours towards persons in pain. This thesis aimed at using methods from the field of cognitive and social neurosciences to study the effects of clinical experience on the perception and response to pain in others. The first objective was to isolate the effect of repeated exposure to the pain of others on the behavioural and cerebral responses to this pain. The first experimental study showed that this repeated exposure to pain in others was associated with a decrease in the perceived saliency and intensity of this pain as indexed by behavioural and cerebral responses. The second objective of this thesis was to compare prosocial behaviour towards persons in pain and the associated cerebral mechanisms between healthcare providers and participants with no healthcare experience. The second experimental study showed that when faced with patients in pain, healthcare providers offer more prosocial behaviour compared to non-clinician participants. This was linked to increased activity in prefrontal regions associated with emotional regulation when facing others in pain. Altogether, the results from this thesis suggest that repeated exposure to persons in pain leads to an increased regulation of the affective response during the observation of pain in others and that this increased regulation allow healthcare professionals to better help patients in pain encountered daily. Results from this thesis underline the importance of emotional regulation in clinical interaction and suggest that it should be taken into account in clinical training programs.
Laurent, Ludivine. "Les mobilisations collectives des professionnels de santé." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20014.
Full textThe health sector is in crisis. Over the past two decades, all health professionals regularly show their discontent. The strike of internal consultations with wild private practice doctors, all professions in this sector have experienced a collective mobilization. The research work was conducted to analyze the collective action of these practitioners. Thus both the transition to the action that developments of social movements are the heart of our reflections. It is clear that the analysis of collective mobilization of health professionals includes both a dimension macrosociological (structures, organizations) and dimension microsociologique (beliefs, identities, corporativism). The common link between these two spheres is that all elements are related resources of the social movement, which will permit the establishment of a structure and coherence of the mobilization in order to win the government. This research thus highlight the denominators that explain both the shift to collective action (dynamic mobilisers moving), and developments of these mobilizations (expressiveness mobilizations)
Genova, Julien. "La responsabilité médicale et le risque obstétrical." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1026.
Full textObstetrics is generally presented as the archetype of the issues related to medical liability. This study undertakes to go beyond that finding in order to cast light on the specific reasons for which medical liability hardly addresses issues related to obstetrics. The first part of the thesis highlights the specificities of the obstetrical risks: it argues on the one hand, that those specific characteristics have consequences as regards compensation systems; and on the other hand,, that those specific features also have an impact on the insurance mechanisms. The second part of the study deals with the judicialization of the obstetrical risks. The book notes, first, that judicialization has direct effects on obstetrical practice and indirect consequences on the Economy. Secondly, the study considers the use of contractual mechanisms as a way to prevent the effects of judicialization. Between theory and practice, the study proposes to rewrite certain legal provisions with a view to improve the compensation of obstetrics damages but also to formalise a birth contract in order to "de-judicialize" obstetrical risks
Hamel, Emmanuel. "Un modèle d’évaluation des coûts agrégés liés aux assurances pour les professionnels de la santé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30040/30040.pdf.
Full textIn this master’s degree thesis, an aggregate loss model for health professionals is considered. The introduction describes some characteristics related to the insurance for health professionals: environment, type of insurance coverage, premium, cost of a claim, stochastic dependencies in the claim process and discount rate. In chapter 2, a description of theoretical concepts related to the proposed mathematical model is done: stochastic dependence (by copulas), renewal processes, discount rate (i.e. stochastic differential equations) and numerical methods. In chapter 3, the theoretical model is presented and the first moments are obtained, with deterministic numerical calculations and simulations. In chapter 4, some applications of the model are presented: first moments calculations with stochastic interest rate (Vasicek), impact of dependence on the model, premium calculations, risk measures (VaR and TVaR). In chapter 5, the conclusion follows.
Denis, Marie-Agnès. "Les accidents d'exposition au sang chez le personnel des Hospices Civils de Lyon, de 1996 à 2000 : recherche des facteurs de risque." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T098.
Full textMbemba, Gisèle Irène Claudine. "Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et le travail des professionnels de la santé en zones rurales et éloignées dans les pays en développement : cas du Mali." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31125.
Full textThe expansion of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in health systems enable some health professionals in developing countries to use ICTs in rural areas and to provide better health care to the population. However, studies on the impact of the use of ICTs on the work of health professionals in rural areas in developing countries are rare. The objectives of this two-part research were: 1) To explore the evolution of perceptions related to the recruitment and retention of health professionals in the four district health centers in Mali that have implemented telehealth in the context of the Equi-Reshus project; 2) To identify the variables influencing the perceived impact of telehealth on the recruitment and retention of professionals in this context; 3) To explore the perceptions of health workers about the implementation and use of telehealth as well as the level of motivation and satisfaction in their work in rural and remote areas of Mali. A correlative and exploratory descriptive design was used for the whole of this research. Concerning the first part, the influence of the telehealth project on the recruitment and retention of health professionals in rural areas in Mali, a longitudinal study has allowed to compare the perceptions of 16 participants who completed the questionnaire at time 1 and time 2. Data analysis was based on general descriptive analyzes for T1 and T2-matched samples, for the two dependent variables and the ten independent variables, as well as statistical tests to detect differences between T1 and T2. For the second part of this research, the use and perceptions of telehealth by health professionals in rural Mali, 17 participants were interviewed. A thematic content analysis, based on the elements of the conceptual framework of the study, was undertaken to identify the main themes. Results for the first component showed that the variable "access to ICTs" has evolved, as several healthcare professionals have been able to use IT tools, while the number of ICT users has not increased. We also found that health professionals participating in the project were informed of the availability of telehealth in the centers, but that few were trained to use them. Moreover, our results showed that changes in perceptions did not significantly change between T1 and T2. For the second part, our findings show that the implementation and use of ICTs by healthcare professionals is confronted with problems that can be overcome. In this case, it is about training of personnel, availability of equipment, accessibility to energy sources and the Internet. Despite this, several benefits related to the use of ICT by health professionals were highlighted. These benefits are for the most part those identified as recruitment and retention factors in the reference model. Finally, our findings showed that perceptions of health professionals argued that access to ICTs or telehealth could promote their recruitment and retention in rural and remote areas. In sum, the results of this study show how the use of ICTs in the health systems of developing countries still encounters difficulties despite the adoption of these by health professionals. It is therefore necessary and urgent for the health authorities to be able to invest both in the improvement of health facilities and in the in-service training of staff, especially by facilitating the implantation and use of ICT in rural and remote areas. Keywords: ICT; Telehealth; Training; Professionals healthcare; Recruitment and retention; Rural areas; Mali
Douville, Frédéric, and Frédéric Douville. "Comment favoriser le don d'organes et de tissus : un enjeu pour les professionnels de la santé." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24652.
Full textLe manque de référence des donneurs potentiels d’organes et de tissus humains par les professionnels de la santé s’explique par des problèmes d’identification des donneurs potentiels, d’approche des familles et de référence aux organismes responsables du don. Cette thèse étudiait les interventions auprès des professionnels de la santé favorisant la référence de donneurs potentiels. D’abord, une revue systématique a identifié les interventions auprès des professionnels de la santé et analysé leur efficacité à promouvoir les pratiques professionnelles favorisant le don dans les milieux cliniques. Quinze études ont été identifiées. Les interventions retenues étaient de nature éducative ou organisationnelle, mais aucune ne faisait référence à un cadre théorique. La stratégie de changement de comportement la plus fréquente était de fournir de l’information sur le processus du don. Toutefois, il était impossible d’établir l’efficience d’une intervention en raison de lacunes méthodologiques, d’échantillons mal définis ou de détails manquants sur les interventions ou leur évaluation. Conséquemment, une intervention basée sur la stratégie d’activation des intentions (questionnaire invitant les infirmières à planifier une action spécifique face aux barrières à référer des donneurs potentiels de globes oculaires aux intervenants responsables du don) a été développée et évaluée par un essai clinique randomisé en grappes auprès de 26 unités de soins dans cinq hôpitaux réparties dans les groupes expérimental et témoin. Le taux de référence de donneurs de globes oculaires a été mesuré dans chaque unité de soins, six mois avant l’intervention et trois mois après. L’étude n’a pas pu démontrer d’augmentation des taux de référence (x2=1.14, 2; p=0.56). La période de suivi post intervention ayant été réduite de moitié par l’implantation d’une nouvelle Loi obligeant la référence de tout donneur potentiel par les centres hospitaliers, une évaluation de l’impact de cette loi sur les taux de référence a été effectuée. Le taux de référence de globes oculaires n’a pas augmenté après l’implantation de la nouvelle législation (x2=0.01, p=0.93). Divers problèmes dont le processus de suivi pour le développement de la Loi et la stratégie d’implantation seraient responsables de cette absence d’augmentation.
The lack of reference of potential organ and tissue donors by health professionals results from potential donor identification issues, concerns when approaching families for consent and lack of notification to organ procurement representatives. This thesis studied interventions towards healthcare professionals to increase potential donor notification. First, a systematic review was designed to identify and analyze the impact of interventions aimed at health professionals to improve donation-promoting professional practices in clinical settings. A total of 15 studies were identified. Interventions were either educational, organizational or a combination of both, and had a weak theoretical basis. The most common behaviour change technique was providing instruction on the donation process. However, it was not possible to establish whether an intervention was efficient due to methodological flaws, poorly described samples or the lack of details on the content of the interventions and evaluation. Therefore, a questionnaire-based implementation intentions intervention (asking nurses to plan specific actions if faced with a number of barriers when reporting potential ocular donors) was developed and assessed through a randomized study clustered at the level of hospital departments. Twenty-six departments from five hospitals participated in this trial. The primary outcome was the potential ocular tissue donors’ notification rate before and after the intervention. Potential and achieved numbers of ocular tissue donors were evaluated six months before and three months after the intervention The study could not demonstrate a significant increase in the rate of ocular tissue donors (x2=1.14, 2; p=0.56). The follow-up period had to be shortened because the Ministry of Health introduced a legislative change making notification of all potential donors to donation stakeholders mandatory in clinical settings. The effectiveness of this new regulation on the potential ocular tissue donor notification rate in clinical settings was assessed. The notification rate of ocular tissue donors did not increase significantly after legislative changes (x2=0.01, p=0.93). Policy formulation and policy implementation issues are two possible reasons for this failure.
The lack of reference of potential organ and tissue donors by health professionals results from potential donor identification issues, concerns when approaching families for consent and lack of notification to organ procurement representatives. This thesis studied interventions towards healthcare professionals to increase potential donor notification. First, a systematic review was designed to identify and analyze the impact of interventions aimed at health professionals to improve donation-promoting professional practices in clinical settings. A total of 15 studies were identified. Interventions were either educational, organizational or a combination of both, and had a weak theoretical basis. The most common behaviour change technique was providing instruction on the donation process. However, it was not possible to establish whether an intervention was efficient due to methodological flaws, poorly described samples or the lack of details on the content of the interventions and evaluation. Therefore, a questionnaire-based implementation intentions intervention (asking nurses to plan specific actions if faced with a number of barriers when reporting potential ocular donors) was developed and assessed through a randomized study clustered at the level of hospital departments. Twenty-six departments from five hospitals participated in this trial. The primary outcome was the potential ocular tissue donors’ notification rate before and after the intervention. Potential and achieved numbers of ocular tissue donors were evaluated six months before and three months after the intervention The study could not demonstrate a significant increase in the rate of ocular tissue donors (x2=1.14, 2; p=0.56). The follow-up period had to be shortened because the Ministry of Health introduced a legislative change making notification of all potential donors to donation stakeholders mandatory in clinical settings. The effectiveness of this new regulation on the potential ocular tissue donor notification rate in clinical settings was assessed. The notification rate of ocular tissue donors did not increase significantly after legislative changes (x2=0.01, p=0.93). Policy formulation and policy implementation issues are two possible reasons for this failure.
Nongou-Moundounga, Olivia. "Travail et santé au Gabon : quelles garanties de protection pour les salariés ?" Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2011/document.
Full textSince the first laws establishing a labor code in the Gabonese Republic in 1962, the rules relating to the protection of occupational health are based on two fundamental pillars, the prevention and repair of occupational hazards. With the 1994 reform of the Labor Code, special emphasis has been placed on risk prevention in the sense that it should be privileged, with reparation only being required in a secondary way. Despite this development, 20 years after this reform, the protection of workers' health is still essentially based on the reparation of work-related risks and the preservation of the employment of victims of work-related accidents and occupational diseases. Interest in the prevention and promotion of occupational health is perceptible but it remains hesitant. The general finding that emerges from the review of this protection is that it remains largely unimplemented, given many factors related to the essentially legislative and incomplete nature of the texts. The shortcomings are also due to difficulties in the organization of prevention. The implementation of occupational safety and health rules still poses many problems, which contributes to relativizing the protection that workers can claim
Thiam, Yacine. "Comprendre le vécu et les ressentis des patients chroniques à la suite d'un [programme] d'éducation thérapeutique en court séjour : le cas des patients cardiovasculaires du CHU Clermont-Ferrand." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF1MM14/document.
Full textThe professionals of the practice analysis and care organization take part in a complex system where biological, cultural and social factors interact. This research task focuses on the experiences of the cardiovascular patient entering a therapeutic education program, after an acute event (myocardial infarction or stroke). It is justified by the need to understand the phenomenon of recurrence, relapse and hospitalization returns despite an informative and educational treatment in cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, poor nutrition) during the initial hospitalization. Our main goal is therefore to understand these recurrences, relapses and hospitalization returns of cardiovascular patients other than the result of non-compliance. This qualitative research is carried out at the University Hospital Center of Clermont-Ferrand (Cardiology Department short stay) and at the cardio-pneumologic clinic of Durtol (follow-up and rehabilitation care center). The research is based on 22 observation situations of professional practices, nine focused interviews with professionals in these two sites above and 31 semi-structured interviews with the patients. These surveys are supplemented by an analysis of the French and Anglo-Saxon literature in the field of therapeutic education, compliance and behaviours change. In terms of results, the research presents the recurrences, relapses and returns to patients' short stay hospitalization as the result of an inappropriate care to their needs. Time discrepancies, experiences and felt between health professionals and patients during the initial hospitalization, inadequate structural short stay, the discontinuity of care and the inconsistencies in accordance with different levels of complexity (short stay, follow-up and rehabilitation care center and at the attending physicians', but mostly the confusion between the patient's education and the patient's information, makes medical and nursing requirements in terms of the change of risky behaviours hardly observable by patients. The current format of the relationship and the interactions patient/health professionals during the care doesn't promote the involvement and the active participation of patients in their care. In conclusion we retain that the elements which influence the patients' behaviours with respect to their treatments do not only depend on training, but on their experiences and felts and also on their interactions with health professionals. The informative and educational care of the risk factors sometimes conceals the relational aspect of this therapeutic and the cognitive and emotive capacities of the patients. It should follow a double evolution: that of the patient (his emotions, his expectations, his life plans) and that of the pathology. This work also seeks to answer to the following question: why and how a socio- anthropological approach allows us to understand the patients' behaviours on one hand and the health professionals on the other hand in a context of PTE (patient's therapeutic education) in short stay? It argues for a reconnection between social sciences and medical and nursing in the French health care system and shows the significant contribution but still too little used by social sciences in this area
Hamel, Emmanuel. "Modèles de renouvellement avec effets de tendance, et application à l'assurance pour fautes des professionnels de la santé." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33068.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous présentons une classe très large de processus de dénombrement, incluant le processus de renouvellement et le processus de Poisson non-homogène, à laquelle s’ajouteront des taux d’escompte stochastiques afin de modéliser les coûts agrégés liés aux assurances pour fautes des professionnels de la santé. Ainsi, dans l’introduction, nous présentons certaines caractéristiques importantes du processus des coûts agrégés liés aux assurances pour fautes des professionnels de la santé. Au chapitre 1, nous présentons des concepts théoriques préalables à l’élaboration et l’application du modèle mathématique qui sera proposé au chapitre 4. Au chapitre 2, nous présentons des résultats liés aux processus de Poisson non-homogène composé et de Cox composé, avec escompte. En particulier, nous y présentons des expressions analytiques pour les fonctions génératrices des moments qui seront inversées numériquement en utilisant la transformée de Fourier afin d’obtenir une approximation de la fonction de répartition. Au chapitre 3, nous considérons une classe de processus qui généralise celle étudiée au chapitre 2 : les processus de renouvellement composés, avec effet de tendance et escompte. Pour cette nouvelle classe, nous obtenons des formules récursives pour le calcul des moments ainsi que des expressions analytiques pour la fonction génératrice des moments, fonction qui peut être inversée analytiquement ou numériquement dans plusieurs cas particuliers afin d’obtenir une expression exacte ou une approximation de la fonction de répartition. Au chapitre 4, nous présentons les hypothèses du modèle stochastique qui servira à évaluer le risque du processus des coûts agrégés liés aux assurances pour fautes des professionnels de la santé, ce dernier généralisant la classe de modèles considérée au chapitre 3. Au chapitre 5, nous calibrons le modèle proposé au chapitre 4 sur la base de données des réclamations « fermées » d’une compagnie d’assurance de la Floride. Finalement, nous concluons cette thèse avec un résumé des nouveaux résultats et une discussion sur les avenues de recherches potentielles liées à la présente thèse.
In this thesis, we present a very large class of counting processes including the renewal process and the non-homogeneous Poisson process, to which we add stochastic discount rates, in order to model the aggregate cost related to medical malpractice insurance. In the introduction, we present some important characteristics related to the cost process of medical malpractice insurance. In Chapter 1, we present some theoretical concepts that will be used to build the aggregate cost process related to the medical malpractice insurance model that is proposed in Chapter 4. In Chapter 2, we present some results related to the compound non-homogeneous Poisson and compound Cox processes with a discount factor. In particular, we derive an analytic expression for the moment generating functions that will be inverted numerically using Fourier transforms in order to obtain an approximation of the probability distribution function. In Chapter 3, we study a class of models that generalizes the class of models studied in Chapter 2 : the compound trend renewal process with discount factor. For this new class of processes, we obtain recursive formulas for the moment calculations and an analytic expression for the moment generating function. The moment generating function can be inverted analytically or numerically for many particular cases in order to obtain an exact expression or an approximation of the probability distribution function. In Chapter 4, we present the stochastic model that will be used to measure the risk of an agregate cost related to medical malpractice insurance, which also generalizes the class of models considered in Chapter 3. In Chapter 5, we calibrate the model proposed in Chapter 4 on the closed claims database of Florida. The conclusion follows with a short summary of the results and an outline of some extensions for future research.
Kubiak, Julien. "La "managérialisation" de la prévention des risques professionnels en entreprise. Enquête parmi les préventeurs de la S.N.C.F." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV023.
Full textThis thesis deals with the transformations that the prevention of occupational risks underwent in the french national railway company (SNCF) from 1991 to 2012. The research methodology intertwines a long term ethnographical observation (within the framework of a private contract from 2008 to 2010) with a historical research, as well as the analysis of more than 130 interviews. This work allows us to retrace the history of prevention and of the actors of prevention in the company ever since the launching of the first staff safety national policy and until the nomination of the « competent worker » in occupational health and safety (OHS), in july 2012. Through this specific angle, the thesis shows how the « managerialization » of OHS reframes both the content and the meaning of prevention. The concept of « managerialization » refers to the various phasesof a process that benefits from the lack of clarity of the prevention legislation to aim at reaching management goals. The ocupational risks « managerialization » feeds from the opportunities created by the ambiguity of its general principles and by the recent upheaval in the division of labour in the OHS field. Analysing the evolution of the work of the company prevention workers, similarities and constants reveal a task classification that responds to three different types of risks. The shift from occupational health risks prevention to the prevention of risks of a bureaucratic (non-compliance) and social nature (strikes) reflects the evolution of the prevention sector as part of the global evolution of the company, at the edge of railway liberalization
Stul, Olivier. "Les risques en finance : fabriqués ou subis ? : des convictions de professionnels à une analyse sociologique des déterminants organisationnels dans la gestion des risques des multinationales de la finance." Paris, EHESS, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01318695.
Full textThe financial crisis triggered in 2007 exposed the limits of quantitative tools for risk management in finance, revealing the necessity of a qualitative study of human adaptation towards these technical tools. How have these human efforts to reduce risk evolved in global financial companies since the late 80s? Did their employees become less vigilant? Has corporate risk increased over this period ? This research explores these issues through three levels of complexity : - A " macro " level where global figures and trends are studied through academic literature and indicators. - A "meso" level where finance professionals are interviewed in their natural environment. - A " micro " level with 20 case studies of tangible financial losses. Results indicate that, although the definition of risk evolved during the period studied, remains controversial and eventually appears to be a social construction, overall risk has increased. An unbiased reading of the relationships between company and employees remains complex, but it appears that employees' motivation to protect their company is decreasing due to an increased sense of insecurity. A causal analysis of operational losses reveals multiple key factors that are either underestimated or obscured by global companies. These factors are correlated to human behaviours, influenced by organisation and management tools
Moussa, Abba Aïssata. "Attitudes et pratiques des professionnels de la santé vis-à-vis la promotion de l'allaitement maternel exclusif au Niger : cas de la communauté urbaine de Niamey (CUN)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26641/26641.pdf.
Full textKiyang, Lawrence Ndoh. "Intention des professionnels de la santé d'aider les femmes ciblées par le Programme Québécois de Dépistage du Cancer du sein à prendre une décision éclairée concernant leur participation au dépistage du cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23694.
Full textThis descriptive study, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, evaluated health professionals’ intention to help women targeted by the Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Programme in making informed decisions about breast cancer screening with mammography. The 288 family physicians and 618 nurses who responded to our questionnaire had a strong intention to adopt this behaviour. The perception of behavioural control was the variable most strongly associated with intention, followed by attitude, and social norm. The main barriers to the adoption of the studied behaviour, as perceived by participants were lack of time and limited access to information. The intention of health professionals as well as the adoption of the studied behaviour could be reinforced by training activities on informed decision making and relevant decision support tools made available.
Pérez, Caraballo Gimena. "Activité et compétences professionnelles dans des espaces culturellement et linguistiquement hybrides : le cas des professionnels de santé à la frontière Uruguay-Brésil." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20068.
Full textThis research focuses on the study of health professionals who work on the border between Uruguay and Brazil. This area is characterized not only by a “culture of the borderlands”, but also by multilingualism because two standard languages (Spanish and Portuguese) as well as two local dialects (Portuguese Gaucho da Fronteira and Uruguayan-Portuguese - popularly called portuñol) are found in this territory. It is in this particular sense that we are trying to understand how healthcare professionals work in such a singular and complex area. The aim of this research is to study these workers’ professional activity and the competences they employ in their domain to better take care of the patients living in the border. We wonder which competences, other than technical, are necessary to these professionals to ensure a suitable and efficient care of the patients whose socio-economic, linguistic and cultural background may differ from theirs. We have chosen to work on this subject using a variety of techniques, which differ greatly but are all relevant in helping us achieve a holistic understanding of the topic we are studying. In this way, we will mention francophone ergonomics, the theory of conceptual fields developed by Gerard Vergnaud, the clinic of activity, and research from the domain of intercultural studies. More specifically using the historical-cultural theory of mind developed by the Russian school of psychology (in particular Vygotski and Leontiev’s work), we will study the professional activity and competences expressed through this activity. For this purpose, we have conducted this study with 208 Uruguayan and Brazilian professionals, using five methodological tools: ethnographic observations, a questionnaire, informal interviews, the so-called instruction to a double, and self-confrontation interviews. The results of this research show that the health professionals who work on that borderland seem to have developed a set of competences, other than technical, in order to provide more suitable and efficient care. Moreover, and in these quantitative and qualitative results, we have noticed that this culturally hybrid context is not an obstacle to their professional activity. On the contrary, in some cases, it is even likely to help them develop other skills and take initiatives that exceed what is demanded by technical requirements as well as their job's requirements
Marsaud, Françoise. "Etude de la séroprévalence du virus C dans la population soignante d'un service d'hémodialyse et d'un service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M050.
Full textHochlaf, Amira. "La structure argumentative des professionnels de santé face au dossier patient informatisé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0103.
Full textHospitals are undergoing a wave of profound transformations aimed primarily at computerizing the health system, such as the activity-based pricing (T2A), quality approaches and more recently the progressive implementation of ERP systems (PGI).A current organizational innovation is the deployment of an electronic patient record (EPR) to digitize, process and share medical and administrative data relating to a patient to better control health costs and improvement the management of the care pathway. However, this type of technology has aroused the opposition of many healthcare professional in the hospitals of AP-HP (Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris). Therefore, this research was interested in the arguments of the healthcare against the EPR and explored a new field of research related to the argumentation in the steps of implementation of the IS.The review of the literature review reveals that these arguments can be coordinated into three meta-themes: functional, political and ethical arguments. This research also investigates the structural nature of these three dimensions. The studies were considered by IS research in order that the different forms of inertia opposing the implementation of information systems (IS) could establish a "structure". Hence the formulation of our research question:To what extent are the arguments in opposition to IPR interrelated by showing that the functional, political and ethical dimensions of their argument form a structure?A single case study was analyzed in order to explore and evaluate the critical arguments. The data analysis reveals two types of results. First, the analysis validates the literature categorization according to which there are three main types of critical arguments; functional, political and ethical. Second, the analysis shows the existence of an argumentative structure composed of relatively stable and reciprocal relations between the functional, the political and the ethical so that the transformation of the one cannot be considered without the transformation of the whole.The reciprocity of relationships highlights the strength of this argumentative structure. The latter shows the importance of jointly taking into account the functional, political and ethical aspects in the development and implementation of health information systems
Denise, Thomas. "La fabrique des soins en réanimation : entre héritage clinique, injonctions managériales et incertitude médicale." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC009/document.
Full textThis thesis on The Manufacturing of Care in Intensive Care Units aims to show how provision of care for patients requiring highly technical treatment is part of a categorization which is both sociological and anthropological. From a socio-historical approach which aims to retrace how a medical practice of emergency and uncertainty was built up, this involves identifying the professional substructures and the conditions under which the care segment of intensive care has emerged. This approach leads us to question more specifically the evolution of this segment within the framework of the modernization of public hospitals. The standardization undertaken by public authorities invites us to reconsider singular care practices which are grappling with the medical uncertainty resulting from the provision of care to patients whose lives are in danger.These practices are singular in relation to 'emergency routines' which are applied in work supervision, as well as in relation to the patients admitted for treatment. This singularity applies also to the moral behaviour which leads the handling of 'human materials'. The manufacturing of care in intensive care units thus invites us to grasp the socio-anthropological issues which the gradual opening of services to the public reveals a little more each day
Hayat, Brigitte. "Sécurisation du circuit des chimiothérapies en établissement hospitalier : application à la production des médicaments anticancéreux." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275793.
Full textThe implementation of the Cancer Plan encourage the hospital pharmacists to deal with the production of chemotherapies within the framework of units of preparation. The problems highlighted appearing with the passing of years this high-risk production for the patients and the personnel aim to the security of the whole of the circuit of chemotherapies at the hospital and in particular of the process of their production. The analysis that we led proceeded in two times : a research of the state of the art in the field of the systems then that of the risk management , then, we applied them to the field of the circuit of chemotherapies in our hospital and the definition of the matrix of criticality, the analysis of the risks relating to the scenarios of accident associated with each dangerous situation identified , the construction of the cartographies and finally the development of the catalogue of the parameters of safety. We showed a general method by initially leading the functional analysis of the system then by determining the dangerous situations. The method of risk management retained is the Preliminary Analysis of the Risks (APR) which comprises the definition of the system in terms , the development of the cartography of the dangers and the dangerous situations and then, the analysis, the evaluation and the treatment of the initial and residual risks. To implement it, we proceeded to the definition of the scales of gravity, probability, criticality, effort and the definition of the matrix of criticality, the analysis of the risks relating to the scenarios of accidents ,of the cartographies and the catalogue of the catalogue of the parameters of safety
Delort, Sylvie. "La responsabilité des chirurgiens, des anesthésistes et des établissements de santé." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020055.
Full textMoulin, Pierre. "Soins palliatifs et sida : permanence et changements des cultures soignantes : étude psychosociologique des professionnels de santé confrontés à la prise en charge des patients sidéens en fin de vie dans deux services de l'Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0097.
Full textCapella, Audric. "L’encadrement des professions libérales en France : l’exemple du corps médical de la IIIe à la IVe République. De la conception à la confirmation des ordres de santé." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0026.
Full textThe regulation of liberal professions in France was increasingly considered necessary since the events of the French Revolution leading to the sudden dissolution of corporations. The increase of judiciary scandals involving health professionals during the Third Republic revived the question of surveillance and control of liberal activities and caused an important debate in French society. Facing the incapacity of public authorities to defend their moral and material interests, some medical practitioners took the initiative to join together to form associations and, later on, unions, before demanding the establishment of mandatory groups which would be charged with remedying issues such as the commercialization of medicine, medical failures and saturation of the profession. These aspirations would finally be realized and even exceeded with the rise of the Vichy regime and the implementation of a corporate policy, leading to the creation of eight professional associations, with five of them dedicated to the medical field. As regulatory bodies and unique representatives of the profession, these associations of doctors, pharmacists, dental surgeons, midwives and veterinarians were entitled to discipline the medical community and support their members. However, due to their forced implication in the discriminatory and anti-Semitic policies of the Vichy Government, those organizations were quickly dissolved at the Liberation before being restored, alongside the unions, on Republican basis
Mihindou, Boussougou Parfait. "Représentation des risques d’accidents typiques du milieu hospitalier chez les infirmiers du C.H.L-Gabon : approche psychosociale du travail et des organisations." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0034/document.
Full textThe hospital is an environment of professional risks. Therefore, this research falls within the field of social occupational psychology and organizations with health at workplace as the main interest, a practical and research field which aims at improving health, at preventing and protecting workers in hospitals. In this research, we discuss the risk of accidents due to blood exposure (AES risks), risks to which nurses are daily exposed to during the accomplishment of their tasks. Aware of these professionals ills, in the hospital, the institutions listed in the protection of health care professionals, particularly the study group of risks due to exposure to blood (GERES) and the coordination center against hospital-based infections (CCLIN) have established standard measures and safety equipment to reduce the probability of the occurrence of the risk of accidents due to exposure to blood in the hospital.Our subject comes within the scope of the representation of professional risks, especially the risk of accidents due to exposure to blood (AES risks) among the nurses of the Libreville City Hospital- Gabon (CHL- Gabon). The representation of the risk of accidents related to exposure to blood may or may not incite nurses to respect standard precautions and to use safety equipment
Million-Rousseau, Emilie. "La représentation élue du personnel en matière de santé et de sécurité." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020032.
Full textSince the emergence of the CHSCT (health, safety and working conditions committee) in 1982, the elected representation of employees has profoundly changed. Employee representatives, works councils and the CHSCT have had to adapt to the considerable extension of the concepts of health and safety. The integration of the requirement to protect the mental health of workers in the Labour Code has radically altered the scope of competence of the CHSCT. The prevention of psychosocial risks quickly invited itself as the centre of its concerns, thereby extending the consultation obligation borne by the employer. Projects and measures that initially only required the consultation of the works council are now also subject to the prior opinion of the CHSCT. In this procedure of double consultation the employer is guided by the principle of specialty that turns the works council in a mere rubber stamp of the opinion of the specialized committee. The expansion of the CHSCT has caused reiterations and cumbersomeness. A reform must be considered. Transformation of the specialized body in a committee of the works council or redistribution of powers of each : the alternative offered requires discussion
Bourrée, Fanny. "Comparaison de trois méthodes pour évaluer les risques professionnels liés à l'utilisation de produits chimiques cancérogènes, mutagènes et toxiques pour la reproduction et liés aux facteurs psycho socio organisationnels dans des laboratoires de recherche." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21555.
Full textThe occupational hazards evaluation in research laboratories is not nowadays developed enough, partly because expertise and load of work requested by actual methods. Main objective was to compare two innovative methods : Delphi and nominal group (NG), in a classical method founded on observation and interview. The realization order of consensus methods was drawn lots. Two hazards, chemical (carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) and psycho social organizational (PSO), were independently evaluated in 13 research laboratories wuth a standardized and common questionnaire. The sensitivity and specificity of NG method (Se = 0,86 ; Sp = 0,74) for identifying CMR used were superior to those of Delphi (Se = 0. 83 ; Sp = 0. 57). Probability of identifying PSO factors by NG method (OR = 2,4) and Delphi (OR = 1,6) were significantly higher ythan the observation. The correlation between the results of methods was between 0. 17 and 0. 33. Logistic regression showed that the size of the laboratory and the medium seniority of the participants were parameters on the methods performance for both types of hazards. NG seems preferable because of its performance, feasibility and acceptability. Occupational hazards evaluation was not yet sufficiently integrated into the research lab, NG could find its place in the occupational hazards evaluation paragdim. It could be a tool for identification and used internally and serve as a preliminary screening tool for the doctors at work of occupational safety and health person to guide and facilitate monitoring of workers and to feed the "document unique". Based on a simple methodology working group NG allows professionals more aware of the occupational hazards evaluation by placing them at the heart of the process
Fortin, Gabrielle. "Élaboration et évaluation d’une stratégie d’application des connaissances pour les professionnels de la santé sur la détermination des objectifs de soins avec les personnes malades." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67446.
Full textGoals of care conversation (GOCC), a process which consists in identifying with patients the appropriate care for their health condition in accordance with their life plan, is arguably one of the most difficult decisions patients with serious illnesses will face. GOCC implies discussion between the physician and the patient (or his Substitute Decision Maker). It is often complex, since the preferred care orientation for patients must consider their health situation while being consistent with their beliefs, preferences and values as well as those of their relatives. To address these complex situations, the contribution of an interprofessional team is required to support patients in their global perspective. There is, however, a gap that needs to be filled amidst interdisciplinary teamwork in order to integrate GOCC discussions in the routine of care teams so that GOCC no longer rely solely on discussions between the physicians and their patients. In order to reduce this gap, a knowledge transfer strategy aimed at optimizing interprofessional collaboration practices in GOCC situations with the participation of the patients and their relatives was proposed. Co-constructed and deployed in a clinical environment in collaboration with health and social services providers, the knowledge transfer strategy was evaluated in three successive phases, either at the time of its development, during its implementation and finally, after this in order to assess the impact on clinical practices. Twenty-six healthcare providers from different disciplines practicing at the CHU de Québec- Université Laval and at the CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale took part in the knowledge strategy, which main activity was the interprofessional training session held during Winter 2018. Analysis of collected data during development and implementation phases highlights : 1) relevance in mobilizing the various players targeted by the knowledge transfer strategy in order to develop relevant content that takes into account the needs and realities in practice context; 2) the need to obtain support from the management of establishments to facilitate the deployment of this type of initiative in health care and health services environments; 3) the importance of fostering a climate of openness and discussion spaces during interdisciplinary training session to promote the appropriation of interprofessional competencies, as well as a place conducive to the development of critical reflections on the participants' GOCC practice. The highlights of the short-term impact assessment phase of the strategy emphasized three main changes observed by the participants in their GOCC practice: 1) better appropriation of a harmonized level of care form for discussing end-of-life issues with patients; 2) improved IPC practices in complex GOCC situations through better affirmation of their expertise role along with recognition of other professionals’ role in this decision-making process, and 3) reaffirmed roles of advocacy, support and enabler with patients and families in GOCC context. In light of these results, recommendations are made to optimize the timely participation of sick people in informed decision-making processes about their end-of-life care, this in an interprofessional collaboration perspective. Recommendations related to the provision of earlier support services in the care trajectory of patients with serious illness, with a potentially fatal outcome in order to facilitate dialogue between patients and stakeholders in anticipation of end-of-life are also presented. This thesis concludes by proposing avenues to be explored in research.Goals of care conversation (GOCC), a process which consists in identifying with patients the appropriate care for their health condition in accordance with their life plan, is arguably one of the most difficult decisions patients with serious illnesses will face. GOCC implies discussion between the physician and the patient (or his Substitute Decision Maker). It is often complex, since the preferred care orientation for patients must consider their health situation while being consistent with their beliefs, preferences and values as well as those of their relatives. To address these complex situations, the contribution of an interprofessional team is required to support patients in their global perspective. There is, however, a gap that needs to be filled amidst interdisciplinary teamwork in order to integrate GOCC discussions in the routine of care teams so that GOCC no longer rely solely on discussions between the physicians and their patients. In order to reduce this gap, a knowledge transfer strategy aimed at optimizing interprofessional collaboration practices in GOCC situations with the participation of the patients and their relatives was proposed. Co-constructed and deployed in a clinical environment in collaboration with health and social services providers, the knowledge transfer strategy was evaluated in three successive phases, either at the time of its development, during its implementation and finally, after this in order to assess the impact on clinical practices. Twenty-six healthcare providers from different disciplines practicing at the CHU de Québec- Université Laval and at the CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale took part in the knowledge strategy, which main activity was the interprofessional training session held during Winter 2018. Analysis of collected data during development and implementation phases highlights : 1) relevance in mobilizing the various players targeted by the knowledge transfer strategy in order to develop relevant content that takes into account the needs and realities in practice context; 2) the need to obtain support from the management of establishments to facilitate the deployment of this type of initiative in health care and health services environments; 3) the importance of fostering a climate of openness and discussion spaces during interdisciplinary training session to promote the appropriation of interprofessional competencies, as well as a place conducive to the development of critical reflections on the participants' GOCC practice. The highlights of the short-term impact assessment phase of the strategy emphasized three main changes observed by the participants in their GOCC practice: 1) better appropriation of a harmonized level of care form for discussing end-of-life issues with patients; 2) improved IPC practices in complex GOCC situations through better affirmation of their expertise role along with recognition of other professionals’ role in this decision-making process, and 3) reaffirmed roles of advocacy, support and enabler with patients and families in GOCC context. In light of these results, recommendations are made to optimize the timely participation of sick people in informed decision-making processes about their end-of-life care, this in an interprofessional collaboration perspective. Recommendations related to the provision of earlier support services in the care trajectory of patients with serious illness, with a potentially fatal outcome in order to facilitate dialogue between patients and stakeholders in anticipation of end-of-life are also presented. This thesis concludes by proposing avenues to be explored in research.
Diadama, Sette. "Déterminants des intentions liées à la mobilité internationale chez les professionnels de la santé d'origine étrangère résidant en France." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G013.
Full textIn the context of globalization and a growing demand for highly qualified human resources, many healthcare professionals from the developing countries are now moving on their own initiative to the developed countries. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the determinants of international mobility intentions among foreign-born (outside the UE) healthcare professionals living in France. In this respect, we have built a research model based on the research on careers management and the theories related to cross-cultural adjustment and career anchors. Our research takes into account three main dimensions: (i) cross-cultural adjustment (to work, to interacting with host nationals, and to the general environment), (ii) hierarchical career plateauing and career satisfaction, and (iii) the role of career anchors, specially «geographical stability» and «internationalism». In fact, we seek to clarify the influence of each of these three dimensions on the intention (a) to return to the country of origin, (b) to go to another, (c) to stay in France. Following a review of the literature, research hypotheses were formulated. Data was collected, by questionnaires, from foreign-born healthcare professionals living in France. Statistical analyses were based on a sample of 317 responses. The main results show, on the one hand, that cross-cultural adjustment in France has no significant effect neither on the intention to return to the country of origin nor on the intention to go to another country. However, interaction adjustment has a positive and significant effect on the intention to stay in France. On the other hand, hierarchical career plateauing is positively and significantly related to the intention to return to the country of origin and to the intention to go to another country. It should be noted that career satisfaction is significantly related to the intention to stay in France. Distributive justice, for its part, has a positive and significant influence on general adjustment and career satisfaction but has a negative and significant effect on hierarchical career plateauing. Finally, our results underline the influence of career anchors on the intentions related to international mobility. When it comes to control variables, we see that personal characteristics, decision-making aspects, and contextual elements play a role in the international mobility dynamic of the foreign-born healthcare professionals living in France. Based on our results, we have formulated managerial and practical implications that could encourage the foreign-born healthcare professionals to return to their country of origin but also to stay in France. Limitations and vision statement for the future research are underlined in the conclusion
Mangin, d'Hermantin Bertrand. "Nouvelle figure de l'encadrement en proximité dans une entreprise en transformation : une analyse clinique des identités professionnelles et leurs troubles au carrefour d'enjeux institutionnels, professionnels et psychiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC128.
Full textSince the end of the 1980s, SNCF has been committed to renewing its managerial model. This railway company progressive mutation resulted into a call to managerial practise’s evolution; the evolution also concerned the supervisors' role in the running of the organization. Through these evolutions, a new figure of the agent as a singular and subjective subject has gradually been established within the company. Our thesis focuses on the current forms of professional identities of proximity supervisors to the yardstick of these recent institutional transformations. In a clinical approach focused on the study of the subjective constructions of the subjects, we analyze the ambiguity of the relationship maintained by proximity supervisors to this new figure of the agent. The institutional contents come to legitimate, among the interviewed professionals, a connection to the team characterized by a community logic. Simultaneously, they weaken the supervisors in their affiliation to the leading group and expose them to internal anxieties due in particular to the mental burden represented by the intimate problems addressed to them by their agents. In addition, our research questions the emergence of a new Protée’s figure of the proximity supervisor, constantly recomposing herself in the way in which she reveals her affiliations, her postures, her relationships with the team and the company. Our field survey is also about the powerlessness and downgrading feelings produced by the juridical frame and logic proper to the railway company, specifically regarding employee’s protection, on the proximity supervisors. Finally, we question the sacrificial postures adopted by certain professionals as answers to this particular institutional functioning
Huret, Audrey. "La gestion du risque pénal par les établissements de santé." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10005/document.
Full textThe health is a particular domain within which the human interests are confronted with the reality of the cost of the delivery of care. In this context, it is then necessary to wonder about a particular question that is the management of the penal risk by the establishments of health. This problem is essential because the protection of the health and the conservation of the physical integrity of the patient, but also the staffs and every outside person, are at the heart of their activity. Their objective is then to look after by facing a large number of constraints, sanitary but also economic, by avoiding the realization of the penal risk, and same by maintaining the level of the latter at least and so avoid the commitment of any penal responsibility