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Zhu, Zhengxu, and Ray Y. Zhong. "A digital twin enabled wearable device for customized healthcare." Digital Twin 2 (November 28, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17717.1.
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Background: The traditional healthcare process centers on the hospital rather than the individual patient. The demand for continuous monitoring is increasing with the increasing proportion of patients with chronic diseases and the elderly. Wearable medical devices have brought medical monitoring into the Internet age. To improve the devices' adaptability, this research proposes a combination between digital twin (DT) and wearable medical devices is proposed to provide personalized wearable medical devices and personalized healthcare efficiently. Methods: A DT-enabled smart system is proposed for personalization in the design, manufacturing, and data tracking of a healthcare device prototype. A case study is made for three healthcare monitoring scenarios: rehabilitation training, wheelchair, and human fall. Based on computer-aided design and additive print, a triaxial vibration collection bracelet with a simple Internet of things mode is designed and manufactured in personalization. Results: The bracelet shows great application ability in this case study, including design, manufacturing, and remote connection. 10 groups of data were recorded in each scenario. In rehabilitation training and wheelchair experiments, the average values of correlation coefficient between models and the actual data are 0.991 and 0.749 respectively. In human fall experiment, the motion signal parameters of the user and movement pattern were clearly identified. These results provide the basis for applications in different scenarios. Conclusions: The device is representative, with good personalization and health monitoring performance, and has excellent potential for large-scale application. DT will provide a new feasible solution for the realization of personalized medicine.
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Murthy, Rupa. ""Personalized Medicine" : An Innovative Concept." International Journal of Health and Medicine 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijhm.2018.3.1.01.
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"Personalized Medicine" is about empowering patients to have access to their health information at all times.[1] Empowering implies patient participation through the ongoing process of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.[1] More importantly, "Personalized Medicine" is about having insights into one's health by being able to visualize, recognize, and take timely corrective action when necessary.[1] As important time may be wasted when looking for information during emergencies resulting in delays and potential medical errors, "Personalized Medicine" offers a way for medical and emergency personnel to immediately obtain accurate, adequate patient information which can be useful, especially if the patient is unable to communicate verbally.[1] By drawing insights from one's health data "Personalized Medicine" enables patients to seek medical care early on and helps them to make the right treatment choices.[1] Storing, retrieving and having access to one's health information, being able to edit and update it when necessary, the ability to draw valuable insight's from one's health data, and the availability of personal health information for quick and easy access by medical personnel and first responders encompasses the concept of “Personalized Medicine”.[1] Microchip technology can make patient information more accessible especially in rural and remote areas.[1] It improves productivity and quality of patient care by providing patients with the relevant information for making better treatment choices and reduces the cost of health care through early diagnosis and treatment.[1] A micro-chipped Personalized Medical Card is a convenient medium to store and retrieve up-to-date health information.[1] By conforming to the standards of privacy and security patient's can have access to their health data without compromising their personal information.[1] A subcutaneous gold-plated microchip insert designed to store vital life saving patient information can be accessed via a smartphone, tablet, or other electronic device from anywhere, anytime.[1] The gold-plated microchip implant is inserted underneath the patient's skin and contained in the subcutaneous layer.[1] The gold-plated microchip has a wireless connection with the device using the state-of-the-art technology and can be paired with a software application that can be readily edited and updated.[1] Therefore, the device saves not only extensive amount of time and effort but also eliminates the need for unnecessary medical tests and treatment.[1] In addition, timely access to updated information can prevent written or spoken patient information which might be lost in transition or translation thereby leading to medication error or wrong treatment.[1] A gold-plated microchip inserted inside the patient's body as a medical device or tagged to a medical device allows patient self-monitoring of vital statistics of specific conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, kidney functions and other metrics associated with different aspects of body function.[1] It acts as a sensor which enables patients to monitor vital parameters of their condition precisely in real time and allows them to lead independent and more productive lives without the need for continuous monitoring or medical supervision.[1] It could potentially be used for investigating structural and functional abnormalities of the heart, liver, kidney, etc.[1] The gold-plated microchip can prove useful in the treatment of conductive disorders such as dysaarythmias and to mitigate symptoms and dysfunction due to myocardial infarction, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic renal disorders, etc.[1] With soaring health care costs the patient's ability to manage their health condition with ease and convenience in the absence of their health care providers empowers patients to enhance their productivity and quality of life, and reduce the cost of care.[1] In addition to patient participation, leveraging technology drives better outcomes and empowers patients to lead a better quality of life which essentially is the true objective of "Personalized Medicine".[1]
"Personalized Medicine" is a patented concept.[1] If you are interested as an investor or partner for "Personalized Medicine" please contact me at dr.rupamurthy@yahoo.com
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Peirlinck, M., F. Sahli Costabal, J. Yao, J. M. Guccione, S. Tripathy, Y. Wang, D. Ozturk, et al. "Precision medicine in human heart modeling." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 20, no. 3 (February 12, 2021): 803–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01421-z.
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AbstractPrecision medicine is a new frontier in healthcare that uses scientific methods to customize medical treatment to the individual genes, anatomy, physiology, and lifestyle of each person. In cardiovascular health, precision medicine has emerged as a promising paradigm to enable cost-effective solutions that improve quality of life and reduce mortality rates. However, the exact role in precision medicine for human heart modeling has not yet been fully explored. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for personalized human heart simulations, from diagnosis to device design, treatment planning, and prognosis. With a view toward personalization, we map out the history of anatomic, physical, and constitutive human heart models throughout the past three decades. We illustrate recent human heart modeling in electrophysiology, cardiac mechanics, and fluid dynamics and highlight clinically relevant applications of these models for drug development, pacing lead failure, heart failure, ventricular assist devices, edge-to-edge repair, and annuloplasty. With a view toward translational medicine, we provide a clinical perspective on virtual imaging trials and a regulatory perspective on medical device innovation. We show that precision medicine in human heart modeling does not necessarily require a fully personalized, high-resolution whole heart model with an entire personalized medical history. Instead, we advocate for creating personalized models out of population-based libraries with geometric, biological, physical, and clinical information by morphing between clinical data and medical histories from cohorts of patients using machine learning. We anticipate that this perspective will shape the path toward introducing human heart simulations into precision medicine with the ultimate goals to facilitate clinical decision making, guide treatment planning, and accelerate device design.
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Hutchison, Stephen, Michael Grandner, Zohar Bromberg, Zoe Morrell, Arnulf Graf, and Dustin Freckleton. "0101 Performance of a Multisensor Ring to Evaluate Sleep At-Home Relative to PSG and Actigraphy: Importance of Generalized Versus Personalized Scoring." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A45—A46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.099.
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Abstract Introduction Multisensor sleep wearable devices have demonstrated utility for research and relative accuracy for discerning sleep-wake patterns at home and in the laboratory. Additional sensors and more complex scoring algorithms may improve the ability of wearables to assess sleep health. Methods Thirty-six healthy adults completed assessment while wearing the experimental device (Happy Ring), as well as Philips Actiwatch, Fitbit, Oura, and Whoop devices. Evaluations at home were conducted using the Dreem headband as an at-home polysomnography reference. The experimental Happy Ring device includes accelerometry, photoplethysmography, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature. Epoch-by-epoch analyses compared the Happy Ring to home polysomnography, as well as other sleep-tracking wearable devices. Scoring was accomplished using two machine-learning-derived algorithms: a “generalized” algorithm, similar to that used in other devices, which was static and applied to all users, and a “personalized” algorithm where parameters are personalized, dynamic, and change based on data collected across different parts of the night of sleep. Results Compared to home polysomnography, the Happy generalized algorithm demonstrated good sensitivity (94%) and specificity (67%), and the Happy personalized algorithm also performed well (93% and 75%, respectively). Other devices demonstrated good sensitivity, ranging from 91% (Whoop) to 96% (Oura). However, specificity was more variable, ranging from 41% (Actiwatch) to 60% (Fitbit). Overall accuracy using the Happy Ring was 91% for generalized and 92% for personalized algorithms, compared to 92% for Oura, 89% for Whoop, 89% for Fitbit, and 89% for Actiwatch. Regarding sleep stages, accuracy for the Happy Ring was 66%, 83%, and 78% for light, deep, and REM sleep, respectively, for the generalized algorithm. For the personalized algorithm accuracy was 78%, 92%, and 95%, for light, deep and REM sleep, respectively. Post-hoc analyses showed that the Happy personalized algorithm demonstrated better specificity than all other modalities (p<0.001). Kappa scores were 0.42 for generalized and 0.60 for personalized, compared to 0.45 for Oura, 0.47 for Whoop, and 0.48 for Fitbit. Conclusion The multisensory Happy ring demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of sleep at home. The personalized approach outperformed all others, representing a potential innovation for improving detection accuracy. Support (If Any) Dr. Grandner is supported by R01DA051321 and R01MD011600. This work was supported by Happy Health, Inc.
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Kampusch, Stefan, Eugenijus Kaniusas, Florian Thürk, Dorian Felten, Ibolya Hofmann, and Jozsef C. Széles. "Device development guided by user satisfaction survey on auricular vagus nerve stimulation." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2016-0131.
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AbstractDevelopment of wearable point-of-care medical devices faces many challenges. Besides technological and clinical issues, demands on robustness, miniaturization, and user interface design are of paramount importance. However, a systematic assessment of these non-functional but essential requirements is often impossible within the first product cycle. Later, surveys on user satisfaction with existing devices and user demands can offer significant input for device re-development and improvement. In this paper, we present a survey on satisfaction with and demands for a wearable medical device for percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (pVNS). We analyzed 36 responses from patients treated with pVNS and five responses from experienced physicians in order to devise a future concept of pVNS. Main shortcomings of a current pVNS device were identified to be lacking water resistance and mechanical robustness, both impairing daily activities. Painful sensation during pVNS application, unwanted side effects like skin irritations and strongly varying perception of the stimulation were reported. Results urge for more patient self-governance and an (automatic) adjustment of the stimulation to the current physiological state of the patient. Attained results support a strategic approach for future developments of pVNS towards personalized health care.
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Tasnim, Farita, Atieh Sadraei, Bianca Datta, Mina Khan, Kyung Yun Choi, Atharva Sahasrabudhe, Tomás Alfonso Vega Gálvez, et al. "Towards personalized medicine: the evolution of imperceptible health-care technologies." foresight 20, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-08-2018-0075.
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Purpose When wearable and implantable devices first arose in the 1970s, they were rigid and clashed dramatically with our soft, pliable skin and organs. The past two decades have witnessed a major upheaval in these devices. Traditional electronics are six orders of magnitude stiffer than soft tissue. As a result, when rigid electronics are integrated with the human body, severe challenges in both mechanical and geometrical form mismatch occur. This mismatch creates an uneven contact at the interface of soft-tissue, leading to noisy and unreliable data gathering of the body’s vital signs. This paper aims to predict the role that discreet, seamless medical devices will play in personalized health care by discussing novel solutions for alleviating this interface mismatch and exploring the challenges in developing and commercializing such devices. Design methodology/approach Since the form factors of biology cannot be changed to match those of rigid devices, conformable devices that mimic the shape and mechanical properties of soft body tissue must be designed and fabricated. These conformable devices play the role of imperceptible medical interfaces. Such interfaces can help scientists and medical practitioners to gain further insights into the body by providing an accurate and reliable instrument that can conform closely to the target areas of interest for continuous, long-term monitoring of the human body, while improving user experience. Findings The authors have highlighted current attempts of mechanically adaptive devices for health care, and the authors forecast key aspects for the future of these conformable biomedical devices and the ways in which these devices will revolutionize how health care is administered or obtained. Originality/value The authors conclude this paper with the perspective on the challenges of implementing this technology for practical use, including device packaging, environmental life cycle, data privacy, industry partnership and collaboration.
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Hughes, Andrew D., Jeff Mattison, Laura T. Western, John D. Powderly, Bryan T. Greene, and Michael R. King. "Microtube Device for Selectin-Mediated Capture of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.176669.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be used clinically to treat cancer. As a diagnostic tool, the CTC count can be used to follow disease progression, and as a treatment tool, CTCs can be used to rapidly develop personalized therapeutic strategies. To be effectively used, however, CTCs must be isolated at high purity without inflicting cellular damage. METHODS We designed a microscale flow device with a functionalized surface of E-selectin and antibody molecules against epithelial markers. The device was additionally enhanced with a halloysite nanotube coating. We created model samples in which a known number of labeled cancer cells were suspended in healthy whole blood to determine device capture efficiency. We then isolated and cultured primary CTCs from buffy coat samples of patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer. RESULTS Approximately 50% of CTCs were captured from model samples. Samples from 12 metastatic cancer patients and 8 healthy participants were processed in nanotube-coated or smooth devices to isolate CTCs. We isolated 20–704 viable CTCs per 3.75-mL sample, achieving purities of 18%–80% CTCs. The nanotube-coated surface significantly improved capture purities (P = 0.0004). Experiments suggested that this increase in purity was due to suppression of leukocyte spreading. CONCLUSIONS The device successfully isolates viable CTCs from both blood and buffy coat samples. The approximately 50% capture rate with purities >50% with the nanotube coating demonstrates the functionality of this device in a clinical setting and opens the door for personalized cancer therapies.
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Aretxabaleta, Maite, Ariadne Roehler, Christian F. Poets, Alexander B. Xepapadeas, Bernd Koos, and Christina Weise. "Automation of Measurements for Personalized Medical Appliances by Means of CAD Software—Application in Robin Sequence Orthodontic Appliances." Bioengineering 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120773.
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Measuring the dimensions of personalized devices can provide relevant information for the production of future such devices used in various medical specialties. Difficulties with standardizing such measurement and obtaining high accuracy, alongside cost-intensive measuring methodologies, has dampened interest in this practice. This study presents a methodology for automatized measurements of personalized medical appliances of variable shape, in this case an orthodontic appliance known as Tübingen Palatal Plate (TPP). Parameters such as length, width and angle could help to standardize and improve its future use. A semi-automatic and custom-made program, based on Rhinoceros 7 and Grasshopper, was developed to measure the device (via an extraoral scanner digital file). The program has a user interface that allows the import of the desired part, where the user is able to select the necessary landmarks. From there, the program is able to process the digital file, calculate the necessary dimensions automatically and directly export all measurements into a document for further processing. In this way, a solution for reducing the time for measuring multiple dimensions and parts while reducing human error can be achieved.
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Akki, Rajesh, MUNAGALA GAYATRI RAMYA, K. Chinni Krishna, and Singaram Kathirvel. "Fabrication of drug eluting medical device for treating stenosis by 3D printing and dip coating using aspirin as a model drug." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 6-s (December 15, 2019): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i6-s.3767.
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3D printing is a new innovative manufacturing method for fabrication of customized medical devices. The customized medical devices & long-lasting implantable devices.has increasing demand for addressing some critical cases in surgeries.
The main aim of this work was to explore the potential of 3D printing in Fabrication of medical devices and prosthetics. The characters of the polymers, the features of softwares were studied.
The study showed that drug loading into filament through hot melt extrusion and followed by 3D printing has many defects such as denaturing of drugs at higher printing temperatures.
The invention discloses the dip coating process after fabrication of a 3D printed polymer structure. The drug release depends up on the surface area of the device, coated polymer, concentration of drug and thickness of the coat.
The method for preparing the personalized drug eluting coronary stent / Bone wedges / Braces comprises the step that according to image data of coronary angiogram or volume rendered data from CT scans. The designing was done by adopting a QCA technique for measuring the diameter of a diseased coronary artery and reconstructing in a three-dimensional manner. According to indexes such as lesion vascular diameter, lesion length and lesion vascular pattern, a personalized coronary stent can be made for each patient in a customized manner and a stent most suitable for the lesion state of a patient can be prepared.
Keywords: 3D printing, manufacturing method, Fabrication of medical devices
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Joo, Hyunwoo, Youngsik Lee, Jaemin Kim, Jeong-Suk Yoo, Seungwon Yoo, Sangyeon Kim, Ashwini Kumar Arya, et al. "Soft implantable drug delivery device integrated wirelessly with wearable devices to treat fatal seizures." Science Advances 7, no. 1 (January 2021): eabd4639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd4639.
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Personalized biomedical devices have enormous potential to solve clinical challenges in urgent medical situations. Despite this potential, a device for in situ treatment of fatal seizures using pharmaceutical methods has not been developed yet. Here, we present a novel treatment system for neurological medical emergencies, such as status epilepticus, a fatal epileptic condition that requires immediate treatment, using a soft implantable drug delivery device (SID). The SID is integrated wirelessly with wearable devices for monitoring electroencephalography signals and triggering subcutaneous drug release through wireless voltage induction. Because of the wireless integration, bulky rigid components such as sensors, batteries, and electronic circuits can be moved from the SID to wearables, and thus, the mechanical softness and miniaturization of the SID are achieved. The efficacy of the prompt treatment could be demonstrated with animal experiments in vivo, in which brain damages were reduced and survival rates were increased.
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ENNS-BRAY, William S., and Kim ROCHAT. "Medical Device Regulation and Cybersecurity: Achieving ‘Secure by Design’ for Regulatory Compliance." International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19107/ijisc.2020.02.02.
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The rapid evolution of information technology over the past 50 years is transforming our healthcare institutions from paper-based organizations into smart hospitals, a term now used by European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). These changes are also associated with the systematic reliance on medical devices by both patients and healthcare providers. While these devices have the potential to advance personalized health solutions and improving the quality and efficacy of care, they nevertheless present significant security risks and challenges throughout the healthcare sector.
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Shivaraja, T. R., N. Kamal, W. A. W. Zaidi, and K. Chellappan. "Adaptable medical device with 3D printing facilities." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2318, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2318/1/012020.
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Abstract 3D printing technology has breakthrough many long pending medical challenges. In this study the researchers are addressing epilepsy, a disability that limits mobility freedom, that can appear at any age but usually start in childhood or people over 60 years old. Diagnosing epilepsy quickly can be challenging due to the fact other conditions such as migraines, panic attacks and fainting possess similar symptoms. Regularly, it cannot be confirmed until seizure is detected. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common test used to diagnose epilepsy. Epileptiform brain activity presence is used as a change seen on an EEG recording among epilepsy patients. The availability of EEG device for epilepsy diagnosis is currently limited to clinical settings which restricts the treatment process. The objective of this study is to offer an option for personalized home-based EEG device for epilepsy diagnosis and monitoring. A customized 3D printed EEG headset with 8 channel dry electrodes device is assembled and configured. The customization is managed by offering three different printable headset sizes with material selection options. The device is supported with an OpenBCI application connected through Bluetooth for recording and further processing options. The proposed device has potential to address number of limitations including the recent pandemic’s challenge where hospitalization option is restricted. The outcome of the research is expected to bring a new breakthrough in brain activity related research and clinical diagnosis in patient monitoring. The customization option of this device is also expected to offer a new trend in managing treatment compliance and adherence in clinical practice.
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D’Angiulli, Amedeo, Guillaume Lockman-Dufour, and Derrick Matthew Buchanan. "Promise for Personalized Diagnosis? Assessing the Precision of Wireless Consumer-Grade Electroencephalography across Mental States." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 6430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136430.
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In the last decade there has been significant growth in the interest and application of using EEG (electroencephalography) outside of laboratory as well as in medical and clinical settings, for more ecological and mobile applications. However, for now such applications have mainly included military, educational, cognitive enhancement, and consumer-based games. Given the monetary and ecological advantages, consumer-grade EEG devices such as the Emotiv EPOC have emerged, however consumer-grade devices make certain compromises of data quality in order to become affordable and easy to use. The goal of this study was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of EPOC as compared to a research-grade device, Brainvision. To this end, we collected data from participants using both devices during three distinct cognitive tasks designed to elicit changes in arousal, valence, and cognitive load: namely, Affective Norms for English Words, International Affective Picture System, and the n-Back task. Our design and analytical strategies followed an ideographic person-level approach (electrode-wise analysis of vincentized repeated measures). We aimed to assess how well the Emotiv could differentiate between mental states using an Event-Related Band Power approach and EEG features such as amplitude and power, as compared to Brainvision. The Emotiv device was able to differentiate mental states during these tasks to some degree, however it was generally poorer than Brainvision, with smaller effect sizes. The Emotiv may be used with reasonable reliability and accuracy in ecological settings and in some clinical contexts (for example, for training professionals), however Brainvision or other, equivalent research-grade devices are still recommended for laboratory or medical based applications.
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Callens, Stefaan. "Legal Aspects of Personalized Health Monitoring." European Journal of Health Law 19, no. 5 (2012): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341241.
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Abstract Personal health monitoring (PHM) can be defined as comprising all technical systems, processing, collecting, and storing of data linked to a person. PHM involves several legal issues that are described in this article. This article analyses firstly the short term actions that are needed at the European level to allow personal health monitoring in respect of the interests and rights of patients such as the need to have more harmonized medical liability rules at the EU level. Introducing PHM implies also legal action at the EU level on the long run. These long-term actions are related to e.g., the way in which hospitals are organized in their relation with healthcare professionals and with other hospitals or healthcare actors. The paper will finally analyse also how health monitoring projects may change the traditional (non-) relationship between patients and pharmaceutical/medical device industry. Today, the producers and distributors of medicinal products have no specific contact with patients. This situation may change when applying telemonitoring projects and may require to new legal rules.
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Garcia, Lourdes, Genevieve Kerns, Kaitlin O’Reilley, Omolola Okesanjo, Jacob Lozano, Jairaj Narendran, Conor Broeking, et al. "The Role of Soft Robotic Micromachines in the Future of Medical Devices and Personalized Medicine." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010028.
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Developments in medical device design result in advances in wearable technologies, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and patient-specific approaches to medicine. In this review, we analyze the trajectory of biomedical and engineering approaches to soft robotics for healthcare applications. We review current literature across spatial scales and biocompatibility, focusing on engineering done at the biotic-abiotic interface. From traditional techniques for robot design to advances in tunable material chemistry, we look broadly at the field for opportunities to advance healthcare solutions in the future. We present an extracellular matrix-based robotic actuator and propose how biomaterials and proteins may influence the future of medical device design.
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Manero, Albert, John Sparkman, Matt Dombrowski, Peter Smith, Pavan Senthil, Spencer Smith, Viviana Rivera, and Albert Chi. "Evolving 3D-Printing Strategies for Structural and Cosmetic Components in Upper Limb Prosthesis." Prosthesis 5, no. 1 (February 3, 2023): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis5010013.
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The evolution of prosthetic limbs continues to develop, with novel manufacturing techniques being evaluated, including additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D-printing, holds promise for enabling personalized and tailored medical device options. The requirements for personalized medicine, coupled with the limitations of small-batch manufacturing, have made the technique viable for exploration. In this manuscript, an approach is presented for incorporating additive manufacturing for prostheses, both as a final part and in applications as an intermediate manufacturing step. As a result, through the use of these methods a multi-gesture capable electromyographic prosthesis was designed and manufactured, currently being evaluated in clinical trials for pediatric patients. This paper explored the results of this unique method of applying additive manufacturing techniques, and assessed how the blend of different manufacturing techniques improved performance and reduced device weight. Creating unique and aesthetic cosmetic coverings for the device was achieved through using additive manufacturing as an intermediate manufacturing component and, then, applying thermoforming. Cosmesis components saw a 33% reduction in weight from this change in manufacturing. The approach is explored to blend multiple manufacturing techniques to create cosmesis components and structural components for the prosthesis. The techniques serve the design intent to reduce reported challenges with upper limb prosthesis devices and to encourage device retention. Recommendations for manufacturing strategies are discussed, including the limitations.
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Băeșu, Andra Cristiana, Robert Fuior, Cătălina Luca, and Călin Corciovă. "Interactive device for the treatment of pediatric neuromotor deficiencies using personalized recovery programs." Balneo and PRM Research Journal 13, Vol.13, no.4 (December 15, 2022): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2022.526.
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Abstract: Modern rehabilitation procedures use devices that provide physical therapists with various types of information to improve assessment of patient progress during reha-bilitation plans. The new trend of these technologies is the development of safe, portable and comfortable wearable devices with extensive applications in various environments (medical clinics or at the patient's home). The present work presents a portable and safe device for hand rehabilitation, consisting of five finger force sensors and a palmar sensor arranged in the ball, capable of capturing pressure signals during the execution of move-ments guided by the physiotherapist or by a video game/virtual reality. A 3-axis accel-erometer was used to spatially monitor the patient's movements. A series of games with different levels of difficulty were created, through which the degree of mobility of the pa-tient can be monitored depending on the game he chooses and at the same time reflected by the score obtained at the end of the game. Also, to be more interactive, the interface was chosen to play with 2 players simultaneously. So that they can choose to play in the team or as competitors. The system allows users to show different routines to guide them in their use and also evaluates pressure signals and response time. Keywords: microcontroller, games interactive, physiokinetotherapist, rehabilitation, health im-provement.
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J G, Krithick, Nivedh T S, Siva Bharath S, Dr Radhamani A. S, and V. Ramanathan. "DATA SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE USING IOT." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i03.011.
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While the Internet of Things (IoT) has been instrumental in healthcare data transmission, it also presents vulnerabilities and security risks to patients’ personalized health information for remote medical treatment. Currently most published security solutions available for healthcare data don't seem to be focused on data flow all the way from IoT sensor devices placed on a patient’s body through network routers to doctor’s offices. In this project, the IoT network facilitates healthcare data transmission for remote medical treatment, explored security risks related to unsecured data transmission, especially between IoT sensor devices and network routers, then proposed an encrypted security solution initiated at IoT sensor devices. Our proposed solution provides a cryptography algorithm embedded into the sensor device such that packets generated with patient’s health data are encrypted right at the sensor device before being transmitted. The proof of concept has been verified employing a lab setup with two level encryption at the IoT sensor level and two level decryption at the receiving end at the doctor’s office. Test results are promising for an end to-end security solution of healthcare data transmission in IoT. This project also provides further research avenues on IoT sensor driven security.
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Adaskin, A. V., K. N. Dozorov, I. A. Filatov, and G. P. Itkin. "REMOTE MONITORING OF PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM MECHATRONIC CIRCULATORY SUPPORT SYSTEM." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 18, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2016-2-65-73.
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The article describes the technology of remote patient monitoring and the parameters of circulatory assist device AVK-N as well as the advantages of said technology to improve the efficiency of personalized medicine in diagnosis and treatment of patients with AVK-N in the postoperative period. Authors show the capabilities of remote monitoring technology to determine the location of the patient by satellite navigation in the case of emergency call for medical and technical services, and present the structure and modes of the displayed information for mobile devices and Web-server. Doctor-patient interaction based on remote monitoring technology via mobile/ satellite/wired Internet is also shown.
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Schonhoff, Mareike, Astrid Heinze, Juliette Carrillo, Annika Lopinski, Damian Großkreutz, and Stefan Hanusek. "Development and manufacturing of a custom made implant regarding the new European Medical Device Regulation." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0064.
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AbstractNew technologies are great opportunities for personalized medicine. Custom made implants can be very helpful for patients with severe bone defects or in case of bone tumor. Through the European Union it is regulated how many possibilities and restrictions all medical devices have. Because of critical vulnerabilities a new European Medical Device Regulation (MDR) was published in May 2017 and it will enter into force in May 2020. For the manufacturers of customized products it will change the documentation of the manufacturing and tracking of serious incidents. Patients with a pelvis defect of Paprosky IIb and higher can benefit from a custom made pelvis implant, because all planning steps according to biomechanic and bone contact to the implant can be designed and proofed during a reconstruction process. With regular modular implant systems, it probably can be a trial and error procedure during the surgery according to biomechanic and a stable position of the implant. Based on the 3D-Reconstruction of CT-Scans of a patient with a Paprosky 2b pelvis defect, a personalized acetabulum implant was designed. To maintain as much bone as possible, the implant was shaped to the remaining pelvic bone stock. Additive manufacturing gives the opportunity to produce custom made single items even in a quality that ful-fills the requirements of the MDR. Modern Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam melting (EBM) Systems are able to produce Titanium or CoCr parts in the ISO standards for Implants (ISO 5832 ff). In this study the process chain, starting from the reconstruction, to the design and the production of a custom made acetabulum cup was run through on an exemplary CTData of one patient. With this example, it was shown that it is possible, to establish a process, that is able to address surgical needs for patients that benefit from those techniques.
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Saini, A., and K. Ramanathan. "FMS (Federated Model as a service) for healthcare: an automated secure-framework for personalized recommendation system." CARDIOMETRY, no. 20 (November 21, 2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2021.20.7078.
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The Healthcare sector has been emerging on the platform ofdata science. And data scientists are often using machine learningtechniques based on historical data to create models, makepredictions or recommendations. This paper aims to providebackground and information for the community on the benefitsand variants of Federated Learning (F.L.) with other technologiesfor medical applications and highlight key considerationsand challenges of F.L. implementation in the digital health background.With this FMaaS, we envisage a future for digital federatedhealth. We hope to empower and raise awareness aboutthe environment and fog computing to provide a more secureand better-analyzing environment. The AutoML framework isused to generate and optimize machine learning models usingautomatic engineering tools, model selection, and hyperparameteroptimization on fog nodes. Thus, making the systemmore reliable and secure for each individual by preserving privacyat their end devices. And this will lead to a personalizedrecommendation system for each individual associated withthis framework by deploying the Model to their devices foron-device inferences through the concept of differential privateModel averaging. With this framework, users don’t haveto compromise with privacy, and all their sensitive data will besecure on their end devices.
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Kuhl, Juliane, Andreas Ding, Ngoc Tuan Ngo, Andres Braschkat, Jens Fiehler, and Dieter Krause. "Design of Personalized Devices—The Tradeoff between Individual Value and Personalization Workload." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010241.
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Personalized medical devices adapted to the anatomy of the individual promise greater treatment success for patients, thus increasing the individual value of the product. In order to cater to individual adaptations, however, medical device companies need to be able to handle a wide range of internal processes and components. These are here referred to collectively as the personalization workload. Consequently, support is required in order to evaluate how best to target product personalization. Since the approaches presented in the literature are not able to sufficiently meet this demand, this paper introduces a new method that can be used to define an appropriate variety level for a product family taking into account standardized, variant, and personalized attributes. The new method enables the identification and evaluation of personalizable attributes within an existing product family. The method is based on established steps and tools from the field of variant-oriented product design, and is applied using a flow diverter—an implant for the treatment of aneurysm diseases—as an example product. The personalization relevance and adaptation workload for the product characteristics that constitute the differentiating product properties were analyzed and compared in order to determine a tradeoff between customer value and personalization workload. This will consequently help companies to employ targeted, deliberate personalization when designing their product families by enabling them to factor variety-induced complexity and customer value into their thinking at an early stage, thus allowing them to critically evaluate a personalization project.
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Pereira, Orlando R. E., João M. L. P. Caldeira, and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues. "An Advanced and Secure Symbian-Based Mobile Approach for Body Sensor Networks Interaction." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jehmc.2011010101.
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The combination of body sensor networks (BSNs) and mobile devices brings a personalized health monitoring opportunity to patients and medical teams. Mobile devices may be used to process and present data collected by BSN sensors in an easy and meaningful way to users. The mobility of such systems improves patients’ quality of life, enabling continuous unobtrusive health monitoring during regular daily routine tasks. This paper presents a Symbian-powered smartphone based solution for BSN sensors data gathering, monitoring, and presentation. The systems’ sensor platform hardware provides an onboard long-term data storage module, enabling continuous data gathering even in the absence of the mobile device. The mobile device connects wirelessly to the BSN using Bluetooth technology, supporting interaction with multiple sinks. This system aims to help patients that need continuous monitoring of human bio-physiological parameters in a transparent and unobtrusive way. A case study is presented, based on a sensor for women’s core body temperature collection, enabling fertility follow up processing. The system was evaluated successfully, proving its usefulness in a real scenario. As a result, it is ready for regular use.
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Banos, Oresti, Claudia Villalonga, Miguel Damas, Peter Gloesekoetter, Hector Pomares, and Ignacio Rojas. "PhysioDroid: Combining Wearable Health Sensors and Mobile Devices for a Ubiquitous, Continuous, and Personal Monitoring." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/490824.
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Technological advances on the development of mobile devices, medical sensors, and wireless communication systems support a new generation of unobtrusive, portable, and ubiquitous health monitoring systems for continuous patient assessment and more personalized health care. There exist a growing number of mobile apps in the health domain; however, little contribution has been specifically provided, so far, to operate this kind of apps with wearable physiological sensors. The PhysioDroid, presented in this paper, provides a personalized means to remotely monitor and evaluate users’ conditions. The PhysioDroid system provides ubiquitous and continuous vital signs analysis, such as electrocardiogram, heart rate, respiration rate, skin temperature, and body motion, intended to help empower patients and improve clinical understanding. The PhysioDroid is composed of a wearable monitoring device and an Android app providing gathering, storage, and processing features for the physiological sensor data. The versatility of the developed app allows its use for both average users and specialists, and the reduced cost of the PhysioDroid puts it at the reach of most people. Two exemplary use cases for health assessment and sports training are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the PhysioDroid. Next technical steps include generalization to other mobile platforms and health monitoring devices.
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Nemes-Károly, István, György Kocsis, and Gábor Szebényi. "The Developement of a New Shoulder Joint Prothesis System." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 15, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2021.15.16.
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Abstract In our work, we designed a new metal-polymer shoulder implant system that fully meets today’s requirements - minimal invasive technology, a high degree of modularity - and can be personalized as needed. At the same time, its production does not exceed the currently available production technologies. Also, the data and parameters which are needed to design the tailor-made construction are easily accessible, as we have chosen a device that is widespread and commonplace in medical diagnostics and available in any hospital. Furthermore, we have tried to make our system as easy and fast to authorize as possible because it is challenging to place medical devices on the market, especially implants. We have tried to create the cheapest, most economical system and in addition, we wanted to gain the trust of implant specialists, as we incorporated their insights and experiences into our construction through continuous consultation.
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Tel, Alessandro, Alessandra Bordon, Marco Sortino, Giovanni Totis, Lorenzo Fedrizzi, Elisabetta Ocello, Salvatore Sembronio, and Massimo Robiony. "Current Trends in the Development and Use of Personalized Implants: Engineering Concepts and Regulation Perspectives for the Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 11694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411694.
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The recently adopted Medical Device Regulation (MDR) has finally entered into force on 26 May 2021. As innovation and especially the advent of customized prostheses has deeply modified many surgical procedures in our discipline, it is imperative for the contemporary surgeon to become aware of the impact that the MDR will have on many aspects, including the choice of the manufacturer, the evaluation of the devices, point-of-care 3D printing labs, and medical software. In this paper, the authors tried to identify the cultural gaps in clinical practice that the MDR is supposed to fill. To achieve this purpose, a task force of experts was reunited, including CMF surgeons with direct expertise in medical software and 3D printing, mechanical and material engineers, facing the topic of the MDR from a multidimensional perspective. In this article, surgeons and engineers review many crucial aspects concerning the points of the regulation that mostly affect the field of implantable devices for the cranio-maxillo-facial skeleton. The result of interdisciplinary research is a paper aiming to provide surgeons with the knowledge on the fundamental processes of additive manufacturing, increasing the clinician’s awareness on the evaluation of a customized implant before surgery and on the underlying regulatory framework.
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Amira, Abbes, Mazen A. R. Saghir, Naeem Ramzan, Christos Grecos, and Florian Scherb. "A Reconfigurable Wireless Environment for ECG Monitoring and Encryption." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2013070104.
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Connected health is the convergence of medical devices, security devices, and communication technologies. It enables patients to be monitored and treated remotely from their home or primary care facility rather than attend outpatient clinics or be admitted to hospital. Patients’ data and medical records within a connected health system should be securely transmitted and saved for further analysis and diagnosis. This paper presents a reconfigurable wireless system for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring which can be deployed in a connected health environment. Efficient field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation for the ECG encryption block has been carried out on the RC10 prototyping board using the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. Results presented have shown that the proposed AES implementation outperforms the existing FPGA-based systems in different key performance metrics and that ECG signals acquired using the VitalSens device can be encrypted/decrypted in real-time. A software based evaluation approach has been also performed to validate the proposed hardware implementation. The proposed solution can be deployed for electronic archiving of health records information systems and health monitoring technologies in personalized medicine.
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Lu, Lin, Jiayao Zhang, Yi Xie, Fei Gao, Song Xu, Xinghuo Wu, and Zhewei Ye. "Wearable Health Devices in Health Care: Narrative Systematic Review." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): e18907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18907.
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Background With the rise of mobile medicine, the development of new technologies such as smart sensing, and the popularization of personalized health concepts, the field of smart wearable devices has developed rapidly in recent years. Among them, medical wearable devices have become one of the most promising fields. These intelligent devices not only assist people in pursuing a healthier lifestyle but also provide a constant stream of health care data for disease diagnosis and treatment by actively recording physiological parameters and tracking metabolic status. Therefore, wearable medical devices have the potential to become a mainstay of the future mobile medical market. Objective Although previous reviews have discussed consumer trends in wearable electronics and the application of wearable technology in recreational and sporting activities, data on broad clinical usefulness are lacking. We aimed to review the current application of wearable devices in health care while highlighting shortcomings for further research. In addition to daily health and safety monitoring, the focus of our work was mainly on the use of wearable devices in clinical practice. Methods We conducted a narrative review of the use of wearable devices in health care settings by searching papers in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library published since October 2015. Potentially relevant papers were then compared to determine their relevance and reviewed independently for inclusion. Results A total of 82 relevant papers drawn from 960 papers on the subject of wearable devices in health care settings were qualitatively analyzed, and the information was synthesized. Our review shows that the wearable medical devices developed so far have been designed for use on all parts of the human body, including the head, limbs, and torso. These devices can be classified into 4 application areas: (1) health and safety monitoring, (2) chronic disease management, (3) disease diagnosis and treatment, and (4) rehabilitation. However, the wearable medical device industry currently faces several important limitations that prevent further use of wearable technology in medical practice, such as difficulties in achieving user-friendly solutions, security and privacy concerns, the lack of industry standards, and various technical bottlenecks. Conclusions We predict that with the development of science and technology and the popularization of personalized health concepts, wearable devices will play a greater role in the field of health care and become better integrated into people’s daily lives. However, more research is needed to explore further applications of wearable devices in the medical field. We hope that this review can provide a useful reference for the development of wearable medical devices.
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Gates, Brian J., and Neal M. Davies. "AmpliChip for Cytochrome P-450 Genotyping: The Epoch of Personalized Prescriptions." Hospital Pharmacy 41, no. 5 (May 2006): 442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4105-442.
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The clinical importance of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism is well-known in clinical pharmacotherapy. The first widely available pharmacogenomic microarray technology approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a medical device to clinically genotype genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism is now available with the launch of AmpliChip technology. This readily accessible clinical microarray test allows the genotyping of cytochrome (CYP) P-450 2D6 and 2C19 and marks a milestone in the epoch of evidence based personalized medicine. Many commonly used drugs are substrates for CYP2D6 and CYP 2C19 and hence may potentially demonstrate phenotypic differences as poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultrarapid metabolizers. These phenotypic variations could lead to expressed differences in pharmacotherapeutic patient outcomes. AmpliChip currently allows for testing of multiple alleles (31) in a single assay. Other technologies for pharmacogenomics are on the horizon. This article reviews the importance of polymorphic enzymes and genotyping as to how genetic polymorphisms alter pharmacotherapy and the emergence of a plethora of technologies that may become routinely available for clinical pharmacogenomic testing in the near future.
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Eremenko, A. A., N. V. Rostunova, S. A. Budagyan, and A. V. Kurnosov. "The personalized telemedical system of Obereg for remote patient's monitoring." Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION 17, no. 5 (November 2, 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2020-17-5-87-94.
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The objective: to assess the potential use of the personalized telemedical system (PTS) of Obereg to ensure monitoring and constant medical control over the state of vital systems of the patient's body in the hospital, during transportation, and in out-of-hospital conditions.Subjects and methods. The Obereg system was tested in leading Russian clinics through simultaneous measurement of vital activity parameters with other standard patient monitoring systems. Comparative evaluation criteria were the following: functionality, measurement accuracy in comparison with stationary systems, reliability of operation, the impact on the operation of PTS of other equipment in the intensive care unit and possible interference, user friendliness for personnel and patients, and verification of communication capabilities based on field experiments. Additional parameters of the system were also evaluated. The need for it by medical units of the Ministry of Health of Russia was estimated.Results. The operability of the system has been confirmed in clinical conditions for patients of various profiles, including the most severe cases; it was found that the functionality of the system and accuracy of measurement met relevant requirements. It was estimated that the total demand for such systems in Russia might amount to 4,250,000 units.Conclusion. The device can be used for individual and group monitoring in intensive care units, in in-patient settings after transfer from intensive care, during rehabilitation for remote monitoring at home, and during patients' transportation to monitor their condition in case of emergency.
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Kim, Hyungbae, and Hyunji Song. ""A Study on the Design Development of a Personalized Portable medical device for Rehabilitation patient with Web-based platform ; Centering around Development of Design of a Medical device for Rehabilitation"." Journal of Industrial Design Studies 41 (September 30, 2017): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37254/ids.2017.09.41.08.77.
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Farré, Ramon, David Gozal, Viet-Nhung Nguyen, Joshua M. Pearce, and Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan. "Open-Source Hardware May Address the Shortage in Medical Devices for Patients with Low-Income and Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Low-Resource Countries." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091498.
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Respiratory diseases pose an increasing socio-economic burden worldwide given their high prevalence and their elevated morbidity and mortality. Medical devices play an important role in managing acute and chronic respiratory failure, including diagnosis, monitoring, and providing artificial ventilation. Current commercially available respiratory devices are very effective but, given their cost, are unaffordable for most patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Herein, we focus on a relatively new design option—the open-source hardware approach—that, if implemented, will contribute to providing low-cost respiratory medical devices for many patients in LMICs, particularly those without full medical insurance coverage. Open source reflects a set of approaches to conceive and distribute the comprehensive technical information required for building devices. The open-source approach enables free and unrestricted use of the know-how to replicate and manufacture the device or modify its design for improvements or adaptation to different clinical settings or personalized treatments. We describe recent examples of open-source devices for diagnosis/monitoring (measuring inspiratory/expiratory pressures or flow and volume in mechanical ventilators) and for therapy (non-invasive ventilators for adults and continuous positive airway pressure support for infants) that enable building simple, low-cost (hence, affordable), and high-performance solutions for patients in LMICs. Finally, we argue that the common practice of approving clinical trials by the local hospital ethics board can be expanded to ensure patient safety by reviewing, inspecting, and approving open hardware for medical application to maximize the innovation and deployment rate of medical technologies.
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Townsend, Alexandra, and Oren M. Tepper. "Virtual Surgical Planning and Three-Dimensional Printing in Rhinoplasty." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 36, no. 03 (August 2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755463.
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AbstractRecent developments in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology offer a more comprehensive means of assessing facial features. 3D printing allows for the transition of planning from simply a preoperative tool to an intraoperative device with the use of tools such as 3D-printed cutting guides, marking guides, or positioning guides. With the advent of 3D printing technology, 3D surface images can now be used to generate new medical models, devices, or tools to assist with rhinoplasty during preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. In the field of rhinoplasty, 3D printing can be applied in three main areas: (1) reference models, (2) surgical guides, and (3) nasal splints. The value of 3D imaging extends far beyond the benefits of “conversion” during a preoperative consultation and has the potential to greatly enhance the overall treatment of rhinoplasty patients with enhanced communication and personalized devices that can be used during surgery and in the postoperative phase.
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Sarabi, Misagh Rezapour, Abdollah Ahmadpour, Ali K. Yetisen, and Savas Tasoglu. "Finger-Actuated Microneedle Array for Sampling Body Fluids." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 5329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125329.
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The application of microneedles (MNs) for minimally invasive biological fluid sampling is rapidly emerging, offering a user-friendly approach with decreased insertion pain and less harm to the tissues compared to conventional needles. Here, a finger-powered microneedle array (MNA) integrated with a microfluidic chip was conceptualized to extract body fluid samples. Actuated by finger pressure, the microfluidic device enables an efficient approach for the user to collect their own body fluids in a simple and fast manner without the requirement for a healthcare worker. The processes for extracting human blood and interstitial fluid (ISF) from the body and the flow across the device, estimating the amount of the extracted fluid, were simulated. The design in this work can be utilized for the minimally invasive personalized medical equipment offering a simple usage procedure.
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Mahdipour, Elahe, and Kibret Mequanint. "Films, Gels and Electrospun Fibers from Serum Albumin Globular Protein for Medical Device Coating, Biomolecule Delivery and Regenerative Engineering." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112306.
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Albumin is a natural biomaterial that is abundantly available in blood and body fluids. It is clinically used as a plasma expander, thereby increasing the plasma thiol concentration due to its cysteine residues. Albumin is a regulator of intervascular oncotic pressure, serves as an anti-inflammatory modulator, and it has a buffering role due to its histidine imidazole residues. Because of its unique biological and physical properties, albumin has also emerged as a suitable biomaterial for coating implantable devices, for cell and drug delivery, and as a scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As a biomaterial, albumin can be used as surface-modifying film or processed either as cross-linked protein gels or as electrospun fibers. Herein we have discussed how albumin protein can be utilized in regenerative medicine as a hydrogel and as a fibrous mat for a diverse role in successfully delivering drugs, genes, and cells to targeted tissues and organs. The review of prior studies indicated that albumin is a tunable biomaterial from which different types of scaffolds with mechanical properties adjustable for various biomedical applications can be fabricated. Based on the progress made to date, we concluded that albumin-based device coatings, delivery of drugs, genes, and cells are promising strategies in regenerative and personalized medicine.
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Jiang, Rong, Shanshan Han, Mingyue Shi, Tilei Gao, and Xusheng Zhao. "Healthcare Big Data Privacy Protection Model Based on Risk-Adaptive Access Control." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (March 15, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3086516.
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Edge computing is playing an increasingly important role in the field of health care. Edge computing provides high-quality personalized services to patients based on user and device data information. However, edge nodes will collect a large amount of sensitive patient information, and patients will also bear the risk of privacy disclosure while enjoying personalized services. How to reduce the risk of privacy disclosure while ensuring that patients enjoy personalized services brought by edge computing is the research content of this paper. In this paper, the work flow and management mode of Hospital Information System (HIS) are investigated on the spot, and the risk-adaptive access control model based on entropy is established. First, we use International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) to mark the information resources accessed by users and use information entropy to measure the correlation “α” between medical information accessed by users and work tasks. Finally, we analyze the relationship between correlation “α” and risk through an example. The results show that users with high correlation α have low risk of access behavior, and users with low risk have high correlation α of access information resources and work goals. This discovery can help managers predict users’ access behavior in the Big Data environment, so as to dynamically formulate access control policies according to the actual access situation of users and then realize the privacy protection of medical big health data.
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Bockstedte, Marit, Alexander B. Xepapadeas, Sebastian Spintzyk, Christian F. Poets, Bernd Koos, and Maite Aretxabaleta. "Development of Personalized Non-Invasive Ventilation Interfaces for Neonatal and Pediatric Application Using Additive Manufacturing." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040604.
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The objective of this study was to present a methodology and manufacturing workflow for non-invasive ventilation interfaces (NIV) for neonates and small infants. It aimed to procure a fast and feasible solution for personalized NIV produced in-house with the aim of improving fit and comfort for the patient. Three-dimensional scans were obtained by means of an intraoral (Trios 3) and a facial scanner (3dMd Flex System). Fusion 360 3D-modelling software was employed to automatize the design of the masks and their respective casting molds. These molds were additively manufactured by stereolithography (SLA) and fused filament fabrication (FFF) technologies. Silicone was poured into the molds to produce the medical device. In this way, patient individualized oronasal and nasal masks were produced. An automated design workflow and use of additive manufacturing enabled a fast and feasible procedure. Despite the cost for individualization likely being higher than for standard masks, a user-friendly workflow for in-house manufacturing of these medical appliances proved to have potential for improving NIV in neonates and infants, as well as increasing comfort.
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Tolan, Nicole V., Luiza I. Genes, and Dana M. Spence. "Merging Microfluidics with Microtitre Technology for More Efficient Drug Discovery." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 13, no. 5 (October 2008): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2008.05.002.
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Detecting multiple components from a single red blood cell (RBC) sample within a flow-based system in less than 20 min will enable improved in vitro determinations of drug efficacy and cellular response to administered drugs. Here, an example of an improved in vitro measurement involving iloprost, a pharmaceutical reported to improve blood flow, has been determined by incorporating multiple cell types onto a single device. The method allows fluid flow to address individual rows of wells contained within an 18-well microfluidic array that serves as a precursor to a 96-well microtitre plate device. The ability to better mimic the in vivo circulation by incorporating the flow of blood components, coupled with simultaneous detection and laboratory automation in place for microtitre plates, suggests that the microfluidic array presented here will allow for improved mechanistic drug research studies. Using fluorescence microscopy, concentrations of multiple metabolites present within the RBC can also be determined using the microfluidic array. The current progress toward using this device for personalized medicine is presented here.
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Et. al., Rohit Pandey,. "POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF ADDITIVE LAYER MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR PROCESSING POLYMER COMPONENTS." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.359.
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In previous years, the usage of additive layer processing grew considerably. Different companies, including motor cars, aerospace, equipment, communications and medical devices utilize additional layer production. However, at present, processed additive layer products comprise less than one percent of all items manufactured. If the prices of additive layer processing systems decline, the manner in which customers communicate with suppliers will be modified. Additional development layer innovations provide the market and culture with different possibilities. It will make the personalized development of strong lightweight goods simpler, and prototypes that with past manufacturing techniques were not feasible. However, the application of this device may be hampered and delayed by numerous obstacles. Many situations require higher costs than conventional approaches for making a component utilizing additive layer production techniques. This study reviews the cost literature for the development of additive layer and attempts to recognize situations in which additive production may be cost-effective and also to identify new methods of minimizing costs in the usage of this technology
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Sharma, Durgansh, Tarun Kumar Singhal, and Deepak Singh. "Threat Intelligence Model to Secure Iot Based Body Area Network and Prosthetic Sensors." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 15417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.15417ecst.
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This research work proposes a threat intelligence model for Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors-based Body Area Network (BAN). It is focused primarily to be used in healthcare monitoring of vital parameters of critically ill patients and on the contrary performance measurement system for healthy sportspersons. The end-point control based applications are growing enormously with the advent of IoT based sensors and actuators being used in intelligent real-time systems. At the same time, it is expected to keep the ecosystem safe for the user while delivering the constant updates. However, the process for the monitoring health and wellness parameters of a patient, or measuring endurance and performance of a sportsperson, it remains vulnerable without a secure environment. Using the proposed model, the entire healthcare ecosystem may be designed for the personalized medication of a patient who are using sophisticated life-saving device like prosthetic heart valve or an elderly person dependent on medical-aided ambulatory devices or a sportsperson on performance measurement system.
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Lee, Sang, and Bong-Hyun Jun. "Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Application for Nanomedicine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 17, 2019): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040865.
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Over the past few decades, metal nanoparticles less than 100 nm in diameter have made a substantial impact across diverse biomedical applications, such as diagnostic and medical devices, for personalized healthcare practice. In particular, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have great potential in a broad range of applications as antimicrobial agents, biomedical device coatings, drug-delivery carriers, imaging probes, and diagnostic and optoelectronic platforms, since they have discrete physical and optical properties and biochemical functionality tailored by diverse size- and shape-controlled AgNPs. In this review, we aimed to present major routes of synthesis of AgNPs, including physical, chemical, and biological synthesis processes, along with discrete physiochemical characteristics of AgNPs. We also discuss the underlying intricate molecular mechanisms behind their plasmonic properties on mono/bimetallic structures, potential cellular/microbial cytotoxicity, and optoelectronic property. Lastly, we conclude this review with a summary of current applications of AgNPs in nanoscience and nanomedicine and discuss their future perspectives in these areas.
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Murawa, Dawid, Stefanie Herold, Phillip Sangwook Kim, Arndt Schmitz, Thomas Krahn, Pawel Murawa, Maciej Zabel, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Piotr Nowaczyk, and Klaus Luecke. "A new medical device for in vivo capturing of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer (BC) patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 10537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.10537.
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10537 Background: In BC, the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is discussed as a prognostic and stratification biomarker, and could also reflect treatment efficacy. Currently, CTCs are isolated ex vivo from a small volume of blood. Results from a larger volume of blood are scarce. The aim of the study was to assess a functionalized and structured medical wire (FSMW) for in vivo capturing of CTCs directly from the blood stream of BC patients. Methods: The device was inserted in a cubital vein through a standard cannula for thirty minutes. The interaction of target CTCs with the FSMW was mediated by antibodies directed against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). To confirm binding of CTCs to the wire, the immunohistochemical positive staining against EpCAM as well as negative staining for CD45 was performed. There were 54 applications of the wire in 42 stage I-IV BC patients (12 double applications). Enumeration data from 37 BC patients with 49 applications (5 failed subsequent analyses) were assessed. CTC counts on 23 devices were directly compared to counts by CellSearch. Results: The device was well tolerated in all 54 applications without side effects. We obtained in vivo isolation of CTCs in 44 of 49 applications to BC patients (89.7 %). The sensitivity was similar for early and late stage BC patients. The median (range) of isolated EpCAM-positive CTCs was 5 (0-515). The CellSearch method reached a sensitivity of 18.5%. In all paired samples the number of CTCs detected with the FSMW was higher or equal to CellSearch, regardless of the disease stage. Linear regression of the data of the double application of the FSMW showed a very good concordance (r2 = 0.97, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Whilst well tolerated without side effects, the CTC detection rate of the FSMW in BC patients was nearly 90 %. CTC detection was obtained in 18.5% by the CellSearch. Double application of FSMWs in the same patient indicates ample precision. This proof of concept study may have important clinical implications, as the device may improve early detection, prognosis and therapy monitoring of BC patients. The molecular analysis of the captured CTCs could become a breakthrough in personalized medicine.
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Rodriguez, Anna, Peter Smielewski, Eric Rosenthal, and Dick Moberg. "Medical Device Connectivity Challenges Outline the Technical Requirements and Standards For Promoting Big Data Research and Personalized Medicine in Neurocritical Care." Military Medicine 183, suppl_1 (March 1, 2018): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usx146.
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Abstract Brain injuries are complicated medical problems and their management requires data from disparate sources to extract actionable information. In neurocritical care, interoperability is lacking despite the perceived benefits. Several efforts have been underway, but none have been widely adopted, underscoring the difficulty of achieving this goal. We have identified the current pain points of data collection and integration based on the experience with two large multi-site clinical studies: Transforming Research And Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) in the United States and Collaborative European Neuro Trauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) in Europe. The variability of measurements across sites remains a barrier to uniform data collection. We found a need for annotation standards and for a standardized archive format for high-resolution data. Overall, the hidden cost for successful data collection was initially underestimated. Although the use of bedside data integration solutions, such as the Moberg’s Component Neuromonitoring System (Moberg Research, Inc., Ambler, PA, USA) or ICM+ software (Cambridge Enterprise, Cambridge, UK), facilitated the homogenous collection of synchronized data, there remain issues that need to be addressed by the neurocritical care community. To this end, we have organized a Working Group on Neurocritical Care Informatics, whose next step is to create an overarching informatics framework that takes advantage of the collected information to answer scientific questions and to accelerate the translation of trial results to actions benefitting military medicine.
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Aziz, Nur Adibah Saffa. "Mutual Authentication in Body Area Networks (BANs) Using Multi-Biometric and Physiological Signal-Based Key Agreement." Journal of IT in Asia 9, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jita.3847.2021.
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The development of wireless technology has had a major impact on the wireless body area networks (WBANs) especially in the medical field where a small wireless sensor is installed in, on, or around the patient’s body for real-time health monitoring and personalized medical treatment. However, the data is collected by the sensors and transmitted via wireless channels. This could make the channel vulnerable to being accessed and falsified by an unauthorized user and may put the lives of the patient at risk and might give a false alarm. Therefore, a secure authentication and data encryption scheme in BANs is needed in a device to establish the interaction. The asymmetric cryptosystems that function in BANs can cause a Man-in-the-Middle attack because the initial requirement in BAN requires the user to configure a master key or password. The impersonation attack may also involve BAN where other individual pretends to be the owner of the devices and lastly Eavesdropping attack where the attack eavesdrops on transmission to unlock devices. With the existing schemes, mutual authentication using the biometric features (fingerprint) and the physiological signal from the electrocardiogram database is used to make sure the authentication is more secure, reliable, and accurate. In this paper, we proposed a new multifactor authentication scheme on biometric authentication which is the retina scan. We proposed the retina scan because the retina of the human eye is unique, remains the same, and cannot be obtained from anywhere which makes it difficult to forge. We also added a new device which is a smart watch to receive a key agreement message from the fingerprint to double confirm the same identification. This is to make sure high security is obtained and offered simplicity, efficiency, and precision scheme for the authentication.
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Kaczmarka, Wojciecha, Łukasz Pulik, Paweł Łęgosz, and Krzysztof Mucha. "Mobility Analysis of the Lumbar Spine with a Dynamic Spine-Correction Device." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041940.
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According to data, 60–70% of the world’s population experience low-back pain (LBP) at least once during their lifetime, often at a young or middle age. Those affected are at risk of having worse quality of life, more missed days at work, and higher medical care costs. We present a new rehabilitation method that helps collect and analyze data on an ongoing basis and offers a more personalized therapeutic approach. This method involves assessing lumbar spine rotation (L1–L5) during torso movement using an innovative dynamic spine correction (DSC) device designed for postural neuromuscular reeducation in LBP. Spinal mobility was tested in 54 patients (aged 18 to 40 years) without LBP. Measurements were made with 12-bit rotary position sensors (AS5304) of the DSC device. During exercise, the mean lumbar spine rotation to the right was greater (4.78° ± 2.24°) than that to the left (2.99° ± 1.44°; p < 0.001). Similarly, the maximum rotation to the right was greater (11.35° ± 3.33°) than that to the left (7.42° ± 1.44°; p < 0.0001). The measurements obtained in the study can serve as a reference for future therapeutic use of the device.
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Lobo, Mark J., Edwin F. Crandley, Jake S. Rumph, Susan E. Kirk, Neal E. Dunlap, Asal S. Rahimi, A. Benton Turner, James M. Larner, and Paul W. Read. "Pilot Study of iPad Incorporation Into Graduate Medical Education." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-12-00007.1.
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Abstract Background Increased documentation and charting requirements are challenging for residents, given duty hour limits. Use of mobile electronic devices may help residents complete these tasks efficiently. Objective To collect initial data on usage rates, information technology (IT) support requirements, and resident use of iPads during training. Methods In this pilot study, we provided 12 residents/fellows from various specialties at the University of Virginia with an iPad with IT support. The system used a virtual private network with access to the institution's electronic health record. Participants were allowed to develop their own methods and systems for personalized iPad use, and after 9 months they provided data on the utility of the iPad. Feedback from the IT team also was obtained. Results Average iPad use was 2.1 h/d (range, 0.5–6 h/d). The average self-reported reduction in administrative work due to the iPad was 2.7 h/wk (range, 0–9 h/wk). A total of 75% (9 of 12) of the users would recommend universal adoption among residents and fellows. More than 90% (11 of 12) of users reported the iPad would improve communication for coordination of care. A total of 68% (8 of 12) of users reported that an iPad facilitated their activities as educators of medical students and junior residents. Residents cited slow data entry into the electronic health record and hospital areas lacking Wi-Fi connectivity as potential drawbacks to iPad use. The IT team reported minimal support time for device setup, maintenance, and upgrades, and limited security risks. Conclusions The iPad may contribute to increased clinical efficiency, reduced hours spent on administrative tasks, and enhanced educational opportunities for residents, with minimal IT support.
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Chung, Michael, Giuseppino Fortunato, and Norbert Radacsi. "Wearable flexible sweat sensors for healthcare monitoring: a review." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 159 (October 9, 2019): 20190217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0217.
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The state-of-the-art in wearable flexible sensors (WFSs) for sweat analyte detection was investigated. Recent advances show the development of integrated, mechanically flexible and multiplexed sensor systems with on-site circuitry for signal processing and wireless data transmission. When compared with single-analyte sensors, such devices provide an opportunity to more accurately analyse analytes that are dependent on other parameters (such as sweat rate and pH) by improving calibration from in situ real-time analysis, while maintaining a lightweight and wearable design. Important health conditions can be monitored and on-demand regulating drugs can be delivered using integrated wearable systems but require correlation verification between sweat and blood measurements using in vivo validation tests before any clinical application can be considered. Improvements are necessary for device sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability to provide more reliable and personalized continuous measurements. With rapid recent development, it can be concluded that non-invasive WFSs for sweat analysis have only skimmed the surface of their health monitoring potential and further significant advancement is sure to be made in the medical field.
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Stefańczak, D., J. Gajewski, and M. Rogala. "Application of the finite element method to the design of an ankle orthosis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2130, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012013.
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Abstract AFO (Ankle-Foot Orthosis), which covers the ankle and foot, protects and supports the ankle joint as well as the structures around it. It contributes to the maintenance of the correct gait cycle. Owing to orthoses, the functional capacity of the body part is significantly improved, and so is the quality of life for the user. Personalized orthoses, which are adapted to the anatomy of the user, are more and more often produced by the additive methods. The use of 3D printing for the manufacturing medical devices is becoming increasingly common due to the low cost of the whole process, short production time and the possibility of the product personalization. One of the stages in manufacturing AFOs with the additive method is to create a three-dimensional model of the orthosis in CAD software. Finite element analysis was performed to assess the mechanical properties of the orthosis. The influence of geometry and the materials used were investigated with FEM analysis software. As a result of structural analysis during the design stage, the assessment of the medical device in terms of its durability and mechanical resistance without putting the user at risk is possible. On the basis of the obtained results, the structure strength was compared.
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Garner, Kaley H., and Dinender K. Singla. "3D modeling: a future of cardiovascular medicine." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 97, no. 4 (April 2019): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2018-0472.
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Cardiovascular disease resulting from atypical cardiac structures continues to be a leading health concern despite advancements in diagnostic imaging and surgical techniques. However, the ability to visualize spatial relationships using current technologies remains a challenge. Therefore, 3D modeling has gained significant interest to understand complex and atypical cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, 3D modeling can be personalized and patient-specific. 3D models have been demonstrated to aid surgical planning and simulation, enhance communication among surgeons and patients, optimize medical device design, and can be used as a potential teaching tool in medical schools. In this review, we discuss the key components needed to generate cardiac 3D models. We highlight prevalent structural conditions that have utilized 3D modeling in pre-operative planning. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations of routine use of 3D models in the clinic as well as future directions for utilization of this technology in the cardiovascular field.
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Neves, Hugo, Arménio Cruz, Rafael A. Bernardes, Remy Cardoso, Mónica Pimentel, Filipa Margarida Duque, Eliana Lopes, et al. "Ablefit: Development of an Advanced System for Rehabilitation." BioMedInformatics 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedinformatics3010012.
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Bedridden patients risk presenting several problems caused by prolonged immobility, leading to a long recovery process. There is thus a need to develop solutions that ensure the implementation of physical rehabilitation programs in a controlled and interactive way. In this context, the ABLEFIT project aims to develop a medical device to physically rehabilitate bedridden patients with prolonged immobility. A partnership was established between the school of nursing, business enterprises and an engineering institute to develop a prototype. After creating the prototype, a pre-clinical experimental usability study was created using the user-centred multi-method approach (User and Human-Centered Design) to assess the device’s functionality, ergonomics and safety. The pre-clinical stage was initiated with a sample of 12 health professionals (that manipulated the device’s functionalities) and 10 end-users (who used the device). During the pre-clinical stage, the need to incorporate in the final version joint stabilizers was observed. Another important finding was the importance of the continuous monitorization of vital signs on Ablefit, namely, heart rate and SPO2. Therefore, the development of the Ablefit system allows the monitoring of a set of variables and conditions inherent to immobility. At the same time, this device will be a dynamic solution (using gamification and simulation technologies) by generating personalized rehabilitation plans.