Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Personality of the criminal'
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LISTWAN, SHELLEY JOHNSON. "PERSONALITY AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR: RECONSIDERING THE INDIVIDUAL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin996690778.
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Downing, Kevin John. "Cognitive dysfunction and criminal behaviour : a comparative approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361332.
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Schwedler, Sheila Marie. "Criminal thinking patterns in narcissistic and antisocial probationers /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000540/02/1987FT.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.Thesis advisor: Raymond Chip Tafrate. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 24-26). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Bewsey, Kyle. "Exploring Psychopathic Personality Traits and Moral Development in a Non-criminal Sample." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271780/.
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This study explored psychopathic personality traits among a non-criminal, college undergraduate sample. Much research has been done on conceptualizing the construct of psychopathy, but this work has been conducted primarily with incarcerated individuals using a structured interview, The Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991, 2003). The goal of the current study was to assess psychopathic traits among non-criminal individuals using The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale - Version Four (SRP-IV; Paulhus, Neumann, & Hare, in press), and compare how SRP-IV scores were associated with a well recognized semi-structured interview for psychopathy, The Psychopathy Checklist – Screening Version (PCL: SV; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995). The study also examined whether psychopathic personality traits could be predicted using a measure of normal-range personality, based on the five-factor model (FFM; Digman, 1990), and a measure developed by Loevinger (1976) related to ego development. Five-Factor Model Rating Form (FFMRF; Mullins-Sweat, Jamerson, Samuel, Olson, & Widiger, 2006) scores and Total Protocol Ratings (TPR score) on the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger, 1996) were used to predict psychopathy scores. Correlations of SRP-IV scores and PCL: SV scores with FFMRF scores and WUSCT TPR scores were also examined for their uniformity. As predicted, there were significant, negative correlations between FFM domains, Agreeableness and Conscientious, and SRP-IV scores, as well as significant, negative correlations between WUSCT TPR scores and SRP-IV scores. These correlations ranged from small to strong for both SRP-IV overall scores and for SRP-IV factor scores (i.e., Interpersonal Manipulation, Callous Affect, Erratic Lifestyle, and Criminal Tendencies). Additionally, FFM domain scores and WUSCT TPR scores significantly predicted SRP-IV scores. FFM domains, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and WUSCT TPR scores, were the strongest predictors of SRP-IV scores. Similar results were found when FFM domain scores and WUSCT TPR scores predicted SRP-IV factor scores. Results also indicated Agreeableness and Conscientious explained an additional 24% of the variance in psychopathy scores, after controlling for WUSCT TPR scores. Conversely, WUSCT TPR scores explained an additional 5% of the variance in psychopathy scores after controlling for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Finally, as predicted, the differences in correlations between psychopathy scores (i.e., PCL: SV, SRP-IV), and Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and WUSCT TPR scores were not statistically significant providing evidence that correlates of psychopathic traits can be measured among non-criminal individuals using a self-report measure, the SRP-IV, and that these findings are concordant with those based on a standardized structured assessment for psychopathy. Limitations of the study, implications, and recommendations for future research are also discussed.
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Hobbs, Frances M. (Frances Margaret) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Antisocial personality and substance use disorders; effect on criminal career and recidivism." Ottawa, 1991.
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Patrick, Christopher John. "The validity of lie detection with criminal psychopaths." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27507.
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The idea that psychopaths may be able to "beat" a standard polygraph ("lie detector") test remains a controversial issue. The one published study to date that has addressed this question directly (Raskin & Hare, 1978) has been challenged on the grounds that: 1) the polygraph testing situation lacked a 'realistic threat component, and 2) the examiner's decisions were not based on blind chart analyses (Lykken, 1978). The present study re-assessed the accuracy of the polygraph with psychopaths using a revised procedure, in response to Lykken's criticisms. Subjects were 24
psychopathic and 24 nonpsychopathic male prison inmates (aged 18-54) selected on the basis of psychopathy checklist scores (Hare, 1980) and DSM-III ratings within each diagnostic sample, equal groups of "guilty" and "innocent" subjects were tested regarding their involvement in a mock theft by experienced professional polygraphers using control question procedures. Methodological innovations included: a) a "group contingency threat" manipulation which produced a realistic motivational; atmosphere for the polygraph test, b) simultaneous recordings of physiological activity on field and laboratory polygraph instruments, and c) blind numerical analyses of the field polygraph charts. Consistent with Raskin and Hare's results, the guilty psychopaths in the present study were detected just as easily as the guilty nonpsychopaths, and the majority of guilty subjects (87%, excluding inconclusives ) were correctly identified, even when the decisions were based on blind chart analyses. However in contrast to Raskin and Hare's 91% accuracy figure for innocent subjects, the overall hit rate for innocent subjects in the present study was only 56%. Quantitative analyses of the laboratory polygraph recordings revealed few meaningful differences between psychopaths and nonpsychopaths, and the results for guilty and innocent subjects closely matched those obtained with the field polygraph. The findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the field validity of the control question test and the responsivity of psychopaths to threat.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Longato-Stadler, Eva. "Psychopathology and Platelet MAO in a Criminal Male Population in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2028.
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The subjects were 130 male prisoners in Swedish jails were examined by SCID and the diagnoses given in terms of DSM-IV. The most common mental disorder was drug abuse. On Axis II several personality disorders were diagnosed. Personality assessments were made by KSP. High scores were mainly found for e.g. impulsiveness, sensation seeking, aggression and low scores in socialisation.
MAO assays were performed in 99 male criminal offenders and in 60 non-criminal volunteers. Offenders had lower MAO activity than controls also with the confounding factor smoking under control. It is proposed that platelet MAO is linked to personality traits, which can predispose for criminality.
For testing the existence of combinations of vulnerability factors, a configuration frequency analysis (CFA) was used. The criteria which formed the basis for the subgrouping were; MAO activity below or above –0.5 SD of the mean (L and H), the presence or absence of an Axis I disorder (= drug abuse) (Y/N), the presence or absence of an Axis II disorder (Y/N), or the presence or absence of an Axis I and II disorder (Y/N). In this way eight subgroups were formed. Two significant "types" were found among the criminals: One was characterised by low platelet MAO activity, Cluster B personality diagnosis as well as Drug Abuse Disorder diagnosis (LYY); and the other by a pattern of normal platelet MAO activity, no Cluster B personality disorder, and no Drug Disorder diagnosis (HNN). Also two "antitypes", occurring less frequent than expected, were identified; LYN and LNY. Thus, the aggregation of certain risk factors in the same individual has been shown to contribute to the development of criminal behaviour.
The subgroups HNN, LYN, LNY and LYY were then analysed for a variety of criminological factors. There was a difference in mean age between the subgroups, the HNN being lowest. Economical crimes were more common at an early criminal debut and crimes involving violence at an adult debut. The HNN subgroup had a lower number of crimes and times spent in jail than the other subgroups. More than 50% of the clients in all groups had previously been sentenced to Reformatory.
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Tennant, Matthew Ryan. "The relationship between criminal thinking, impulsivity, and gambling among adult probationers /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000539/02/1988FT.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.Thesis advisor: Damon Mitchell. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-29). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Auty, Katherine M. "Family factors and the intergenerational transmission of psychopathy, personality disorders & criminal offending." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612574.
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White, Diana C. "The impact of demographic characteristics, personality variables, beliefs about the causes of crime and fear of crime on attitudes toward sentencing goals /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/66787.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2009.Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Professional Doctorate of Psychology (Counselling), [Faculty of Life and Social Sciences], Swinburne University of Technology - 2009. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-283).
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Gascón, Luis Daniel. "Artists and crooks: A correlational examination of creativity and criminal thinking." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3298.
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This study explores some of the possible correlations between creativity and criminal thinking evident in the literature in an attempt to link the two forms of cognition. An understanding of the concept of Malevolent Creativity can serve the purpose of elucidating another component of the criminal personality.
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Ampudia, Rueda Amada, Crespo Guadalupe Sánchez, and Gómez Fernando Jiménez. "Diagnostic accuracy of the MMPI-2 with the Mexican criminal personality: The ROC curve analysis." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100481.
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The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the personality of the Mexican criminal with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The inventory was administered to 1,740 Mexican participants of which 870 (728 male and 142 female) are prison inmates, processed and/or sentenced for various crimes from various prisons in Mexico City, and the other 870 participants (728 male and 142 female) are not prison inmates. The ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve analysis was used to assess the level of diagnostic accuracy through indexes of the Area below the curve (ABC), sensitivity (S) and specificity (E). The analysis was differentiated by gender and showed significant differencesEl objetivo de este estudio es poder apreciar la precisión diagnóstica de la personalidad del delincuente mexicano con la prueba del Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Se administró la prueba a un total de 1740 participantes mexicanos de los que 870 (728 varones y 142 mujeres) son reclusos, procesados y/o sentenciados por diferentes delitos, procedentes de diversas cárceles del Estado y Distrito Federal, y otros 870 (728 varones y 142 mujeres) son personas no reclusas. Se utilizó el análisis de la curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) para apreciar el nivel de precisión diagnóstica a través de sus índices del Área Bajo la Curva (ABC), su Sensibilidad (S) y Especificidad (E). El análisis, diferenciado por género, mostró notables diferencias.
O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em avaliar a precisão diagnóstica da personalidade do delinquente mexicano através da prova Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). A prova foi administrada a 1.740 participantes mexicanos, dos quais 870 (728 homens e 142 mulheres) são reclusos, julgados e condenados por diferentes delitos, procedentes de diferentes estabelecimentos prisionais da cidade do México, e outros 870 (728 homens e 142 mulheres) são pessoas não reclusas. Foi utilizada uma análise da curva de ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) para avaliar o nível de precisão diagnóstica através dos índices da Área Abaixo da Curva (ABC), sua sensibilidade (S) e Especificidade (E). A análise de diferenciação entre sexos revelou diferenças significativas.
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Flowers, Amanda Marie. "Parental and Sibling Substance Use and Criminal Behavior as Moderators for the Relationship Between Personality and Juvenile Delinquency." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148519563.
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Panich, Wendy. "Family and personality factors in juvenile delinquency." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8402.
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The current study investigated relationships between youth offending, family factors, and personality factors. As a follow-up study to McLoughlin et al, one of the primary focus of this study was to examine whether callous-unemotional traits and aggression could predict offending. The second primary focus of this study was to determine whether family factors also predict offending in combination with callous-unemotional traits and aggression. Police records of 126 youths were obtained, and these were analysed along with the responses that were collected in the previous years during 2007-2010. Several theories involving crime and family factors were also addressed. The results revealed that callous-unemotional trait and aggression were both related to offending. Family factors, particularly ones related to parenting were correlated with youth offending and antisocial behavioural traits.
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Dobrow, Jason A. "The Relationship between Psychopathic Personality Traits and Lying." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10112575.
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The current study examined the relationship between psychopathic personality traits and various forms of deception. Through the use of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment to measure psychopathy, and several different assessment tools to measure deception, including the Multidimensional Deception Inventory (MDI), the relationship between psychopathic personality traits and deception was examined. Using an undergraduate sample of 261 participants at a large research university in the Southeastern United States, the relationship between the aforementioned constructs was explored. Results indicated that the overarching personality traits of Antagonism and Disinhibition were positively related to multiple dimensions of lying behavior. Frequency of lies told, Duping Delight (lies told for enjoyment), and lies told for personal gain/impression management and to avoid disclosing pertinent information were positively related to both Antagonism and Disinhibition. Results point to the need for future study in this area, as limited previous research has looked at the overlap between psychopathic personality traits and deception.
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Zanone, Charles F. "Predictors of criminality and personality subtypes among women prisoners /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842577.
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Bressler, Markus Michael. "A Case Study of Forensic Interviewing of Antisocial Personality Disorder Diagnosed Inmates." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7533.
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Interview strategies applied in adult criminal justice settings focus on the interviewer and concentrate on obtaining information for the courts, while simultaneously neglecting a forensic understanding of interviewees, including the interviewee's decision-making and behavioral health impairments. As a consequence, there is a deficiency of evidence-based research regarding interview practices with persons diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Using social control and neutralization theories as the foundation, the purpose of this case study of a single justice system in the United States was to better understand the perspectives and experiences of ASPD diagnosed inmates (n =5) compared to incarcerated participants without any mental health diagnosis (n =5) regarding willingness to cooperate with the interviewer. Interview data were triangulated with the Gudjonsson Confession Questionnaire â Revised. Data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Results indicate that external and internal pressures, intoxication, perception of proof, involvement of third parties, and/or a lack of insight into diagnostic features of ASPD influenced decisions to cooperate with an interviewer, thereby impacting the quality of interview results. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to criminal justice systems to explore holistic interview strategies that may improve interview outcomes. Adhering to this recommendation may improve the quality of interviews and ensure that justice system objectives related to truthfulness and accuracy are enhanced as well as improve mental health outcomes of criminal offenders.
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Hammel, Scott David. "An investigation of the validity and clinical usefulness of the MMPI-A with female juvenile delinquents /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992806.
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Ratliff, Ebony Burrell. "EFFECT OF CRIMINAL DEFENDANT'S HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE AND PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS ON JUROR DECISION-MAKING." MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07052007-133705/.
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This study investigated whether a defendant?s history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and/or personality disorder (PD) diagnosis affected juror decision-making in a child sexual abuse trial. The personality disorders in the study were borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD). Participants were 186 college students who read a summary of the trial and then made various juror decisions. The defendant?s CSA history, alone or combined with PD diagnosis, did not affect guilt ratings or sentence recommendations, indicating that jurors did not automatically assume that a defendant who had been abused as a child was guilty (as an adult) of being an abuser. However, when the defendant had a PD diagnosis, there were higher guilt ratings than when there was no PD diagnosis. PD diagnosis was the best predictor of guilt ratings, suggesting that jurors perceive defendants more negatively if they have borderline or antisocial personality disorder.
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Gudonis, Lauren C. "THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND CONTEXTUAL DISADVANTAGE ON CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF HIGH RISK-FEMALES." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1092.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.Title from document title page (viewed on October 29, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: vi, 49 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-44).
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Liff, Christine Denise. "A Construct Validation Study of the Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY) Using an Incarcerated Juvenile Population." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278298/.
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The Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY) is a recently developed, multiscale assessment instrument designed specifically for adolescents between the ages of nine and 18. The purpose of this archival study was to establish clinical correlates for the PIY scales. PIY profiles were collected from 100 juvenile files at the Gainesville State School and examined in conjunction with the Child Assessment Scale (CAS) and the Personal Attitude Scale (PAS) to provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Results indicate modest to moderate convergent validity according to Campbell and Fiske's criteria for construct validity; however, discriminant results indicate considerable overlap among traits which are not expected to be highly correlated.
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Cuneo, Jodi R. "Comparison in Personality Profiles Between Child Abusers Versus Child Neglectors." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1404.
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Children who suffered parental abuse or neglect can be returned home if their safety can be ensured following offender treatment. However, some caregivers will continue to abuse or neglect their children upon return home, leading to additional treatment, state involvement, and harm to the child. This study assessed personality differences between child abusers and neglectors who were caregivers by applying a binary logistical regression analysis to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2) scores sampled from archival data for 215 caregivers. Analysis showed that the abusers had statistically significant higher scores on the F Scale ('Faking Bad'), but significantly lower scores on Scale 6 (Paranoia) than neglectors. While trait theory asserts that personality aspects are fundamentally fixed, there are treatment implications for differing personality defects. Even though caregivers who had their children removed for abuse or neglect are currently treated homogenously by the legal system, it was hypothesized that the two groups, abuse or neglect, would have different personality traits. Greater insights into the caregiver personalities can lead to more specific treatment, with separate components tailored to the individual, and improved case outcomes for caregivers reunited with their children after child protective services involvement. The social change implication of this study is the continued safety of children through improved treatment for the caregiver, a decrease in recidivism, and lowered child maltreatment rates in the community through a better psychological understanding of the offending caregiver.
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Dinkins, Barbara Joyce. "Psychopathy and Perception of Vulnerability." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5474.
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Prior research has shown that psychopathic traits correlate with ability to make more accurate assessments of vulnerability based on nonverbal cues (Wheeler, Book, & Costello, 2009; Book, Costello, & Camilleri, 2013). The current study aims to provide further support for this finding, examine effect of criminal experience, and determine if the finding generalizes to females and non-Caucasians. An online survey was conducted, where each participant was shown several videos of people walking alone down a hallway. After each video, they were asked to rate the vulnerability of the depicted person. Higher levels of psychopathic traits (measured by the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al., 2011)) were found to correlate with more accurate assessments of vulnerability when white or black males were assessing videos of males of their same race. Prior criminal behavior, however, did not relate to better accuracy, despite its relation to psychopathic traits. Results for females were not consistent with findings for males, indicating the finding may not generalize across gender. Potential reasons for these findings are discussed.
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Hilving, Rebecca. "Violent Female Offending: Examining the Role of Psychopathy and Comorbidity with DSM-IV Personality Disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30465/.
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This thesis examines the role of psychopathy in violent female offending, and explores DSM-IV personality disorders that may also be a factor. Past research on female offenders and psychopathy suggest that this is a valid construct when looking at female offenders. This study was driven by two questions: which personality disorders are most common in adult female offenders who are psychopathic, and are adult female offenders who are psychopathic more likely to have been convicted of a violent offense than those who are not psychopathic, but have at least one personality disorder. The results indicate that Cluster B personality disorders were the most common, and Cluster C the least common. The results also showed that those women who were psychopathic were no more likely to have been convicted of a violent crime than those who had at least one personality disorder, but were not psychopathic. Treatment implications and the direction of future research are discussed.
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Carter, Rachel Marjann. "Psychopathy in Male and Female Offenders: Validating the CAPP-IRS and Investigating the Impact of Gender Role Conformity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062832/.
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Recent conceptualizations of psychopathy are moving toward more inclusive, purely trait-based models. However, researchers continue to heavily rely on assessments of psychopathy that include categorical behavioral elements. The newly developed Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality – Institutional Rating Scale appears to be a promising interview-based measure of psychopathy, but research on its reliability and validity is in its infancy. As a second issue, the vast majority of research on psychopathy, particularly in offender populations, is conducted with male participants. Nonetheless, the growing body of literature involving incarcerated females suggests gender differences in the prevalence and manifestation of psychopathic traits. Reasons for these differences are unclear, but some have proposed socialized gender roles as a contributing factor. With a sample of 52 female 49 male offenders recruited from a large, metropolitan jail, this dissertation evaluated the construct validity of the CAPP-IRS and examined the effect of gender role conformity on the manifestation of psychopathic traits. Results indicated that a three-factor model of psychopathy represented by antagonistic interpersonal relations, restricted emotions, and disinhibited behavior best fit the data. Findings further suggested convergent and discriminant validity for the CAPP-IRS. Additionally, masculine and feminine gender role conformity differentially related to psychopathy, but generally accounted for a small proportion of the variance in psychopathic traits. Recommendations for future research on the CAPP model and its assessment as well as implications for the clinical assessment of psychopathy in women are discussed.
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Barrett, Barbara. "Developing methods for the economic evaluation of criminal justice interventions : application to the UK dangerous and severe personality disorder programme." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2009. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-methods-for-the-economic-evaluation-of-criminal-justice-interventions(9f757bdf-47c0-445a-995b-566b09cde925).html.
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Harpur, Timothy John. "Visual attention in psychopathic criminals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31019.
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This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that criminal psychopaths differ from criminal nonpsychopaths in their ability to over-focus attention on certain kinds of stimuli. For the purposes of this study, the concept of over-focussing was operationalized to mean the ability to process stimuli more quickly or efficiently by making use of one or more attentional mechanisms for selecting among locations or stimuli. A second aim of the study was to identify the component processes contributing to this more efficient selection.
Five experiments were run to assess several different components of attention contributing to selection of stimuli in a variety of paradigms. Experiments 1 and 2 assessed covert orienting of attention across the visual field using both peripherally presented physical cues and centrally presented symbolic cues to prime locations in visual space. Three dissociable components of attention were assessed in this paradigm. Experiments 3-5 were designed to assess the efficiency of processing a target item in the presence of a distractor item. Four additional dissociable components of selective attention were measured in these three studies.
The results supported the hypothesis that psychopaths can over-focus attention, but the groups were differentiated by only one of the component processes measured. In Experiments 1 and 2 endogenous orienting of attention was greater for
psychopaths than for nonpsychopaths. In these paradigms endogenous facilitation controlled the allocation of attention to cued locations, and the subsequent speeding of reaction time to targets presented at those locations, when the cue was symbolic or predictive, but not when it involved a physical change of energy at the cued location. This strategic allocation of attention probably resulted from the predictive validity (approximately 68% valid) of the cue in relation to the target. Other component processes failed to differentiate the groups. These included measures of exogenous orienting and inhibition of return in experiments 1 and 2, and measures of interference due to a distracting stimulus, habituation of interference, attenuation of interference due to spatial displacement of the distractor, and negative priming in experiments 3-5.
The difference in covert orienting was replicated in experiments 1 and 2 in two groups of criminals who also failed to demonstrate any abnormalities in a variety of other processes involved in attention. It was concluded that psychopaths differ from nonpsychopaths specifically in their strategic allocation of attention in situations of moderate uncertainty, but show no other abnormalities in the component processes that control attention.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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DAZZA, SERENA. "PADRE AGOSTINO GEMELLI DI FRONTE AL PROBLEMA DELLA REPRESSIONE PENALE: UN QUARANTENNIO DI RIFLESSIONI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/72216.
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L’elaborato si propone di ricostruire, valorizzando il contesto storico-giuridico coevo, il contributo offerto da Agostino Gemelli allo sviluppo del diritto penale. A tale scopo, la ricerca muove dalla fine dell’Ottocento, seguendo la formazione “positivista” di Edoardo Gemelli presso l’Università di Pavia e, al contempo, le vicende della contemporanea dottrina penalistica, costretta a confrontarsi con le istanze di cambiamento veicolate dall’antropologia criminale e raccolte, in seguito, dalla Scuola positiva di Enrico Ferri. Dalla constatazione dello stallo creatosi, all’inizio del secolo scorso, tra quest’ultima e le forze “della tradizione”, l’indagine prende le mosse per trattare della critica sviluppata da Gemelli circa le teorie dei positivisti, sia sul versante antropologico (i diversi scritti su Cesare Lombroso), sia su quello giuridico (il Parere Gemelli-Battaglini sul Progetto Ferri di codice penale). All’analisi di questa pars destruens, fa seguito una valutazione della pars costruens gemelliana – il programma per un diritto penale cattolico esposto alle Settimane Sociali del 1924 – e della sua corrispondenza con i principi informanti la coeva riforma penale ad opera della Scuola tecnico-giuridica, con un’attenzione particolare alle considerazioni espresse, alla luce della nozione di “personalità del delinquente”, sulle disposizioni del Codice Rocco, sia durante la sua formazione, sia nella sua piena vigenza.The thesis aims to reconstruct, enhancing the historical-legal context of the time, the contribution of Agostino Gemelli to the development of criminal law. In this respect, the research begins from the end of the nineteenth century, following Gemelli during his “positivist” training at the University of Pavia and, simultaneously, the evolution of coeval criminal law scolarship, committed to face the demands for change initially conveyed by criminal anthropology, and later collected by the Positive School of Enrico Ferri. Moving from the stalemate arisen at the beginning of the last century between the latter and the forces “of tradition”, the investigation deals with Gemelli’s critique of the positivists’ theories, carried out on both the anthropological and the legal field. The analysis of this pars destruens is followed by an evaluation of Gemelli’s pars costruens – the program for a Catholic criminal law presented at the Social Weeks of 1924 – and of its match to the principles informing the criminal law reform developed by the Technical-juridical School. Particular attention is devoted to the considerations expressed by the author, in light of the notion of “personality of the criminal”, on the provisions of the Rocco Code, both during its preparation process and when it came into force.
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Du, Toit Emile. "An evaluation of the MMPI-2 using South African pre-trial forensic patients : prediction of criminal responsibility and assessment of personality characteristics." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/57/1/dutoit-msocsc.pdf.
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This study examines the utility of the MMPI-2 in predicting responsibility in pre-trial forensic patients, using a post hoc sample of 94 offenders from Sterkfontein Psychiatric Hospital in Gauteng. Firstly, the overall characteristics of the pre-trial forensic patients are discussed, following an analysis of demographic, clinical, criminal and MMPI-2 pre-trial data, as well as an overview of the Megargee typological classification of offenders. The sample is classified into Criminally Responsible (CR), Diminished Criminal Responsibility (DCR) and Not Criminally Responsible (NCR), and the CR and DCR groups are collapsed (CR/DCR) for many of the analyses when comparing them to the NCR group. Secondly, the variance of variables with responsibility is discussed, after examining one-way ANOVA’s of demographic, clinical, criminal and MMPI-2 variables, as well as an overview of high point pairs. Thirdly, discriminant analyses were conducted of demographic, clinical and MMPI-2 variables. When comparing the collapsed CR/DCR group to the NCR group, psychiatric diagnosis, presence of psychosis, the MMPI-2 Pa and Es scales, as well as race and substance abuse each had unique predictive power and created a substantial discriminative equation (F (6,70) = 45.732, p <0.0005) with a successful prediction rate of 96%. Using only MMPI-2 variables to predict responsibility showed significant unique contributions for the Pa, Es, MAC-R and Mf scales, with the BIZ scale not quite significant, and a fairly significant overall discriminant equation (F (5,73) = 6.474, p < 0.0005), with an overall successful prediction rate of 82%, with the MMPI-2 variables adding an additional 3% to the predictive power of the demographic and clinical variables. Similarly, when examining the more complex 3 group responsibility classification of CR, DCR and NCR, it was found that the demographic, clinical and MMPI-2 variables of psychiatric diagnosis, psychosis, race, substance abuse, and the Pa, Es and Ma scales all had significant contributions to a powerful discriminant analysis (F (14, 136) = 19.758, p < 0.0005) that was capable of correctly reclassifying almost 95% of the sample, and the MMPI-2 variables providing an increase in predictive power of 8%. Differences in responsible and not responsible pre-trial forensic patients are discussed, as well as the role of the MMPI-2 in assessing these differences, and the fact that it is highly likely that it adds more to the forensic assessment of responsibility than a 3% (CR/DCR versus NCR) or 8% (CR versus DCR versus NCR) increase in predictive power. Limitations of the study are discussed, together with recommendations for future research with the MMPI-2 for assessment of criminal responsibility. The suggestion is made that the MMPI-2 can become a valuable tool in South African forensic settings, not only in the assessment of responsibility and malingering, but also in the placement, management, follow-up and treatment of offenders, to maximize the limited resources in South Africa allocated for the rehabilitation of offenders, and minimize the risk of recidivism or rehospitalization.
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Gazelix, Jean. "La prise en compte des éléments de personnalité du délinquant par le droit pénal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0288.
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L’étude des éléments de personnalité du délinquant relève avant tout du domaine des sciences comportementales telles que la psychologie, la psychiatrie, la criminologie ou encore la philosophie. Cependant, sous l’impulsion de la défense sociale, le droit pénal s’y est progressivement intéressé. Ce dernier ne considère plus le délinquant de manière abstraite mais le place au même rang que la gravité de l’infraction constatée. Pour ce faire, une connaissance approfondie de la personnalité était nécessaire, ce qui a conduit à une étroite collaboration entre le droit pénal et les sciences comportementales. Cette étude sur la personnalité du délinquant démontre que le droit pénal contemporain est axé sur les éléments de personnalité. Celui-ci en fait des éléments déterminants dans l’engagement de la responsabilité pénale et de la réaction pénale à la commission de l’infraction. En pratique, l’utilisation faite correspond à l’importance que leur accorde le législateur. Par exemple, au stade de l’instruction un dossier de personnalité est constitué. Ce dernier est souvent utilisé lors du jugement et au moment de la détermination de la peine. Cependant, le doute persiste toujours sur les moyens accordés par la justice pour évaluer la personnalité du délinquant. Quant aux éléments de personnalité pris en compte, ils diffèrent tout au long de la procédure. Ces derniers sont appréhendés différemment et par des personnes distinctes. Force est de constater que les éléments de personnalité affectent autant l’engagement de la responsabilité que la réaction pénale. Il est tout d’abord apparu que les conditions d’engagement de la responsabilité sont affectées par les éléments de personnalité du délinquant dont le dossier de personnalité en est un élément déterminant. Les conditions d’engagement de la responsabilité pénale ont été revues. Cela a permis de redéfinir les notions de culpabilité et d’imputabilité à l’aune des éléments de personnalité du délinquant. Si ces notions sont également dévolues à la personne morale, il est établi que la personnalité du délinquant telle que nous la concevons ne peut le lui être appliquée. Il a ensuite été question de s’intéresser à la réaction du droit pénal en réponse aux infractions commises. Cette phase est très importante au regard de la prise en compte de la personnalité du délinquant car la réaction pénale doit s’adapter tantôt à la gravité de l’infraction tantôt à la personnalité du délinquant. C’est aux magistrats du parquet et du siège qu’il revient la charge d’appliquer ce principe d’individualisation de la réponse pénaleThe study of the offender’s personality falls first within the field of behavioral sciences, such as psychology, psychiatry, criminology or even philosophy. However, through the social defense movement, the criminal law field got more and more interested in the study. In criminal law, the offender is not seen as an abstract object anymore but is placed at the same level as the gravity of the offense considered. To do so, an in-depth knowledge of the personality is necessary, which has led to a close collaboration between criminal law and behavioral sciences. This study on the offender’s personality shows that contemporary criminal law is based on components of the personality. They are decisive to determine criminal responsibility and the criminal justice response to the offense. In practice, the use of the offender’s personality reflects the importance attached to it by lawmakers. For instance, at the instruction stage, a file on personality is made. This file is often used for the judgment and the determination of the sentence. However, some doubt remains regarding the means granted by the justice system to assess the offender’s personality. Regarding the components of the personality taken into account, they change throughout the criminal proceedings. They are grasped differently and by different people. It is clear that the components of the personality affect both the determination of criminal responsibility and the criminal justice response. First, it appears that the conditions governing criminal liability are affected by the offender’s personality whose file on personality is decisive. Those conditions governing criminal liability have been reviewed, which helped redefine the notion of guilt and the notion of imputability using the components of the offender’s personality. The two notions are also used for the legal entity, but it is established that the offender’s personality, as understood here, cannot be applied to it. Second, the study focuses on the criminal justice response to the offence committed. This stage is really important regarding the offender’s personality because the criminal justice response must adapt either to the gravity of the offense or to the offender’s personality. It is for the prosecutors and the judges to apply this principle of the individualization of the criminal justice response
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Lugo, Melissa Anne. "Self-Control, Attitudinal Beliefs, and White-Collar Crime Intentions." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4721.
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Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime (1990) has received a great deal of empirical examination in the criminology, yet the application of this theory to white-collar crime offenders has not received a great deal of attention. Research that has been conducted in the realm of white-collar crime has yielded mixed support for low self-control in explaining such offenses (Simpson and Piquero, 2002; Reed and Yeager, 1996; Langton et al., 2006; Blickle, 2006). The current study seeks to supplement the literature by focusing not simply on the direct causal links between self-control and white-collar offending, but also exploring how attitudes play a role between self-control and intentions to engage in white-collar crime. Specifically, this study examines whether attitudes towards environmental offending mediate and moderate the relationship between self-control and intentions to engage in environmental white-collar crime. The results indicated that attitudes toward environmental offending did have a mediating effect, but the effect of attitudes did not significantly vary as a function of self-control. Subsequently, simple slopes analysis found that the effect of attitudes was only significant among those with average and high levels of self-control. Implications for the general theory of crime and future directions for white-collar crime research are discussed.
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Skrodenis, Justinas. "Kaltininko asmenybė ir jos įtaka baudžiamajai atsakomybei Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių baudžiamojoje teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_131644-87136.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama ir vertinama kaltininko asmenybės įtaka baudžiamajai atsakomybei Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių baudžiamojoje teisėje. Darbo tikslas - remiantis sukauptomis teorinėmis ir praktinėmis žiniomis nustatyti esamus kaltininko asmenybės vertinimo trūkumus ir privalumus nacionalinėje teisėje bei įvertinus užsienio šalių patirtį nagrinėjamu klausimu, padaryti išvadas, pateikti pasiūlymus. Pirmiausia, darbe nagrinėtas atskirų užsienio valstybių (Prancūzijos, Olandijos, Vokietijos, Anglijos ir Velso, JAV, Rusijos, Kanados) kaltininko asmenybės baudžiamasis teisinis vertinimas. Toliau darbe kritiniu požiūriu pažvelgta į kaltininko asmenybės baudžiamąjį teisinį vertinimą nacionalinėje teismų praktikoje. Darbe analizuojamos įvairių instancijų atskirų Lietuvos teismų baudžiamosios bylos, teismų nuosprendžiai ir nutartys. Siekiama nustatyti, kokių pasitaiko teismų praktikos nevienodumų bei trūkumų vertinant kaltininko asmenybę baudžiamosios atsakomybės ir bausmės individualizavimo procese, kodėl pasitaiko, kad baudžiamojo įstatymo nuostatos traktuojamos nevienodai. Nagrinėjant Lietuvos teismų praktiką bausmių praktinio pritaikymo aspektu pastebėta, kad bausmių taikymui būdingas nedarnumas, nenuoseklumas ir subjektyvumas vertinant kaltininko asmenybę. Darbe pateikiami teoriniai siūlymai įstatymų leidėjui ir teismų praktikai sprendžiant kaltininko asmenybės baudžiamojo teisinio vertinimo problemas. Darbo pabaigoje siūloma detaliau reglamentuoti bendruosius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The author of this scientific work analyses personality of an offender and its influence on criminal liability in Lithuanian and foreign countries criminal law. The aim of the study is by sustaining the accumulative theoretical and practical information to identify the merits and demerits of the offenders estimation in the national criminal law and while evaluating foreign countries experience to make the conclusions and suggestions for the national doctrine. First of all, the author analyses foreign countries (such as France, Netherlands, Germany, England and Wales, USA, Russia, Canada) experience in valuing personality of an offender and its influence on criminal liability. Then, there is given a critical look at the personality of an offender and its criminal evaluation in the national criminal law further in this scientific work. The study concentrates on the analysis of judicial practise of the decisions and sentences of various courts. The investigation of Lithuanian case law in practical aspects showed us that the application of sanctions considering the personality of an offender is not consistent and represents value judgement. The author attempts to make theoretical suggestions for the lawmaker and the courts how to solve the problem. At the end of the study the author suggests to regulate general principles of determining sentence in more detail way and to determine the influence of personality of an offender on criminal liability.
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Deutsher, Megan Mary, and deutsher@bigpond com. "A neuropsychological asessement of adult sex offenders." Swinburne University of Technology. Brain Sciences Institute, 2004. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060711.090050.
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There is widespread concern within at least Western cultures of the potential damage that sex offenders may cause to society. The government statistics highlight a frightening pattern of sexual abuse in Australia, with the trend implicating that sexual assault is on the rise and that children are the predominant victims (ABS, 2003b). Specifically, 17,850 reports of sexual assault were recorded in 2002, a 6% increase since 2001. Further to this, there is still no universal agreement as to the extent to which treatment effectively reduces sexual recidivism. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research into this problem behaviour. Research examining the causes of sexual offending has examined a biological hypothesis that sex offenders have functional brain impairment. However, the results of neuropsychological
assessments of various sex offender populations are inconsistent and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain function of males convicted and incarcerated for sexual offences against children using neuropsychological assessment. Specifically, it was hypothesised that the sex offenders would show functional impairment in their frontal and temporal lobes. A battery of neuropsychological tests was compiled to assess the functions of these regions including four WAIS-Ill subtests (Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Block Design and Picture Arrangement), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Rey Complex Figure (RCF), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the FAS Test. These tests were administered to 25
incarcerated male sex offenders, 25 incarcerated male non-sex offenders and 25 men with no criminal history. Although attempts were made to match these groups on age, level of education and level of intelligence, statistical analyses revealed that there were significant differences between the groups on these variables. These differences were statistically controlled using analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) and factorial analyses of variance (ANOVA).
The results indicated that the sex offenders performed significantly worse than the controls on all neuropsychological tests. However, statistically significant differences were only found between the sex offenders and control group on the immediate recall trials of the RAVLT and RCF. These observed differences did not change when age, level of education and level of intelligence were statistically controlled. It was concluded that there is insufficient evidence from this study to support the hypothesis that sex offenders have functional impairment in their frontal and temporal lobes. However, given the relevance of potential brain impairment to both the biological and social-cognitive perspectives of sexual offending, future research in this field is warranted.
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Cashel, Mary Louise. "Assessing Defensiveness with the PAI: a Cross Validational Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500994/.
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The use of scales on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to detect defensiveness in criminal and nonclinical samples was evaluated. Forty-five male inmates of a county jail and 38 male undergraduate psychology students were provided with incentives to complete the PAI under two conditions: standard instructions and experimental instructions to feign a specific, positive role. The sequence of instructions was counterbalanced in both samples for the purpose of examining ordering effects. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed, yielding significant main effects of condition, group and order. Additionally, a step-wise discriminant function analysis significantly predicted group membership (i.e., subjects under honest and faking conditions) with a hit rate = 84.4%. Finally, a more effective cutting score for the Positive Impression scale was recommended.
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Penney, Randy. "Career counselling for offenders : relationship between work personality, learning style and client intervention preferences /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62415.pdf.
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Батюк, О. В. "Дослідження особи злочинця в XX столітті." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60864.
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У XX ст.
можливості застосування досягнень медицини і генетики відкрили дієві
засоби індивідуального попередження, які повинні скласти основу для
подальшого широкого вивчення особи злочинця у XXI ст.
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Kelsey, Katherine R. "The Vulnerability of Self-report Measures of Psychopathy to Positive Impression Management: a Simulation Study with Inmates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699932/.
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Psychopaths have long been characterized as having a remarkable disregard for the truth, to the extent that deceit is often regarded as a defining characteristic of the syndrome. Scholars described heightened concerns about how psychopaths’ deceitful and manipulative nature could significantly obstruct evaluations of psychopathy. The accurate evaluation of psychopathy is very important in forensic and correctional settings, and in such issues as risk assessment or dangerousness. Although the PCL-R is considered the quasi-gold standard when it comes to evaluating psychopathy, self-report measures have become more widely available and researched. Very few studies specifically evaluated response styles and self-report psychopathy measures despite the significant concerns regarding psychopathy and deception. The current study evaluated the ability of inmates with different levels of psychopathy to successfully engage in positive impression management on the SRP-4, LSRP, and PPI-R. Utilizing a repeated-measures, within-subjects design, 78 male inmates completed the study under genuine and simulation conditions. Overall, inmates were able to significantly lower their scores on all three self-report measures and achieved scores equivalent to and even lower than college and community samples. Inmates with higher levels of psychopathy were able to achieve larger decreases in scores on the PPI-R and on several scales for each measure. Another key finding was the identification of promising PPI-R Virtuous Responding Scale cut scores that can be utilized within forensic populations. Results indicate self-report measures should not be used to replace the PCL-R or comprehensive assessment of psychopathy in forensic evaluations; however, they do provide additional useful information and may be beneficial in other clinical settings.
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Dolan, Mary S. "The MMPI : a subscale (Ic) for the identification of male incest offenders." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3406.
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The MMPI has been used extensively for the clinical assessment of deviancy among sexual offenders. In order to derive a diagnostic scale for the specific identification of male incest offenders, an item analysis, using MMPI data from offenders, compared MMPI data from a nonoffending control sample. The item analysis results were cross validated with MMPI data from a separate sample of incest offenders. Eleven MMPI items were found to be critical in discriminating male incest offenders from nonoffenders, and these items comprise the Ic experimental scale. On the basis of the Ic scale, male incest offenders evidence characterological disturbances in the form of pervasive feelings of psychological and social inadequacy.
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Funk, Russell. "MMPI and the juvenile sex offender Russell Funk." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3810.
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This study examined the effectiveness of the MMPI in identifying juvenile sex offenders. This study examined the hypothesis that previously identified subscales of the MMPI (i.e., Toobert et al. (1959) Pe scale and Dolan (1986) Ic scale) could be used in discriminating juvenile sex offenders (n=l 02) (and subgroups of juvenile sex offenders i.e., pedophiles n=79, and incest perpetrators n=41) from a control group of 40 juvenile offenders who had been adjudicated for non-sex related crimes. The study yielded results which indicate that the Pe subscale was not effective in discriminating pedophiles from non-pedophile sex offenders or from the control group. The results also indicated that the Ic subscale was not effective in discriminating incest perpetrators from non-incest sex offenders or the control group. The results from the data also indicate that the control group appeared more pathological than the sex offender group, based on their respective MMPI profiles. In addition, in comparison with previous research on adult sex offenders, there appears to be differences between adult sex offenders and juvenile sex offenders when comparing mean two point code scores. Problems in defining subgroups were discussed. A lack of research in the area of juvenile sex offenders was identified and a strong recommendation for further research in this area was made.
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Jalbert, Aimie E. "The role of personality and prior criminal offenses in the prediction of perceived helping alliance of nonsexual offending adjudicated adolescent males in residential facilities a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2009. http://dspace.nitle.org/handle/10090/13385.
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Juodviršis, Alius. "Nusikaltėlio asmenybės Lietuvoje kriminologinė charakteristika." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060322_120059-49910.
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The criminal‘s personality is the subject of research of various sciences. Every discipline raises it’s tasks and uses it’s and generally accredited methods at the time of analysis of problem of criminal’s personality. The person, who has done a criminal act as the subject of research is being analyzed from various sides – as the personality, as the subject of a criminal act and as individual.
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Humphrey, Branna. "It’s Not All ACEs: The Role of Negative Parental Influences and Criminal Thinking in Juvenile Offending Behaviors." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3889.
Full textAbstract:
The role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and criminal thinking in causing criminal behavior has been explored extensively in criminal justice research. Based on the concepts of ACEs and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Scale, the negative parental influences and criminal thinking styles of 1,354 juvenile offenders were examined to establish that negative parental influences and criminal thinking are separately associated with juvenile problem and offending behavior, and that criminal thinking mediates the relationship between negative parental influences and juvenile problem and offending behavior. Analyses showed support for criminal thinking as a pathway from negative parental influences to juvenile problem and offending behavior. Focuses for juvenile offender intervention programs are suggested.
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Barkhuizen, Jaco. "An exploration of the intrapsychic development and personality structure of serial killers through the use of psychometric testing." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09122005-140352.
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Abbass, Nagim Tony, and Jonas Molin. "Psychopaths in the media : Criminals, madmen or hidden among us?" Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20568.
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When society is viewed in a social constructive manner, the social worker is as affected as the general population by the media and the image it portrays. A prejudice or bias social worker will not be as effective in his work as his intentions are. The purpose of this thesis was to discover if there are any visible cultural differences in the usage and description of the concept of psychopathy or a psychopath himself in the media, more specifically, daily newspapers. There are three American newspapers and three Swedish newspapers examined in this study. The study is based on a quantiative content analysis of articles published between 1st of January 2008 and 1st of July 2012. The collected data is categorized where the articles can fall under one or more of five available categories. Even though no clear results occurred, some interesting indications are visible between American newspapers and Swedish newspapers, but more so between different American newspapers. Psychopaths, people with an Antisocial Personality Disorder, are most frequently mentioned as criminals or maniacs/madmen in both countries with a modestly higher percentage for the United States of America.När samhället blir sett ur ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv, blir socialarbetaren lika påverkad som den övriga populationen av den bild som media förmedlar och framställer. En fördomsfull eller partisk socialarbetare kommer inte att uppnå den effektivitet i sin profession som syftet med yrket innebär. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka eller upptäcka om det finns några synliga kulturella skillnader i bruket och beskrivningen av psykopati som begrepp eller psykopaten som person i media, mer specifikt dagstidningar. I den här studien ingår tre amerikanska dagstidningar och tre svenska dagstidningar. Studien är baserad på en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av artiklar publicerade mellan 1:a januari 2008 och 1:a juli 2012. Den insamlade data är kategoriserad där varje artikel kan falla under en eller flera av fem förekommande kategorier. Även om det inte går att utläsa några tydliga resultat, föreligger indikationer som kan vara av intresse mellan amerikanska dagstidningar och svenska dagstidningar, men dessa är tydligare mellan de olika amerikanska dagstidningarna. Psykopater, människor som har en antisocial personlighetsstörning, beskrivs mestadels som kriminella eller galningar/dårar i båda ländernas dagstidningar med en viss högre procentuell representation vad gäller USA.
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Karlsson, Anna, and Charlotte Lindén. "Vad får ungdomar att begå brott? : Undersökning om samband mellan Ungdomsbrottslighet och Personlighetsdrag, Familjerelationer, Vänners brottsliga beteende, bostadsområde och kön." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för psykologi, pedagogik och sociologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12045.
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Ungdomsbrottslighet är ett utbrett problem i världen och inte minst i Sverige. I denna studie undersöktes förekomsten av ungdomsbrottslighet och i vilken grad personlighet (Cloningers biopsykosociala modell för unga), familjeförhållanden och vänners brottsliga beteende relaterar till detta. Vidare studerades i vilken grad brottsligheten skiljer sig åt beroende på kön och bostadsområde. Studien genomfördes på ett urval om 1461 ungdomar i årskurs 7 och 8 som en del i projektet LoRDIA. Resultaten beskriver ett tydligt positivt samband mellan ungdomars brottsliga beteende och personlighetsdraget Novelty Seeking (sensationssökande, d.v.s. att individen är impulsiv, utforskande och spänningssökande). Vidare återfanns ett negativt samband mellan brottslighet och familjesammanhållning och ett positivt samband mellan brottslighet och vänners brottsliga beteende vilket tyder på att en god sammanhållning inom familjen verkar som en skyddande effekt mot brottslighet medan umgänge med kriminella vänner ökar risken för brottsligt beteende. Studien visade vidare att det finns tydliga könsskillnader i ungdomars brottsmönster. Förutom att killar begår fler brott än tjejer visade det sig att personlighetsdraget Novelty Seeking, som har ett generellt statistiskt signifikant samband med brottslighet, inte gav ett signifikant samband för killar boende i ett sämre socioekonomiskt område. Studien framhåller att både individuella karaktäristika och sociala band är viktiga för förståelsen av förekomsten av ungdomsbrottslighet.Juvenile delinquency is a widespread problem in the world and not least in Sweden. This study examined juvenile delinquency and the extent to which personality (the Cloningers biopsychosocial model for the young), family relationships and friends' criminal behavior relate to this. Furthermore, the extent to which crime differs depends on gender and residential area. The study was conducted on a selection of 1461 adolescents in 7th and 8th grade as a part of the LoRDIA project. The results describe a pronounced positive relationship between youngster's criminal behavior and the personality trait Novelty Seeking (i.e. the individual is impulsive, exploratory and sensational seeking). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between crime and family cohesion and a positive correlation between crime and friends' criminal behavior, which suggests that good cohesion within the family seems to be a protective effect against crime while dealing with criminal friends increases the risk of criminal behavior. The study further showed that there are pronounced gender differences in youth patterns of crime. In addition to boys committing more crimes than girls, it appeared that the personality trait Novelty Seeking has not a generally statistically significant relationship with crime for boys living in a worse socioeconomic area. The study emphasizes that both individual characteristics and social ties are important for understanding the existence of juvenile delinquency.
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Arruda, Ana Luiza Gardiman. "Periculosidade: uma (insustentável) qualidade atribuída." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21076.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Dangerousness is a controversial issue in criminal law by presenting two bases that distinctly affect the system. In matters of constraint of safety measures relating to non-imputable violators, the dangerousness takes the role of the psychiatry concept; when it is shown in the personality analysis of the imputable violator or in reprisals during the penalty execution, it takes shape of interdisciplinary, covering social issues inferences. The real use of dangerousness is questioned as a criterion for the criminal penalty, taking into account its incompability with legal category of culpability; and the relation between dangerousness, cruelty and enemy election. The starting point of analysis is the historical context of the emergence of the segregation idea of dangerous individuals, with the scope of demonstrating its interference in a construction that became theory, based on the distortion of the philosophy of Hegel. The study of criminal positivism, the clinical criminology and neuroscience will demonstrate that, for different approaches, the same is intended: penal law of an author based on the individual’s dangerousness. The study will then, analyze the dangerous individual according to Foucault’s studies. According to this, important themes will be proposed such as the relation between medicine and law, leading in the study of personality; the criminological exam and its controversial application nowadays; the safety measures and the proposals for psychiatric reform. Considering the role of social control, the study will analyze the dangerousness as a stigma and as an argument of exclusion, fact that will show that it is an unacceptable attributed quality. Still in this sense, the study will undergo the criminal law of the enemy and its influence on the current criminal law sciences searching for a philosophical answer to the social need of classifying people as dangerous. The study will be done using Nietzsche’s theory. Finally, it will treat the incompatibility between dangerousness and culpability considering important issues such as the differences between the criminal law of the author and criminal law of the fact; as well as the culpability as a limit to law enforcement. With all this, the aim is to show the existence of dangerousness in every individuals and, at the same time, its incompatibility with the penal system of culpability
A periculosidade é tema controverso do direito penal, por apresentar dois vieses que afetam distintamente o sistema. Quando se trata de imposição de medidas de segurança aos inimputáveis, a periculosidade assume o papel de conceito da psiquiatria; quando se manifesta na análise da personalidade do sujeito imputável ou em represálias durante a execução da pena, ganha contornos de interdisciplinaridade, abrangendo a interferência de questões sociais. Questiona-se a real utilidade da periculosidade enquanto critério para a sanção penal, considerando sua incompatibilidade com a categoria jurídica da culpabilidade; e a relação entre periculosidade, crueldade e eleição de inimigos. O ponto de partida da análise é o contexto histórico do surgimento da ideia de segregação de sujeitos perigosos, com o escopo de demonstrar a sua interferência em uma construção que passou a ser teórica, com base na distorção do pensamento hegeliano. O estudo do positivismo criminológico, da criminologia clínica e da neurociência demonstrarão que, por enfoques diversos, pretende-se a mesma coisa: um direito penal de autor, com base na periculosidade do sujeito. O trabalho passará, então, à análise do sujeito perigoso, de acordo com os estudos de Foucault. Nesse ponto serão tratados temas importantes como a relação entre medicina e direito, confluindo no estudo da personalidade; o exame criminológico e sua controversa aplicação nos dias de hoje; as medidas de segurança; e as propostas da reforma psiquiátrica. Considerando o papel do controle social, o trabalho analisará a periculosidade como estigma e como argumento de exclusão, o que nos mostrará que ela é uma insustentável qualidade atribuída. Ainda nesse ponto, passará pelo direito penal do inimigo e sua influência nas ciências criminais atuais e buscará uma resposta filosófica à necessidade social de classificar pessoas como perigosas, o que será feito por meio da teoria de Nietzsche. Por fim, tratará da incompatibilidade entre periculosidade e culpabilidade, considerando temas importantes, como as diferenças entre direito penal de autor e direito penal de fato; bem como a culpabilidade como limite para a imposição de pena. Pretende-se, com tudo isso, demonstrar a existência da periculosidade em todos os sujeitos e, ao mesmo tempo, a sua incompatibilidade com o sistema penal de culpabilidade
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Borzuk, Cristiane Souza. "O fortalecimento das explicações naturais para os fenômenos sociais ligados ao crime." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-20102014-124502/.
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O propósito deste trabalho é investigar a natureza das pesquisas que tem como objeto o Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial e o Comportamento Criminoso no Brasil. Partimos da hipótese de que nestas pesquisas há uma tendência a atribuir a fatores endógenos os motivos que fazem com que o crime seja cometido, excluindo a dimensão histórica. Centramo-nos na produção científica, pois entendemos que a ciência responde às necessidades objetivas de cada época e, sobretudo, pelo fato de que ela não é alheia aos processos postos em desenvolvimento pela totalidade social, sendo um elemento valioso para a compreensão da sociedade em que é produzida. Foram selecionados no Banco de Teses da CAPES os resumos de teses de doutorado e de dissertações de mestrado identificados a partir dos descritores Comportamento Criminoso, Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial e Psicopatia. A amostra consistiu em 47 resumos, sendo nove teses de doutorado e 36 dissertações de mestrado. Destes 47 resumos, foram escolhidos dois para o estudo da pesquisa completa. O procedimento adotado foi a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram a existência de duas tendências importantes. A primeira, monadológica, demonstra que nestas pesquisas o crime e a criminalidade foram relacionados a fatores individuais. Implicada nesta tendência foi possível verificar que: a. o comportamento criminoso foi associado, frequentemente, a alterações anatômicas e/ou funcionais do cérebro; b. há uma tendência a associar o crime ao diagnóstico de Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial; c. há o desenvolvimento e a validação de instrumentos voltados para a identificação de indivíduos supostamente predispostos a cometer crimes. A segunda tendência, menos expressiva numericamente, mas também importante, é a economicista. A centralidade destes trabalhos está na correlação entre problemas econômicos e o aumento ou diminuição nos índices de criminalidade. Nestes casos, a ênfase recai em aspectos microeconômicos, não havendo referência aos fatores estruturais do modo de produção. Também houve trabalhos que desenvolveram críticas vigorosas à tendência monadológica. Isto indica a existência de um potencial de resistência a ela. O referencial teórico-metodológico é a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, particularmente os escritos de Theodor AdornoInvestigating the nature of researches that aims the Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminal Behavior in Brazil is the scope of this study. We came from the hypothesis that there is a tendency in these studies which assign to endogenous factors the reasons for crimes to be committed, not including the historical dimension. We focused on scientific production because we understand that science responds to the objective needs of each epoch, and especially by the fact that it is not indifferent to the processes that are put into action by the social totality, being so a valuable element to understanding the society in which it is formed. PhD theses abstracts and MSc dissertations, identified from the descriptors Criminal Behavior, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy were selected in the CAPES Bank of Theses. The sample consisted of 47 abstracts, nine PhD theses and 36 MSc dissertations. Out of these 47 abstracts we have selected two for the study of full research. The procedure adopted was content analysis. The results pointed to the existence of two important tendencies. The first one, monadological, shows in those researches that crime and criminality were related to individual factors. Implicated in this tendency, it was also observed that: a. criminal behavior has been often associated with anatomical and/or functional changes in the brain; b. there is a tendency to associate crime to the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder, c. there is the development and validation of instruments intended to identify individuals predisposed to supposedly commit crimes. The second tendency, less significant numerically, but also important, is the economistic. The centrality of these studies is in the correlation between economic problems and the increase or decrease in crime rates. In these cases, the emphasis is on microeconomic aspects, there is no reference to structural factors of the production mode. There have also been studies that developed vigorous criticism to the monadological tendency. It indicates the existence of a potential for resistance to it. The theoretical-methodological framework is the Critical Theory of Society, particularly the writings of Theodor Adorno
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Dzoba, Nicholas. "Investigating Mentors' Perceptions Of The Effectiveness Of Using Resiliency-Building Strategies Within An At-Risk Adolescent Intervention Program." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/488.
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This research study seeks to enhance previous mentoring literature (Converse & Lignugaris, 2008; Cavell, Elledge, Malcolm, & Faith, 2009; Devenport & Lane, 2009) by further identifying the strategies and skills which help mentors form quality relationships and ultimately impact the resilience of at-risk adolescent mentees. Specifically, this study investigates volunteer mentors’ perceptions of incorporating the positive coping strategies of active listening, emotional regulation, conflict resolution, and future orientation within the initial stages of the mentoring process. Participants in this study are divided into two groups: the Coping Strategies (CS) Group and the Untrained Group (UG). The CS Group mentors have been individually trained to use the aforementioned coping strategies prior to being matched with mentees. The Untrained Group consists of mentors who received no formal training. Semi-structured interviews, which were conducted between three and four months into each mentoring relationship, reveal that focusing on relationship building and creating a level of comfort and trust with mentees were viewed by mentors from both groups as the paramount objectives during these beginning stages. Active listening is identified by a majority of participants as crucial for establishing a connection between mentor and mentee, building trust within the relationship, and engendering meaningful dialogue during beginning mentor sessions. Ultimately, this study finds that active listening training can be useful for helping mentors establish the foundation for a quality mentoring relationship, as well as for the use of additional coping strategies.
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Neira, Pinzon Clara Stella. "La compétence internationale pénale à la lumière du précédent Pinochet." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA024/document.
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L’application de la compétence internationale pénale dans l'affaire Pinochet à laissé un précédent important dans le domaine de la lutte contre l'impunité, comme le démontre la procédure mise en œuvre par l'Audiencia Nacional d'Espagne, ainsi que par la Cour d'Assises de Paris avec application du principe de la personnalité passive. En effet, avec le mandat d’arrêt international aux fins d'extradition émis par les autorités judiciaires espagnols, qui a permis l'arrestation de Pinochet à Londres, la négation de son immunité par la chambre des Lords et le jugement par défaut en France de son administration militaire, le droit international connait un avant et in après. Le droit international pénal est ainsi mis en exergue en tant que fondement juridique de la compétence extra-territoriale des Etats. Il permet d'utiliser tant le principe de la compétence universelle que celui. Il permet d'utiliser tant le principe de la compétence universelle que celui de la personnalité passive, toutes deux appliquées, dans cette affaire précise, dans le but d'exercer une justice internationaleThe application of the criminal international jurisdiction in the Pinochet case left an important precedent in the area of the fight against impunity, as shown by the procedure brought into play by the Spanish Audiencia Nacional and also by the Cour d'Assises of Paris, with the enforcement of the passive personality principle. Actually, with the international arrest warrant for extradition issued by the Spanish judicial authorities, which made possible the arrest of Pinochet in London; the denial of his immunity by the House of Lords and the judgment in absentia in France of his military organization, the international law has a before and an after. The international criminal law is under lined as the juridical foundation of the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the legal authorities of a state. It allows the application as well of the universal jurisdiction principle as of the passible personality principle, both used, in this precise case, with the objective to exercise an international justice
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Лещенко, В. А. "Кримінологічна характеристика та шляхи запобігання кримінальним правопорушенням серед жінок, засуджених до позбавлення волі на певний строк." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25229.
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Лещенко, В. А. Кримінологічна характеристика та шляхи запобігання кримінальним правопорушенням серед жінок, засуджених до позбавлення волі на певний строк : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 081 «Право» / І. М. Колодій ; керівник роботи Н. В. Коломієць ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра кримінального права та правосуддя . – Чернігів, 2021. – 97 с.Збереження високого рівня злочинності являє собою одну із складних проблем сучасного українського суспільства. Вагоме місце в системі державних органів, які беруть участь у попередженні злочинності, займають установи виконання кримінальних покарань. Вчинення засудженими жінками кримінальних правопорушень у процесі відбування покарання є одним із показників, за якими можна оцінювати ефективність або неефективність відповідних кримінально-правових норм, кримінальних покарань і заходів кримінально-правового характеру, діяльність органів і установ, на які покладено їх виконання, а також взаємодію всіх органів кримінальної юстиції і соціальних інститутів суспільства. Зміни в криміногенній обстановці серед засуджених до позбавлення волі жінок, з одного боку, і гуманізація умов відбування покарання та наближення їх до міжнародних стандартів поводження із засудженими, з іншого боку, обумовлюють актуальність проблеми попередження злочинності серед засуджених жінок в установах виконання кримінальних покарань, вирішення якої може бути забезпечене при комплексному здійсненні як спеціальнопопереджувальних, так і виправних, реабілітаційних і інших заходів. У Розділі 1 авторкою досліджено загальні засади кримінологічної моделі засудженої жінки, яка вчинила кримінальне правопорушення. У Розділі 2 досліджуються причини та умови вчинення кримінальних правопорушень серед жінок, засуджених до позбавлення волі на певний строк. Розділ 3 присвячений актуальним питанням запобігання кримінальним правопорушенням серед жінок, засуджених до позбавлення волі на певний строк. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає у тому, що кваліфікаційна робота є одним із перших досліджень, у якому проведено систематизацію заходів запобігання кримінальним правопорушенням в установах виконання покарань серед засуджених жінок на основі методології системного підходу та сформовано концептуальний підхід до попередження впливу кримінальної субкультури на поведінку засуджених жінок в місцях позбавлення волі. Напрацьовано та обґрунтовано рекомендації з нейтралізації прояву окремих елементів кримінальної та пенітенціарної субкультури в середовищі засуджених жінок у місцях несвободи та запропоновано конкретні способи і форми попередження негативних проявів субкультури у виправних установах кримінально-виконавчої системи України.
Preservation of a high level of crime is one of the complex problems of modern Ukrainian society. A significant place in the system of state bodies involved in preventing crime is occupied by institutions of criminal punishment. The commission of convicted women of criminal offenses in the process of punishment is one of the indicators that can assess the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the relevant criminal norms, criminal punishment and measures of a criminal law, the activities of bodies and institutions that are entrusted with their implementation, as well as interaction all bodies of criminal justice and social institutes of society. Changes in the criminogenic environment among the convicts of deprivation of women’s liberty, on the one hand, and humanization of the conditions for serving sentences and approaching them to international standards for condemned, on the other hand, determine the relevance of the problem of preventing crime among convicted women in institutions of criminal punishment, solving which Can be provided with a comprehensive implementation of both special-warning and correctional, rehabilitation and other measures. In Section 1, the general principles of a criminological model of a convicted woman who committed a criminal offense were investigated. Section 2 examines the causes and conditions for the commission of criminal offenses among women sentenced to imprisonment for a specified period. Section 3 is devoted to an actual issue of preventing a criminal offense among women sentenced to imprisonment for a specified time. The scientific novelty of the results is that qualification work is one of the first studies in which the systematization of preventing criminal offenses in penetration institutions among the convicted women on the basis of a systematic approach methodology and a conceptual approach to preventing the impact of criminal subcultures on the behavior of convicted women's behavior is carried out. in places of imprisonment. Recommendations for neutralizing the manifestation of certain elements of criminal and penitentiary subculture are developed and substantiated.