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Journal articles on the topic 'Personal injuries – New South Wales'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Haider, Tahira, and Debra Dunstan. "Understanding the barriers affecting psychologists’ adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines from a stakeholder standpoint." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 25, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2019.12.

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AbstractPsychologists’ adherence with evidence-based guidelines based on the biopsychosocial premise in the management of musculoskeletal injuries is influenced by the actions by General Practitioners (GPs), insurers, and injured patients’ actions. For data collection, we interviewed GPs (n = 6), insurers (n = 6), and injured people (n = 15) from the two personal injury compensation schemes in New South Wales. Thematic analysis yielded the following: GPs were reticent to access psychological services that represented a poor fit between their practice and treatment guidelines, insurers lacked trust in the validity of “secondary psychological injury” claims’. Injured peoples’ willingness to engage with treatment was impaired by a poor fit between the treatment guidelines and their experience of insurers’ and psychologists’ practices.

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2

Sharwood, Lisa N., Holger Möller, Jesse T. Young, Bharat Vaikuntam, Rebecca Q. Ivers, Tim Driscoll, and James W. Middleton. "The Nature and Cost of Readmissions after Work-Related Traumatic Spinal Injuries in New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091509.

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This study aimed to measure the subsequent health and health service cost burden of a cohort of workers hospitalised after sustaining work-related traumatic spinal injuries (TSI) across New South Wales, Australia. A record-linkage study (June 2013–June 2016) of hospitalised cases of work-related spinal injury (ICD10-AM code U73.0 or workers compensation) was conducted. Of the 824 individuals injured during this time, 740 had sufficient follow-up data to analyse readmissions ≤90 days post-acute hospital discharge. Individuals with TSI were predominantly male (86.2%), mean age 46.6 years. Around 8% (n = 61) experienced 119 unplanned readmission episodes within 28 days from discharge, over half with the primary diagnosis being for care involving rehabilitation. Other readmissions involved device complications/infections (7.5%), genitourinary or respiratory infections (10%) or mental health needs (4.3%). The mean ± SD readmission cost was $6946 ± $14,532 per patient. Unplanned readmissions shortly post-discharge for TSI indicate unresolved issues within acute-care, or poor support services organisation in discharge planning. This study offers evidence of unmet needs after acute TSI and can assist trauma care-coordinators’ comprehensive assessments of these patients prior to discharge. Improved quantification of the ongoing personal and health service after work-related injury is a vital part of the information needed to improve recovery after major work-related trauma.

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3

Miu, Jenny, Michael M. Dinh, Kate Curtis, and Zsolt J. Balogh. "Ladder‐related injuries in New South Wales." Medical Journal of Australia 204, no. 8 (May 2016): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja15.01245.

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4

Driscoll, Tim, and Rebecca Mitchell. "Fatal work injuries in New South Wales." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 13, no. 5 (2002): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb02042.

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5

Long, Jennifer, and Rebecca Mitchell. "Hospitalised Eye Injuries in New South Wales, Australia." Open Epidemiology Journal 2, no. 1 (January 27, 2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010001.

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6

Selecki, B. R., G. Berry, B. Kwok, J. A. Mandryk, I. T. Ring, M. F. Sewell, D. A. Simpson, and G. K. Vanderfield. "EXPERIENCE WITH SPINAL INJURIES IN NEW SOUTH WALES." ANZ Journal of Surgery 56, no. 7 (July 1986): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1986.tb07100.x.

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7

Thompson, CG, RKS Griffits, W. Nardi, MP Tester, MJ Noble, L. Cottee, and P. Weir. "Penetrating eye injuries in rural New South Wales." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology 25, no. 1 (February 1997): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.1997.tb01273.x.

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8

Cass, Danny T., Frank Ross, and Lawrence Lam. "School bus related deaths and injuries in New South Wales." Medical Journal of Australia 165, no. 3 (August 1996): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124886.x.

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9

Black, Barbara P. "School bus‐related deaths and injuries in New South Wales." Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 2 (January 1997): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb138741.x.

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10

Jorm, Louisa. "Firework injuries in New South Wales, 1992?93 to 2001?02." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 14, no. 6 (2003): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb03032.

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11

Leigh, J., H. B. Mulder, G. V. Want, N. P. Farnsworth, and G. G. Morgan. "Sprain/strain back injuries in New South Wales underground coal mining." Safety Science 14, no. 1 (May 1991): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-7535(91)90013-c.

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12

Khalessi, A., P. Maitz, P. Haertsch, and P. Kennedy. "Adult burn injuries due to domestic barbeques in New South Wales." Burns 34, no. 7 (November 2008): 1002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2008.01.021.

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13

Freedman, Linda, and Teresa Donaczy. "The Stolen Children: a personal account." Children Australia 16, no. 04 (1991): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200012529.

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Teresa Donaczy’s calm presence and quiet sense of humour cannot mask her pain. The memory of removal from her family at the age of five still haunts her. A re-union thirty-four years later, a happy marriage, nine children and thirteen grandchildren cannot erase the hurt. Born Teresa Kirby on an Aboriginal reserve in the New South Wales town of Balranald in 1936, Teresa recalls how the Aboriginal people hid their children in the bushes to avoid them being taken by New South Wales Government authorities.

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14

Guest, M., and A. Kable. "Sharps including needlestick injuries in Australian nurses practising in New South Wales." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 68, Suppl_1 (September 1, 2011): A102—A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100382.340.

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15

Yeo, J. D. "Prevention of spinal cord injuries in an Australian study (New South Wales)." Spinal Cord 31, no. 12 (December 1993): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.1993.118.

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16

Duggan, D., and S. Quine. "Burn injuries and characteristics of burn patients in New South Wales, Australia." Burns 21, no. 2 (March 1995): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(95)92129-z.

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17

Flynn, Michael. "A Diminutive Enigma: New perspectives on Arthur Phillip, first Governor of New South Wales." Sydney Journal 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/sj.v5i1.5724.

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A sardonic and private man, Arthur Phillip has always been an enigma. His private papers were mostly dispersed and lost, his origins were covered in obscurity and misinformation and few personal descriptions have survived. This essay examines the available information to consider Phillip's personal life and rumours about his death.

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18

Howden, Juliette, Jenny Danks, Peter McCluskey, Mark Gillett, and Raf Ghabrial. "Surfboard‐related eye injuries in New South Wales: a 1‐year prospective study." Medical Journal of Australia 201, no. 9 (November 2014): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja14.00567.

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19

Wilson, S. F., P. A. Atkin, T. Rotem, and J. Lawson. "Spinal cord injuries have fallen in rugby union players in New South Wales." BMJ 313, no. 7071 (December 14, 1996): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7071.1550.

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20

Hooker, Claire, and Simon Chapman. "Deliberately personal: Tobacco control debates and deliberative democracy in New South Wales." Critical Public Health 16, no. 1 (March 2006): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581590600601916.

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21

Guest, Maya, Ashley Kable, and Mary McLeod. "A survey of sharps including needlestick injuries in nurses in New South Wales, Australia." Healthcare infection 15, no. 3 (September 2010): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hi10019.

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22

Ore, Timothy. "Trends and costs of injuries and disease in the New South Wales construction industry." Safety Science 15, no. 1 (May 1992): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-7535(92)90036-y.

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23

Hemsley, Susan, and Paul Canfield. "Traumatic Injuries Occurring in Possums and Gliders in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29, no. 4 (October 1993): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.4.612.

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24

Mitchell, Rebecca J., and Mike R. Bambach. "Personal injury recovery cost of pedestrian–vehicle collisions in New South Wales, Australia." Traffic Injury Prevention 17, no. 5 (June 16, 2016): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2015.1115025.

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25

Rowlands, Allison. "Personal Services Assistance after the Sydney Floods of August 1986." Children Australia 12, no. 3 (1987): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000014223.

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In New South Wales, the State Disaster Welfare Plan provides the structure for disaster relief and the co-ordination of both government and non-government bodies. The plan provides for a Personal Services and Welfare Information subcommittee in each regional or local area, responsible for assistance to individuals, groups and communities. This can be of a personal (e.g. counselling, referral) and information (e.g. dissemination, publicity, meetings) nature. Separate subcommittees are responsible for accommodation, clothing, catering and registration in the immediate post-disaster phase.The New South Wales Government also provides assistance to families who have suffered material losses in bushfires or floods, though a Relief Scheme, administered by the Department of Youth and Community Services and the Bushfire/Flood Relief Committee. The department is divided into ten regions throughout the state.

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26

Roe, Justin P., Thomas K. F. Taylor, Ian A. Edmunds, Robert G. Cumming, Stephen J. Ruff, Meg D. Plunkett-Cole, Marje Mikk, and Richard F. Jones. "Spinal and spinal cord injuries in horse riding: the New South Wales experience 1976−1996." ANZ Journal of Surgery 73, no. 5 (May 2003): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.t01-1-02618.x.

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27

Mitakakis, T. Z., E. R. Tovey, W. Xuan, and G. B. Marks. "Personal exposure to allergenic pollen and mould spores in inland New South Wales, Australia." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 30, no. 12 (December 2000): 1733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00966.x.

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28

O’Connor, Nick, Katherine Zantos, and Viviana Sepulveda-Flores. "Use of personal electronic devices by psychiatric inpatients: benefits, risks and attitudes of patients and staff." Australasian Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (February 20, 2018): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218758564.

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Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of patients and staff in relation to the potential benefits and risks of allowing psychiatric inpatients controlled access to personal electronic devices (PEDs), and to document a snapshot audit of practice within the mental health inpatient units of New South Wales, Australia. Methods: Psychiatric inpatients and staff at Royal North Shore Hospital’s Mental Health inpatient units were surveyed, and an audit of the policies of the psychiatric inpatients of New South Wales was undertaken. Results: Access to PEDs is denied in 85% of New South Wales psychiatric inpatient units. While patients and staff appear to concur on the risks of access to PEDs and the need for risk assessment and rules, compared to patients, staff appear to underestimate the importance of PEDs to maintaining social connection and recovery. Conclusions: This study may assist in the formulation of local policy and procedure to allow a more recovery-oriented approach to the question of whether patients should have access to their PEDs while in hospital.

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29

Collyer, Fran, and Catherine Heal. "Patient Satisfaction with Sex Re-assignment Surgery in New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 3 (2002): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02039.

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An evaluation of the effect of sex re-assignment surgery on a group of patients attending a private clinic in Sydney, Australia. Fifty-seven patients who underwent full male-to-female sex re-assignment surgery between 1987 and 2000 completed a satisfaction survey. Several factors that might influence the extent of satisfaction with surgical outcome were explored, including age, work status, social life, and the appearance and function of the new genitalia. Patients reported significantly improved social and personal satisfaction following surgery, compared with five years previously. The study challenges outcomes from previously reported studies with regard to the age of patients at the time of surgery, and the finding that from the patient's perspective, there is no fundamental association between a successful surgical outcome and a satisfactory post-operative life experience.

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30

Guest, Maya, Ashley K. Kable, May M. Boggess, and Mark Friedewald. "Nurses’ sharps, including needlestick, injuries in public and private healthcare facilities in New South Wales, Australia." Healthcare infection 19, no. 2 (June 2014): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hi13044.

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31

Kamara, Serrie, Indira de Silva, and Tilak Kuruppuarachchi. "Counting the cost of work-related injuries and diseases in poultry farming in New South Wales." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 13, no. 5 (2002): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb02047.

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32

Middleton, P. M., S. R. Davies, S. Anand, T. Reinten-Reynolds, O. Marial, and J. W. Middleton. "The pre-hospital epidemiology and management of spinal cord injuries in New South Wales: 2004–2008." Injury 43, no. 4 (April 2012): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.12.010.

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33

Walter, Scott R., Jake Olivier, Tim Churches, and Raphael Grzebieta. "The impact of compulsory cycle helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia." Accident Analysis & Prevention 43, no. 6 (November 2011): 2064–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.029.

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34

Falster, Michael O., Deborah A. Randall, Sanja Lujic, Rebecca Ivers, Alastair H. Leyland, and Louisa R. Jorm. "Disentangling the impacts of geography and Aboriginality on serious road transport injuries in New South Wales." Accident Analysis & Prevention 54 (May 2013): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.01.015.

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35

Inder, Kerry J., Rafat Hussain, Joanne Allen, Bronwyn Brew, Terry J. Lewin, John Attia, and Brian J. Kelly. "Factors associated with personal hopefulness in older rural and urban residents of New South Wales." Advances in Mental Health 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18374905.2015.1039186.

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36

Kaye, Bruce N. "The Baggage of William Grant Broughton: The First Bishop of Australia as Hanoverian High Churchman." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 8, no. 3 (October 1995): 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9500800303.

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This article examines the intellectual and ecclesiastical baggage which W. G. Broughton brought with him when he came to New South Wales as Archdeacon in 1829 by tracing Broughton's early life and education, his early ministry and scholarly writings, and identifying Broughton's circle of friends in the Church of England. The travel diary which Broughton kept on his journey to New South Wales is examined for his estimate of the books he read while on ship. Broughton emerges from this study as a person of considerable scholarly talent, and a member of the old High Church group by both theological, and political conviction as well as personal friendships.

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37

Climstein, M., A. Knox, L. Gill, W. Baker, P. Whitecross, H. Ansems, C. Butler, R. Parker, I. Heazlewood, and S. Burke. "THE NEW SOUTH WALES YOUTH SPORTS INJURY SURVEY: A STUDY OF SPORTS PARTICIPATION AND SPORTS INJURIES 1088." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 29, Supplement (May 1997): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-01087.

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38

Walter, Scott R., Jake Olivier, Tim Churches, and Raphael Grzebieta. "The impact of compulsory helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: A response." Accident Analysis & Prevention 52 (March 2013): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.11.028.

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39

Melleuish, Gregory. "Personal Politics and Being British: Political Rhetoric, Democracy and their Consequences in Colonial New South Wales." Australian Journal of Politics & History 59, no. 1 (March 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12000.

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40

Ph.D., Mary Helou,, Linda Crismon, Ed.D., and Christopher Crismon, M. S. P. "The Synergy between John Dewey’s Educational Democracy and Educational Reforms in New South Wales, Australia." World Journal of Educational Research 9, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v9n1p1.

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“Education, therefore, is a process of living and not a preparation for future living. John DeweyThe current study examines the impact of John Dewey’s democratic educational principles on the recent educational reforms in New South Wales, Australia, using data collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, with open-ended questions, as part of case studies designed for this purpose. The participants in this study are all Australian educators (n=60), undertaking full-time and part-time academic posts, involving learning and teaching activities at universities and other higher educational institutions/providers in Sydney, Australia. As part of the case studies, the individual, personal, and professional teaching and learning journeys of the educators are sketched in details in relation to John Dewey’s four (4) key democratic educational reformative principles. Finally, this research study concludes by providing a realistic response to the following question: Given the current liberal and relatively democratic educational system in New South Wales, are the Australian educators truly given the opportunity to create a positive and constructive future vision for Australia, in general, and the Australian graduates, in particular. The current study further provides a realistic and clear-cut description of the hurdles facing the current educational system in New South Wales, Australia.

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41

Fitzpatrick, Matthew. "New South Wales in Africa? The Convict Colonialism Debate in Imperial Germany." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000260.

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In 1852, the naturalist and writer Louisa Meredith observed in her book My Home in Tasmania: “I know of no place where greater order and decorum is observed by the motley crowds assembled on any public occasion than in this most shamefully slandered country: not even in an English country village can a lady walk alone with less fear of harm or insult than in this capital of Van Diemen's Land, commonly believed at home to be a pest-house, where every crime that can disgrace and degrade humanity stalks abroad with unblushing front.”Meredith's paean to life in the notorious Australian penal colony of Hobart was in stark contrast to her earlier, highly unfavourable account of colonial Sydney. It papered over the years of personal hardship she had endured in Australia, as well as avoiding mention of the racial warfare against Tasmania's Aborigines that had afforded her such a genteel European existence.Such intra-Australian complexities, however, were lost when Meredith's account was superimposed onto German debates about the desirability of penal colonies for Germany. Instead, Meredith's portrait of a cultivated city emerging from the most notorious penal colony in Australia was presented as proof that the deportation of criminals was an important dimension of the civilising mission of Europe in the extra-European world. It was also presented as a vindication of those in Germany who wished to rid Germany of its lumpen criminal class through deportation. The exact paragraph of Meredith's account cited above was quoted in German debates on deportation for almost half a century; first in 1859 by the jurist Franz von Holtzendorff, and thereafter by Friedrich Freund when advocating the establishment of a penal colony in the Preußische Jahrbücher in September 1895.

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42

Beuran, M. "TRAUMA CARE: HIGHLY DEMANDING, TREMENDOUS BENEFITS." Journal of Surgical Sciences 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33695/jss.v2i3.117.

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From its beginning, mankind suffered injuries through falling, fire, drowning and human aggression [1]. Although the frequency and the kinetics modifiy over millennia, trauma continues to represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality even in the modern society [1]. Significant progresses in the trauma surgery were due to military conflicts, which next to social sufferance came with important steps in injuries’ management, further applied in civilian hospitals. The foundation of modern trauma systems was started by Dominique Jean Larrey (1766-1842) during the Napoleonic Rin military campaign from 1792. The wounded who remained on the battlefield till the end of the battle to receive medical care, usually more than 24 hours, from that moment were transported during the conflict with flying ambulances to mobile hospitals. Starting with the First World War, through the usage of antiseptics, blood transfusions, and fracture management, the mortality decreased from 39% in the Crimean War (1853–1856) to 10%. One of the most preeminent figures of the Second World War was Michael DeBakey, who created the Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (MASH), concept very similar to the Larrey’s unit. In 1941, in England, Birmingham Accident Hospital was opened, specially designed for injured people, this being the first trauma center worldwide. During the Golf War (1990–1991) the MASH were used for the last time, being replaced by Forward Surgical Teams, very mobile units satisfying the necessities of the nowadays infantry [1]. Nowadays, trauma meets the pandemic criteria, everyday 16,000 people worldwide are dying, injuries representing one of the first five causes of mortality for all the age groups below 60 [2]. A recent 12-month analysis of trauma pattern in the Emergency Hospital of Bucharest revealed 141 patients, 72.3% males, with a mean age of 43.52 ± 19 years, and a mean New Injury Severity Score (NISS) of 27.58 ± 11.32 [3]. The etiology was traffic related in 101 (71.6%), falls in 28 (19.9%) and crushing in 7 (5%) cases. The overall mortality was as high as 30%, for patients with a mean NISS of 37.63 [3]. At the scene, early recognition of severe injuries and a high index of suspicion according to trauma kinetics may allow a correct triage of patients [4]. A functional trauma system should continuously evaluate the rate of over- and under-triage [5]. The over-triage represents the transfer to a very severe patient to a center without necessary resources, while under-triage means a low injured patient referred to a highly specialized center. If under-triage generates preventable deaths, the over-triage comes with a high financial and personal burden for the already overloaded tertiary centers [5]. To maximize the chance for survival, the major trauma patients should be transported as rapid as possible to a trauma center [6]. The initial resuscitation of trauma patients was divided into two time intervals: ten platinum minutes and golden hour [6]. During the ten platinum minutes the airways should be managed, the exsanguinating bleeding should be stopped, and the critical patients should be transported from the scene. During the golden hour all the life-threatening lesions should be addressed, but unfortunately many patients spend this time in the prehospital setting [6]. These time intervals came from Trunkey’s concept of trimodal distribution of mortality secondary to trauma, proposed in 1983 [7]. This trimodal distribution of mortality remains a milestone in the trauma education and research, and is still actual for development but inconsistent for efficient trauma systems [8]. The concept of patients’ management in the prehospital setting covered a continuous interval, with two extremities: stay and play/treat then transfer or scoop and run/ load and go. Stay and play, usually used in Europe, implies airways securing and endotracheal intubation, pleurostomy tube insertion, and intravenous lines with volemic replacement therapy. During scoop and run, used in the Unites States, the patient is immediately transported to a trauma center, addressing the immediate life-threating injuries during transportation. In the emergency department of the corresponding trauma center, the resuscitation of the injured patients should be done by a trauma team, after an orchestrated protocol based on Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS). The modern trauma teams include five to ten specialists: general surgeons trained in trauma care, emergency medicine physicians, intensive care physicians, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, radiologists, interventional radiologists, and nurses. In the specially designed trauma centers, the leader of the trauma team should be the general surgeon, while in the lower level centers this role may be taken over by the emergency physicians. The implementation of a trauma system is a very difficult task, and should be tailored to the needs of the local population. For example, in Europe the majority of injuries are by blunt trauma, while in the United States or South Africa they are secondary to penetrating injuries. In an effort to analyse at a national level the performance of trauma care, we have proposed a national registry of major trauma patients [9]. For this registry we have defined major trauma as a New Injury Severity Score higher than 15. The maintenance of such registry requires significant human and financial resources, while only a permanent audit may decrease the rate of preventable deaths in the Romanian trauma care (Figure 1) [10]. Figure 1 - The website of Romanian Major Trauma Registry (http://www.registrutraume.ro). USA - In the United States of America there are 203 level I centers, 265 level II centers, 205 level III or II centers and only 32 level I or II pediatric centers, according to the 2014 report of National Trauma Databank [11]. USA were the first which recognized trauma as a public health problem, and proceeded to a national strategy for injury prevention, emergency medical care and trauma research. In 1966, the US National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council noted that ‘’public apathy to the mounting toll from accidents must be transformed into an action program under strong leadership’’ [12]. Considerable national efforts were made in 1970s, when standards of trauma care were released and in 1990s when ‘’The model trauma care system plan’’[13] was generated. The American College of Surgeons introduced the concept of a national trauma registry in 1989. The National Trauma Databank became functional seven years later, in 2006 being registered over 1 million patients from 600 trauma centers [14]. Mortality from unintentional injury in the United States decreased from 55 to 37.7 per 100,000 population, in 1965 and 2004, respectively [15]. Due to this national efforts, 84.1% of all Americans have access within one hour from injury to a dedicated trauma care [16]. Canada - A survey from 2010 revealed that 32 trauma centers across Canada, 16 Level I and 16 Level II, provide definitive trauma care [18]. All these centers have provincial designation, and funding to serve as definitive or referral hospital. Only 18 (56%) centers were accredited by an external agency, such as the Trauma Association of Canada. The three busiest centers in Canada had between 798–1103 admissions with an Injury Severity Score over 12 in 2008 [18]. Australia - Australia is an island continent, the fifth largest country in the world, with over 23 million people distributed on this large area, a little less than the United States. With the majority of these citizens concentrated in large urban areas, access to the medical care for the minority of inhabitants distributed through the territory is quite difficult. The widespread citizens cannot be reached by helicopter, restricted to near-urban regions, but with the fixed wing aircraft of the Royal Flying Doctor Service, within two hours [13]. In urban centers, the trauma care is similar to the most developed countries, while for people sparse on large territories the trauma care is far from being managed in the ‘’golden hour’’, often extending to the ‘’Golden day’’ [19]. Germany - One of the most efficient European trauma system is in Germany. Created in 1975 on the basis of the Austrian trauma care, this system allowed an over 50% decreasing of mortality, despite the increased number of injuries. According to the 2014 annual report of the Trauma Register of German Trauma Society (DGU), there are 614 hospitals submitting data, with 34.878 patients registered in 2013 [20]. The total number of cases documented in the Trauma Register DGU is now 159.449, of which 93% were collected since 2002. In the 2014 report, from 26.444 patients with a mean age of 49.5% and a mean ISS of 16.9, the observed mortality was 10% [20]. The United Kingdom - In 1988, a report of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, analyzing major injuries concluded that one third of deaths were preventable [21]. In 2000, a joint report from the Royal College of Surgeons of England and of the British Orthopedic Association was very suggestive entitled "Better Care for the Severely Injured" [22]. Nowadays the Trauma Audit Research network (TARN) is an independent monitor of trauma care in England and Wales [23]. TARN collects data from hospitals for all major trauma patients, defined as those with a hospital stay longer than 72 hours, those who require intensive care, or in-hospital death. A recent analysis of TARN data, looking at the cost of major trauma patients revealed that the total cost of initial hospital inpatient care was £19.770 per patient, of which 62% was attributable to ventilation, intensive care and wards stays, 16% to surgery, and 12% to blood transfusions [24]. Global health care models Countries where is applied Functioning concept Total healthcare costs from GDP Bismarck model Germany Privatized insurance companies (approx. 180 nonprofit sickness funds). Half of the national trauma beds are publicly funded trauma centers; the remaining are non-profit and for-profit private centers. 11.1% Beveridge model United Kingdom Insurance companies are non-existent. All hospitals are nationalized. 9.3% National health insurance Canada, Australia, Taiwan Fusion of Bismarck and Beveridge models. Hospitals are privatized, but the insurance program is single and government-run. 11.2% for Canada The out-of-pocket model India, Pakistan, Cambodia The poorest countries, with undeveloped health care payment systems. Patients are paying for more than 75% of medical costs. 3.9% for India GDP – gross domestic product Table 1 - Global health care models with major consequences on trauma care [17]. Traumas continue to be a major healthcare problem, and no less important than cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and access to dedicated and timely intervention maximizes the patients’ chance for survival and minimizes the long-term morbidities. We should remember that one size does not fit in all trauma care. The Romanian National Trauma Program should tailor its resources to the matched demands of the specific Romanian urban and rural areas.

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Rotem, Tai R., James S. Lawson, Chris W. Aisbett, Stephen F. Wilson, Stella Engel, and Sue B. Rutkowski. "Severe cervical spinal cord injuries related to rugby union and league football in New South Wales, 1984‐1996." Medical Journal of Australia 168, no. 8 (April 1998): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb138989.x.

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Divljan, Anja, Kerryn Parry-Jones, and Peggy Eby. "Deaths and injuries to Grey-headed Flying-foxes,Pteropus poliocephalusshot at an orchard near Sydney, New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 35, no. 3 (January 2011): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2011.022.

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Rissel, Chris. "The impact of compulsory cycle helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: A rejoinder." Accident Analysis & Prevention 45 (March 2012): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.11.017.

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Bierbaum, Mia, Kate Curtis, and Rebecca Mitchell. "Incidence and cost of hospitalisation of children with injuries from playground equipment falls in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 54, no. 5 (November 7, 2017): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13777.

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Herbst, Peter. "Kafka in the Forest: A Personal Note on Monga Forest and Contemporary History in New South Wales." Environment and History 4, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734098779555664.

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Athanasou, James A. "The Vicissitudes of Life: Some Effects of Injuries on Career Development." Australian Journal of Career Development 16, no. 2 (July 2007): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841620701600206.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine four case studies on the effects of injuries on adult career development. The four cases are taken from published judgements in the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Supreme Courts. Each case is analysed in terms of the person's background, the key issues and the demonstrable impact on educational and vocational development. As expected, these selected cases highlight the catastrophic effects of injuries on expected career development. This was viewed as a function of the person's background and the type of accident and the associated injuries. Sometimes there is evidence of a return to work but it is qualitatively and quantitatively different from what might be expected had the accident not occurred.

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Burgess, Craig. "Pommies and penis gourds in the Antipodes: a personal perspective." Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 2, no. 4 (January 3, 1995): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v2i4.955.

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During the 1990s more and more junior doctors are talking about the great lands 'down under' that have been described as the lands of milk and honey (or is it milk and money?). Curiosity got the better of me and in 1993 I decided to have a taste. I worked for six months in paediatrics and six months in obstetrics and gynaecology in a large teaching hospital in Newcastle, New South Wales, then intermittently as a locum in a country hospital for two months before travelling back. These personal experiences have been broadened by the impressions of fellow Manchester graduates out there.

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Draper, Brian, Rosemary Karmel, Diane Gibson, Ann Peut, and Phil Anderson. "Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment in New South Wales Hospital Patients Aged 50 Years and Over." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 45, no. 11 (November 2011): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048674.2011.610297.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the principal reasons for admission, medical comorbidities, interventions and outcomes of patients admitted to New South Wales hospitals with alcohol-related cognitive impairment. Methods: We extracted data from the NSW Admitted Patient Care Database for nearly 410 000 multi-day hospital admissions from 222 public hospitals ending between July 2006 and June 2007 for people aged 50 and over. Data linkage using a unique patient identifier, derived by the Centre for Health Record Linkage identified hospital transfers and readmissions for individual patients. Using ICD10-AM codes, we identified patients with alcohol-related dementia, amnesic syndrome due to alcohol, and Wernicke's encephalopathy, their principal reasons for admission and medical comorbidities, and procedures undertaken. Outcomes were length of stay, mortality, discharge destination, and readmission. Results: A total of 462 patients diagnosed with alcohol-related dementia (n = 300; 82% male, mean age 63.9 years), Wernicke's encephalopathy (n = 77) or amnesic syndrome due to alcohol (n = 126) were identified with overlap between diagnoses. Alcohol-related dementia occurred in 1.4% of dementia patients, and was more likely to occur in younger age groups and men than other types of dementia. Alcohol-related mental disorder was recorded in 70% of alcohol-related dementia multi-day admissions: dependence (52%), ‘harmful use’ (11%) and withdrawal (12%). Principal reasons for admission for multi-day stays included alcohol-related mental disorder (18%), liver disease (11%) and injuries/poisonings (10%). Medical comorbidity was common. Like other dementia patients, alcohol-related dementia patients had longer length of stay (mean of 15 days) than non-dementia patients and more transfers to residential care (7%). However, mortality was similar to non-dementia patients (5%). Discharge at own risk was high (3.7%). Conclusions: Alcohol-related dementia is a preventable and potentially reversible condition. Investigation of intervention strategies initiated during hospitalization are warranted.

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