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Journal articles on the topic 'Personal hygiene care'
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1
Way, Susan. "Post-delivery personal hygiene care." British Journal of Midwifery 4, no. 12 (December 1996): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1996.4.12.633.
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Mumtaz, Dzakiyatul Fahmi, Tati Hardiyanti, and Ito Wardin. "ANALISIS PERILAKU REMAJA TENTANG GENITAL HYGIENE CARE." Jurnal Perawat Indonesia 6, no. 3 (January 11, 2023): 1173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32584/jpi.v6i3.1847.
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Personal hygiene merupakan salah satu kemampuan dasar manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya untuk mendapatkan kesejahteraan holistik. Manusia yang tidak bisa melakukan personal hygiene dengan baik maka dapat dikatakan terganggu dalam melakukan personal hygiene. Salah satu contoh personal hygiene adalah genital hygiene care. Personal hygiene tentang genital care pada wanita perlu mendapat perhatian khusus dikarenakan karakteristik bentuk fisiologis organ genitalia wanita. Proses kematangan organ genitalia terjadi pada saat remaja akhir sehingga personal hygiene genital care pada remaja akhir hingga dewasa awal perlu diperhatikan. Penelitian systematic review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis genital hygiene care wanita usia remaja dan dewasa awal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain systematic review. Pencarian sistematis dari database elektronik Sciencedirect, Pubmed dan Sage, dengan rentang publikasi literatur 2017-2022. Kata kunci yang digunakan “Personal hygiene OR hygiene AND genital care AND adult OR young adult OR teenager AND women”. Kriteria inklusi difokuskan pada perilaku hygiene genitalia wanita remaja dan dewasa awal. Literatur lengkap yang disertakan menggunakan pedoman PRISMA. Setelah membaca keseluruhan include literatur, tema dan konsep kunci diekstraksi dan disintesis. Total terdapat 2382 artikel disaring. Lima artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Analisis menemukan 4 kategori yang terkait perilaku kebersihan organ genitalia di wanita remaja dan dewasa awal: vaginal douching, wearing tight pants, menstrual hygiene dan additional care. Hasil analisis menyatakan apabila ke-4 kategori tersebut tidak dilakukan oleh wanita maka dapat menyebabkan infeksi organ genitalia seperti vulvodynia hingga kanker serviks. Genital hygiene care merupakan hal yang vital pada wanita terutama remaja usia 18-25 tahun yang mengalami proses-proses kematangan organ genitalia agar mampu menekan angka kejadian infeksi organ genitalia. Kata kunci: Genital hygiene care, personal hygiene, dewasa, wanita
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Laksmi, Made Hermina, Ni Made Dwi Puspawati, Aurelia Stephanie, and Putu Gde Hariwangsa. "Personal hygiene genitalia wanita." Intisari Sains Medis 13, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i3.1461.
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Since the beginning, genital hygiene has become a concern for women susceptible to infections of the urinary tract and reproductive system where the vagina is an unsterile organ related to external exposure and close to the anus. Several problems related to the personal hygiene of female genitalia arise due to a lack of understanding and literature discussing this matter. This literature review will discuss the normal flora of the female genitalia and procedures for daily vaginal care, which aims to increase understanding of female genital personal hygiene. Sejak dahulu hygiene genetalia sudah menjadi perhatian kaum wanita, karena wanita sangat rentan terkena infeksi traktus urinarius dan sistem reproduksi dimana vagina merupakan organ yang tidak steril yang berhubungan dengan dunia luar serta berdekatan dengan anus. Beberapa masalah terkait personal hygiene genitalia wanita timbul akibat kurang pemahaman dan sedikitnya literatur yang membahas tentang hal ini. Tinjauan pustaka ini akan membahas mengenai flora normal genitalia wanita dan tata cara perawatan vagina sehari-hari yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap personal hygiene genitalia wanita.
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LUBIS, FITHRI HANDAYANI, and Hengki Frengki Manullang. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA SISWA DALAM MANAJEMEN LAYANAN USAHA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH (UKS) SMK GANDA HUSADA TEBING TINGGI TAHUN 2022." Jurnal Penelitian Kesmasy 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpksy.v5i1.1115.
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Personal hygiene comes from the Greek words meaning individual, and cleanliness, meaning health. Personal hygiene is taking care of your body to improve your physical and mental health. Clean and healthy living behavior is behavior done by the community to take care of their own health and play an active role in maintaining the cleanliness and health of the environment. Poor personal hygiene can cause various diseases such as diarrhea, tooth decay, and asthma. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of personal hygiene on school health services. The research design used is descriptive observation with a qualitative approach. Sampling is done using the probability sampling method. The survey method is a questionnaire. This data was analyzed using chi-square statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between knowledge and personal hygiene with a P value of 0.004. There is an Influence of Attitude with Personal Hygiee at SMK Ganda Husada Tebing Tinggi with a P value of 0.001. There is an influence of Educator Support with Personal Hygiene with P value of 0.003. There is an influence of family support with personal hygiene with a P value of 0.003. There is an influence of PHBS Facilities with Personal Hygiene with a P value of 0.004. In schools, it is recommended that personal hygiene education be taught more in accordance with the school curriculum. Schools can collaborate with local start-ups through the UKS program and conduct regular personal hygiene sessions
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Fahmi, Norma Farizah, and Dwi Aprilia Anggraini. "PENYULUHAN PENTINGNYA HYGINE DAN SANITASI DALAM MENCEGAH INFEKSI STH SERTA IDENTIFIKASI STH PADA KUKU WARGA DI KECAMATAN TRAGAH." JURNAL PARADIGMA (PEMBERDAYAAN & PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT) 3, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36089/pgm.v3i1.527.
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Personal hygiene comes from the Greek, derived from the word 'personal' which means individual and 'hygiene' which means healthy. Personal hygiene is an action to maintain the cleanliness and health of a person for both physical and psychological well-being. Types of personal hygiene include skin, foot, hand and nail hygiene, hair care, oral and dental care, eye, ear and nose care. The purpose of personal hygiene care is to improve one's health status, maintain one's personal hygiene, improve personal hygiene that is lacking, prevent disease, increase one's self-confidence and create beauty. One disease that is quite closely related to personal hygiene is worms and fungal infections (mycosis). In rural communities where the majority of the population work as farmers who are directly in close contact with the soil which is the breeding medium for STH, of course, personal hygiene is very necessary so that they are not easily infected with STH. Another thing that needs to be considered is the environmental conditions in the community in the village, namely the distance between the house and the stables for livestock such as cows which are very close together. The close distance between the house and the livestock cage also has the potential to transmit parasites if the livestock feces are not cleaned regularly. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to conduct counseling on personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in the community as well as identify the presence of worm infection in nail samples in villagers which on this occasion will take place in Tragah District. There were 26 participants identified with STH infection and 14 participants not identified with STH infection
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Hannan, Mujib, and Dian Ika Puspitasari. "HUBUNGAN PERAWATAN KELUARGA DENGAN PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA LANSIA DI DUSUN ASEM NUNGGAL DESA KALIANGET BARAT KECAMATAN KALIANGET." WIRARAJA MEDIKA 7, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/fik.v7i2.433.
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Family care affects personal hygiene on the elderly this indicates that care family is the family indicator in performing the function of health while the personal hygiene is a parameter that used to improve the care of the family. The aims of this research are to know relationship between the treatment of families with personal hygiene on the elderly in Dusun Asem Nunggal Desa Kalianget Barat Kecamatan Kalianget.
This research is quantitative with cross sectional approach. Population are all elderly in Dusun Asem Nunggal Desa Kalianget Barat Kecamatan Kalianget are 56 people. The number of samples are 49 people with simple random sampling. Data analysis using the Spearman Rho to test (α = 0.05 ). Data collection using observation and family care questionnaires and personal hygiene.
The results of research on family care shows most (57,1%) do good family care. While the results of research about personal hygiene showed the majority of respondents (61,2%) do personal hygiene well. The results of the test using the corelation of spearman rho indicates p value= 0.000 which means there is a significant relationship between family care with personal hygiene on the elderly.
Families can improve the care of the family and understand more about health problems in the elderly. The elderly must maintain personal hygiene on him. The better care the family performed on the elderly then personal hygiene on the elderly is also getting better.
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Simorangkir, Lindawati, and Endang Sinaga. "SELF-CARE AGENCY IMPROVES PERSONAL HYGIENE OF ELDERLY IN A NURSING HOME IN BINJAI [SELF-CARE AGENCY MENINGKATKAN PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA LANSIA DI PANTI WERDA BINJAI]." Nursing Current Jurnal Keperawatan 7, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/nc.v7i1.2225.
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<p>The Self-Care Agency role is to increase knowledge with changing attitudes in driving the elderly to be more aware of the importance of personal hygiene in their daily lives. One attempt in the prevention of disease in the elderly is by doing personal hygiene so that the elderly can better feel comfort, safety and well-being. This study aimed to determine the effect of Self-Care Agency to the personal hygiene of the elderly in nursing home Binjai. The design study is Quasi-Experimental Design Time Series, with the approach of One Group Pre Post Test Design. Sampling was done by purposive sampling with a sample of 30 respondents. Research results pre intervention personal hygiene less category as much as 73%, and post intervention personal hygiene category of "good" as much as 53.3%. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test showed that the self-care agency signifikat to improving the personal hygiene of the elderly in Panti Werda Binjai, with p value = 0.001. Low personal hygiene of the elderly in nursing home Binjai due to lack of awareness of the importance of self care. It is necessary innovations in providing nursing interventions, assistance, support and cooperation with the nursing home attendant in improving personal hygiene of the elderly.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA </strong>Self-Care Agency berperan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dengan mengubah sikap dalam mengarahkan lansia untuk lebih menyadari pentingnya melakukan personal hygiene didalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Salah satu usaha pencegahan penyakit pada lansia dengan melakukan personal hygiene sehingga lansia dapat merasakan kenyamanan, keamanan dan kesejahteraan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Self-Care Agency terhadap personal hygiene lansia di Panti Werda Binjai. Desain penelitian yang digunakan Quasi Experimental Time Series Design, dengan pendekatan One Group Pre Post Test Design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan dengan purposive sampling dengan besar sampel 30 responden. Hasil penelitan pre intervensi personal hygiene kategori kurang sebanyak 73%, dan post intervensi personal hygiene kategori “baik” sebanyak 53,3%. Berdasarkan hasil uji Wilcoxon memperlihatkan bahwa Self-care agency signifikan terhadap peningkatan personal hygiene lansia di Panti Werda Binjai, dengan nilai p value = 0,001. Personal hygiene yang rendah pada lansia di Panti werda Binjai disebabkan kurangnya kesadaran pentingnya perawatan diri. Maka perlu inovasi dalam memberikan intervensi keperawatan, pendampingan, dukungan dan kerjasama dengan petugas panti werda dalam meningkatkan personal hygiene lansia.</p>
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Paramita, Windya Kartika. "Systematic Review: Affecting Behaviour of Hygiene and Health Care of the Eldery." Jurnal PROMKES 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i1.2021.69-78.
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Background: The Elderly is an age group that has decreased organ function which is susceptible to various diseases. The elderly also experience physical decline which can affect personal hygiene and health care behavior. Objective: To determine the factors that affect the personal hygiene and health care of the elderly. Method: Personal hygiene referred to in this study was hygiene to care for the whole body including skin, feet, teeth, nails, and hair. This study was a systematic review of studies with primary data related to factors affecting personal hygiene and health care for the elderly. The study was conducted on 35 international journals. Results: Personal hygiene of the elderly are feet. Factors that influence their hygiene on demographic factors include residence, education, source of income, gender, age, and knowledge. Factors affecting elderly hygiene on personal characteristic factors include need assistance, perceived benefits, disease, frequency of cleansing, self-efficacy, physical change, degree of independence, mobility, and self-motivation. Factors affecting them on facilities and infrastructure factors supporters include equipment, care services facilities, equipment, distance to care service facilities, social support, and practical conditions. Factors affecting on healthy program factors include training, education caregiver, motivation caregiver, health promotion, health information seeking, satisfaction, informal care, behavioral programs, utilization, and functional health literacy. Conclusion: Factors affecting personal hygiene and health care for the elderly include demographics, characteristics of the elderly, supporting facilities, and infrastructure and health programs. Dominant factor affecting personal hygiene and health care for elderly are educational, residence, and income source.
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Ilatus Zahroh and Emi Yunita. "Assistance to postpartum mothers using the Home Care method on Personal Hygiene and Breast Care in Kebun Hamlet and Congaban Hamlet, Samiran Village, Proppo Subdistrict, Pamekasan Regency." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat DEDIKASI 4, no. 2 (November 12, 2023): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33482/ddk.v4i2.76.
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Postpartum infections are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in developing countries. Personal hygiene in postpartum mothers is very important so that they are not vulnerable to infection. This service activity has a direction to improve skills in maintaining personal hygiene and performing breast self-care in postpartum women with the target of activities being a group of postpartum women in the garden hamlet and congaban hamlet of Samiran village, Proppo sub-district, Pamekasan district. The method used is by providing assistance to postpartum women door to door about personal hygiene and breast care. The results obtained are that after home care assistance, postpartum women understand the causes, signs and symptoms and prevention of postpartum infections through good personal hygiene and proper breast care. From counseling activities on personal hygiene and breast care in postpartum mothers, it is very useful, especially for mothers who have children for the first time (primipara). The delivery of material and demonstrating breast care is very influential in improving midwifery care services for postpartum women. Counseling on personal hygiene and breast care by health workers is very useful to increase the knowledge and skills of postpartum women in performing personal hygiene and breast care independently after childbirth.
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Michalik - Marcinkowska, Urszula, and Aleksandra Kiełtyka-Słowik. "Limited adherence to personal hygiene of school-aged children and people over 60 as a continuing challenge for health educators." Przeglad Epidemiologiczny 78, no. 1 (June 5, 2024): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32394/pe/188802.
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BackgroundHygienic behavior as such belongs to health behavior, acquired at home, at school, at workplace or through the mass-media.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to analyze the perception of personal hygiene among different age groups and the sociodemographic factors related to hygiene behavior.Material and methodsThe author’s questionnaire for children and seniors concerning selected hygienic behavior was used. The questionnaire was conducted in two groups: 200 primary school children in age: 8-11 years; 109 girls and 91 boys and 200 older people: young-old (60-74 years) and old-old (75+); 110 women and 90 men.ResultsGirls longer than boys take morning hygiene behavior, but statistically boys spend more time on evening washing, cleaning and brushing. Seniors hygienic behavior depend on age: young-old are more likely take a shower every day (51.79%) than seniors in the old-old group (29.86%). The same statistically significant difference was noticed in case of washing hands before a meal.ConclusionsChildren care more about personal hygiene than older people. Age, not gender, is a factor determining the frequency of hygiene practices among older people. Young-old care more about personal hygiene than old-old.
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Natasha, Cut Windi, Husna Hidayati, and Yuni Arnita. "Asuhan keperawatan keluarga dengan masalah personal hygiene pada remaja autisme." Indonesian Journal of Health Science 4, no. 6 (September 20, 2024): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54957/ijhs.v4i6.1117.
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Background: Personal hygiene problems are frequently found in autistic children due to their lack of ability to carry out daily functional activities independently, dealing with the situation. The role of the family is absolutely necessary to improve personal hygiene in autistic children. Aim of Researc: In this scientific study, it aimed to expound the nursing care of family with personal hygiene problems in autistic adolescents. Research method: This used descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach to nursing care, including reviewing, establishing diagnosis, intervening, implementing, and evaluating. Result of Study: Nursing intervention referred to five tasks of family health, including introducing personal hygiene problem, giving support and motivation to the family in taking care of family members related to personal hygiene, demonstrating how to brush teeth and how to wash hands properly, providing a comfortable environment, suggesting family having use the nearby facility. Conclusion: Family nursing care was based on five essential family task in improving interest and family motivation to apply personal hygiene for autistic children. Recommendation: It is also recommended for family members increase family support by always providing positive rewards for the abilities of autistic children. Latar belakang: Masalah Personal hygiene sering dijumpai pada anak autis karena kurangnya kemampuan melakukan aktivitas fungsional sehari-hari secara mandiri. Peran keluarga sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan personal hygiene pada anak autis. Tujuan: Karya tulis ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang asuhan keperawatan keluarga dengan masalah personal hygiene pada remaja autis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan keluarga yang meliputi pengkajian, penetapan diagnosa, intervensi, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Hasil: Intervensi keperawatan keluarga yang diberikan merujuk pada lima tugas kesehatan keluarga yaitu pengenalan masalah personal Hygiene, memberikan dukungan dan motivasi pada keluarga untuk merawat anggota keluarga yang mengalami masalah personal Hygiene, demonstrasi cara menggosok gigi dan mencuci tangan dengan baik dan benar, menciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman, serta menganjurkan keluarga untuk memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan terdekat. Kesimpulan: Asuhan keperawatan keluarga berdasarkan lima tugas kesehatan keluarga sangat penting dalam meningkatkan minat dan motivasi untuk menerapkan personal hygiene pada anak autis. Saran: Disarankan pada anggota keluarga untuk meningkatkan dukungan keluarga dengan selalu memberikan reward positif atas kemampuan anak dengan autis.
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Alqomaria, Eka. "Personal hygiene pada odgj dengan defisit perawatan diri di kelurahan Padang harapan kecamatan Gading Cempaka kota Bengkulu, 38225." Pengabdian Masyarakat Cendekia (PMC) 3, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55426/pmc.v3i1.281.
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Personal hygiene is an independent self-care activity, including maintaining the cleanliness of body parts consisting of hair, clean eyes, nose, mouth, teeth and skin. Self-care deficit is a situation where a person experiences a lack of technological level to carry out individual personal hygiene activities including bathing, hygiene and defecation (Abdul, 2015). According to Orem, lack of self-care is an individual's inability to carry out personal hygiene adequately, so several systems are needed that can help clients meet their self-care needs (Erlando, 2019).
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Santoso, Putri Nurseptiarawati, Madepan Mulia, and Rina Mariani. "PENERAPAN PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DENGAN MASALAH KEPERAWATAN DEFISIT PERAWATAN DIRI DI PUSKESMAS KOTABUMI II LAMPUNG UTARA." Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia (JIKPI) 5, no. 1 (March 18, 2024): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.57084/jikpi.v5i1.1619.
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Schizophrenia is a disorder of thought and perception accompanied by blunted affect due to brain damage. On of the symptoms often found in schizophrenic patient is a self-care deficit, the nursing action taken for this problem is personal hygiene. This study aims to obtain an overview of implementing personal hygiene with the problem of self-care deficit nursing in the working area of the Kotabumi II north Lampung Community health center.. The research method used nursing actions in the form of applying personal hygiene to 1 schizophrenic patient with a self-care deficit nursing problem in the Kotabumi II Community Health Center Working Area, North Lampung, which was reported in the form of a case study. The results of the study showed that after being given nursing action in the form of applying personal hygiene to one client, there was a decrease in signs and symptoms and an increase in independence in carrying out activities. The conclusion of this research is that personal hygiene nursing actions can reduce signs and symptoms of self-care deficits and increase client independence. Nurses are expected to be able to provide personal hygiene nursing measures to patients with self-care deficits
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Rose, Ali. "An Instruction Program for Residents of Geriatric-Care Homes about Personal Hygiene in Al Cyelakh Geriatric Care Home." Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties 36, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.58897/injns.v36i1.733.
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Objective(s): The study aims to evaluate the information of the elderly about personal hygiene , and to find out the relationship between residents of geriatric-care homes knowledge and their demographic characteristics . Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study is conducted at geriatric home in Al Cyelakh Geriatric Care Home. The study was started at between November 20, 2021, and March 1, 2023. randomly sample of (30) elderly in geriatric home were studied . Data were collected throughout the utilization of the adopted questionnaire and interview technique. The questionnaire was consists of (40) items related to concerned personal hygiene geriatrics persons, the reliability of instrument was (0.88) by using Cronbach's Alpha, the data analysis done by using the statistical methods which include (descriptive, and inferential statistics) Results: The socio-demographic characteristics of elderly who participate in present study were man more than female . The age high percentage at age group was (60-69) years old .The Level of education among the study sample was elementary . Monthly income was barely sufficient and there were effectiveness of instructional on elderly knowledge toward personal hygiene throughout the total mean at pre and post test which of (1.34) (low level), to (2.39) high level of knowledge. Conclusions: The study concluded that there were positive effect of instruction program on elderly knowledge toward personal hygiene for geriatric persons. Recommendations: The study recommends to providing a guide line for the personal hygiene in all geriatric care homes. Keywords: Instructional program , Knowledge, Geriatric Home . Elderly, Personal hygiene.
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Dewi, Ratna Sari, and Dovi Dwi Mardiyah Ningsih. "Pengaruh Penyuluhan pada Remaja Putri tentang Pentingnya Merawat Personal Hygiene pada Kejadian Keputihan." Jurnal Kebidanan 12, no. 2 (October 11, 2022): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35874/jib.v12i2.1092.
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Personal hygiene is a practice of maintaining cleanliness physical, and psychological health, low personal hygiene care is a difficult situation to maintain cleanliness. Purpose of study was to determine the effect of counseling on adolescent girls about the importance of taking care personal hygiene in the incidence of vaginal discharge. The research method cross-sectional design with one group pre-and post-test. The population is 37 students aged 18-20 from class X, XI, and XII at SMKN 1 Jombang. Sampling purposive sampling to select a sample of 35 respondents. The independent variable is counseling to adolescents about the importance of taking care of personal hygiene, the dependent variable is the incidence of vaginal discharge, data analysis using T-Test, processing by editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating. The results of study before receiving personal hygiene counseling, more than 19 (59.4%) of 32 respondents reported experiencing vaginal discharge, and 7 of 32 respondents (21.9%) after receiving counseling reported experiencing vaginal discharge. The results T-Test statistic test (row) = 0.000 < (0.05), so that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected, indicating that there is an effect of counseling on adolescent girls about the importance of taking care personal hygiene in the incidence of vaginal discharge at SMKN 1 Jombang. The conclusion is there is an effect of counseling on adolescent girls about the importance of taking care of personal hygiene in the occurrence of vaginal discharge, parents and teachers must be actively involved in educating adolescents about personal hygiene, reproductive health, especially vaginal discharge.
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Adhyatma, Aminah Aatinaa, Netty Herawaty Purba, and Septi Maisyaroh Ulina Panggabean. "PERSONAL HYGIENE EDUCATION AS THE APPLICATION OF PERSONAL HYGIENE BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS." Awal Bros Journal of Community Development 4, no. 1 (July 13, 2023): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54973/abjcd.v4i1.333.
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Physical health problems in adolescents are often ignored so that they have an impact on physical health in adolescents. Lack of personal hygiene knowledge can be a factor inhibiting personal hygiene health in adolescents. Some health departments that need attention by adolescents in the implementation of personal hygiene such as maintaining healthy teeth and mouth, skin and facial health, reproductive organ health, daily clothing, and hair care and finger nails and toe nails. This community service aims to: 1) Establishing cooperation between the Bachelor of Midwifery Program Study at Awal Bros University and the Community Health Centers and Adolescents Posyandu in the Batam City Region in community service activities; 2) Growing awareness and increasing youth knowledge about personal hygiene so that youth can know and apply self-hygiene behavior so that they can avoid various health problems. This community service activity was carried out at the Adolescents Posyandu in the Working Area of the Sei Panas Health Center in Batam City in April 2023 which involved 22 participants. This community service includes three stages including the preparation stage, the program implementation stage, and the evaluation at the end of the activity. The results obtained from this community service activity are that adolescents can know and apply personal hygiene behavior. There is an increase in the percentage of adolescents with good and sufficient knowledge and a decrease in the percentage of adolescents with less knowledge so that it can be concluded that the provision of counseling regarding personal hygiene to adolescents greatly influences the increase in participants' knowledge of the material provided.
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Jubaedah, Yoyoh, Neni Rohaeni, and Afifah Azzahra. "PEMBUATAN PROGRAM PENYULUHAN PERAWATAN KEBERSIHAN DIRI (PERSONAL HYGIENE) BERBASIS LIFE SKILL UNTUK ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI PANTI SOSIAL ASUHAN ANAK." JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan) 6, no. 02 (October 24, 2019): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jkkp.062.06.
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This main reason of this reseaserch is the absence of treatment programs particularlly personal hygiene and cleanliness based on the life skill for preschooler in social childcare institutions or orphanage.The elucidation care of personal hygiene and cleanliness is aims to help extension to the provision concerning the treatment personal hygiene and cleanliness for them. The purpose of this research is to produce a counseling program of personal hygiene and cleanliness care based on the life skill for children in social institution of preschooler in the form of a guidebook. This study use of research and development with the research PPE approach covering planning, production, and evaluation. The explicitness directness on the socialization program to care cleanliness (personal hygiene) based on the life skill for preschooler is in very reasonable criteria, such as program consists of identity, the purpose, matter, method, scenario, activities, and evaluation. Recommendations for the next researchers and care instution management is to implement and use the book of cleanliness and personal hygiene program for preschooler with feasibility be able to be as a guide to theses treatment programs based on the life skill for them in social institutions.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi belum adanya program perawatan kebersihan diri (personal hygiene) berbasis life skill untuk anak prasekolah di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA). Penyuluhan perawatan kebersihan diri (personal hygiene) untuk anak prasekolah ini bertujuan untuk membantu penyuluh dalam memberikan pembekalan mengenai perawatan kebersihan diri (personal hygiene) untuk anak prasekolah (usia 3-6 tahun). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan program penyuluhan perawatan kebersihan diri (personal hygiene) berbasis life skill untuk anak prasekolah di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak dalam bentuk Buku Panduan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model penelitian PPE yang meliputi Planning, Production, dan Evaluation. Hasil expert judgment mengenai program penyuluhan perawatan kebersihan diri (personal hygiene) berbasis life skill untuk anakprasekolah berada pada kriteria sangat layak terdiri atas: identitas program, tujuan, materi, metode, skenario kegiatan, dan evaluasi program. Rekomendasi untuk pengelola PSAA dan peneliti selanjutnya, hendaknya program penyuluhan perawatan kebersihan diri (personal hygiene) untuk anak prasekolah yang telah memiliki kelayakandapat diimplementasikan serta dijadikan panduan pelaksanaan program perawatan kebersihan diri (personal hygiene) berbasis life skill untuk anak prasekolah di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA).
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Malkin, Bridget, and Pat Berridge. "Guidance on maintaining personal hygiene in nail care." Nursing Standard 23, no. 41 (June 17, 2009): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2009.06.23.41.35.c7048.
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Adila, Wazni, Margareta Rinjani, and Prala Cinderela. "Tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang personal hygiene." Journal of Psychological Perspective 1, no. 2 (October 12, 2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47679/jopp.12492019.
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Menurut Word Health Organitation (WHO), masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan dari masa anak-anak menuju dewasa, di mana pada masa itu terjadi pertumbuhan yang pesat termasuk fungsi reproduksi sehingga mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan-perubahan perkembangan fisik, mental, maupun peran sosial (Kumalasari Intan, 2012). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan remaja putri tentang perawatan Personal Higient di SMA Muhamadiyah Tahun 2019. Metodologi Penelitian Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswi SMA Muhammadiyah kelas X yang berjumlah 271 orang. Dan sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 73 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling Probablity sampling (Random Sampling). Hasil Penelitian Gambaran pengetahuan remaja putri tentang perawatan organ kewanitaan di SMA Muhammadiyah dalam kategori baik sebanyak 13 responden (17,8 persen). Gambaran pengetahuan remaja putri tentang perawatan organ kewanitaan di SMA Muhammadiyah dalam kategori cukup sebanyak 36 responden (49,3 persen). Gambaran pengetahuan remaja putri tentang perawatan Personal Higient di SMA Muhammadiyah dalam kategori kurang sebanyak 24 (32,9 persen). Kesimpulan Gambaran pengetahuan remaja putri tentang perawatan Personal Higient di SMA Muhammadiyah dalam kategori kurang sebanyak 24 (32,9 persen). Saran Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan lebih memperhatikan dalam pelayanan kesehatan dan meningkatkan pendidikan kesehatan atau konseling pada remaja putri tentang perawatan organ kewanitaanAbstract: According to Word Health Organitation (WHO), adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood, during which period there is rapid growth including reproductive function so that it affects the changes in physical development, mental, and social roles (Kumalasari Intan , 2012). The purpose of this study was to determine the description of adolescent girls' knowledge about Personal Hygienic care in Muhamadiyah High School in 2019. Research Methodology The design of this study was descriptive. The population in this study were 271 class Muhammadiyah high school students. And the sample in this study amounted to 73 people. This study uses a sampling technique Probablity sampling (Random Sampling). Research Resultsv depictions of knowledge of young women about the care of female organs in SMA Muhammadiyah in the good category of 13 respondents (17.8 percent). Description of adolescent girls' knowledge about caring for female organs at Muhammadiyah High School in the sufficient category was 36 respondents (49.3 percent). The depiction of adolescent girls' knowledge about Personal Higient care in Muhammadiyah High School in the category of lacking as many as 24 (32.9 percent). Conclusion The description of the knowledge of young women about personal hygiene care in Muhammadiyah high schools in the category of lacking as many as 24 (32.9 percent). Suggestions It is expected that health workers pay more attention in health services and improve health education or counseling to young women about caring for female organs
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Syukaisih, Syukaisih, Elmia Kursani, Alhidayati Alhidayati, and Dita Novia. "Pengabdian Masyarakat Tentang Personal Hygiene Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Pekanbaru." COMSEP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54951/comsep.v3i2.190.
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Personal hygiene is an action to maintain one's cleanliness and health for physical and psychological well-being, lack of self-care is a condition where a person is unable to carry out hygiene care for himself. Seeing this, personal hygiene is defined as personal hygiene which includes all activities aimed at achieving body hygiene including washing, bathing, caring for hair, nails, teeth, and gums, and cleaning the genital area. If someone is sick, usually less attention to personal hygiene. This happens because they think that cleanliness is a trivial problem, even though if it is not paid attention to it it can affect personal health problems in terms cleanliness which will lead to skin diseases. The correctional institution is a correctional business unit that accommodates, treats, and fosters prisoners. A skin disease that usually occurs in prisoners is scabies. This is due to the condition of the correctional facilities not being fully optimal, the habits are not clean and personal hygiene is not maintained.
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Pérez Pico, Ana María, Esther Mingorance Álvarez, Julia Villar Rodríguez, and Raquel Mayordomo Acevedo. "Differences in Hygiene Habits among Children Aged 8 to 11 Years by Type of Schooling." Children 9, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9020129.
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Personal hygiene is one of the basic activities in the care of our body. Parents are responsible for their children’s hygiene to prevent infections and keep them healthy. However, children must acquire hygiene habits correctly and independently. This study examines the sociodemographic profile, hygiene habits and knowledge, and level of autonomy of children who are starting to perform their personal care autonomously to identify the areas in which their habits could be improved. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted concerning 125 children aged 8–11 years attending schools in northern Extremadura, Spain. The children were surveyed with the HICORIN® questionnaire and the resulting data were statistically processed with SPSS 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The majority of participating children required help to perform personal hygiene activities. Children in preferential schooling (PS) require less help than children in mainstream schooling (MS) but have less knowledge about personal hygiene. Different habits were observed in the frequency and time of day for performing personal hygiene between groups (p-values < 0.005). In general, more than 80% of children aged 8 to 11 years are not autonomous in some aspect of their personal hygiene, and they are not all familiar with personal hygiene. Because of this, it is necessary to conduct theory and practical workshops with children who must acquire correct personal hygiene habits autonomously to prevent infection and promote health.
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Endah Sari Purbaningsih, Muadi Muadi, Sri Qomalasari, and Naufah Fitriyani. "Implementasi Personal Hygiene pada Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa." FUNDAMENTUM : Jurnal Pengabdian Multidisiplin 2, no. 3 (August 23, 2024): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.62383/fundamentum.v2i3.337.
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Mental health has now become a global health problem for every country, where the process of globalization and the rapid progress of information technology has an impact on the social and cultural values of society. Clients with mental disorders have several problems, including a self-care deficit. The method used was assessment, implementation and evaluation with a sample size of 5 respondents with the inclusion criteria being clients who experienced self-care deficits. The results showed that all 5 respondents experienced self-care deficits, the actions taken were identifying the client's abilities, teaching the client in personal hygiene and helping the client to carry out personal hygiene. The nurse's task is to be able to provide professional nursing actions in order to reduce problems and achieve targets to increase the client's independence in carrying out self-care, marked by the client being able to fulfill personal hygiene needs independently.
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Grant, Adam M., and David A. Hofmann. "It’s Not All About Me." Psychological Science 22, no. 12 (November 10, 2011): 1494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611419172.
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Diseases often spread in hospitals because health care professionals fail to wash their hands. Research suggests that to increase health and safety behaviors, it is important to highlight the personal consequences for the actor. However, because people (and health care professionals in particular) tend to be overconfident about personal immunity, the most effective messages about hand hygiene may be those that highlight its consequences for other people. In two field experiments in a hospital, we compared the effectiveness of signs about hand hygiene that emphasized personal safety (“Hand hygiene prevents you from catching diseases”) or patient safety (“Hand hygiene prevents patients from catching diseases”). We assessed hand hygiene by measuring the amount of soap and hand-sanitizing gel used from dispensers (Experiment 1) and conducting covert, independent observations of health care professionals’ hand-hygiene behaviors (Experiment 2). Results showed that changing a single word in messages motivated meaningful changes in behavior: The hand hygiene of health care professionals increased significantly when they were reminded of the implications for patients but not when they were reminded of the implications for themselves.
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Ball, Christine M., and Peter J. Featherstone. "Hygiene and personal protection: The anaesthetist’s journey." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 48, no. 4 (July 2020): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x20933801.
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Napitupulu, Mastiur, Haslinah Ahmad, and Natar Fitri Napitupulu. "PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PERSONAL HYGIENE DENGAN METODE PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN PADA ANAK ASRAMA PANTI ASUHAN UJUNGGURAP PADANGSIDIMPUAN." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Aufa (JPMA) 3, no. 3 (January 13, 2022): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51933/jpma.v3i3.563.
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Personal Hygiene pada anak asrama panti asuhan ujunggurap padangsidimpuan. Personal Hygiene adalah cara perawatan diri manusia untuk memelihara kesehatan mereka. Pemeliharaan hygiene perorangan diperlukan untuk kenyamanan individu, keamanan dan kesehatan. Seseorang yang sakit, biasanya dikarenakan masalah kebersihan yang kurang diperhatikan. Sedangkan kebersihan perorangan adalah suatu tindakan yang dilakukan untuk memelihara kebersihan dan kesehatan seseorang untuk kesejahteraan fisik dan psikis. Tujuan Personal Hygiene adalah untuk meningkatkan derajat seseorang, memelihara kebersihan diri seseorang, memperbaiki Personal Hygiene yang kurang dapat mencegah timbulnya penyakit, meningkatkan percaya diri seseorang dan menciptakan keindahan. Asrama biasanya merupakan sebuah bangunan dengan kamar-kamar yang dapat di tempati oleh beberapa penghuni di setiap kamarnya. Para penghuninya menginap di asrama untuk jangka waktu yang lebih lama daripada di hotel atau losmen. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah penyuluhan, tanya-jawab dan diskusi, peserta penyuluhan adalah anak asrama penghuni panti asuhan, evaluasi dilakukan oleh observer dengan menggunakan check list dengan penilaian evaluasi struktur, proses dan hasil. Kata Kunci : Personal Hygiene, penghuni asrama. ABSTRACT Personal Hygiene for boarding children at the Ujung Gurap Padangsidimpuan Orphanage. Personal Hygiene is a way of human self-care to maintain their health. Maintenance of personal hygiene is necessary for individual comfort, safety and health. Someone who is sick, usually due to hygiene problems that are not paid attention to. While personal hygiene is an action taken to maintain the cleanliness and health of a person for physical and psychological well-being. The purpose of Personal Hygiene is to improve one's degree, maintain one's personal hygiene, improve Personal Hygiene which is less able to prevent disease, increase one's confidence and create beauty. Dormitory is usually a building with rooms that can be occupied by several occupants in each room. Its residents stay in dormitories for a longer period of time than in hotels or inns. The activities carried out were counseling, question-answer and discussion, the counseling participants were dorm residents, the evaluation was carried out by observers using a check list with evaluation of the structure, process and results. Keywords : Personal Hygiene, dorm residents
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Wulandari, Mutia, and Ismaniar Ismaniar. "Relationship of Parenting to Personal Hygiene Independency of Children Aged 5 To 6 Years." SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v9i3.113717.
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This research was motivated by the low personal hygiene independence of children's 5-6 years age in Jorong Batu Kijang, Nagari Dilam, Bukit Sundi District, Solok. This is thought to be one of the reasons because parental care at home is less than optimal. This study aims to determine whether there is a significant relationship between parental care and personal hygiene independence of children aged 5-6 years in Jorong Batu Kijang, Nagari Dilam, Bukit Sundi District, Solok. This research is a correlational quantitative research. A sample of 25 people was determined by using a simple random sampling technique from a population of 35 people. The results of the study were analyzed using the Spearman rank formula. Based on the results and processing of research data, it can be concluded that: a) parental care in Jorong Batu Kijang is not well implemented; b) the personal hygiene independence of children aged 5-6 years in Jorong Batu Kijang is categorized as less independent; c) there is a significant relationship between parental care and personal hygiene independence for children aged 5-6 years in Jorong Batu Kijang, Nagari Dilam, Bukit Sundi District, Solok. It is recommended to 1) parents to pay attention to good parenting to increase the independence of children's personal hygiene; and 2) early childhood education institutions to provide basic knowledge about children's personal hygiene and parenting methods to parents of early childhood that can be applied to train children's self-reliance at home.
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Bizyaev, Aleksey A., Valery V. Konnov, Andrey N. Pospelov, Sergey A. Krechetov, Dmitry N. Maslennikov, and Alexey G. Proshin. "Features of Hygienic Care for Removable Prostheses Made of Thermoplasts." Актуальные проблемы медицины 47, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52575/2687-0940-2024-47-1-64-71.
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As a result of the study, 74 patients with a diagnosis of dentition defects were made partial removable lamellar dentures from various structural dental materials. To identify the awareness of patients about the peculiarities of hygienic care for the oral cavity when using removable dentures, a preliminary survey of all respondents was conducted. The results of this survey demonstrated a low level of patient awareness of the specifics of hygienic procedures for the care of dentures. More than half of the respondents (52.4 %) did not have sufficient information about the rules and features of hygienic oral care when using removable orthopedic structures. Only 31 % of respondents cleaned removable dentures twice a day, more than half, 60 % cleaned the denture once a day. According to the results of the survey, 76.5 % of respondents revealed violations of the rules of personal oral hygiene. Additional hygiene products for the care of removable dentures in the form of cleaning tablets are used by 5.6 % of patients, 83.1 % of patients did not use additional hygiene products.
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Vievit Fitriyanti Kosasih, Eliati Sri Suharja, and Rieza Zulfahmi Taftazani. "PERSONAL HYGIENE BEHAVIOR WITH ORAL HYGIENE STUDENTS JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL." Incisor (Indonesian Journal of Care's in Oral Health) 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37160/theincisor.v6i2.59.
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Personal Hygiene is a person's self-care, such as bathing, toileting, general hygiene, and grooming. Oral hygiene can be done by brushing your teeth using toothpaste to clean plaque and can reduce bacteria that cause bad breath. Purpose: This study was to determine the relationship between personal hygiene behavior and oral hygiene of grade 1 students at SMP Plus Amanah Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School Tasikmalaya City. Method: using analytical descriptive design. The population of all elementary school children aged 14-15 years at SMP Plus Pesantren Amanah Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya City was 40 people with purposive sampling using sampling. The measuring instrument of the study was a personal hygiene questionnaire and a hygiene index examination sheet format. Data analysis technique using chi square test. Results: examination of the hygiene index on students aged 14-15 years mostly with good criteria as many as 13 people (32.5%), poor criteria as many as 27 people (67.5%), and personal hygiene results get good criteria results as many as 19 (47.5%), the criteria are less than 21 (52.5%). The results of the chi square statistic test for the personal hygiene behavior variable on the hygiene index examination obtained p-value: 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: there is a relationship between personal hygiene and the hygiene index at SMP Plus Amanah Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School Tasikmalaya City.
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Hasan, Nur Bilqis Haibah Mufidah, Witdiawati Witdiawati, Kosim Kosim, Laili Rahayuwati, Desy Indra Yani, and Tetti Solehati. "Relationship Between Parents' Education and Income Level with Personal Hygiene Practices in Under-Five Children Care." Journal of Nursing Care 7, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jnc.v7i1.44618.
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Poor personal hygiene practices can affect the incidence of infectious diseases which in turn can increase the risk of stunting. Several factors influence the practice of personal hygiene in the care of under-five children, namely the level of education and income of parents. The research was to analyze the relationship between parents' education and income level with personal hygiene practices in under-five children's care. The research design is a quantitative correlation with secondary data sources. The population is parents who have under-five children in Sukamulya Village, Bandung. Samples were taken using an accidental sampling technique with a total of 85 respondents, excluding parents whose children died in the under-five age range or whose children were 5 years old at the time of data collection. The instrument is a questionnaire consisting of demographic data and 7 questions related to personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children. The data were analyzed using the Spearman test. The results showed that there was no relationship between the educational (p-value=0.16) and income (p-value=0.887) level of parents with personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children in Sukamulya Village, Bandung. The next research suggestion is to examine other factors that influence personal hygiene practices in caring for under-five children.
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Apip Muhtarom, Nia Daniati, and Muhammad Fiqih Sabilillah. "LOW PERSONAL CARE WITH ORAL HYGIENE OF PATIENTS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS (ODGJ)." Incisor (Indonesian Journal of Care's in Oral Health) 6, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37160/theincisor.v6i1.8.
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Background: ODGJ or People with mental disorders have limitations in carrying out daily activities including self-preservation activities that cause poor fulfillment of optimal self-care conditions, one of which is the maintenance of dental and oral health. Objective: To Analyzed the relationship between low self-care and dental and oral hygiene of ODGJ patients at Cibeber Health Center. Research method: Quasi experimental in 25 respondents with dental and oral hygiene examinations and Activity of Daily Living. Dental and oral hygiene is measured by OHI-S (Oral hygiene index simplified) and Activity of Daily Living with Barthel Index. Results: The average hygiene status of dental and oral ODGJ patients in Cibeber Health Center of Cianjur Regency which amounted to 25 people, namely on bad criteria as many as 15 people (60%). The results of the Activity of Daily Living (barthel index) criteria are mild as much as 1 person (4%), while 12 people (48%) and weighing 12 people (48%). Results of analysis using corelation test at p value 0.000. Conclusion: There is a low association of self-care with dental and oral hygiene in patients with mental disorders (ODGJ) in Cibeber Health Center Cianjur Regency as evidenced by a value of < 0.05.
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Maharjan, U., L. Rajbanshi, G. Gurung, R. Gautam, and HP Nepal. "Are personal accessories safe in hospital settings?" Journal of Chitwan Medical College 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2014): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10858.
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The main goal of this study was to find out whether personal accessories of Health Care Workers (HCWs) harbored microbes which would inhibit good hand hygiene, and would act as breeding grounds for various disease causing microorganisms. Twenty six culture swabs were taken from the bangles, watches and rings of HCWs. We observed the growth of micrococcus species and coagulase negative staphylococci in 50 % of the samples. Of the positive bacterial growth, 45.5% were in bangles, 60% in watches and 40% in rings. Health Care workers have solemn responsibility to safeguard their patients as well as themselves by complying with good hand hygiene compliance by not wearing these accessories during direct patient contact and washing their hands according to WHO Hand Hygiene guidelines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10858 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 29-31
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Afriyanti, Uni. "Personal Hygiene Relationship with Complaints on Skin Disorders Farmers in the Alalak Utara Village, Banjarmasin City." Health Media 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55756/hm.v1i1.12.
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Personal hygiene is self-care done to maintain health both physically and psychologically. A clean body minimizes the risk of someone contracting an illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and complaints of skin disorders in farmers. The population is study were all farmers in the Alalak Utara Village of Banjarmasain. The sample is study was 30 respondents. The results of data analysis showed that there were complaints of skin disorders in 8 respondents (88.9%), with poor personal hygiene,. While for those who have no complaints of skin disorders 1 respondent (11.1%) with less personal hygiene, 3 respondents (37.5%) with sufficient personal hygiene, and 7 respondents (53.8%) with good personal hygiene. The results of the statistical test show the value of p = 0.046 that there is relationship between personal hygiene and complaints of skin disorders in farmers in the North Alalak Village, Banjarmasin
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Lubis, Adhayani, Michael Bahal Raja Siambaton, and Widyaningsih Oentari. "The Relationship Between Personal Hygiene And Skin Complaints In Orphanage Children In The Medan Area District." Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 12 (December 31, 2023): 3586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jmi.v2i12.864.
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Personal hygiene is a person's self-care to maintain cleanliness and health for physical and psychological well-being. Hygiene maintenance is necessary for individual comfort, safety, and health. One of a person's hygiene efforts is to care for skin hygiene. Low hygiene can be one of the precipitating factors for developing skin diseases. Orphanages are social institutions that accommodate, educate, and care for abandoned children, orphans, orphans, and orphans. Environmental conditions in the orphanage can cause many children to experience skin diseases, such as itching, heat or burning, bumps, and white patches, usually caused by the lack of clean water, alternating use of towels, and rarely changing bed linen and pillowcases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and skin complaints in orphanages in Medan Area District. This research is analytical and uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional research design. This study used a sample of 77. Data in this study were collected through questionnaires and then analyzed using univariate and bivariate tests using Chi-Square. It was continued with validity and reality tests. Based on univariate tests, the majority of respondents have good personal hygiene. Based on bivariate tests using Chi-Square, it is known that the p-value is <0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between personal hygiene and skin complaints.
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Linga, Janeth D., and Dionisio E. Brinosa. "Personal Hygiene Practices Among IPS Community in Panaytayan: An Assessment." Journal of Medical Science, Biology, and Chemistry 1, no. 1 (May 16, 2024): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.69739/jmsbc.v1i1.26.
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This research study provides an in-depth assessment of the personal hygiene practices prevalent among the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) community of Panaytayan, aiming to document, analyze, and understand their traditional and contemporary hygiene behaviors. Recognizing the gap in literature regarding the specific hygiene practices of IPs and the impact of socio-economic factors on these practices, this study employs a descriptive method of research. The primary objective is to catalog the range of personal hygiene practices, including bathing, oral care, handwashing, hair care, and clothing hygiene, within the Panaytayan community, and to explore the underlying cultural, environmental, and economic influences that shape these practices. The study concluded that personal hygiene practices are seldom practiced by the Hanunuo Mangyan of Panaytayan. The result may be due to some social, economic, cultural, financial, and knowledge barriers, such as water scarcity, inadequate sanitation, discrimination, poverty, and limited access to hygiene products, education and services Thus, with the highlighted needs for each indicator reflected as results on the answered questionnaire, it is suggested that an extension activity should follow this research endeavor, which will focus on information dissemination on the importance of always practicing the personal hygiene practices and put more efforts on providing the community meaningful inputs that should change their mindset on the importance of being holistically healthy. The proposed extension program is entitled “Project BODY”: B-athe regularly, O-ral Hygiene, D-ress clean, and Y- clean your hands). The main objective of this initiative is to improve the personal hygiene practices of the Mangyan community residing in specific areas of Panaytayan, Mansalay.
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Osman, Aznoora, and Nurul Husniyah Mohd Azman. "“Wiraku Suci”: A Children’s App for Learning Hygiene Practices." Journal of Computing Research and Innovation 6, no. 4 (September 20, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v6i4.248.
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Hygiene care is a basic human need, but very essential practice that must be taught since childhood. Personal hygiene involves making sure body parts are clean to avoid from health issues caused by poor cleanliness. Parents ultimately bear the responsibility to teach their children about cleanliness, and normally this is done by showing and practising hygiene care themselves. Nevertheless, it is not that easy to educate personal hygiene care to them, especially in the ages of four to six years old, because they are actively playing and exploring their environments. To aid parents, mobile learning app could be employed because hygiene habits can be shown via more engaging ways such as through pictures and video clips of personal hygiene care, simple drag and drop games, and pictorial quiz. In this study, a mobile learning app with game-based approach has been developed by following the software development life cycle Spiral model. During evaluation phase, a heuristic evaluation with five Computer Science lecturers was conducted to examine the usability of the app. Results from the evaluation were used as guidance to refine and improvise the app so that they will be usable and enjoyable for children.
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Nursiah, Andi, Idris Idris, Fatmawati Fatmawati, and Isymiarni Syarif. "Personal Hygiene Health Education to Family Motivation in Performing Self-Care for Mobility Impaired Patients." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA) 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36590/jika.v5i1.503.
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Behavior that is difficult to carry out personal hygiene activities in patients with mobility disorders is caused by limitations in activities that trigger the emergence of less behavior, attention, desire and patient understanding of the importance of carrying out self-care when sick. This study aimed to identify the impact of health education about personal hygiene on family motivation in an effort to carry out self-care for patients with mobility disorders at Laburan Baji General Hospital, Makassar. The research design used was a pre-experimental design with the one group pre-test-posttest design method. The population in this study were all families of patients with mobility impairments in the Baji Kamase treatment room at Laburan Baji General Hospital, Makassar. Samples were drawn using the total sampling technique with a total sample of 84 subjects. Based on the results of the wilcoxon rank test with a significance level of p-value=0,000 was obtained (p-value<0,05). The results of the study showed that there was an influence of health education about personal hygiene on family motivation in carrying out self-care in patients with mobility disorders. Hospitals should provide information media, such as posters about self-care or personal hygiene so that families or visitors can be motivated about the importance of maintaining or caring for personal hygiene.
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M.Kes, Zuryati. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PERAWATAN ORGAN REPRODUKSI DENGAN TINDAKAN PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMP 2 SOCAH." NURSING UPDATE : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan P-ISSN : 2085-5931 e-ISSN : 2623-2871 1, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36089/nu.v1i2.52.
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Informatio relates to reproductive health from parents and schools is not enough. It was obtaind that teenagers has lack knowledge of reproductive health about personal hygiene. A preliminary study of 10 teenage girls found that 6 teenage girls had less personal hygiene measures. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge about reproductive organs treatment with personal hygiene actions in teenagers in SMP 2 Socah.
The method used in this study was analytical with cross sectional approach. The population was 32 girls and the sample was 30 girls in class VII and VIII in SMP 2 Socah. The sampling technique used is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The independent variable knowledge of reproductive organ care, and the dependent variable of personal hygiene action. The research instrument used questionnaire, then tested with Pearson statistical test with α = 0,05.
The results showed that girls of grade VII and VIII mostly had sufficient knowledge about reproductive organ care (53%), while half of the girls were taking enough and less hygiene action (50%). Pearson statistical test results obtained ρ value 0.001 <α 0.05 means Ho rejected there was a relationship between knowledge about reproductive organs treatment and personal hygiene actions teenagers in SMP 2 Socah.
Efforts are used to improve knowledge about reproductive organ care by giving counseling as well as expected teenagers add information about reproduction organ care by accessing information from various source in order to prevent the happening of problem at reproduction organ
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Syamsidar, Syamsidar, Darmiati Darmiati, and Ely Andriani. "Personal Hygiene pada Pasien Gangguan Jiwa di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar." Mando Care Jurnal 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55110/mcj.v3i1.137.
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Mental care is a form of service to an individual in order to develop physically, mentally, spiritually, and socially so that the individual is aware of his or her abilities, can cope with stress, can work productively and can make a contribution to the community. Self-care deficit is a condition in a person who has a weakness of abilities such as being shy, unwilling to adapt to others, broken family ties, exploitation and inability to capture a lesson located in the villages of Pullipe, Tamajarra, Tamangalle, Puccadi and Leteang. In carrying out or supplementing self-care activities such as bathing (hygiene), dressing/decorating, eating, and toileting. If the patient does not do self-treatment then the consequences will be itching in the body, body smells and other diseases will develop. One of the appropriate measures for self-care deficits is to carry out self care or personal hygiene measures. The aim of this study is to provide foster care for patients with self-care deficits. The type of research method used is descriptive with a case study approach. The subject of the case study is a total of 5 (five) adults who have mental disorders self-care deficit. The conclusion from this study is that after performing personal hygiene measures in self-care deficit patients obtained patients look cleaner and can perform self-treatment independently.
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Nurudeen, Akorede Seun Nurudeen, and Atanda Toyin. "Knowledge of Personal Hygiene among Undergraduates." Journal of Health Education 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jhe.v5i2.38383.
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Background: Personal hygiene is the act of taking care of oneself, it is also referring to as an act of maintaining the cleanliness of one's body and clothing to improve overall health and well-being. The purpose of the study was to examine if undergraduates know about personal hygiene, investigate if undergraduates of University of Ilorin differ in personal hygiene knowledge based on age, and assess if there is a difference in knowledge of personal hygiene among undergraduates of University of Ilorin based on gender.
Methods: A descriptive research design of using surveys was employed for this study. Multi-stage sampling techniques of simple random, proportionate, and convenient sampling techniques were used to select 398 respondents for the study. The researcher developed a questionnaire validated by three experts from the Department of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Education, University of Ilorin was used for the study. ANOVA and Independent t-test was used to test the hypotheses. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The findings from this study revealed that undergraduates of University of Ilorin know about personal hygiene. The mean values of Yes (330/ 82.9%) is greater than the mean value of No (68/17.8%). There is a significant difference in knowledge of personal hygiene among undergraduates of University of Ilorin based on age (p= 0.023). There is a significant difference in knowledge of personal hygiene among undergraduates of University of Ilorin based on gender (p= 0.018).
Conclusion: The study concluded that undergraduates of University of Ilorin know about personal hygiene.
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Ranandika, I. Komang, I. Komang Sukraandini, and Ni Luh Gede Puspita Yanti. "Pengalaman Lansia Dalam Melakukan Personal Hygiene Di Lingkungan Banjar Lebih Duur Kaje Gianyar." Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi 9, no. 1 (March 14, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jab.v9i1.183.
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Health problems in the elderly were commonly caused by their gradual physiological changes. These physiological changes decrease their ability in doing their activity in daily living, one of them is personal hygiene. This study aimed to know the elderlies' experience in conducting personal hygiene in Banjar Duur Kaje Gianyar. This was a qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenology approach done in 2019. Four elderlies who met the inclusion criteria involved in this study. Interview and field notes were used to obtain the data. The data analysis using Colaizzi Method showed that there were four main themes on this study: (1) personal hygiene done by maintaining a healthy and clean body, (2) personal hygiene technique to keep the body clean: bathing, teeth brushing and using clean clothes, (3) hindrances in conducting personal hygiene, namely physiological factor and family support, and (4) overcoming those hindrances by doing personal hygiene according to the individual ability. We suggest the health care facilities and participant's families providing adequate physiological and psychological support for the elderly in conducting personal hygiene.
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Kustiawan, Ridwan, Iwan Somantri, Peni Cahyati, and Fitri Nur Oktapiani. "Picture of Self-Care in Patients with Mental Disorders in the Liver Foundation Sun Tasikmalaya City." JUDICIOUS 4, no. 2 (December 8, 2023): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37010/jdc.v4i2.1338.
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Self-care is self-care is done to maintain good health, both physically and psychologically. No one in four people experienci mental problems in the world, an estimated 450 milion people worldwide who experience mental health disorder (World Health Organization). The purpose of research to describe self-care in patient with mental disorders regarding personal hygiene, ornate, eating, and toileting (defecate or urinate) in the Liver of the Foundation Sun Tasikmalaya City. Self-care deficit is impaired ability to perform activities which consisted of a shower, ornate, eating, and toileting (defecate or urinate) or personal hygiene independently. The method in this research is descriptive. The patient population 200 people with mental disorders, sampling random was 22 people, the type of research instrument used observation sheet, measured by observing the way. The result of self-care personal hygiene of patients with mental disorder category are not good (100%), personal care ornate category are not better than male patients (41%), personal care ornate of the patients were female category was not good (45%), both category (14%), personal care eating the category is not well (91%), while self-care toileting (defecate oe urinate) category is not good (82%). Both category (18%). Self-care deficit mental patients due to a lack of motivation and lack of facilities and infrastructure. All patients with mental disorders self-care deficit, expected to officer foundations to increase motivation and attention to the fulfilment facilities and infrastructure.
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Putri Mutiara Haryadi. "Knowledge and personal hygiene behavior during menstruation among adolescent girls in various regions: A literature review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1335.
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Personal hygiene is still a public health issue in Indonesia. Menstrual hygiene is the management of hygiene and health when women experience menstruation as part of a personal hygiene care routine with the concept of clean. Personal hygiene during menstruation plays an important role in a person's health status in avoiding functional disorders of the reproductive organs. Knowledge in Indonesia states that poor personal hygiene behavior during menstruation of adolescent girls is a major concern because it has a health impact. The method used was literature review by searching articles through Google Scholar and Pubmed databases. Selection stages were carried out to obtain articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 6 articles were obtained that could be analyzed. The results showed that knowledge has a significant role in determining menstrual hygiene behavior in adolescent girls, there are also differences in knowledge and behavior when performing personal hygiene behavior during menstruation in urban and rural areas. To improve knowledge and behavior of personal hygiene during menstruation, especially in various regions, it can be done with various strategies such as promotion, education, collaboration, improving service quality, and increasing accessibility.
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Meliana Fitri, Lina Eta Safitri, Nur Arifatus Sholihah, and Putri Adekayanti. "Pemberian Edukasi dan Praktek Personal Hygiene dalam Meningkatkan PHBS pada Remaja di SMPN 5 Sumbawa Besar." Jurnal Nusantara Berbakti 3, no. 2 (January 24, 2025): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.59024/jnb.v3i2.552.
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Personal hygiene is an action to maintain a person's cleanliness and health for physical and psychological well-being, lack of self-care is a condition where a person is unable to perform hygiene care for themselves. Based on the results of observations and interviews, information was obtained that students of SMPN 5 Sumbawa Besar did not understand about caring for a clean and healthy life and how to implement good Personal Hygiene. At the age of adolescence, school children need to be given education related to personal hygiene, but these students have never received such education, therefore based on the background above, the activity of providing personal hygiene education in improving PHBS was conveyed to the community, especially school teenagers. This community service aims to provide students with an understanding of the importance of maintaining personal hygiene in improving PHBS at SMPN 5 Sumbawa Besar. This activity is carried out through providing education using booklets and PPT related to the material presented, in the final stage students will be given a question and answer session, the results of the community service show that students' understanding before and after the provision of education and practice has increased and students are very enthusiastic in answering questions.
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Ananda, Yuanita, Yulastri Arif, Zifriyanthi Minanda Putri, Esthika Ariany Maisa, Dewi Murni, Sidaria Sidaria, Ilfa Khairina, Muthmainnah Muthmainnah, Susmiati Susmiati, and Nelwati Nelwati. "Peningkatan Pengetahuan Perawat tentang Oral Hygiene di Ruang Rawat Inap HCU Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang." Jurnal Warta Pengabdian Andalas 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jwa.30.1.94-99.2023.
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Personal hygiene is a person's effort to maintain cleanliness and health. One of the activities during morning care regarding patient personal hygiene that nurses often forget is performing oral hygiene. The results of interviews conducted with the patient's family indicated that oral hygiene treatment was rarely carried out. Therefore, it was necessary to provide education to increase nurses' knowledge about oral hygiene—the activity aimed at helping nurses to understand the importance of performing oral hygiene care. The implementation of the activity was carried out directly by the nurse by conducting a pre-test, giving material, and ending with a post-test. The results of the pre-test were the level of knowledge of nurses about oral hygiene care before being given education; namely, seven families had good knowledge (23%), ten families had sufficient knowledge (33%), and 13 families had poor knowledge (44%). The post-test results were the family knowledge level in the HCU Internal Medicine ward at RSUP Dr M. Djamil Padang after being given education; 25 families had good knowledge (83%), and five families had sufficient knowledge (17%). Based on these results, the educational activity was beneficial, can increase nurses' knowledge about oral hygiene care, and can be applied directly to patients. The suggestion is that nursing managers can control oral hygiene care to optimize nursing services.
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Putri, Putu Hita Jyotisna, and Putu Gede Subhaktiyasa. "HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP PERSONAL HYGIENE PEMULUNG DI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR SUWUNG DENPASAR SELATAN." Bali Medika Jurnal 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v5i2.45.
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Pendahuluan: Personal hygiene merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang harus selalu senatiasa terpenuhi. Personal hygiene yang dilakukan dengan benar akan mencegah masuknya virus dan kuman-kuman ke dalam diri seseorang. Pentingnya menjaga personal hygiene disebabkan oleh pengetahuan seseorang dalam merawat kebersihan dirinya. Pengetahuan tersebut nantinya akan membentuk sikap seseorang baik kearah yang negatif maupun positif. Metode Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor pengetahuan pemulung tentang personal hygiene kurang sebanyak 43 responden (76,8%). Skor sikap pemulung terhadap personal hygiene negatif sebanyak 52 responden (92,9%). Hasil uji Rank Spearman didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,000 < 0,5, dengan nilai kekuatan korelasi 0,568 (kekuatan sedang) dan arah korelasi positif yang berarti semakin tinggi pengetahuan pemulung maka sikap personal hygiene semakin positif begitu pula sebaliknya semakin kurang pengetahuan pemulung maka sikap personal hygiene semakin negative. Diskusi Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap personal hygiene pemulung di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Suwung Denpasar Selatan, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan dalam pemberian informasi khususnya personal hygiene kepada pemulung melalui penyuluhan yang rutin dan menyediakan fasilitas kesehatan yang menunjang sikap personal hygiene di wilayah tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap, personal hygiene
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Personal hygiene is a basic need that must always be fulfilled. Properly done personal hygiene will prevent the entry of viruses and germs into a person. The importance of maintaining personal hygiene is knowledge in taking care of own hygiene. Such knowledge will then shape a person's attitude towards both the negative and positive. Method This type of research is correlation research using a cross-sectional approach. Results: The results showed that scavenger scores on personal hygiene were lacking as much as 43 respondents (76.8%). The attitude scores on personal hygiene were lacking as much as 52 respondents (92.9%). The Spearman Rank test results obtained a p-value of 0.000 <0.5, with correlation strength value of 0.568 (medium strength) with positive correlation. It means the higher the knowledge of scavengers the more positive the personal hygiene attitude and vice versa the less knowledge of personal hygiene the more negative the attitude. Discussion Based on the results of this study, there is a significant correlation between knowledge and personal hygiene attitude of scavenger in Suwung Denpasar Landfill. It means information especially personal hygiene to scavengers is needed to be improved through routine counseling and providing health facilities that support personal hygiene attitude in the region.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Personal Hygiene
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Kurniati, Nia, Hellena Deli, and Sri Utami. "Description of Personal Hygiene in Post-Major Surgery Patients." JETISH: Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v3i1.1376.
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Major surgery is a surgical procedure that has a high risk for the patient and is usually extensive surgery and uses general anesthesia. One way to prevent major surgical wound infections is personal hygiene. The aim of this research is to determine the description of personal hygiene in patients after major surgery. Method: This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research sample was 115 post-major surgery patients with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Results: a total of 115 respondents found that personal hygiene for patients after major surgery in general was minimal care for 83 people (72.2%). It is hoped that the hospital will maintain and improve the patient's personal hygiene independence so that complications do not occur.
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Schneider, Cornelia, Elisabeth Zemp, and Nicola U. Zitzmann. "Dental care behaviour in Switzerland." SWISS DENTAL JOURNAL SSO – Science and Clinical Topics 129, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.61872/sdj-2019-06-531.
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Haiwen, Guo, and Mi Jiaxin. "Women’s Personal Hygiene in Premodern China: A Gendered Analysis of History of the Toiletry Box (Lianshi)." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. I (2024): 1072–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.801080.
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The Lianshi奩史 (History of the Toiletry Box) is a copious work about women’s personal hygiene articles, compiled by Wang Chutong (1729-1821). The personal hygiene articles can be broadly divided into the following categories: articles for hand washing, dental care, hair grooming, going to the restroom, bathing, perfuming, and protection from evils. These items are living fossils of the premodern material culture and a testimony to the fusion of Chinese culture and Western culture. They reflected perception of health care at the time and are useful references for modern perception on preventive care. If viewed from a gendered perspective, these items are also objects used for “training” women. In analyzing the text of Lianshi and archeological discoveries, paintings, and murals, this paper reconstructs how women in premodern China cultivated and practiced their personal hygiene.
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Edwards-Jones, V. "The benefits of silver in hygiene, personal care and healthcare." Letters in Applied Microbiology 49, no. 2 (August 2009): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02648.x.
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Roslianti, Elis, Aap Apipudin, Yuda Hendriyana, Ade Fitriani, and Nur Hidayat. "Relationship Of Personal Hygiene by Nurses With Patient Satisfaction In Intensive Care Unit at Ciamis Hospital." JURNAL VNUS (Vocational Nursing Sciences) 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52221/jvnus.v2i2.161.
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The impact of patients who do not receive personal hygiene is that patients are susceptible to skin diseases, infectious diseases, and gastrointestinal diseases and there is a possibility that patients are exposed to nosocomial infections. As a result, patients are not satisfied and have a bad view of the quality of hospital services. Fulfillment of patient personal hygiene by nurses can lead to patient satisfaction which has an impact on good stigma in services. Patient dissatisfaction with hospital services can be caused by not getting basic services such as personal hygiene by nurses and only be charged to the family. As a result, the stigma of hospital services will be bad. Quantitative analytical research method using a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples was as many as 20 people with a sampling technique using an accidental sampling technique taken from ICU patients at Ciamis Hospital. The results of the research on the relationship of personal hygiene by nurses with patient satisfaction in the ICU room at Ciamis Hospital, the results of the Correlations statistical test showed a significant value of p-value = 0.000. personal hygiene by nurses in the ICU RSUD Ciamis obtained the highest frequency, namely the good category as many as 19 respondents (95%), and the lowest frequency, namely the unfavorable category, with as many as 1 respondent (5%). ICU patient satisfaction at RSUD Ciamis obtained the highest frequency, namely the satisfied category of 19 respondents (95%), and the lowest frequency was the dissatisfied category of 1 respondent (5%). Conclusion Based on the results of the Correlations statistical test, it showed a significant value of p-value = 0.000. So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the personal hygiene of nurses on patient satisfaction.