Journal articles on the topic 'Personal comfort model'
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Zang, Miao, Zhiqiang Xing, and Yingqi Tan. "IoT-based personal thermal comfort control for livable environment." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 155014771986550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719865506.
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Thermal comfort control for indoor environment has become an important issue in smart cities since it is beneficial for people’s health and helps to maximize their working productivity and to provide a livable environment. In this article, we present an Internet of things–based personal thermal comfort model with automatic regulation. This model employs some environment sensors such as temperature sensor and humidity sensor to continuously obtain the general environmental measurements. Specially, video cameras are also integrated into the Internet of things network of sensors to capture the individual’s activity and clothing condition, which are important factors affecting one’s thermal sensation. The individual’s condition image can be mapped into different metabolic rates and different clothing insulations by machine learning classification algorithm. Then, all the captured or converted data are fed into a predicted mean vote model to learn the individual’s thermal comfort level. In the prediction stage, we introduce the cuckoo search algorithm, which converges rapidly, to solve the air temperature and air velocity with the learnt thermal comfort level. Our experiments demonstrate that the metabolic rates and clothing insulation have great effect on personal thermal comfort, and our model with video capture helps to obtain the variant values regularly, thus maintains the individual’s thermal comfort balance in spite of the variations in individual’s activity or clothing.
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Xu, Zhaofei, Weidong Lu, Zhenyu Hu, Ta Zhou, Yi Zhou, Wei Yan, and Feifei Jiang. "Decision-Refillable-Based Two-Material-View Fuzzy Classification for Personal Thermal Comfort." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 11700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211700.
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The personal thermal comfort model is used to design and control the thermal environment and predict the thermal comfort responses of individuals rather than reflect the average response of the population. Previous individual thermal comfort models were mainly focused on a single material environment. However, the channels for individual thermal comfort were various in real life. Therefore, a new personal thermal comfort evaluation method is constructed by means of a reliable decision-based fuzzy classification model from two views. In this study, a two-view thermal comfort fuzzy classification model was constructed using the interpretable zero-order Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy classifier as the basic training subblock, and it is the first time an optimized machine learning algorithm to study the interpretable thermal comfort model is used. The relevant information (including basic information, sampling conditions, physiological parameters, physical environment, environmental perception, and self-assessment parameters) was obtained from 157 subjects in experimental chambers with two different materials. This proposed method has the following features: (1) The training samples in the input layer contain the feature data under experimental conditions with two different materials. The training models constructed from the training samples under these two conditions complement and restrict each other and improve the accuracy of the whole model training. (2) In the rule layer of the training unit, interpretable fuzzy rules are designed to solve the existing layers with the design of short rules. The output of the intermediate layer of the fuzzy classifier and the fuzzy rules are difficult to explain, which is problematic. (3) Better decision-making knowledge information is obtained in both the rule layer of the single-view training model and in the two-view fusion model. In addition, the feature mapping space is generated according to the degree of contribution of the decision-making information from the two single training views, which not only preserves the feature information of the source training samples to a large extent but also improves the training accuracy of the model and enhances the generalization performance of the training model. Experimental results indicated that TMV-TSK-FC has better classification performance and generalization performance than several related state-of-the-art non-fuzzy classifiers applied in this study. Significantly, compared with the single view fuzzy classifier, the training accuracies and testing accuracies of TMV-TSK-FC are improved by 3–11% and 2–9%, respectively. In addition, the experimental results also showed good semantic interpretability of TMV-TSK-FC.
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Aguilera, José Joaquín, Jørn Toftum, and Ongun Berk Kazanci. "Predicting personal thermal preferences based on data-driven methods." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911105015.
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One of the prevalent models to account for thermal comfort in HVAC design is the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). However, the model is based on parameters difficult to estimate in real applications and it focuses on mean votes of large groups of people. Personal Comfort Models (PCM) is a data-driven approach to model thermal comfort at an individual level. It takes advantage of concepts such as machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT), combining feedback from occupants and local thermal environment measurements. The framework presented in this paper evaluates the performance of PCM and PMV regarding the prediction of personal thermal preferences. Air temperature and relative humidity measurements were combined with thermal preference votes obtained from a field study. This data was used to train three machine learning methods focused on PCM: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Naive-Bayes (NB) and Fuzzy Logic (FL); comparing them with a PMV-based algorithm. The results showed that all methods had a better overall performance than guessing randomly the thermal preferences votes. In addition, there was not a difference between the performance of the PCM and PMV-based algorithms. Finally, the PMV-based method predicted well thermal preferences of individuals, having a 70% probability of correct guessing.
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Cen, Lingkai, Joon-Ho Choi, Xiaomeng Yao, Yolanda Gil, Shrikanth Narayanan, and Maryann Pentz. "A personal visual comfort model: predict individual’s visual comfort using occupant eye pupil size and machine learning." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 042097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/4/042097.
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Wang, Long, Hao Fan, Jianjie Chu, Dengkai Chen, and Suihuai Yu. "Effect of Personal Space Invasion on Passenger Comfort and Comfort Design of an Aircraft Cabin." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 25, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9968548.
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Passenger comfort is becoming an important issue with the recent increase in air travel. A common cause of passenger discomfort and distress is the invasion of the passenger’s personal space. This paper presents the results of two studies addressing the environmental psychological characteristics of passengers during personal space invasion (PSI) and how PSI affects cabin comfort design. In study 1, our survey shows that PSI has different effects on the comfort of passengers with different genders, ages, education levels, and interpersonal relationships. From these survey data, we extracted 14 factors of PSI. In study 2, a Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) model was established, with passenger comfort as the target layer, to determine the interrelation between 14 PSI factors. The causal relationships between the 14 factors were visualized by a causal diagram. We established a priority ranking of the 14 aircraft interior design indexes based on the corresponding relationships between the indexes and PSI factors. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of how PSI impacts passenger comfort and offer strategies to improve the comfort design of aircraft cabins.
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Merabet, Ghezlane Halhoul, Mohamed Essaaidi, and Driss Benhaddou. "A dynamic model for human thermal comfort for smart building applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, no. 4 (July 28, 2019): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651819865795.
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Thermal comfort is closely related to the evaluation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. It can be seen as the result of the perception of the occupants of a given environment, and it is the product of the interaction of a number of personal and environmental factors. Otherwise, comfort issues still do not play an important role in the daily operation of commercial buildings. However, in the workplace, local quality effects, in addition to the health, the productivity that has a significant impact on the performance of the activities. In this regard, researchers have conducted, for decades, investigations related to thermal comfort and indoor environments, which includes developing models and indices through experimentations to establish standards to evaluate comfort and factors and set-up parameters for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. However, to our best knowledge, most of the research work reported in the literature deals only with parameters that are not dynamically tracked. This work aims to propose a prototype for comfort measuring through a wireless sensor network and then presenting a model for thermal comfort prediction. The developed model can be used to set up a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system to meet the expected comfort level. In particular, the obtained results show that there is a strong correlation between users’ comfort and variables such as age, gender, and body mass index as a function of height and weight.
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Mashita, Tomohiro, Tetsuya Kanayama, and Photchara Ratsamee. "Personal Atmosphere: Estimation of Air Conditioner Parameters for Personalizing Thermal Comfort." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 8067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228067.
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Air conditioners enable a comfortable environment for people in a variety of scenarios. However, in the case of a room with multiple people, the specific comfort for a particular person is highly dependent on their clothes, metabolism, preference, and so on, and the ideal conditions for each person in a room can conflict with each other. An ideal way to resolve these kinds of conflicts is an intelligent air conditioning system that can independently control air temperature and flow at different areas in a room and then produce thermal comfort for multiple users, which we define as the personal preference of air flow and temperature. In this paper, we propose Personal Atmosphere, a machine learning based method to obtain parameters of air conditioners which generate non-uniform distributions of air temperature and flow in a room. In this method, two dimensional air-temperature and -flow distributions in a room are used as input to a machine learning model. These inputs can be considered a summary of each user’s preference. Then the model outputs a parameter set for air conditioners in a given room. We utilized ResNet-50 as the model and generated a data set of air temperature and flow distributions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. We then conducted evaluations with two rooms that have two and four air conditioners under the ceiling. We then confirmed that the estimated parameters of the air conditioners can generate air temperature and flow distributions close to those required in simulation. We also evaluated the performance of a ResNet-50 with fine tuning. This result shows that its learning time is significantly decreased, but performance is also decreased.
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Ma, Liu, and Shang. "A Building Information Model (BIM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based System for Personal Thermal Comfort Evaluation and Energy Efficient Design of Interior Space." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 4972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184972.
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It is crucial to evaluate indoor personal thermal comfort for a comfortable and green thermal environment. At present, the research on individual thermal comfort does not consider its implementation mode. Moreover, the improvement of energy saving efficiency under the premise of increasing human comfort is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this paper, we proposed a Building Information Model (BIM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based system to solve this problem. The system consists of two parts including an ANN predictive model considering the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index, the persons’ position, and an innovative plugin of BIM to realize dynamic evaluation and energy efficient design. The ANN model has three layers, considering three environment parameters (air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed around the person), three human state parameters (human metabolism rate, clothing thermal resistance, and the body position) and four body parameters (gender, age, height, and weight) as inputs. The plugin provides two functions. One is to provide corresponding personal thermal comfort evaluation results with dynamic changes of parameters returned by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The other one is to provide energy saving optimization suggestions for interior space design by simulating the energy consumption index of different design schemes. In the data test, the Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the established ANN model was about 0.39, while the MSE of traditional PMV model was about 2.1. The system realized the integration of thermal information and a building model, thereby providing guidance for the creation of a comfortable and green indoor environment.
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Izzati, Nurul, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki, Hom Bahadur Rijal, Jorge Alfredo Ardila Rey, Aya Hagishima, and Nurizzatul Atikha. "Investigation of Thermal Adaptation and Development of an Adaptive Model under Various Cooling Temperature Settings for Students’ Activity Rooms in a University Building in Malaysia." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010036.
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The use of an air conditioner (AC) becomes essential, particularly in a hot and humid climate, to provide a comfortable environment for human activities. The setpoint is the agreed temperature that the building will meet, and the use of the lowest setpoint temperature to accelerate the cooling of indoor spaces should be avoided. A comprehensive field study was conducted under various cooling temperature settings in two student activity rooms in a university building in Malaysia, so as to understand respondents’ characteristics and behavior toward AC usage, to estimate the comfort at various indoor temperatures, to develop an adaptive model of thermal comfort in AC spaces, and to compare the comfort temperature with related local and international indoor thermal environmental standards. The findings indicated that water intake and clothing insulation affected personal thermal comfort. Moreover, the mean comfort temperature for respondents was 24.3 °C, which is within an indoor thermal comfort zone of 23–27 °C. The findings suggest that the preference of occupants living in a hot and humid region for lower temperatures means that setting temperatures lower than 24 °C might underestimate the indoor comfort temperature. Additionally, an adaptive relationship can be derived to estimate the indoor comfort temperature from the prevailing outdoor temperature.
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Lee, Yein, Hyunjin Lee, Byung Ha Kang, and Jung Kyung Kim. "Machine learning-based personal thermal comfort model for electric vehicles with local infrared radiant warmers." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 35, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 3239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0644-7.
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Ghahramani, Ali, Qian Xu, Syung Min, Andy Wang, Hui Zhang, Yingdong He, Alexander Merritt, and Ronnen Levinson. "Infrared-Fused Vision-Based Thermoregulation Performance Estimation for Personal Thermal Comfort-Driven HVAC System Controls." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081241.
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Thermal comfort is one of the primary factors influencing occupant health, well-being, and productivity in buildings. Existing thermal comfort systems require occupants to frequently communicate their comfort vote via a survey which is impractical as a long-term solution. Here, we present a novel thermal infrared-fused computer vision sensing method to capture thermoregulation performance in a non-intrusive and non-invasive manner. In this method, we align thermal and visible images, detect facial segments (i.e., nose, eyes, face boundary), and accordingly read the temperatures from the appropriate coordinates in the thermal image. We focus on the human face since it is often clearly visible to cameras and is not merged into a hot background (unlike hands). We use a regularized Gaussian Mixture model to track the thermoregulation changes over time and apply a heuristic algorithm to extract hot and cold indices. We present a personalized and a generalized comfort modeling method, selected based on the availability of the occupant historical indices measurements in a neutral environment, and use the time-series of the hot and cold indices to define corrections to HVAC system operations in the form of setpoint constraints. To evaluate the efficacy of our proposed approach in responding to thermal stimuli, we designed a series of controlled experiments to simulate exposure to cold and hot environments. While applying personalized modeling showed an acceptable average accuracy of 91.3%, the generalized model’s average accuracy was only 65.2%. This shows the importance of having access to physiological records in modeling and assessing comfort. We also found that individual differences should be considered in selecting the cooling and heating rates when some knowledge of the occupant’s overall thermal preference is available.
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Naplyokov, Yuriy Vasilievich. "CHANGING OF MENTAL MODELS FOR EFFECTIVE DECISION-MAKING." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 12 (February 14, 2018): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i12.63.
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This article explains the role of mental models and the need of their change to make effective decisions. It is substantiated that the mental model rests on changes to save the system and minimize the risk. An example of this resistance is the complicated and slow process of political reform in Ukraine, which forms a new national mentality model. Political initiatives are aimed at creating a new legitimate mental model, which should be more effective than the previous, in a new environment. But from 2014 to 2017 of the nearly five thousand proposed legislative proposals, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has only adopted a few dozen. It is noted that the review of mental models is a complex process that requires additional energy expenditure, such as stress, loss of comfort, security, money, etc. The ability to change the mental model may require personal courage, creativity, independence, and imagination. To view mental models, the leader must apply the appropriate leadership power and styles, establish an appropriate organizational culture and climate, show positive and optimistic behavior to encourage team members and motivate them to change. It is noted that in the new environment, the decision maker can fluctuate closely to the so-called “line of comfort” for making a decision. This is a line of psychological comfort according to the existing mental model. For better and faster decision-making, you may need to create a new “line of comfort” by looking at the mental model. Thus, in a new environment, the decision maker can again make decisions on the basis of a new mental model. It is proved that mental models are relatively stable, but changing the environment makes them look. The growing conflict between the system and the environment inevitably forms a new mental model, which should again balance the system.
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Ma, Guofeng, and Xuhui Pan. "Research on a Visual Comfort Model Based on Individual Preference in China through Machine Learning Algorithm." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147602.
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Recently, decreasing energy consumption under the premise of building comfort has become a popular topic, especially visual comfort. Existing research on visual comfort lacks a standard of how to select indicators. Moreover, studies on individual visual preference considering the interaction between internal and external environment are few. In this paper, we ranked common visual indicators by the cloud model combined with the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and hierarchical technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Unsatisfied vertical illuminance, daylight glare index, luminance ratio, and shadow position are the top four indicators. Based on these indicators, we also built the individual visual comfort model through five categories of personalized data obtained from the experiment, which was trained by four machine learning algorithms. The results show that random forest has the best prediction performance and support vector machine is second. Gaussian mixed model and classification tree have the worst performance of stability and accuracy. In addition, this study also programmed a BIM plug-in integrating environmental data and personal preference data to predict appropriate vertical illuminance for a specific occupant. Thus, managers can adjust the intensity of artificial light in the office by increasing or decreasing the height of table lamps, saving energy and improving occupant comfort. This novel model will serve as a paradigm for selecting visual indicators and make indoor space be tailored to meet individual visual preferences.
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Naplyokov, Yuriy Vasilievich. "CHANGING OF MENTAL MODELS FOR EFFECTIVE DECISION-MAKING." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 11 (January 24, 2018): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i11.28.
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This article explains the role of mental models and the need of their change to make effective decisions. It is substantiated that the mental model rests on changes to save the system and minimize the risk. An example of this resis- tance is the complicated and slow process of political reform in Ukraine, which forms a new national mentality model. Political initiatives are aimed at creating a new legitimate mental model, which should be more effective than the previ- ous, in a new environment. But from 2014 to 2017 of the nearly five thousand proposed legislative proposals, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has only adopted a few dozen. It is noted that the review of mental models is a complex process that requires additional energy expenditure, such as stress, loss of comfort, security, money, etc. The ability to change the mental model may require personal courage, creativity, independence, and imagination. To view mental models, the leader must apply the appropriate leadership power and styles, establish an appropriate organizational culture and climate, show positive and optimistic behavior to en- courage team members and motivate them to change.It is noted that in the new environment, the decision maker can fluctuate closely to the so-called “line of comfort” for making a decision. This is a line of psychological comfort according to the existing mental model. For better and faster decision-making, you may need to create a new “line of comfort” by looking at the mental model. Thus, in a new environment, the decision maker can again make decisions on the basis of a new mental model.It is proved that mental models are relatively stable, but changing the envi- ronment makes them look. The growing conflict between the system and the en- vironment inevitably forms a new mental model, which should again balance the system.
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Aversa, Alejandra, Luis Ballestero, and Miguel Chen Austin. "Highlighting the Probabilistic Behavior of Occupants’ Preferences in Energy Consumption by Integrating a Thermal Comfort Controller in a Tropical Climate." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159591.
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The thermal comfort of an individual is known as the mental satisfaction they possess in a medium. This depends on several ambient factors such as air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and personal factors such as cloth and metabolic activity. In buildings, occupants interact with different systems and equipment such as air conditioning, ventilation, lighting, and other appliances to influence these factors or demonstrate adaptive tendencies with the systems to reach comfort. Within the last two decades, preference-based occupant-centered control systems have been incorporated into buildings, generally validated with comfort indexes. A frequently found challenge is the formulation of the method used to create a system that considers the stochastic characteristics of the occupant’s portrait. Here, a method that links the advantages of both probabilistic and schedule-based methods and satisfactorily integrates it with comfort indexes through a controller is proposed. It is intended to compare the controller’s effect on thermal comfort through comfort indexes and energy consumption when implementing different occupant models applied in Panama. Sensibility analysis, gray-box building modeling, and thermal indexes were used in the controller’s design. Results showed that the best controller is the probability-based model providing low power consumption and PMV levels.
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Silva, Wanderson Roberto da, Patrícia Angélica Teixeira, João Marôco, Eric Batista Ferreira, Micaela Aparecida Teodoro, and Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos. "Relationship between Attention to Body Shape, Social Physique Anxiety, and Personal Characteristics of Brazilians: A Structural Equation Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214802.
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People can develop eating disorders due to excessive body image concerns. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between attention to body shape, social physique anxiety, and personal characteristics in a sample of Brazilians. The secondary objective was to evaluate the correlation of the constructs with the participants’ body composition. First, 1795 individuals (70% female; Mage = 25.5 ± 6.6 years) completed the Attention to Body Shape Scale, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Then, 286 participants (58% female; Mage = 25.3 ± 5.7 years) underwent a bioimpedance exam to identify body composition. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the relationship between the variables. The greater the attention to body shape, the greater the expectations of negative physical evaluation and the less comfort with physical presentation. Younger age, female gender, consumption of supplements/substances for body change, restrictive diets, physical inactivity, poor self-assessment of food quality, and overweight/obesity were related to negative body concerns. An expectation of negative physical evaluation was positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass. Comfort with physical presentation was negatively correlated with fat and positively with muscle. These results can support preventive strategies aimed at reducing eating disorders resulting from body image concerns.
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Stevanovic, Zana, Gradimir Ilic, Mica Vukic, Predrag Zivkovic, Bratislav Blagojevic, and Milos Banjac. "CFD simulations of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated primary school classrooms." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 1 (2016): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150414171s.
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The purpose of Thermal Comfort is to specify the combinations of indoor space environment and personal factors that will produce thermal environment conditions acceptable to 80% or more of the occupants within a space. Naturally ventilated indoors has a very complex air movement, which depends on numerous variables such as: outdoor interaction, intensity of infiltration, the number of openings, the thermal inertia of walls, occupant behaviors, etc. The most important mechanism for naturally ventilated indoors is the intensity of infiltration and thermal buoyancy mechanism. In this study the objective was to determine indicators of thermal comfort for children, by the CFD model based on experimental measurements with modification on turbulent and radiant heat transfer mathematical model. The case study was selected on school children aged 8 and 9 years in primary school ?France Presern?, Belgrade. The purpose was to evaluate the relationships between the indoor environment and the subjective responses. Also there was analysis of infiltration and stack effect based on meterological data on site. The main parameters that were investigated are: operative temperature, radiant temperature, concentration of CO2 and air velocity. The new correction of turbulence and radiative heat transfer models has been validated by comparison with experimental data using additional statistical indicators. It was found that both turbulence model correct and the new radiative model of nontransparent media have a significant influence on CFD data set accuracy.
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Xue, Wenping, Xiao Cao, Guangfa Zhang, Gang Tan, Zilong Liu, and Kangji Li. "Structural Optimization of Heat Sink for Thermoelectric Conversion Unit in Personal Comfort System." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 2781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082781.
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Based on the research background of improving personal thermal comfort and promoting building energy efficiency, personal comfort systems (PCSs) have recently received considerable attention. The thermoelectric conversion unit (TECU) has great potential in PCSs as it is compact in size, environmentally friendly and highly reliable. Aiming to improve heat exchange efficiency, this paper investigates the structural optimization of heat sink for the TECU used in PCSs. Firstly, the heat exchange mechanism of the thermoelectric module is analyzed. The structural design of the cold-side heat sink in the TECU is summarized as a multiobjective optimization problem in which four structural parameters (number of fin rows, fin thickness, fin height and thickness of base) of the heat sink are selected as the adjusting variables. Then, based on the establishment of the cold-side computational fluid dynamics simulation model, a multiobjective genetic algorithm is utilized for the optimization task. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the number of rows and the fin thickness have significant influence on the optimization objectives. Taking both the outlet airflow temperature and the velocity into consideration, five representative heat sinks involving two different materials are customized. A testing platform is built for performance comparison. Results show that the proposed optimization method can effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency of a TECU, which provides a reference for the TECU-based PCS design.
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Du, Chenqiu, Baizhan Li, Hong Liu, Yu Ji, Runming Yao, and Wei Yu. "Quantification of personal thermal comfort with localized airflow system based on sensitivity analysis and classification tree model." Energy and Buildings 194 (July 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.04.010.
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Pao, Shih-Lung, Shin-Yu Wu, Jing-Min Liang, Ing-Jer Huang, Lan-Yuen Guo, Wen-Lan Wu, Yang-Guang Liu, and Shy-Her Nian. "A Physiological-Signal-Based Thermal Sensation Model for Indoor Environment Thermal Comfort Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 7292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127292.
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Traditional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) control systems rely mostly on static models, such as Fanger’s predicted mean vote (PMV) to predict human thermal comfort in indoor environments. Such models consider environmental parameters, such as room temperature, humidity, etc., and indirect human factors, such as metabolic rate, clothing, etc., which do not necessarily reflect the actual human thermal comfort. Therefore, as electronic sensor devices have become widely used, we propose to develop a thermal sensation (TS) model that takes in humans’ physiological signals for consideration in addition to the environment parameters. We conduct climate chamber experiments to collect physiological signals and personal TS under different environments. The collected physiological signals are ECG, EEG, EMG, GSR, and body temperatures. As a preliminary study, we conducted experiments on young subjects under static behaviors by controlling the room temperature, fan speed, and humidity. The results show that our physiological-signal-based TS model performs much better than the PMV model, with average RMSEs 0.75 vs. 1.07 (lower is better) and R2 0.77 vs. 0.43 (higher is better), respectively, meaning that our model prediction has higher accuracy and better explainability. The experiments also ranked the importance of physiological signals (as EMG, body temperature, ECG, and EEG, in descending order) so they can be selectively adopted according to the feasibility of signal collection in different application scenarios. This study demonstrates the usefulness of physiological signals in TS prediction and motivates further thorough research on wider scenarios, such as ages, health condition, static/motion/sports behaviors, etc.
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McEntyre, Kelsey, Matthew D. Curtner-Smith, and K. Andrew R. Richards. "Patterns of Preservice Teacher–Student Negotiation Within the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2019-0098.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of teacher–student negotiation that occurred when preservice teachers (PTs) taught within the teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model. Method: The participants were seven PTs enrolled in an elementary early field experience. They taught three to four mini-units of TPSR. Seven qualitative techniques were employed to collect data, and standard interpretive techniques were used to analyze them. Results: Three general patterns of negotiation were identified. In the units taught by two of the PTs, the negotiations became more positive. For three of the PTs, the rates of negotiation were constant. In the units taught by the remaining two PTs, the negotiations became more negative. Key factors influencing the patterns of negotiation were PTs’ comprehension of and comfort with the TPSR model; class size; and students’ age, gender, and skill level. Conclusion: These findings may help faculty develop more nuanced and effective training for PTs learning to teach through TPSR.
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Liu, Sha Sha, En Jian Yao, Yong Sheng Zhang, and Ling Lu. "Study on Route Choice Behavior of Urban Rail Transit Passengers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 2252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.2252.
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In order to capture spatiotemporal distribution pattern of passenger flow under networked condition, it is necessary to analyze route choice behavior of urban rail transit passengers. First, angular cost value and comfort index are defined to reflect the influence of network structures, route directions and in-vehicle congestion on passengers’ route choice behavior respectively; Then, two route choice models are proposed respectively for peak and off-peak hours, in which new variables including angular cost value, comfort index and personal characteristics, as well as level of service variables (i.e. in-vehicle travel time, number of transfers and transfer time etc. , which are usually found in the base model) are considered. Finally, the models are calibrated with the surveyed data from Guangzhou Metro and compared with each other. The results show that the new variables significantly improve models’ explanatory and predictive abilities on route choice behavior of urban rail transit passengers.
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Ebert, Alexandria R., Susan McFadden, and Danica Kulibert. "PERSONHOOD-BASED KNOWLEDGE: A NEW CONSTRUCT PREDICTING PERSONAL DEMENTIA FEAR." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S467—S468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1745.
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Abstract Perhaps because the public is not well-versed on the biological and medical facts of dementia (biomedical knowledge; BK), or the life experiences and capabilities of persons living with dementia (personhood-based knowledge; PBK), dementia is one the most feared and stigmatized terminal illnesses (Alzheimer’s Society, 2007), typically resulting in social isolation (George, 2010). Similar to personal dementia fear (fear of developing dementia; PDF), dementia worry has been associated with suicide ideation (Cui et al., under review), which is a predictor of accepting attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide (Wolfgag, 2017). Findings from the development and testing of a conceptual model of social comfort indicated that people with higher levels of PBK had higher levels of social comfort towards persons with dementia (Ebert, Kulibert, & McFadden, 2019). The present study is a secondary analysis of data obtained from Wisconsin residents through an online platform and community outreach efforts (Ebert, Kulibert, and McFadden, 2019; N = 645) to examine whether individuals with higher levels of PBK have lower levels of PDF. A hierarchical linear regression revealed that PBK and BK were significant predictors of PDF (β = -.13, p < .05; β = .108, p < .05, respectively). However, when controlling for age (β = .14, p < .01) and knowing a friend or family member with dementia (β = -.19, p < .001), only PBK remained a significant predictor (β = -.16, p < .01). Results suggest that enhancing PBK through interactions with people living as well as possible with dementia could reduce PDF.
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Zeng, Yang, Masafumi Katsuta, and Tomohiro Anamizu. "Numerical Simulation of Heat Flow in a Vehicle Cabin Using the Personal Air Conditioning System." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.755.
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The personal air conditioning system is used in the battery electric vehicle instead of the traditional one and the experiment validated that this system can make passengers feel comfort after four minutes. All the system can only consume electric power 338.8 W, which is less than the traditional air conditioning of cabin. A simplified 3-D N box vehicle cabin model was created to simulate the thermal distribution under this system by using the CFD analysis and the results of calculation have good agreement with the experiment recording.
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Campano, Miguel Ángel, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, and Juan José Sendra. "Thermal Perception in Mild Climate: Adaptive Thermal Models for Schools." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 3948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143948.
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A comprehensive assessment of indoor environmental conditions is performed on a representative sample of classrooms in schools across southern Spain (Mediterranean climate) to evaluate the thermal comfort level, thermal perception and preference, and the relationship with HVAC systems, with a comparison of seasons and personal clothing. Almost fifty classrooms were studied and around one thousand pool-surveys distributed among their occupants, aged 12 to 17. These measurements were performed during spring, autumn, and winter, considered the most representative periods of use for schools. A new proposed protocol has been developed for the collection and subsequent analysis of data, applying thermal comfort indicators and using the most frequent predictive models, rational (RTC) and adaptive (ATC), for comparison. Cooling is not provided in any of the rooms and natural ventilation is found in most of the spaces during midseasons. Despite the existence of a general heating service in almost all classrooms in the cold period, the use of mechanical ventilation is limited. Heating did not usually provide standard set-point temperatures. However, this did not lead to widespread complaints, as occupants perceive the thermal environment as neutral—varying greatly between users—and show a preference for slightly colder environments. Comparison of these thermal comfort votes and the thermal comfort indicators used showed a better fit of thermal preference over thermal sensation and more reliable results when using regional ATC indicators than the ASHRAE adaptive model. This highlights the significance of inhabitants’ actual thermal perception. These findings provide useful insight for a more accurate design of this type of building, as well as a suitable tool for the improvement of existing spaces, improving the conditions for both comfort and wellbeing in these spaces, as well as providing a better fit of energy use for actual comfort conditions.
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Sitinjak, Tarita Aprilani, Ludfi Djakfar, and Achmad Wicaksono. "Study of Online Taxi Choice Model in Indonesia." Open Civil Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (September 24, 2020): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502014010238.
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Background: Online taxis, a travel mode with personalized comfort based on mobile Internet technology, are now rapidly expanding in Indonesia. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of the personal characteristics and travel characteristics on the choice of an online taxi or conventional taxi and to analyze the online taxi performance in the cities of Surabaya and Malang, Indonesia. Methods: A Stated Preference questionnaire was designed and a Google Forms survey was conducted to obtain data; 200 responses were collected. The binary logit model was employed to analyze the influence of the personal characteristics and travel characteristics on the choice modal. Importance-Performance Analysis was proposed to understand the performance of online taxis. Results: By applying the binary logit model, it was found that for variables based on a personal characteristic, age and occupation are the most influential variables that affect the decision to use an online-taxi, while for travel characteristic variables, travel cost is the most influential factor in traveler’s choice-making. According to the sensitivity analysis, the midpoint for travel cost was found to be Rp 9.606,20, and 13,43 minutes for pick up time. Through Importance-Performance Analysis, it was found that no attributes need to be improved. Conclusion: The estimated logit model can describe the personalized travel mode choice well. The users of an online taxi are people of young age and non-working group. If the gap price and the gap pick up time more than midpoint, the majority of travelers will most likely shift to conventional taxis. The online taxi performance has already met passenger satisfaction.
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Hamzah, Baharuddin, Muhammad Taufik Ishak, Syarif Beddu, and Mohammad Yoenus Osman. "Thermal comfort analyses of naturally ventilated university classrooms." Structural Survey 34, no. 4/5 (August 8, 2016): 427–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-12-2015-0055.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse thermal comfort and the thermal environment in naturally ventilated classrooms. Specifically, the aims of the study were to identify the thermal environment and thermal comfort of respondents in naturally ventilated university classrooms and compare them with the ASHRAE and Indonesian National Standard (SNI); to check on whether the predicted mean vote (PMV) model is applicable or not for predicting the thermal comfort of occupants in naturally ventilated university classrooms; and to analyse the neutral temperature of occupants in the naturally ventilated university classrooms. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out at the new campus of Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa campus. A number of field surveys, which measured thermal environments, namely, air temperature, mean radiant temperature (MRT), relative humidity, and air velocity, were carried out. The personal activity and clothing properties were also recorded. At the same time, respondents were asked to fill a questionnaire to obtain their thermal sensation votes (TSV) and thermal comfort votes (TCV), thermal preference, and thermal acceptance. A total of 118 respondents participated in the study. Before the survey was conducted, a brief explanation was provided to the participants to ensure that they understood the study objectives and also how to fill in the questionnaires. Findings The results indicated that the surveyed classrooms had higher thermal environments than those specified in the well-known ASHRAE standard and Indonesian National Standard (SNI). However, this condition did not make respondents feel uncomfortable because a large proportion of respondents voted within the comfort zone (+1, 0, and −1). The predictive mean vote using the PMV model was higher than the respondents’ votes either by TSV or by TCV. There was a huge difference between neutral temperature using operative temperature (To) and air temperature (Ta). This difference may have been because of the small value of MRT recorded in the measured classrooms. Originality/value The research shows that the use of the PMV model in predicting thermal comfort in the tropic region might be misleading. This is because PMV mostly overestimates the TSV and TCV of the respondents. People in the tropic region are more tolerant to a higher temperature. On the basis of this finding, there is a need to develop a new thermal comfort model for university classrooms that is particularly optimal for this tropical area.
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Korshunova, Olga V. "Rural schools: a model for achieving targets for personal development in a psychologically comfortable educational environment." Perspectives of Science and Education 58, no. 4 (September 1, 2022): 494–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.4.29.
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Introduction. Regulatory documents in the field of education clearly indicate the requirement to build a developing educational environment in each educational organization. At the same time, psychological comfort is an important condition for its functioning. To study the formation and support of such an environment is an urgent problem for rural schools, especially in the context of achieving the goals of developing the actual qualities of the personality of the information world. The purpose of the research is to justify and develop a model for achieving targets for personal development in a psychologically comfortable educational environment in a rural school. Materials and methods of the research. The main method is the triadic method of information criteria. Additional methods are the analysis of literary works on the problem and modeling. Research results. The model for achieving targets for personal development in a psychologically comfortable educational environment in a rural school has scientific justification and textual and graphical expression (design). The model is presented in steps. It has 7 levels, which together determine options for forming of personality traits that are in demand by modern challenges and threats as a component of the “21st century skills” for students in rural schools. The model determines the total of probable forms of the educational environment, identified according to the criterion "the possibility of developing personality traits that are in demand in the modern world, subject to psychological comfort". It allows a) to identify possible combinations of these personal qualities that determine the creation of different variations-types of the educational environment; b) to analyze the directions and trajectories which can be used to form and develop the environment for the required personality parameters. The model is an analogue of a morphological box, which, taking into account the context of a particular rural school, allows to determine the most optimal way for developing personality traits in an educational environment “tuned” for the priority improvement of independence, initiative, involvement, subjectivity, reflexivity and confidence of all subjects. Significance of the research. The results of the study develop the pedagogical theory of the educational environment in the context of achieving the goals of modern education and ensuring the psychological well-being of subjects. The developed model can be applied not only in rural schools, but also in urban ones, adjusted for a specific context. As for the managerial aspect, the result in the form of a model is valuable knowledge for administrative workers of educational organizations of any type.
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Liu, Bing, Huijun Yue, Jiachun Lin, Xiangkai Wu, and Zhaoyao Shi. "Analysis and Optimization of Driving Attitude and Oscillation Characteristics of Suspension-Type Small Rail Vehicles." Shock and Vibration 2020 (December 3, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8894597.
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Suspension-type small rail personal rapid transit systems are widely concerned due to their high efficiency and reliability. The increasing demands for ride comfort have put forward higher requirements for vehicle stationarity. In the study, with a single-bogie vehicle as the research object, a dynamic equation and a simulation model are firstly established to calculate the attitude angle and lateral velocity of the vehicle. Then, with the small amplitude and fast attenuation of the attitude angle and lateral velocity in a straight line and a bend as optimization objectives, the simulation model is optimized in terms of a series of variables, including the bogie with or without the supporting wheel, the supporting wheel tread, the driving wheel tread, the guide wheel tread, and the changes of the center of mass of the vehicle. Then, the problem of severe vehicle pitch with the double-bogie structure is solved. Finally, the simulation results and the optimization scheme are experimentally verified. The above optimization measures can significantly improve the driving stationarity of suspension-type small rail vehicles and enhance ride comfort.
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Zhai, Lina, Xue Lin, Jingxian Xu, Yunyi Wang, and Jun Li. "Principles and hierarchy design of protective clothing for earthquake disaster search and rescue team members." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-11-2015-0123.
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Purpose Personal protective assembles protect searchers and rescuers from potential hazards when they enter the earthquake disaster field. Since the earthquake rescue work is risky and complicated, the corresponding protective clothing should meet with the protective, functional and comfort performance demands. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the design principles of this kind of protective clothing and present a design model based on the principles. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the requirements of the protective clothing were investigated in terms of environment, human and clothing. Then the design principles were analyzed by the hierarchy method in four aspects: protection, comfort, ergonomics and compatibility. Design approaches were also investigated in accordance with the design principles in three hierarchies. Findings Key design points were summarized in the selection of the shell fabrics and linings, clothing styles, constructions and specifications. Also, the overall design methodology of the protective clothing for earthquake rescue members was established. Originality/value This paper provided a theoretical basis and design model for the development of earthquake search and rescuers’ clothing.
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Ishu Ishiyama, F. "Understanding Foreign Adolescents' Difficulties in Cross-Cultural Adjustment: A Self-Validation Model." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 5, no. 1 (July 1989): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082957358900500105.
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A model of self-validation is presented in this paper to explore and understand the nature of cross-cultural adjustment difficulties and feelings of loss and homesickness. Many young immigrants and foreign students go through painful experiences of cultural and personal disorientation and uprootedness in a new, unfamiliar environment. When they move from their homelands, they also leave behind some of the significant sources of self-validation which used to provide positive feelings and a sense of self-worth and meaning in life. Five interrelated psychological themes are discussed with case illustrations: (1) security, comfort, and support; (2) self-worth and self-acceptance; (3) competence and autonomy, (4) identity and belonging; and (5) love, fulfillment, and meaning in life. Social reinforcement, communication and social skills and multicultural awareness are also discussed as factors contributing to successful self-validation and relationship building between foreign students and host nationals.
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Firas Basim Ismail, Nizar F.O. Al-Muhsen, and Ain Amira Johari. "Thermal Comfort Analysis for Overhead and Underfloor Air Distribution Systems." CFD Letters 13, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.13.12.113132.
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Underfloor and overhead air distributions are two types of Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system in which both differs in term of channelling the supplied air into a space. Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system channels the supplied air from the underfloor plenum and goes to the return vent at the ceiling. On the other hand, the overhead air distribution (OHAD) system utilizes the ceiling-to-ceiling air pathway approach. In this study, A developed HVAC model was proposed. Ansys Fluent program was used to numerically investigate the best thermal comfort of the proposed model in terms of occupant satisfaction by referring to ASHRAE Standard. Two scenarios were designed and adopted in the computational investigation which is OHAD and UFAD. Three heat-generating parameters were involved which are a room lamp, personal computer and occupant. The attained computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation results were validated. Generally, the attained CFD results showed that the UFAD system could perform better compare to the OHAD system even though the OHAD system could have some benefits. Specifically, the UFAD system provided the best thermal performance whereas the OHAD system was found to be less efficient in providing thermal comfort to the occupant and consumed a greater amount of energy because it was required to cool down the whole room instead of being cooled partly. The CFD results confirmed that the UFAD system was capable of maintaining the room temperature at 26°C at a height below 2.0 m compared to 1.2 m of the OHAD system. In conclusion, the UFAD system could provide better indoor air quality, and it could have superior performance for the tropic weather regions such as Malaysia compared to that of the OHAD system. Besides, using the UFAD system could be represented a preventive action that could be proposed to solve the mould growth inside any occupied room.
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M. ALI, ANI, BRETT D. MARTINSON, and SURA AL-MAIYAH. "EFFECTS OF CEILING FANS ON THE THERMAL COMFORT OF STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS OF BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO, NIGERIA." BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041) 6, no. 01 (April 30, 2022): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56892/bimajst.v6i01.315.
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It is well known that thermal comfort is influenced by major physical parameters; air and radianttemperatures, humidity, and air speed in combination with personal attributes; clothing insulationand activity level. Although temperature is conventionally considered in adaptive thermalcomfort model, as the most important physical parameter where cooling is involved, moderateair speed can enhance thermal comfort during higher temperatures. Through convective andevaporative cooling, ceiling fans cool people by causing sweat from the occupant’s body toevaporate. The northern part of Nigeria, being in the tropics, is known for higher temperatureregimes for most part of the year. The use of air conditioning to achieve thermal comfort is notsustainable, for economic reasons and the lack of stable electrical energy. Therefore, a majorityof naturally ventilated spaces could be kept thermally comfortable with the control of ceilingfans and operable windows. As part of a research work on learning environments in a NorthernNigerian university, this study reports on the effects of ceiling fans on the thermal comfortperception of the students in two lecture theatres. In addition to the measurements of air speed,air and radiant temperatures, relative humidity, a comfort survey was also undertaken in thespaces, from which activity levels and clothing insulations were obtained. Adaptive thermalcomfort standards, ASHRAE 55 and EN 15251, state that thermal comfort can be maintained asair temperature rises with the use of ceiling fans operating at moderate speed. The results fromthis study show that reductions of 31% and 22% in overheating from the two lecture theatreswere realised, as a result of ceiling fans usage, measured by the degree hour’s exceedanceindicator. These results were further corroborated by the students’ acceptance of thermalconditions of the lecture theatres at temperatures above Tmax.Keywords: Ceiling fans, thermal comfort, overheating, Bayero University, Kano
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Wang, Faming, Zhanxiao Kang, and Junming Zhou. "Model validation and parametric study on a personal heating clothing system (PHCS) to help occupants attain thermal comfort in unheated buildings." Building and Environment 162 (September 2019): 106308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106308.
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Boudier, Katharina, and Sabine Hoffmann. "Analysis of the Potential of Decentralized Heating and Cooling Systems to Improve Thermal Comfort and Reduce Energy Consumption through an Adaptive Building Controller." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031100.
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Thermal comfort is one of the most important factors for occupant satisfaction and, as a result, for the building energy performance. Decentralized heating and cooling systems, also known as “Personal Environmental Comfort Systems” (PECS), have attracted significant interest in research and industry in recent years. While building simulation software is used in practice to improve the energy performance of buildings, most building simulation applications use the PMV approach for comfort calculations. This article presents a newly developed building controller that uses a holistic approach in the consideration of PECS within the framework of the building simulation software Esp-r. With PhySCo, a dynamic physiology, sensation, and comfort model, the presented building controller can adjust the setpoint temperatures of the central HVAC system as well as control the use of PECS based on the thermal sensation and comfort values of a virtual human. An adaptive building controller with a wide dead-band and adaptive setpoints between 18 to 26 °C (30 °C) was compared to a basic controller with a fixed and narrow setpoint range between 21 to 24 °C. The simulations were conducted for temperate western European climate (Mannheim, Germany), classified as Cfb climate according to Köppen-Geiger. With the adaptive controller, a 12.5% reduction in end-use energy was achieved in winter. For summer conditions, a variation between the adaptive controller, an office chair with a cooling function, and a fan increased the upper setpoint temperature to 30 °C while still maintaining comfortable conditions and reducing the end-use energy by 15.3%. In spring, the same variation led to a 9.3% reduction in the final energy. The combinations of other systems were studied with the newly presented controller.
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Andalas, Bayu, Haryoto Kusnoputranto, and Raldi H. Koestoer. "Developing thermal comfort model through regional budget expenditure analysis towards low energy consumption in public building facility (case object: government building in north and south of Jakarta)." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187405001.
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Building efficiency policy has implemented Indonesia. However, energy consumption in building sector remains significantly increased. Jakarta Government relied on AC in providing a comfortable condition for its service it consumed 57% of its total energy consumption. Current available energy monitoring method based on the expensive electrical device, so a new method using regional budget expenditure is developed in this research. This study established: Field study (6 buildings), regional budget expenditure analysis (313 buildings) on thermal comfort and building energy in 112 administrative office building equipped with Natural air ventilated (NV) and Air Conditioned (AC) and 224 building occupants/building manager were taking part in this research. Quantitative method used in this research with variables: thermal comfort (Air temperature, Relative humidity, radiant temperature, Air velocity, and personal clothing index) with Fanger’s Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) method calculation. Another variable used in this research is government standard for Building Energy Consumption Index (IKE) through regional government budget analysis. During an early stage, the budget analysis shows 6 out of 112 office buildings energy consumption (electricity) categorised as ‘extravagant.’ Field study higher IKE caused by too cold temperature setting, underperformed Air Conditioning System, building envelope and ventilation or ‘inappropriate’ building orientation (facing east-west).
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Bloomquist, Candace D., C. J. Hobson, James Ayaga, Christopher Trott, Sandra Suiter, and Austin D. Freeman. "Facilitated COIL conversational model: a virtual exchange between a private university in the US and a teacher college in South Sudan." Journal of Virtual Exchange 5 (August 10, 2022): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/jve.5.38668.
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This practice report explores a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) course focused on awareness and esteem development for women teachers in South Sudan and volunteers associated with a US-based university. Pedagogy of hope was utilized as an educational tool for implementation and evaluation. Assessments of this COIL course focused on data from exit tickets and a final writing assignment. Self-perceptions of the participating teachers were analyzed based on their sense of preparedness, confidence, comfort levels with the class, and any impact the course had on teachers’ sense of teaching as a personal calling. Practitioners and teaching professionals interested in international virtual exchange will find key takeaways related to building partnerships starting with low-stakes initiatives and using COIL to help ignite advances in digital maturity in South Sudan.
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Noorliza, K. "Determinants of an Environmentally Sustainable Model for Competitiveness." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021444.
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Environmental practices in the logistics industry play a significant role in environmental sustainability, but how logistics professionals and logistics service providers (LSPs) engage with environmental practices is inexplicable. This paper explores the human–environment connection within the LSPs context to develop an environmentally sustainable model through environmental leadership that encourages the organizational structure and green practices to obtain sustained performance and competitiveness. The paper reviews LSP articles extracted from the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. The results provide an environmentally sustainable model for LSPs and managers, stimulating themselves from within to green actions and sustainability to enhance their reputation and image, competitiveness, environmental preservation, human well-being, and service differentiation and innovation. The findings also reveal that the intrinsic attributes of leaders are more conducive to fostering the organizational design of environmental practices. The determinants of environmental intrinsic leadership values are emotional, biospheric (i.e., valuing the environment), altruistic (i.e., respecting the welfare and well-being of other human beings), egoistic (i.e., valuing personal resources), and hedonic values (i.e., loving pleasure and comfort) within leaders. The khalifa for 6P sustainability performance effectively is as follows: green practice, profit, planet, people, and product, process/service innovation. This study provides theoretical and practical implications for the logistics industry.
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Liu, Tao, Xiaofang Shan, Qinli Deng, Zeng Zhou, Guang Yang, Jue Wang, and Zhigang Ren. "Thermal Perception and Physiological Responses under Different Protection States in Indoor Crowded Spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Summer." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 5477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095477.
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Currently, people in crowded indoor spaces are required to wear a variety of personal protective equipment to curb the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing four types of personal protective equipment (unprotected, wearing masks, wearing face shield and wearing medical protective clothing) on human thermal perception and physiological responses in indoor crowded spaces in summer. The experiment was conducted in a climate chamber designed to simulate the indoor crowded spaces. Environmental parameters of climate chamber (air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed), physiological parameters of subjects (wrist skin temperature and pulse rate), and subjective perceptions (thermal sensation and thermal comfort) were collected during the experiment. The experimental results showed that medical protective clothing has the most obvious blocking effect on heat exchange between human and environment. Thermal sensation in state 4 (wearing medical protective clothing) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in other states. The study of physiological parameters showed that the wrist skin temperature and pulse rate under different protection states increased with the increase of room temperature. Through regression analysis, the thermal sensation estimation model of protective personnel in indoor crowded spaces based on wrist skin temperature and pulse rate was established. The adjusted R2 and RMSE of all models were above 82% and less than 1, indicating that the established thermal sensation model had a good prediction effect.
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Dudzik, Marek. "Towards Characterization of Indoor Environment in Smart Buildings: Modelling PMV Index Using Neural Network with One Hidden Layer." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 6749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176749.
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Modelling of comfort with the use of neural networks in modern times has become extremely popular. In recent years, scientists have been using these methods because of their satisfactory accuracy. The article proposes a method of modelling feedforward neural networks, thanks to which it is possible to obtain the most efficient network with one hidden layer in terms of a given quality criterion. The article also presents the methodology for modelling a PMV index, on the basis of which it can be demonstrated whether the network will work properly not only on paper but in reality as well. The objective of this work is to develop a performance model allowing the effective improvement of all electrical and mechanical devices affecting the energy efficiency and indoor environment in smart buildings. To achieve this, several attributes of indoor environment are included, namely: air leakage as a connection to the outdoor environment, but also as uncontrolled component of energy, ventilation as delivery and distribution of fresh air in the building space, individual ventilation on demand indoor air quality (IAQ) in the dwelling or as a personal IAQ control, source control of pollutants in the building, thermal comfort, temperature, air movement and humidity control (humidity modifiers, i.e., buffers different from the air conditioning radiation from cold and hot surfaces bringing forward a question about the strategy of the process control. One may either develop a series of control models to be synthesized later or one can use one over-arching characteristic and use its components for operating the control system. The paper addresses the second strategy and uses the concept of PMV for a criterion of broadly defined thermal comfort (including ventilation and air quality).
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Ramadhan, Muhammad Putra, Agung Waluyo, and Masfuri Masfuri. "APLIKASI TEORI VIRGINIA HENDERSON PADA PENGKAJIAN KEPERAWATAN PASIEN DENGAN UROLITHIASIS." JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU 10, no. 2 (October 7, 2022): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36085/jkmb.v10i2.3668.
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Urolithiasis is a stone formation in the urinary tract that includes kidney stones, ureter stones, bladder calculi, and urethra. Urolithiasis is a disease of the urinary system that occupies the third position, where the prevalence reaches 10% and continues to increase in recent decades. Virginia Henderson proposes a theory of basic human needs that is appropriately used as the basis for the nursing assessment. The study aims to illustrate the application of Virginia Henderson's theory for nursing assessment in patients with urinary system disorders. The method used is a case study with an instrument based on 14 domains of basic human needs according to Virginia Henderson's theory. The results of the study showed there are basic needs that are problematic including eating and drinking needs, self-protection and hygiene, a sense of security and comfort, relaxation, and health services. Analysis of the data group with the Standard Diagnosis Keperawatan Indonesia obtained four nursing diagnoses each preoperative and postoperative phase. The results of the study showed that the application of Virginia Henderson's theory to patients with urolithiasis found 5 basic needs that had problems, there is eating and drinking, protection and personal hygiene, a sense of security and comfort, relaxation, and health services. In addition, Virginia Henderson's theory approach can be used as an assessment model, especially in the case of the urinary system. Further studies are needed to obtain a standard form of nursing assessment model based on Virginia Henderson's theory of basic needs.
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Ooi Qi Xiang, Amir Abdullah Muhamad Damanhuri, Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua Abdullah, Khairum Hamzah, and Muhammad Zulkarnain. "Airflow Distribution of Hall and Classroom as Temporary Evacuation Centers: A Case Study in Melaka." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 100, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.100.2.157168.
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During floods, the Malaysian Department of Welfare (JKM) oversees the opening and assigning of victims to evacuation centres. Public buildings such as school classrooms and community halls act as Temporary Evacuation Centers (TEC) that can last up to two weeks. The foldable tents will be provided to each family at the evacuation centres to assure that the victims have personal space. For privacy and separation, they were confined in a temporary tent with only a few fans from the building to keep their comfort. Therefore, the thermal comfort level within the temporary tent is usually affected by the airflow distribution from naturally ventilated buildings from building layout and design. In this study, two independent public buildings were hall (School A) and a classroom (School B) in Melaka, Malaysia, were investigated to simulate the airflow distribution accordingly. In-situ air sampling measures were performed using indoor air sampling techniques for 24 hours to measure the air velocity, air temperatures, and relative humidity in the building. Airflow distribution throughout the floor was used to simulate the airflow with the Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to identify the airflow direction. The average airflow rate between Schools A and B was 0.19 ms-1 and 0.27 ms-1, respectively, after the data collection. Meanwhile, the average air temperature between Schools A and B was 30.3℃ and 29.4℃, respectively. Therefore, School B's classroom layout is the best model for forecasting airflow rate, air velocity, and temperature for the evacuation center.
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Suryani, Erma, Rully Agus Hendrawan, Phillip Fasrter Eka Adipraja, and Lily Puspa Dewi. "Congestion Mitigation Scenario through Public Transportation Improvement." MATEC Web of Conferences 164 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816401008.
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Congestion can be recognized through roads filled with cars, trucks, buses and sidewalks filled with pedestrians. It usually relates to an excess of vehicles at a particular time resulting in lower speeds, sometimes much slower than normal speeds. Public transportation is a vital element in solving the congestion problem in the city. In Indonesia, currently, safe and convenient transportation modes to move from one point to another still rarely found. Therefore, the growth rate of personal vehicles soaring from year to year. Therefore, in this research a set of simulation models have been developed to mitigate congestion through the improvement of public transportation. As a method used to develop the model, system dynamics is utilized based on consideration that the method can accommodate nonlinear relationships between factors that have significant contribution to mitigate the traffic congestion. Research results show that the improvement of public transportation through comfort, safety, reliability and affordable cost can mitigate the traffic congestion.
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Sapbamrer, Ratana, Manoch Naksata, Surat Hongsibsong, Jiraporn Chittrakul, and Wilawan Chaiut. "Efficiency of Gum Rosin-Coated Personal Protective Clothing to Protect against Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Applicators." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052594.
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An ideal theoretical model for personal protective clothing (PPC) is to protect wearers from external workplace hazards while meeting certain ergonomic requirements. This study aims to compare the efficiency of different personal protective clothing in its protection against chlorpyrifos, including gum rosin-coated PPC, commercial PPC (Tychem® coverall), and everyday clothing, during application under field conditions. Perception of discomfort and physiological effects after wearing PPC were also investigated. Thirty-one applicators were invited and consented to participate in the study. The study established that the median percentage of chlorpyrifos protection efficiency was 90.7% for commercial PPC, 89.2% for gum rosin-coated PPC, and 76.5% for everyday PPC. When the protection efficiency was compared among the different types of PPC, the percentage protection efficiency of gum rosin-coated PPC was not significantly different from that of commercial PPC. The percentage protection efficiencies of commercial PPC and gum rosin-coated PPC were significantly higher than that of everyday PPC. The major characteristics of gum rosin-coated PPC were water-repellency, breathability, low cost, and ease of manufacture. Therefore, this study suggests that gum rosin-coated PPC is a reasonable alternative PPC for farmers, particularly in low and middle-low-income countries and tropical climates, to protect against pesticides while providing acceptable comfort.
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Neyens, David M., and Ashley Kay Childers. "Determining Barriers and Facilitators Associated With Willingness to Use a Personal Health Information Management System to Support Worksite Wellness Programs." American Journal of Health Promotion 31, no. 4 (January 5, 2016): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.140514-quan-204.
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Purpose. To determine the barriers and facilitators associated with willingness to use personal health information management (PHIM) systems to support an existing worksite wellness program (WWP). Design. The study design involved a Web-based survey. Setting. The study setting was a regional hospital. Subjects. Hospital employees comprised the study subjects. Measures. Willingness, barriers, and facilitators associated with PHIM were measured. Analysis. Bivariate logit models were used to model two binary dependent variables. One model predicted the likelihood of believing PHIM systems would positively affect overall health and willingness to use. Another predicted the likelihood of worrying about online security and not believing PHIM systems would benefit health goals. Results. Based on 333 responses, believing PHIM systems would positively affect health was highly associated with willingness to use PHIM systems (p < .01). Those comfortable online were 7.22 times more willing to use PHIM systems. Participants in exercise-based components of WWPs were 3.03 times more likely to be willing to use PHIM systems. Those who worried about online security were 5.03 times more likely to believe PHIM systems would not help obtain health goals. Conclusions. Comfort with personal health information online and exercise-based WWP experience was associated with willingness to use PHIM systems. However, nutrition-based WWPs did not have similar effects. Implementation barriers relate to technology anxiety and trust in security, as well as experience with specific WWP activities. Identifying differences between WWP components and addressing technology concerns before implementation of PHIM systems into WWPs may facilitate improved adoption and usage.
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Rand, Stacey, Ann-Marie Towers, Juliette Malley, and Barbora Silarova. "Exploring the structural characteristics of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT) and ASCOT-Carer." NIHR Open Research 2 (February 24, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13259.1.
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Background: Measurement models inform the approach to assess a measure’s validity and also how a measure is understood, applied and interpreted. With preference-based measures, it is generally accepted that they are formative; however, if they are applied without preferences, they may be reflective, formative or mixed. In this study, we sought to empirically test whether the reflective, formative or mixed measurement model best describes PBMs of social care-related quality of life (ASCOT, ASCOT-Carer). We also explored the network approach, as an alternative. Methods: ASCOT and ASCOT-Carer data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes models to test reflective, formative or mixed measurement models, respectively. Network analysis of partial correlations using the Gaussian graphical model was also conducted. Results: The results indicated that the reflective measurement model is the worst fit for ASCOT and ASCOT-Carer. The formative or mixed models may apply to ASCOT. The mixed model was the best fit for ASCOT-Carer. The network analysis indicated that the most important or influential items were Occupation and Personal cleanliness and comfort (ASCOT) and Time and space and Self-care (ASCOT-Carer). Conclusions: The ASCOT and ASCOT-Carer are best described as formative/mixed or mixed models, respectively. These findings may guide the approach to the validation of cross-culturally adapted and translated versions. Specifically, we recommend that EFA be applied to establish structural characteristics, especially if the measure will be applied as a PBM and as a measure of SCRQoL. Network analysis may also provide further useful insights into structural characteristics.
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Ngo, Ha Quang Thinh, Van Nghia Le, Vu Dao Nguyen Thien, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, and Hung Nguyen. "Develop the socially human-aware navigation system using dynamic window approach and optimize cost function for autonomous medical robot." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 12 (December 2020): 168781402097943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020979430.
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In previous works, the perceived safety and comfort are currently not the principal objectives of all industries, especially robotics system. It might lead not to take psychological safety into consideration of adjusting robot behavior, hence, the human-robot interaction lacks of ease and naturalness. In this paper, a novel framework of human’s zones to ensure safety for social interactions in human-machine system is proposed. In the context of service robot in hospital, machine should not produce any actions that may induce worry, surprise or bother. To maintain the comfortable interaction, an algorithm to update human’s state into personal space is developed. Then, a motion model of robot is demonstrated with assumption of the reference path under segmentation. Dynamic Window Approach is employed for motion planning while Optimize Cost function searches the shortest path in a graph. To validate our approach, three test cases (without human-aware framework, with basic model of human’s zone and with extended personal space) are carried out in the same context. Moreover, three interactive indicators, for instance collision index (CI), interaction index (CII) and relative velocity of robot (Vr), are analyzed in different situations. Lack of human-aware framework, robot might break all thresholds and meet the potential collisions. While robot with basic model of human’s zone in its perception maintains the physically safe thresholds but not socially, it respects whole criterions in both physical constraints and social relations. As a result, our findings are useful for robot’s navigation in presence of human while the socially comfortable interaction is guaranteed.
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Fryefield, David C., Roberta Kafora, Lori Bradshaw-Hucko, Chris Tribble, Terry Jensen, Tom Chentnik, and Roy Beveridge. "Community oncology care delivery staffing model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2012): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.87.
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87 Background: In 2010, the US Oncology Network’s Clinical Advisory Council (CAC), a practice-based clinical leadership team, reviewed the care delivery process at 5 pilot community oncology clinics to determine how licensed and unlicensed clinical resources were used. The Lean Six Sigma methodology, which employs statistical analysis within a structured approach to problem-solving, was used to understand the required clinical activities of the practices within 3 primary areas. The objective of this pilot was to ensure patients receive timely, effective treatment from qualified personal in a cost-efficient model. Methods: A team led by a certified Master Black Belt studied tasks performed by licensed vs. non-licensed staff in the areas of physician services, treatment services and triage services at each practice. Based on the findings, tasks were realigned to maintain quality of care but to deliver care more efficiently. Results: Care Delivery processes comprised 95 tasks at baseline vs. 80 tasks in the redefined model. Within physician services, changes to workflow included rooming and clinic support (vitals, cleaning, and patient comfort) to be provided by Medical Assistants (MAs) instead of RN. RN duties were changed to MA supervision and tasks that require licensure. Changes to triage services included use of RNs to coordinate care and MAs for phone call screening, centralized triage (non-patient facing), and normal lab follow-up. Increased clarity of tasks and re-assignment of responsibilities reduced RN work load by 17% or 16.6 hours/day based on 120 patient visits. Each pilot site realized an annualized labor savings in excess of $100,000. This prospective, patient volume-based Care Delivery Staffing Model was adopted by the CAC as Network standard after completion of the pilot. Conclusions: Using Lean Six Sigma methods, the care delivery process was successfully re-designed such that clinical staff were re-aligned to better utilize each resource’s core competencies. Implementation of this care delivery model resulted in improved cost effectiveness while maintaining quality of care and also enabled prospective staff planning so that costs can be kept competitive in the future.
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Kumar, Dheeraj N., Sanjay Kumar S, Parthan Kunhikrishnan, and H. S. Jagadeesh. "Modeling Work Trip Mode Choice in Post-Metro Bengaluru City." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 3523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.3523ecst.
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Traffic congestion and emissions are the acute problems faced by most cities in the country. The cause for these problems could be increased usage of personal vehicles and lesser popularity of public transport. The aggregate effect of individual mode choice decisions reflects in traffic congestion and emissions in the city. To study these problems, it is essential to know the mode choice and the factors affecting it. Commute trips like work and school trips contribute heavily to these typical urban transportation problems. In the present study, attempts have been made to study the mode choice of working commuters in Bengaluru City. To achieve this, a household survey is conducted. Multinomial logit models are used to analyze the mode choice behavior of these individuals. Findings from the model revealed that individual characteristics like age, vehicle ownership, level of service characteristics such as travel time and travel cost, and subjective factors like comfort, security, and station environment significantly affect mode choice. Using the model developed, a policy has been proposed to predict the effect of restricting ownership of the second car on mode choice, resulting in about 2% decrease in car shares, which could reduce traffic congestion and pollution in the city.
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Korbiel, Tomasz, Bartłomiej Stepien, Wojciech Batko, Robert Baranski, Dominik Mleczko, Paweł Pawlik, and Jedrzej Blaut. "Recognition of the 24-hour Noise Exposure of a Human." Archives of Acoustics 42, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2017-0064.
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Abstract The civilisation progress has caused noise to become one of essential pathogenic and life comfort decreasing factors. There are several legal regulations aimed at controlling the noise influence on humans. Assessment of the twenty-four-hour influence of noises in various environments constitutes an essential problem. The answer can be supplied by 24-hour monitoring of the sound pressure. This paper is an attempt to learn the real loading of humans by noises. A personal noise indicator was used in measurements. The human 24-hour activity was divided into cycles allowing to model noise hazards. The collected data, even though they did not signal exceeding of individual standards, in the 24-hour period indicated the essential noise influence. These results indicate the need of investigations to recognise the 24-hour noise load of a human, with taking into account various forms of their activity and the need of rest.