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1

Ling, Yu, E. Scott Huebner, Peng Fu, Yifang Zeng, and Yushu He. "A person-oriented analysis of hope in Chinese adolescents." Personality and Individual Differences 101 (October 2016): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.048.

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DuPree, Devin G., Jason B. Whiting, and Steven M. Harris. "A Person-Oriented Analysis of Couple and Relationship Education." Family Relations 65, no. 5 (December 2016): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.12222.

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3

von Eye, Alexander. "Developing the person-oriented approach: Theory and methods of analysis." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 2 (April 28, 2010): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000052.

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AbstractThe development of paradigms, or perspectives of research takes place at the level of theory, in the domain of methodology, and in the context of existing paradigms and perspectives. The development of the person-oriented approach has made considerable progress at the level of theory. In addition, the approach has found a large number of applications. Sterba and Bauer's Keynote Article has closed a gap by discussing methodological implications of the person-oriented approach. In particular, the authors have discussed whether and, if yes, how the tenets of the person-oriented approach can be tested using tools of applied statistics popular in current empirical psychological research. Continuing this discussion, this article focuses on recent developments in all three areas. First, the importance and the implications of the concept of dimensional identity are discussed. It is argued that dimensional identity needs to be established across time and individuals for comparisons to be valid, both in person-oriented and in variable-oriented research. Second, methods not covered in Sterba and Bauer's Keynote are discussed and their application is exemplified. One focus of this discussion is on configural frequency analysis, which allows researchers to make statements about particular cells or groups of cells in cross-classifications of categorical variables. Third, person-oriented research is compared to differential psychology. It is argued that the concept of dimensional identity represents the next step in the development of a psychological subdiscipline that allows one to consider that individuals differ and develop in unique ways. These differences not only manifest in means but in any parameter, including covariance structures, and they can also manifest in the differential meaningfulness of variables for the description of individuals.
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Molenaar, Peter C. M. "Testing all six person-oriented principles in dynamic factor analysis." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 2 (April 28, 2010): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000027.

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AbstractAll six person-oriented principles identified by Sterba and Bauer's Keynote Article can be tested by means of dynamic factor analysis in its current form. In particular, it is shown how complex interactions and interindividual differences/intraindividual change can be tested in this way. In addition, the necessity to use single-subject methods in the analysis of developmental processes is emphasized, and attention is drawn to the possibility to optimally treat developmental psychopathology by means of new computational techniques that can be integrated with dynamic factor analysis.
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Coplan, Robert J., Junsheng Liu, Laura L. Ooi, Xinyin Chen, Dan Li, and Xuechen Ding. "A Person-Oriented Analysis of Social Withdrawal in Chinese Children." Social Development 25, no. 4 (March 2, 2016): 794–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sode.12181.

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von Eye, Alexander, G. Anne Bogat, and Jean E. Rhodes. "Variable-oriented and person-oriented perspectives of analysis: The example of alcohol consumption in adolescence." Journal of Adolescence 29, no. 6 (December 2006): 981–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.06.007.

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Vargha, András, Boglárka Torma, and Lars R. Bergman. "ROPstat: A general statistical package useful for conducting person-oriented analysis." Journal for Person-Oriented Research 1, no. 1-2 (February 20, 2015): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2015.09.

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8

Bartko, W. Todd, and Jacquelynne S. Eccles. "Adolescent Participation in Structured and Unstructured Activities: A Person-Oriented Analysis." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 32, no. 4 (August 2003): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1023056425648.

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Huey, Melissa, Cody Hiatt, Brett Laursen, William J. Burk, and Kenneth Rubin. "Mother–adolescent conflict types and adolescent adjustment: A person-oriented analysis." Journal of Family Psychology 31, no. 4 (June 2017): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0000294.

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10

Garcia, Danilo, Shane MacDonald, and Trevor Archer. "Two different approaches to the affective profiles model: median splits (variable-oriented) and cluster analysis (person-oriented)." PeerJ 3 (October 29, 2015): e1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1380.

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Background.The notion of the affective system as being composed of two dimensions led Archer and colleagues to the development of the affective profiles model. The model consists of four different profiles based on combinations of individuals’ experience of high/low positive and negative affect: self-fulfilling, low affective, high affective, and self-destructive. During the past 10 years, an increasing number of studies have used this person-centered model as the backdrop for the investigation of between and within individual differences in ill-being and well-being. The most common approach to this profiling is by dividing individuals’ scores of self-reported affect using the median of the population as reference for high/low splits. However, scores just-above and just-below the median might become high and low by arbitrariness, not by reality. Thus, it is plausible to criticize the validity of this variable-oriented approach. Our aim was to compare the median splits approach with a person-oriented approach, namely, cluster analysis.Method.The participants (N= 2, 225) were recruited through Amazons’ Mechanical Turk and asked to self-report affect using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule. We compared the profiles’homogeneityandSilhouette coefficientsto discern differences in homogeneity and heterogeneity between approaches. We also conducted exact cell-wise analyses matching the profiles from both approaches and matching profiles and gender to investigate profiling agreement with respect to affectivity levels and affectivity and gender. All analyses were conducted using the ROPstat software.Results.The cluster approach (weighted average of clusterhomogeneity coefficients= 0.62,Silhouette coefficients= 0.68) generated profiles with greater homogeneity and more distinctive from each other compared to the median splits approach (weighted average of clusterhomogeneity coefficients= 0.75,Silhouette coefficients= 0.59). Most of the participants (n= 1,736, 78.0%) were allocated to the same profile (Rand Index= .83), however, 489 (21.98%) were allocated to different profiles depending on the approach. Both approaches allocated females and males similarly in three of the four profiles. Only the cluster analysis approach classified men significantly more often than chance to a self-fulfilling profile (type) and females less often than chance to this very same profile (antitype).Conclusions.Although the question whether one approach is more appropriate than the other is still without answer, the cluster method allocated individuals to profiles that are more in accordance with the conceptual basis of the model and also to expected gender differences. More importantly, regardless of the approach, our findings suggest that the model mirrors a complex and dynamic adaptive system.
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Coplan, Robert J., Julie Wilson, Sherri L. Frohlick, and John Zelenski. "A person-oriented analysis of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation in children." Personality and Individual Differences 41, no. 5 (October 2006): 917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.019.

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Ratelle, Catherine F., Frédéric Guay, Robert J. Vallerand, Simon Larose, and Caroline Senécal. "Autonomous, controlled, and amotivated types of academic motivation: A person-oriented analysis." Journal of Educational Psychology 99, no. 4 (2007): 734–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.4.734.

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Nurius, Paula S., Rebecca J. Macy, Ijeoma Nwabuzor, and Victoria L. Holt. "Intimate Partner Survivors’ Help-Seeking and Protection Efforts: A Person-Oriented Analysis." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 3 (May 6, 2010): 539–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260510363422.

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14

Gaudreau, Patrick, Adam Nicholls, and Andrew R. Levy. "The Ups and Downs of Coping and Sport Achievement: An Episodic Process Analysis of Within-Person Associations." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 32, no. 3 (June 2010): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.3.298.

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This study examined the relationship between coping and sport achievement at the within-person level of analysis. Fifty-four golfers completed diary measures of coping, stress, and sport achievement after six consecutive rounds of golf. Results of hierarchical linear modeling revealed golfers’ episodic task-oriented coping and disengagement-oriented coping were associated, respectively, with their better and worst levels of subjective and objective achievement. Distraction-oriented coping was not significantly associated with achievement. These results were obtained after accounting for between-subjects differences in ability level and for within-person variations in perceived stress across both practice and competitive golf rounds. These results contribute to an emerging literature on the relationship between coping and sport achievement, and highlight the promises of an episodic process model of sport achievement to understand the transient self-regulatory factors associated with within-person variations in athletic achievement.
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Bergman, Lars R., and Margit Wångby. "The person-oriented approach: A short theoretical and practical guide." Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakiri. Estonian Journal of Education 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/eha.2014.2.1.02b.

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A short overview of the person-oriented approach is given as a guide to the researcher interested in carrying out person-oriented research. Theoretical, methodological, and practical considerations of the approach are discussed. First, some historical roots are traced, followed by a description of the holisticinteractionistic research paradigm, which provided the general framework for the development of the modern person-oriented approach. The approach has both a theoretical and a methodological facet and after presenting its key theoretical tenets, an overview is given of some common person-oriented methods. Central to the person-oriented approach is a system view with its components together forming a pattern regarded as indivisible. This pattern should be understood and studied as a whole, not broken up into pieces (variables) that are studied as separate entities. Hence, usually methodological tools are used by which whole patterns are analysed (e.g. cluster analysis). An empirical example is given where the pattern development of school grades is studied.
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Gotwals, John K. "Perfectionism and Burnout Within Intercollegiate Sport: A Person-Oriented Approach." Sport Psychologist 25, no. 4 (December 2011): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.25.4.489.

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This study investigates the functional nature of perfectionism in sport through a person-oriented comparison of healthy and unhealthy perfectionist athletes’ levels of burnout. A sample of 117 intercollegiate varsity student-athletes (M age = 21.28 years, SD = 2.05) completed measures that assessed multidimensional sport-based perfectionism and athlete burnout indices (i.e., reduced accomplishment, sport devaluation, and emotional/physical exhaustion). Cluster analysis revealed that the sample could be represented by four theoretically meaningful clusters: Parent-Oriented Unhealthy Perfectionists, Doubt-Oriented Unhealthy Perfectionists, Healthy Perfectionists, and Non-Perfectionists. Intercluster comparisons revealed that healthy perfectionists reported (a) lower levels on all athlete burnout indices in comparison with both doubt-oriented unhealthy perfectionists and nonperfectionists and (b) lower levels of emotional/physical exhaustion in comparison with parent-oriented unhealthy perfectionists (all ps < .05). The degree to which findings fit within perfectionism/burnout theory and can serve as an example for research with enhanced relevancy to applied sport psychology contexts is discussed.
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Ning, Hoi Kwan. "Singapore Primary Students’ Pursuit of Multiple Achievement Goals: A Latent Profile Analysis." Journal of Early Adolescence 38, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616665214.

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Based on measures of approach and avoidance mastery and performance goals delineated in the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework, this study utilized a person-centered approach to examine Singapore primary students’ ( N = 819) multiple goals pursuit in the general school context. Latent profile analysis identified six types of students with distinct patterns of achievement goal motivation: high goal-oriented (strong multiple goals), average goal-oriented (moderate multiple goals), low goal-oriented (weak multiple goals), performance and approach-oriented (high mastery- and performance-approach, high performance-avoidance, low mastery-avoidance), approach-oriented (high mastery- and performance-approach, low mastery- and performance-avoidance), and mastery-oriented (moderate mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance, low performance-approach and performance-avoidance). Significant profile differences were detected in various measures of deep and surface learning strategies, metacognitive strategies, and mathematics test performance. The high goal-oriented profile appeared to be the most adaptive in relation to these learning outcomes, followed by the performance and approach-oriented, the mastery-oriented, and the approach-oriented profiles.
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Ching, Boby Ho-Hong, Hannah Xiaohan Wu, and Tiffany Ting Chen. "Maternal achievement-oriented psychological control: Implications for adolescent academic contingent self-esteem and mathematics anxiety." International Journal of Behavioral Development 45, no. 3 (January 7, 2021): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025420981638.

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Using random intercept cross-lagged panel analysis, this study examined the longitudinal relations of mathematics anxiety to maternal achievement-oriented psychological control and academic contingent self-esteem in 336 Chinese adolescents from the age of 13 to 17. Results showed that, at the between-person level, adolescents who perceived their mothers as more psychologically controlling in achievement domains over time were also the ones with higher levels of academic contingent self-esteem and mathematics anxiety, compared with other adolescents. Our within-person analyses are in line with the within-person hypotheses that underline self-determination theory: adolescents’ perceptions of maternal achievement-oriented psychological control were linked to mathematics anxiety through academic contingent self-esteem. We also found that the association between maternal achievement-oriented psychological control and mathematics anxiety was bidirectional, which supports the transactional perspective of parental influence. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating potential processes and reciprocal associations involved in parental psychological control, academic contingent self-esteem, and mathematics anxiety.
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Van de Velde, Dominique, Freya De Zutter, Ton Satink, Ursula Costa, Sara Janquart, Daniela Senn, and Patricia De Vriendt. "Delineating the concept of self-management in chronic conditions: a concept analysis." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027775.

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ObjectivesSelf-management is a concept frequently used within healthcare but lacks consensus. It is the aim of this study to clarify the concept.DesignConcept analysis according to Walker and Avant, comprises eight steps: select concept, determine purpose, identify uses, determine defining attributes, identify model case, identify additional cases, identify antecedents and consequences and define empirical referents. Sources used: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.ResultsTen attributes delineating the concept have been identified and organised into three groups. Group (a): person-oriented attributes: the person must (1) actively take part in the care process, (2) take responsibility for the care process and (3) have a positive way of coping with adversity. Group (b): person-environment-oriented attributes: (4) the person must be informed about the condition, disease and treatment and self-management, (5) should be individualised, which entails expressing needs, values and priorities, (6) requires openness to ensure a reciprocal partnership with healthcare providers and (7) demands openness to social support. Finally, Group (c): summarising attributes: self-management (8) is a lifetime task, (9) assumes personal skills and (10) encompasses the medical, role and emotional management.ConclusionsThe findings of this study recognise the complexity of the concept, but also show the need for further investigation to make the concept more measurable. Clarity about the concept will enhance understanding and facilitate implementation in self-management programmes for chronic conditions.
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VON EYE, ALEXANDER, and LARS R. BERGMAN. "Research strategies in developmental psychopathology: Dimensional identity and the person-oriented approach." Development and Psychopathology 15, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 553–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579403000294.

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This article deals with alternative research strategies for developmental psychopathology. It argues that most applications of statistical methods in empirical research are variable centered, not person oriented. As a result, conclusions are often drawn that fail to do justice to the diverse nature of populations. It is recommended that we take seriously the importance of the implications of data aggregation. The difficulties of making inferences from a more aggregated level of analysis to a less aggregated level are explained and exemplified. We explain that a set of variables displays dimensional identity if the variable relationships remain unchanged across the levels or categories of other variables. Data examples of intelligence divergence and of Child Behavior Checklist subpopulation differences show that lack of dimensional identity can lead to incorrect conclusions. Schmitz' theorems on aggregation and the validity of results at the aggregate level for individuals are illustrated using data from a study on the development of alcoholism and discussed from a person-oriented perspective. Statistical methods suitable for person-oriented data analysis are reviewed.
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Lіtіnska, Olena. "Development of key competences of junior bachelors specialised in the Humanities within the person-oriented educational paradigm." Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky 2020, no. 1 (130) (February 7, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2020-1-4.

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The article describes the peculiarities of implementation of the person-oriented paradigm at an establishment of higher education. It has been established that the person-oriented teaching is based on such an organization of the interaction between the subjects of the teaching / learning process, when the maximum possible conditions for the development of this process participants’ abilities of self-education, self-determination, independence and self-realization in the sphere of professional activity are created. The purpose of the article is to characterize the person-oriented educational paradigm as a major component of the development of the key competences of junior bachelors specialised in the Humanities. The objectives of the study are as follows: to clarify the content of the concepts “person-oriented teaching”, “person-oriented approach"; to formulate conceptual features of the person-oriented education at an establishment of higher education under modern conditions; to specify the content of the process of the development of the key competences of junior bachelors specialised in the Humanities through the prism of the person-oriented approach. To achieve the aim of the study and to solve the designated issues, to check the starting points in the research, a set of methods of theoretical and empirical nature is used: analysis of scientific literature on the research topic; data collection and diagnostics; comparative and prognostic methods. It is summarized that the person-oriented approach is a methodological position in the pedagogical sphere which relies on a system of interconnected concepts and ideas, forms and methods, and allows providing the processes of person’s self-discovery, self-improvement and self-realization, as well as the development of his / her uniqueness and individuality. When using this approach at a higher education institution, the tertiary teacher focuses on the student's personality, making major efforts for his / her development. Thus, according to the new educational paradigm, the education results are not knowledge, skills or abilities. The main education results are competences. The development of competences is now taking place in the context of each student's orientation towards creating his or her own individual educational trajectory. It is summarized that the individual educational trajectory of junior bachelors specialised in the Humanities is a person’s individual way of self-realization in the process of learning, which is manifested in conscious decision-making and choosing the best variants of acting.
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Ceri-Booms, Meltem. "Context and person-oriented leader in teams: a meta-analytical review." Team Performance Management: An International Journal 26, no. 1/2 (March 12, 2020): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-11-2019-0111.

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Purpose The research studies the role of contextual moderating variables on the relationship between person-oriented leadership behaviors (POLBs) and team performance. The authors claim that the varying effect sizes between POLBs and team performance are large because of the context the team is functioning in. Therefore, based on the framework of Johns (2006), this paper aims to investigate the moderating role of the relevant demographic (leader gender), social (in-group collectivism and team size), task (skill differentiation) and methodological (common method bias and the rater of the team performance) contextual variables in the study. Design/methodology/approach The authors accumulated evidence from 48 independent primary studies (N team = 4,276) to run the meta-analytic analyses. The authors followed the procedures described by Schmidt and Hunter (2015). For the categorical moderators, the analyzes were aided by the Hunter–Schmidt meta-analysis programs (2.0) (Schmidt and Le, 2014), which is an interactive software using a random-effects model. In the analyzes for the continuous moderators, the authors used Lipsey and Wilson’s (2001) statistical package for the social sciences macros and run meta-regressions using a random-effects model with unrestricted maximum likelihood. Findings The results indicate that the relationship weakens when female leaders exhibit these behaviors and when the team size increases. On the other hand, in-group collectivism strengthens the relationship. The study also found that the common method bias and the assessment method of the team performance are significant moderators altering the relationship. Practical implications The study highlights the perceptual differences and biases based on leader gender. Acknowledging these biases may help practitioners to appreciate the female qualities in leadership and decrease the undervaluation of female effectiveness. To create high-performing teams, leaders in high in-group collectivist countries are expected to develop a family feeling in the team by showing their concern for personal issues and build close interpersonal relationships. Researchers should use multiple sources to assess the predictor and criterion variables and also opt for more objective assessment methods for team performance. Originality/value With this study, the authors follow a substantively different perspective compared to the past meta-analytic reviews on this relationship. Rather than testing the inquiry whether there is a relationship between the two variables, the authors specifically focus on the role of contextual moderating variables. Several researchers have acknowledged that contextual considerations are critical in leadership-team performance research. Nevertheless, the body of research remains to be not cohesive. Thus, the study answers a call in the leadership area for a more context-based and cohesive understanding of the effects of leadership on team performance.
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Chen, Yi-Lung, Wan-Ling Tseng, Li-Kuang Yang, and Susan Shur-Fen Gau. "Gender and Age Differences in Sleep Problems in Children: Person-Oriented Approach With Multigroup Analysis." Behavioral Sleep Medicine 17, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2017.1357117.

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von Eye, Alexander, Eun Young Mun, and G. Anne Bogat. "Temporal patterns of variable relationships in person-oriented research: Longitudinal models of configural frequency analysis." Developmental Psychology 44, no. 2 (March 2008): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.437.

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Lahti, Henri, Nelli Lyyra, Lauri Hietajärvi, Jari Villberg, and Leena Paakkari. "Profiles of Internet Use and Health in Adolescence: A Person-Oriented Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136972.

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(1) Background: Internet use has become an integral part of adolescents’ daily lives. It is important to understand how adolescents use the internet, and how this use is associated with demographic factors and health from a person-oriented perspective. (2) Methods: The study applied the Finnish nationally representative HBSC data (persons aged 11, 13, and 15, n = 3408), descriptive observation, latent class analysis, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. (3) Results: Entertainment activities (listening to music) and socially oriented activities (liking posts, talking online) were the most prevalent among adolescents, but gender differences emerged. Five different internet user profiles were identified (encompassing interest-driven, friendship-driven, abstinent, irregular, and excessive users). Interest-driven users participated in interest- and media-oriented activities. Adolescents in the interest-driven user group were more likely to be boys and participants with low academic achievement, high parental monitoring, and high problematic social media use. Friendship-driven users participated in socially oriented activities. Adolescents in the friendship-driven user group were more likely to be girls and participants aged 13 or 15, with high peer and family support. Abstinent users participated only in entertainment, while irregular users showed no particularly high involvement in any internet activity. Adolescents in the abstinent and irregular user groups were likely to be boys and participants aged 11 with high family support. Excessive users had high involvement in internet activities overall. Adolescents in the excessive user group were more likely to be participants with high problematic social media use and were most likely to feel low and tired on school mornings. (4) Conclusion: The study confirmed the prevalence of internet use. It identified five internet user profiles and differences between user profiles regarding individual and social factors and health outcomes.
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Kaniušonytė, Goda, and Brett Laursen. "Parenting styles revisited: A longitudinal person-oriented assessment of perceived parent behavior." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, no. 1 (September 23, 2020): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520960818.

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The pernicious consequences of parent psychological control are well-established. Parenting style classification schemes, however, typically exclude this behavioral practice, focusing instead on demandingness and responsiveness. The present study applies a person-oriented approach to the classification of parenting styles, taking into account psychological control. Lithuanian adolescents (239 girls, 215 boys; M age = 15.14 at the outset) completed questionnaires at annual intervals across high school, describing parent behavioral control, support, and psychological control. Longitudinal multidimensional latent class growth analysis (LCGA) yielded four parenting style categories. Two conventional groups emerged: authoritative (highest behavioral control and support, lowest psychological control) and indulgent (high support, low behavioral control, lowest psychological control). Two additional groups emerged in lieu of an authoritarian category: enmeshed (high behavioral control and psychological control, intermediate support) and affectively controlling (highest psychological control, lowest behavioral control and support). Children of authoritative parents reported favorable adjustment on a host of indicators, including behavior problems, school engagement, character, self-esteem and interpersonal caring and connection; children of affectively controlling parents reported the poorest adjustment on all variables measured.
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Andvig, Ellen, and Stian Biong. "Recovery oriented conversations in a milieu therapeutic setting." International Practice Development Journal 4, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19043/ipdj.41.006.

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Background: Norwegian health authorities place emphasis on recovery oriented practices in mental health services. Recovery is described as an active process with a focus on personal resources and supportive contexts. In the recovery process, the relationship between the person and the carer is of great importance. Conversation is a meaningful approach for developing a trusting relationship. Conversation also has importance in itself, because it establishes the foundation for human contact and gives the client the opportunity to be acknowledged as a person. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe and explore what health professionals focused on in recovery oriented conversations with patients in a Norwegian mental healthcare centre. Methods: This study was part of an action research project and had a qualitative and explorative design. Data were collected in multistage focus groups and were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: The findings highlighted the prerequisites for conversation, the content of conversation and different views on the topics of conversation. Conclusions: The findings contribute knowledge about what promotes or inhibits recovery oriented conversations. Such conversations focus on the patients’ everyday life, appreciating them as actors in their own lives, and facilitate shared decision making processes and working with hope. The study demonstrates that individual, cultural and contextual aspects play an important part in recovery oriented conversations. Implications for practice: Practice development involves acknowledging and re-evaluating the possibilities for using conversations with patients as an approach and as a tool in person-centred and recovery oriented practices Relational competence is an essential part of enhancing recovery oriented conversation, and needs to be attended to in skills training and competence building Awareness and critical analysis of the clinical context is important to promote an active and participative patient role. Authoritarian cultures with concern about what is permitted or not may well be a barrier to shared decision making
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Williams, Ian A. "Towards a target-oriented model for quantitative contrastive analysis in translation studies." Languages in Contrast 6, no. 1 (June 23, 2006): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.6.1.02wil.

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This paper describes the design of a 192-text Spanish-English specialized corpus of biomedical research articles (RAs) divided into three 64-text subcorpora (English texts, their corresponding Spanish translations, and Spanish comparable texts) for use in quantitative contrastive analysis. The paper also presents an exploratory study analysing theme–rheme structure in these subcorpora. Two definitions of theme were used: Halliday’s ideational theme and preverbal theme (i.e., all clause constituents before the finite verb of the main clause). The study adopted a target-oriented approach and assessed the acceptability of the translated texts with regard to the statistical norm of the comparable native-speaker Spanish subcorpus. Statistically significant differences were found for marked theme and its different syntactic manifestations (prepositional phrase adjunct and subordinate clauses) and there was evidence of a different thematic distribution within the semantic category person (researcher, patient, first person). The most striking results were found for different measures of theme length, suggesting a consistent information overload in the thematic zone in the whole RA and in the individual rhetorical sections except for the Introduction. The translated texts occupy a kind of no-man’s land half-way between the source articles and the independently created Spanish RAs. A refined three-stage model of the study design is proposed for future target-oriented quantitative and qualitative research into translation.
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Jain, Ajay K. "Volunteerism, affective commitment and citizenship behavior." Journal of Managerial Psychology 31, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-02-2014-0042.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of altruistic and egoistic motives with person- and organization-oriented citizenship behaviors as mediated by affective commitment. The author hypothesized that altruistic motives are positively associated with person-oriented citizenship behavior and affective commitment while egoistic motives are positively associated with organization-oriented citizenship behavior and negatively associated with affective commitment. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from 248 middle and senior managers from 20 different locations of a power generation organization in India. Self- and other reported method were used to collect the data by administering the questionnaires. Findings – Results of structural equation analysis have supported, with some exception, the hypotheses. Affective commitment has mediated the relationship between motives and both forms of citizenship behavior. However, altruistic motives had shown a negative relationship with affective commitment and had a positive relationship with person-oriented citizenship behavior. Meanwhile, egoistic motives had a positive relationship with affective commitment and organization-oriented citizenship behavior. Practical implications – Results suggest that organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) per se is not important rather motives play an important role during the performance appraisal process. Further there is a differential impact of altruistic and egoistic motives on employees’ attitude and behavior, and both can coexist in this process. Originality/value – This is the first study on the relationship of motives, affective commitment and OCBs in India.
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Jang, Eunice Eunhee, Susanne P. Lajoie, Maryam Wagner, Zhenhua Xu, Eric Poitras, and Laura Naismith. "Person-Oriented Approaches to Profiling Learners in Technology-Rich Learning Environments for Ecological Learner Modeling." Journal of Educational Computing Research 55, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 552–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633116678995.

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Technology-rich learning environments (TREs) provide opportunities for learners to engage in complex interactions involving a multitude of cognitive, metacognitive, and affective states. Understanding learners’ distinct learning progressions in TREs demand inquiry approaches that employ well-conceived theoretical accounts of these multiple facets. The present study investigated learners’ interactions with BioWorld, a TRE developed to guide students’ clinical reasoning through diagnoses of simulated patients. We applied person-oriented analytic methods to multimodal data including verbal protocols, questionnaires, and computer logs from 78 task solutions. Latent class analysis, clustering methods, and latent profile analysis followed by logistic regression analyses revealed that students’ clinical diagnosis ability was positively correlated with advanced self-regulated learning behaviors, high confidence and cognitive strategy use, critical attention to experts’ feedback, and their positive emotional responses to feedback. The study results have the potential to contribute to a theory-guided approach to designing TREs with a data-driven assessment of multidimensional growth. Building on the study results, we introduce and discuss an ecological learner model for assessing multidimensional learner traits which can be used to design a TRE for adaptive scaffolding.
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Van Herck, Rebecca, Babette Dobbenie, and Sofie Decock. "Person- versus content-oriented approaches in English and German email responses to customer complaints: a cross-cultural analysis of moves and first-person pronouns." Intercultural Pragmatics 18, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 203–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2021-2003.

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Abstract This cross-cultural study examines the differences in communicative styles between English and German email responses to customer complaints by analysing their discourse structure (through a rhetorical move analysis) and the frequency of first-person references (I and we and their different forms). The framework is given by House (House, Juliane. 2006. Communicative styles in English and German. European Journal of English Studies 10(3). 249–267.), who suggests that English speakers tend to use a more interpersonal (i.e., people-oriented) communicative style, while German speakers show a preference for a transactional (i.e., content-oriented) style. In addition, first-person references within the genre of email responses to complaints are associated with either the customer service agent’s personal or corporate identity. The data consist of 150 English and 84 German authentic emails. The results of the move analysis reveal that the discourse structure of both data sets is mainly similar, but the few differences point into the direction of support for House’s framework, in particular the dimension on addressee- or content-orientation. Although agents generally use more we than I-references in both data sets, thus exhibiting mainly a corporate identity, they tend to use the opposite in some moves (e.g., Apology), which points to pronominal shifting across move level, as suggested in previous research (Zhang, Yi & Camilla Vásquez. 2014. Hotels’ responses to online reviews: Managing consumer dissatisfaction. Discourse, Context and Media 6. 54–64.). Overall, the German agents use more we-references compared to their British colleagues. Finally, agents use pronominal shifting within move level to distance themselves from the company.
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Rustam Mohd Rameli, Mohd, Azlina Mohd Kosnin, Yeo Kee Jiar, and Zakiah Mohamad Ashari. "Cluster analysis on Malaysian student’s achievement goals orientation in mathematics from multiple goal perspective." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.10 (April 2, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10967.

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This study examined students’ achievement goal orientation by applying multiple goals perspective in learning Mathematics. This person-centered approach study involved 969 Malaysian upper secondary school students from 20 selected schools. Results of correlational analysis showed that all the four goal orientations (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance) correlated moderately (r=.151-.475) to each other. This suggests that students could adopt more than one goal orientation simultaneously. By means of cluster analysis, the notion of simultaneous adoption of goal orientations is supported from which five distinct clusters were extracted, namely mastery-oriented (mean value is higher for the mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance goal), approach-oriented (mean value is higher for mastery and performance-avoidance goal), avoidance-oriented (mean value is higher for mastery and performance-approach goal), demotivated (low mean value for all types of goals) and success-oriented (high mean value for all types of goals). Success-oriented cluster had the highest frequency of students (f=271, 28.0%) while only 3.6% (f=35) of the students were in the demotivated cluster. This study extends the knowledge of how students adopt multiple goals in Mathematics learning. The results have significant impact on mathematics education context of Malaysia.
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Chung, Yang Woon, Seunghee Im, and Jung Eun Kim. "The Role of Volunteer Participation and Person-Organization Fit in the Relationship between Motives and Psychological Well-Being." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010330.

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(1) Background: Studies have been limited in explaining how volunteering acts as underlying mechanisms that associate the antecedents and outcomes of volunteering. This study aims to investigate whether volunteer participation mediates the relationship between motives (self-oriented and other-oriented) and psychological well-being, and further whether person-organizational (PO)-fit moderates the relationship between motives and volunteer participation. (2) Methods: Data were collected from full-time employees in organizations in South Korea using a self-administered instrument. To test the hypotheses, hierarchical regression analyses and path analyses were conducted. (3) Results: Volunteer participation showed a significant mediating effect only for the relationship between other-oriented motives and psychological well-being. PO fit showed a significant moderating role, and further analysis revealed that the mediated moderation of PO-fit was significant. (4) Conclusions: Results suggest that employees with other-oriented motives and PO fit were more likely to participate in volunteer activities, which then increased one’s psychological well-being. Findings provide insights for HR practitioners regarding employee volunteering programs.
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Garg, Shilpa, Sumit Mittal, and Pardeep Kumar. "Performance Analysis of Face Recognition Techniques for Feature Extraction." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 3830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8257.

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Due to increasing applications which need security, face is the most natural way to recognize the person. This paper presents the performance analysis of different face recognition techniques. Linear Binary Pattern (LBP), Gabor Wavelet, Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) techniques are used for feature extraction on two standard databases of images i.e., ORL and Yale Face database. Then Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied for feature selection with six different distance metric functions, Cosine, Euclidean, Correlation, Cityblock, Spearman and Minkowski for similarity matching of images.
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Vargha, András, Lars R. Bergman, and Szabolcs Takács. "Performing Cluster Analysis Within a Person-Oriented Context: Some Methods for Evaluating the Quality of Cluster Solutions." Journal for Person-Oriented Research 2, no. 1-2 (April 22, 2016): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2016.08.

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Thomas, Elizabeth C., Katie E. Despeaux, Amy L. Drapalski, and Melanie Bennett. "Person-Oriented Recovery of Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: A Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Findings." Psychiatric Services 69, no. 3 (March 2018): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700058.

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Lu, Jia, Jun Shen, Wei Qi Yan, and Boris Bačić. "An Empirical Study for Human Behavior Analysis." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 9, no. 3 (July 2017): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2017070102.

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This paper presents an empirical study for human behavior analysis based on three distinct feature extraction techniques: Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Scale Invariant Local Ternary Pattern (SILTP). The utilised public videos representing spatio-temporal problem area of investigation include INRIA person detection and Weizmann pedestrian activity datasets. For INRIA dataset, both LBP and HOG were able to eliminate redundant video data and show human-intelligible feature visualisation of extracted features required for classification tasks. However, for Weizmann dataset only HOG feature extraction was found to work well with classifying five selected activities/exercises (walking, running, skipping, jumping and jacking).
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Sumiyarto, Nanang, Evanila Silvia, and Yessy Rosalina. "PRIMARY PACKAGING SELECTION AND VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS FOR BELEDANG FISH CRACKER." Jurnal Agroindustri 3, no. 1 (May 29, 2013): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.3.1.14-22.

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The research objective is to examine the best materials of primary packaging for beledang fish crackers and measure its value added. The packaging used in the research are plastic PP (Polypropylene) with a thickness of 0.09 mm, rigid LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) plastic with a thickness of 0.36 mm, OPP multilayer (Oriented Polypropylene) with a thickness of 0.06 mm, aluminum foil packaging with a thickness of 0.04 mm and plastic vacuum with a thickness of 0.02 mm. Respondents in the study were experts respondents consist of one academic person in food packaging subject, one practitioners in food industry (owners of the fish industry beledang chips) and three person of BPPOM practitioners in Bengkulu. The results showed that rigid LDPE plastic is considered to be the best packaging. The value-added on beledang fish crackers for using rigid LDPE plastic is 51504.48 USD / kg or increase of 49.05%.
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Renvik, Tuuli Anna, Joel Manner, Raivo Vetik, David L. Sam, and Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti. "Citizenship and socio-political integration: A person-oriented analysis among Russian-speaking minorities in Estonia, Finland and Norway." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v8i1.1140.

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This survey study utilized a person-oriented approach to explore the patterns of socio-political integration among Russian-speaking minority group members in three neighboring countries in the Baltic area: Estonia (n = 482), Finland (n = 252), and Norway (n = 215). Three profiles were obtained in all countries: critical integration, separation, and assimilation. In the whole sample, critical integration was the most common acculturation profile. After the profiles were established, they were examined vis-à-vis citizenship and integration context to see, whether and to what extent, the objective (i.e., citizenship) and subjective (i.e., perceived social status and sense of belonging) socio-political integration of Russian-speakers corresponded with each other. Critical integration and separation were the most common profiles among participants holding national citizenship of the country of residence, while foreign citizenship was not related to any specific profile. Separation was rare among participants holding dual citizenship, but it was the most common profile among participants with undetermined citizenship. Also, intergroup context was associated with socio-political integration: critical integration and separation were the most common profiles of Russian-speakers in Estonia, critical integration and assimilation profiles in Finland, and assimilation profile in Norway. The results are discussed in relation to previous variable-oriented research and official integration policies of the countries studied.
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Eye, Alexander von, Eun Young Mun, and G. Anne Bogat. "Temporal Patterns of Variable Relationships in Person-Oriented Research: Prediction and Auto-Association Models of Configural Frequency Analysis." Applied Developmental Science 13, no. 4 (October 23, 2009): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10888690903287864.

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ERENTAITĖ, RASA, LARS R. BERGMAN, and RITA ŽUKAUSKIENĖ. "Cross-contextual stability of bullying victimization: A person-oriented analysis of cyber and traditional bullying experiences among adolescents." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00935.x.

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Vasilyev, L. G., and A. N. Eremin. "ON FORMING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE IN PHILOLOGIGAL EDUCATION." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 29, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9550-2019-29-3-329-335.

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Problem statement. In realization of the person-oriented approach to higher education, one of its important aspects is often left unattended; namely, it is discrepancy between result-oriented formulation of competencies in federal educational standards and teacher’s activity aimed at processes of forming competence in students. Forming competence of a concrete discipline is reflexive that needs explication. The person-oriented approach in philological education presupposes forming a collective subject-oriented encyclopedic base - first in a teacher, then - in a student. The base can be formed by using traditional methods of research. The professional component of the person orientation can consist in the teacher’s choice of the amount and distribution of teaching material depending on a total amount of academic hours and on a concrete part of the competence formed. The pedagogical component is connected with the analysis of content of contact hours which determine optimal regard of personological parameters of the students as well as their reproduction-production skills. Purpose. The article is aimed at formulating an approach to forming professional competence of a future pedagogue of philology; the approach is based on the symbiosis of the principles of self-realization and of the classical approach to language teaching. Results. Principally important is a relation-activity idea providing for priority of the contentive factor in forming students’ professional competences. Detailed account is given to opportunities of reflexivisation of the Russian-language lexical representation of the logical notions ‘cause’, ‘result’, ‘purpose’, ‘concession’. Lexemic components of the manifestation of the concepts mentioned are described, which enhances the level of both teacher’s and student’s professional competence.
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Stemmler, Mark, Jörg-Henrik Heine, and Susanne Wallner. "Person-centered data analysis with covariates and the R-package confreq." Methodology 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/meth.2865.

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Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) is a useful statistical method for the analysis of multiway contingency tables and an appropriate tool for person-oriented or person-centered methods. In complex contingency tables, patterns or configurations are analyzed by comparing observed cell frequencies with expected frequencies. Significant differences between observed and expected frequencies lead to the emergence of Types and Antitypes. Types are patterns or configurations which are significantly more often observed than the expected frequencies; Antitypes represent configurations which are observed less frequently than expected. The R-package confreq is an easy-to-use software for conducting CFAs; another useful shareware to run CFAs was developed by Alexander von Eye. Here, CFA is presented based on the log-linear modeling approach. CFA may be used together with interval level variables which can be added as covariates into the design matrix. In this article, a real data example and the use of confreq are presented. In sum, the use of a covariate may bring the estimated cell frequencies closer to the observed cell frequencies. In those cases, the number of Types or Antitypes may decrease. However, in rare cases, the Type-Antitype pattern can change with new emerging Types or Antitypes.
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Wang, Yu, and E. N. Remchukova. "Confucianism in China’s Nationally Oriented Advertising Text." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-8-149-169.

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The article is devoted to the multimodal analysis of the representation of the national-cultural phenomenon “Confucianism” in the field of advertising in modern China on the examples of nationally-oriented advertising texts of different thematic varieties. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of preserving and continuing the heritage of Confucianism in modern Chinese society, especially in the media space. Particular attention is paid to the multimodal analysis of verbal and non-verbal means of expressing the key concept of Confucianism “five constancies of a righteous person” in Chinese nationally oriented advertising texts. It is shown that the concept of “five permanencies” as one of the important components of Confucianism gets its continuation in the field of advertising in modern China, develops in accordance with the social life of the Chinese people in the modern era. It has been established that the use of the Confucian idea of the five permanencies of a righteous person can be considered as one of the most important and effective ways to create advertising with the aim of influencing the target audience of the Chinese domestic market. The conclusions and results of the study allow us to get a general idea of the concept of the five constancies of Confucianism, as well as the practice of its application as methods of manipulating public consciousness in modern Chinese advertising, which is of great importance for sinological research in various scientific fields.
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Doron, Julie, and Patrick Gaudreau. "A Point-by-Point Analysis of Performance in a Fencing Match: Psychological Processes Associated with Winning and Losing Streaks." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 36, no. 1 (February 2014): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0043.

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This study aimed to revisit the complex nature of serial dependency of performance during a match, examining the prospective associations between psychological processes and subsequent performance at the within-person level of analysis, and explore whether psychological processes are associated with the likelihood of winning series of points. A process-oriented sequential approach was used with 16 elite fencers during a simulated competition. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that serial dependency of performance fluctuates within a match. Results of a Bayesian multilevel structural equation model showed that prior performance subsequently influenced psychological processes. Although psychological processes did not predict performance in the subsequent point, successive winnings were associated with higher perceived control and task-oriented coping and lower negative affectivity compared with both losing streaks and nonstreaks. Overall, serial dependencies of performance are nonstationary during a match whereas psychological processes significantly differ in episodes of winning after winning versus losing after losing.
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Shtepa, Olena. "CHARACTERISTICS AND PRINCIPLES OF RESOURCE-ORIENTED TEACHING." Journal of Education Culture and Society 6, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20152.151.160.

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This article addresses the problem of professional training of future psychologists. It is assumed that it is possible to find an optimal correlation between the acquisition of special knowledge and the formation of personal readiness of psychologists for professional activity. As demonstrated in the article, the character of this correlation depends on the use of a specific method of teaching, and more specifically, the conception of teaching oriented towards forming certain personal qualities. For the efficient education of psychologists it is necessary to make a systemic analysis of expected personal changes in the process and as a result of teaching them. In theory we are realizing an analysis of expected personal changes in the process and the result of teaching them in following modern conceptions of teaching: of programmed teaching, of problem-based teaching, of euristic teaching, of developing teaching, of media-education, of interactive teaching, of active social and psychological teaching, of person-oriented teaching, of experiential teaching. In this paper the author analyzes the main principles of resource-oriented teaching. Resource-oriented teaching creates the ground for the optimal combination of the requirements of professional preparation and personal development of psychology students.
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Choi, Yoonsun, Kevin Poh Hiong Tan, Miwa Yasui, and Hyeouk Chris Hahm. "Advancing Understanding of Acculturation for Adolescents of Asian Immigrants: Person-Oriented Analysis of Acculturation Strategy Among Korean American Youth." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45, no. 7 (May 4, 2016): 1380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0496-0.

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Kropovnitsky, Oleg V. "CORRELATION OF COPE-STRATEGIES, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION OF ACHIEVEMENT AT MANAGERS." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 4 (2018): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2018-4-541-549.

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The article focuses on the theoretical and empirical analysis of the concepts of coping strategy, locus of control (internality-externality), and achievement motivation. Different points of view on coping strategies are considered, as well as achievement motivation and internality as professionally important characteristics of managers of the real sector of the economy. The structure of the interrelation between socio-psychological characteristics and coping strategies of managers is revealed. The correlations between coping strategies, locus of control, and achievement motivation have been studied. The results of the study of the relationship between coping strategies, locus of control and achievement motivation among managers made it possible to draw the following conclusions. Firstly, the higher the level of motivation for success, the greater the likelihood is that a person will use such coping strategies as planning of a solution to the problem, positive reassessment and problem-oriented coping. Secondly, the higher the level of motivation for avoiding failures, the more likely it is that a person, in the process of coping, will resort to such strategies as distancing, escape-avoidance, emotionally-oriented coping. Thirdly, the higher the level of the internal locus of control, the greater the probability of using such coping strategies as problem-solving planning, positive reassessment, and problem-oriented coping. Finally, the higher the level of the external locus of control, the greater the likelihood is of using such coping strategies as distancing, flight-avoidance, emotionally-oriented coping.
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Corlin, Tinna Elfstrand, and Ali Kazemi. "The older person as a client, customer or service user?" Working with Older People 24, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wwop-07-2019-0017.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe three different approaches to work in elderly care (i.e. professional, market-oriented and person-centred) and examine whether these theoretically derived approaches can be confirmed empirically. Additional aims were to examine the endorsement of these approaches and whether there were differences in the endorsement of these approaches in nursing home vs home care and municipality vs privately run care units. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey study of frontline care staff (n=1,342). Exploratory factor analysis was used to investigate the empirical validity of the proposed approaches to work in elderly care. A series of paired and independent samples t-tests were conducted to analyse mean differences between the proposed approaches to work. Findings A principal axis factoring analysis yielded three theoretically meaningful factors as proposed. These results indicated that the respondents were able to differentiate between three distinct but related approaches to work with older persons. The results also showed that the professional care approach was the highest endorsed and the market-oriented the lowest endorsed approach. No notable differences in approaches to work were observed in nursing home vs home care and municipality vs privately run care units. Originality/value This is the first study to examine multiple approaches to work in elderly care as previous research studies mainly have investigated the person-centred care approach. Current findings indicate that these approaches to work often coexist in various combinations and that the care staff adopts all these approaches but to varying degrees. The approaches differ in several important respects (e.g. legitimacy and view of the older person) and most likely affect the way care staff treats the older person and how the older person perceives their relationship with the care staff. Knowledge about these differences facilitates management of the care staff’s work situation and helps to improve the quality of care.
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Cummings, E. Mark, Laura K. Taylor, Christine E. Merrilees, Marcie C. Goeke-Morey, and Peter Shirlow. "Emotional insecurity in the family and community and youth delinquency in Northern Ireland: a person-oriented analysis across five waves." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 57, no. 1 (May 15, 2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12427.

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