Journal articles: 'Persistent cycle'

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French, Dorothy M., Terry F. McElwain, Travis C. McGuire, and Guy H. Palmer. "Expression of Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 2 Variants during Persistent Cyclic Rickettsemia." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1200–1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.3.1200-1207.1998.

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ABSTRACT Anaplasma marginale is an intraerythrocytic rickettsial pathogen of cattle in which infection persists for the life of the animal. Persistent A. marginale infection is characterized by repetitive rickettsemic cycles which we hypothesize reflect emergence of A. marginale antigenic variants. In this study, we determined whether variants of major surface protein 2 (MSP-2), a target of protective immunity encoded by a polymorphic multigene family, arise during persistent rickettsemia. By using a quantitative competitive PCR to identify rickettsemic cycles,msp-2 transcripts expressed in vivo were isolated from peak rickettsemia of sequential cycles. Cloning and sequencing ofmsp-2 cDNA revealed that genetic variants of MSP-2 emerge representing a minimum of four genetic variant types in each cycle during persistent infection. Two-color immunofluorescence using variant-specific antibody showed that emergence of MSP-2 variants resulted in expression of a minimum of three antigenic types of MSP-2 within one rickettsemic cycle. Therefore immune control of each cycle would require responses to an antigenically diverse A. marginale population. These findings demonstrate that polymorphic MSP-2 variants emerge during cyclic rickettsemia in persistent A. marginale infection and suggest that emergent variants play an important role in persistence.

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BUSARYEV, OLEKSIY, TAMAL K. DEY, and YUSU WANG. "TRACKING A GENERATOR BY PERSISTENCE." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 02, no. 04 (December 2010): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830910000875.

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The persistent homology provides a mathematical tool to describe "features" in a principled manner. The persistence algorithm proposed by Edelsbrunner et al. can compute not only the persistent homology for a filtered simplicial complex, but also representative generating cycles for persistent homology groups. However, if there are dynamic changes either in the filtration or in the underlying simplicial complex, the representative generating cycle can change wildly. In this paper, we consider the problem of tracking generating cycles with temporal coherence. Specifically, our goal is to track a chosen essential generating cycle so that the changes in it are "local". This requires reordering simplices in the filtration. To handle reordering operations, we build upon the matrix framework proposed by Cohen-Steiner et al. to swap two consecutive simplices, so that we can process a reordering directly. We present an application showing how our algorithm can track an essential cycle in a complex constructed out of a point cloud data.

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Manikkam, Mohan, Teresa L. Steckler, Kathleen B. Welch, E. Keith Inskeep, and Vasantha Padmanabhan. "Fetal Programming: Prenatal Testosterone Treatment Leads to Follicular Persistence/Luteal Defects; Partial Restoration of Ovarian Function by Cyclic Progesterone Treatment." Endocrinology 147, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 1997–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1338.

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Prenatal testosterone (T) excess during midgestation leads to estrous cycle defects and polycystic ovaries in sheep. We hypothesized that follicular persistence causes polycystic ovaries and that cyclic progesterone (P) treatment would overcome follicular persistence and restore cyclicity. Twice-weekly blood samples for P measurements were taken from control (C; n = 16) and prenatally T-treated (T60; n = 14; 100 mg T, im, twice weekly from d 30–90 of gestation) Suffolk sheep starting before the onset of puberty and continuing through the second breeding season. A subset of C and T60 sheep were treated cyclically with a modified controlled internal drug-releasing device for 13–14 d every 17 d during the first anestrus (CP, 7; TP, 6). Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography was performed for 8 d in the first and 21 d in the second breeding season. Prenatal T excess reduced the number, but increased the duration of progestogenic cycles, reduced the proportion of ewes with normal cycles, increased the proportion of ewes with subluteal cycles, decreased the proportion of ewes with ovulatory cycles, induced the occurrence of persistent follicles, and reduced the number of corpora lutea in those that cycled. Cyclic P treatment in anestrus, which produced one third the P concentration seen during luteal phase of cycle, did not reduce the number of persistent follicles, but increased the number of progestogenic cycles while reducing their duration. These findings suggested that follicular persistence might contribute to the polycystic ovarian morphology. Cyclic P treatment was able to only partially restore follicular dynamics, but this may be related to the low replacement concentrations of P achieved.

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Park, Sorah, and Heejeong Shin. "Earnings Persistence Over The Macroeconomic Cycle: Evidence From Korea." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 6 (October 28, 2015): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i6.9473.

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This paper examines whether the persistence of earnings components is affected by the macroeconomic cycle in Korea. To measure the macroeconomic cycle, we use the cycle variation value of Coincident Composite Index (CCI) data obtained from the Korea National Statistics Office. Results from a sample of 21,232 firm-quarter observations over the period 2002-2013 indicate that accruals (cash flows) are more persistent than cash flows (accruals) during expansions (recessions). Also, when going from an expansion to a recession, a decline in accruals persistence is greater than that in cash flows persistence. When total accruals are decomposed into non-discretionary and discretionary portions using the modified Jones model (Dechow et al., 1995), we find that non-discretionary accruals are most persistent than the other components during both expansions and recessions, and a decline in persistence is largest (smallest) for discretionary accruals (cash flows) when going from an expansion to a recession. Most of these results hold when we split the macroeconomic cycle into four phases including transitory periods. Taken together, we provide evidence on the differential effects of macroeconomic cycle on the persistence of individual earnings components in Korea. Our findings suggest that macroeconomic variables are needed to be considered in studies on earnings persistence.

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Buck Louis, Germaine M., Lisbeth Iglesias Rios, Alexander McLain, Maureen A. Cooney, Paul J. Kostyniak, and Rajeshwari Sundaram. "Persistent organochlorine pollutants and menstrual cycle characteristics." Chemosphere 85, no. 11 (December 2011): 1742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.027.

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Comin, Diego, and Mark Gertler. "Medium-Term Business Cycles." American Economic Review 96, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 523–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.523.

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Over the postwar period, many industrialized countries have experienced significant medium-frequency oscillations between periods of robust growth versus relative stagnation. Conventional business cycle filters, however, tend to sweep these oscillations into the trend. In this paper we explore whether they may, instead, reflect a persistent response of economic activity to the high-frequency fluctuations normally associated with the cycle. We define as the medium-term cycle the sum of the high- and medium-frequency variation in the data, and then show that these kinds of fluctuations are substantially more volatile and persistent than are the conventional measures. These fluctuations, further, feature significant procyclical movements in both embodied and disembodied technological change, and research and development (R&D), as well as the efficiency and intensity of resource utilization. We then develop a model of medium-term business cycles. A virtue of the framework is that, in addition to offering a unified approach to explaining the high- and medium-frequency variation in the data, it fully endogenizes the movements in productivity that appear central to the persistence of these fluctuations. For comparison, we also explore how well an exogenous productivity model can explain the facts.

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Obayashi, Ippei. "Volume-Optimal Cycle: Tightest Representative Cycle of a Generator in Persistent Homology." SIAM Journal on Applied Algebra and Geometry 2, no. 4 (January 2018): 508–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/17m1159439.

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Schwartz, Julien, Olivier Fandeur, and Colette Rey. "Modelling of Low Cycle Fatigue Initiation of 316LN Based on Crystalline Plasticity and Geometrically Necessary Dislocations." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1137.

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Initiation of intragranular cracks during low cycle fatigue is governed by complex microstructural phenomena. Depending on the loading amplitude, number of cycles, lattice structure and/or chemical composition, different dislocation structures (veins, cells or Persistent Slip Bands) develop and induce heterogeneous localization of strain and stress in the material. For a better comprehension of crack initiation in 316LN stainless steel, low cycle fatigue tests and numerical simulations were performed. Specimens of 316LN steel with polished shallow notch were cycled with constant loading amplitude and Persistant Slip Bands were identified by SEM observations. In parallel, numerical studies were carried out with the model of cristalline plasticity CristalECP. Simulations were performed on 3D polycristalline aggregates of 316LN steel with the finite elements code Abaqus® and Cast3m®. The results show a heterogeneous localization of strain in bands. For a more precise computation of the mechanical fields and to introdruce a grain size effect, Geometrically Necessary Dislocations were introduced in CristalECP. The GNDs are directly related and computed with the lattice curvature.

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Gleeson, Pia C., Roisin Worsley, Emorfia Gavrilidis, Shainal Nathoo, Elisabeth Ng, Stuart Lee, and Jayashri Kulkarni. "Menstrual cycle characteristics in women with persistent schizophrenia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 5 (June 12, 2015): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867415590459.

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Carey, Stephan A., Carol A. Ballinger, Charles G. Plopper, Ruth J. McDonald, Alfred A. Bartolucci, Edward M. Postlethwait, and Jack R. Harkema. "Persistent rhinitis and epithelial remodeling induced by cyclic ozone exposure in the nasal airways of infant monkeys." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 300, no. 2 (February 2011): L242—L254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00177.2010.

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Children chronically exposed to high levels of ozone (O3), the principal oxidant pollutant in photochemical smog, are more vulnerable to respiratory illness and infections. The specific factors underlying this differential susceptibility are unknown but may be related to air pollutant-induced nasal alterations during postnatal development that impair the normal physiological functions (e.g., filtration and mucociliary clearance) serving to protect the more distal airways from inhaled xenobiotics. In adult animal models, chronic ozone exposure is associated with adaptations leading to a decrease in airway injury. The purpose of our study was to determine whether cyclic ozone exposure induces persistent morphological and biochemical effects on the developing nasal airways of infant monkeys early in life. Infant (180-day-old) rhesus macaques were exposed to 5 consecutive days of O3 [0.5 parts per million (ppm), 8 h/day; “1-cycle”] or filtered air (FA) or 11 biweekly cycles of O3 (FA days 1– 9; 0.5 ppm, 8 h/day on days 10– 14; “11-cycle”). The left nasal passage was processed for light microscopy and morphometric analysis. Mucosal samples from the right nasal passage were processed for GSH, GSSG, ascorbate (AH2), and uric acid (UA) concentration. Eleven-cycle O3 induced persistent rhinitis, squamous metaplasia, and epithelial hyperplasia in the anterior nasal airways of infant monkeys, resulting in a 39% increase in the numeric density of epithelial cells. Eleven-cycle O3 also induced a 65% increase in GSH concentrations at this site. The persistence of epithelial hyperplasia was positively correlated with changes in GSH. These results indicate that early life ozone exposure causes persistent nasal epithelial alterations in infant monkeys and provide a potential mechanism for the increased susceptibility to respiratory illness exhibited by children in polluted environments.

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Eickhoff, Meike, Jessica Thalmann, Simone Hess, Myriam Martin, Thomas Laue, Joachim Kruppa, Gudrun Brandes, and Andreas Klos. "Host Cell Responses to Chlamydia pneumoniae in Gamma Interferon-Induced Persistence Overlap Those of Productive Infection and Are Linked to Genes Involved in Apoptosis, Cell Cycle, and Metabolism." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 6 (March 12, 2007): 2853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01045-06.

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ABSTRACT The respiratory pathogen Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae is associated with chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis and giant-cell arteritis, which are accompanied by the occurrence of these obligate intracellular bacteria in blood vessels. There, C. pneumoniae seems to be present in a persistent state. Persistence is characterized by modified bacterial metabolism and morphology, as well as a reversible arrest of chlamydial development. In cell culture, this persistent state can be induced by gamma interferon (IFN-γ). To elucidate this long-term interaction between chlamydiae and their host cells, microarray screening on epithelial HeLa cells was performed. Transcription of persistently (and productively) infected cells was compared with that of mock-infected cells. Sixty-six host cell genes were regulated at 24 h and/or 96 h of IFN-γ-induced persistence. Subsequently, a set of 17 human host cell genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, or metabolism was identified as permanently up- or down-regulated by real-time PCR. Some of these chlamydia-dependent host cell responses were diminished or even absent in the presence of rifampin. However, other expression patterns were not altered by the inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase, suggesting two different modes of host cell activation. Thus, in the IFN-γ model, the persisting bacteria cause long-lasting changes in the expression of genes coding for functionally important proteins. They might be potential drug targets for the treatment of persistent C. pneumoniae infections.

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Weidner, A., W. Tirschler, C. Blochwitz, and Werner Skrotzki. "The Half-Cycle Slip Activity of Persistent Slip Bands in Polycrystals." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.123.

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The development of the volume fraction of cumulated persistent slip bands (PSBs) in cyclically deformed nickel polycrystals was investigated in dependence on the number of cycles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was shown that there is a large scatter of the volume fraction of PSBs from grain to grain. Three different tendencies for the development of the volume fraction with increasing number of cycles were distinguished. It was shown that there is a correlation of the orientation of the primary slip systems with the volume fraction of cumulated PSBs and the activation of PSBs during half-cycle deformation.

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Beaudry, Paul, Dana Galizia, and Franck Portier. "Putting the Cycle Back into Business Cycle Analysis." American Economic Review 110, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190789.

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Are business cycles mainly a response to persistent exogenous shocks, or do they instead reflect a strong endogenous mechanism which produces recurrent boom-bust phenomena? In this paper we present evidence in favor of the second interpretation and we highlight the set of key elements that influence our answer. The elements that tend to favor this type of interpretation of business cycles are (i) slightly extending the frequency window one associates with business cycle phenomena, (ii) allowing for strategic complementarities across agents that arise due to financial frictions, and (iii) allowing for a locally unstable steady state in estimation. (JEL E22, E24, E23, E44)

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French, Dorothy M., Wendy C. Brown, and Guy H. Palmer. "Emergence of Anaplasma marginaleAntigenic Variants during Persistent Rickettsemia." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 5834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.11.5834-5840.1999.

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ABSTRACT Anaplasma marginale is an ehrlichial pathogen of cattle, in the order Rickettsiales, that establishes persistent cyclic rickettsemia in the infected host. Within each rickettsemic cycle, A. marginale expressing antigenically variant major surface protein 2 (MSP2) emerge. By cloning 17 full-length msp2 transcripts expressed during cyclic rickettsemia, we determined that emergent variants have a single, central hypervariable region encoding variant B-cell epitopes. The N- and C-terminal regions are highly conserved among the expressedA. marginale variants, and similar sequences define the MSP2 homologues in the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). This is in contrast to the MSP2 homologues in ehrlichial genogroup I pathogens, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, and Cowdria ruminantium, that have multiple hypervariable regions. By defining the variable and conserved regions, we were able to show that the single hypervariable region of A. marginale MSP2 encodes epitopes that are immunogenic and induce variant-specific antibody responses during persistent infection. These findings demonstrate that the MSP2 structural variants that emerge during each cycle of persistent rickettsemia are true antigenic variants, consistent with MSP2 antigenic variation as a mechanism ofA. marginale persistence.

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LU, QIUYING, ZHIQIN QIAO, TIANSI ZHANG, and DEMING ZHU. "HETERODIMENSIONAL CYCLE BIFURCATION WITH ORBIT-FLIP." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 02 (February 2010): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410025569.

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The local moving frame approach is employed to study the bifurcation of a degenerate heterodimensional cycle with orbit-flip in its nontransversal orbit. Under some generic hypotheses, we provide the conditions for the existence, uniqueness and noncoexistence of the homoclinic orbit, heteroclinic orbit and periodic orbit. And we also present the coexistence conditions for the homoclinic orbit and the periodic orbit. But it is impossible for the coexistence of the periodic orbit and the persistent heterodimensional cycle or the coexistence of the homoclinic loop and the persistent heterodimensional cycle. Moreover, the double and triple periodic orbit bifurcation surfaces are established as well. Based on the bifurcation analysis, the bifurcation surfaces and the existence regions are located. An example of application is also given to demonstrate our main results.

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Garshick, Marisa Kardos, and Alexa Boer Kimball. "Psoriasis and the Life Cycle of Persistent Life Effects." Dermatologic Clinics 33, no. 1 (January 2015): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2014.09.003.

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Culvenor, R. A., M. J. Dobbie, J. T. Wood, and R. I. Forrester. "Selection for persistence under grazing in winter-active populations of the perennial grass, Phalaris aquatica L. (phalaris)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 9 (2002): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02003.

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Winter-active cultivars of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) have the potential to be more productive than semi-winter-dormant cultivars but may be less persistent under the stress of heavy grazing. The feasibility of improving persistence of winter-active phalaris was examined by subjecting plots of half-sib families from several winter-active populations to 2 cycles of heavy grazing pressure by sheep. Because variation among families in initial density influenced final density score in both cycles, persistence was assessed by 2 methods, final density with initial density as a covariate and the ratio of final over initial density.In Cycle 1, significant family variance was observed in a broadly based population after 3 years of continuous grazing. Changes in persistence were smaller but still significant among the families comprising cv. Holdfast after 2 years of rotational grazing on limed but not on unlimed acid soil. In Cycle 2, 4 populations selected in Cycle 1 and elsewhere were screened under continuous grazing at 2 sites, one lower in soil pH and phosphorus than the other. Family by site interaction for final density was significant (P < 0.05) for one population only and this arose before grazing commenced. The selected populations displayed higher density and persistence than control winter-active cultivars. Estimates of predicted heritability were generally high but not always significant at P < 0.05. Overall they were considered to indicate that differences in persistence between families were present and heritable. This was supported by the observation that generations of 2 populations selected in Cycle 1 were higher in final density and persistence than the base generations, although differences in persistence as distinct from final density were not always at the P = 0.05 significance level. The ratio of final over initial density scores was considered less appropriate than the covariate method of estimating persistence in this cycle because plots that established at very low density and increased slightly thereafter resulted in high error variance and biased selection towards families that established at low density.

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Stones, Catherine, and Frances Cole. "Breaking the Cycle: Extending the Persistent Pain Cycle Diagram Using an Affective Pictorial Metaphor." Health Communication 29, no. 1 (January 28, 2013): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.715537.

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Petrenec, Martin, Jaroslav Polák, Tomáš Šamořil, Jiří Dluhoš, and Karel Obrtlík. "In Situ Study of the Mechanisms of High Temperature Damage in Elastic-Plastic Cyclic Loading of Nickel Superalloy." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.530.

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In-situ Low Cycle Fatigue test (LCF) at temperature 635 °C have been performed in SEM on flat specimen ofcast Inconel 713LC superalloy. The aim of the investigation was to studymechanisms of the fatigue damage during elastic-plastic cycling by theobservations of the characteristic surface relief evolution and theaccompanying internal dislocation structures. The selected locations on thesurface were systematically studied in-situ and documented by SEM and usingAFM. The surface relief in the first tensile half-cycle was formed by numerousslip steps on the primary slip planes (111). In the following compressionhalf-cycle additional opposite slip were formed. The relief was modified in thenext cycles but without forming additionally new slip traces in the primarysystem. The reorientation of two grains in the gauge area was measured usingEBSD. At the end of cyclic loading the relation between surface persistent slipmarkings and persistent slip bands in the interior of the material wasdocumented by TEM on lamella prepared by FIB. The early stages of extrusion andintrusion formation were documented. The damage mechanism evolution is closelyconnected with the cyclic strain localization to the persistent slip bands thatare also places of fatigue crack initiation.

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Archibald, H. L. "Relating the 4-year lemming (Lemmus spp. and Dicrostonyx spp.) population cycle to a 3.8-year lunar cycle and ENSO." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 11 (November 2019): 1054–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0266.

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Reported peak years of lemming (Lemmus spp. and Dicrostonyx spp.) and Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758)) abundance were compiled from the literature for 12 locations spanning 127 years. The mean period of the 34 reported lemming and Arctic fox cycles from 1868 to 1994 was 3.8 years, suggesting that the period of the 4-year cycle is actually 3.8 years. Peak population years were predicted using a simple model based on a 3.8-year lunar cycle. For nearly 130 years, reported years of peak abundance of lemmings and Arctic foxes were significantly correlated with and have persistently stayed in phase with predicted peak years of abundance. Over the same period, predicted peak years of lemming abundance have been closely aligned with peak (i.e., La Niña) years of the January–March Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). From 1952 to 1995, peak flowering in Norway tended to occur close to trough June–August SOI (El Niño) years. The hypothesis proposed is that the 3.8-year lunar cycle governs the timing of the lemming cycle, but it does not cause the population cycling itself. If this hypothesis is true, then the heretofore unexplained source of the persistent periodicity and quasi-metronomic regularity of the lemming cycle is identified.

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Zeidan, Amer Methqal, Namita Joshi, Hrishikesh Kale, Wei-Jhih Wang, Shelby Corman, Kala Hill, Tehseen Salimi, and Robert S. Epstein. "Predictors of hypomethylating agent discontinuation among patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 7043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7043.

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7043 Background: Real-world studies have shown that persistence with intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) hypomethylating agents (HMAs) among patients (pts) with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is poor, with over one-third of treated pts receiving <4 cycles or having a ≥90-day gap in therapy, despite recommendations for at least 4-6 cycles to elicit response in absence of progression/unacceptable toxicity. Survival outcomes have also been shown to be worse, and direct medical costs higher, among HMA non-persistent vs persistent pts. We explored factors associated with early discontinuation of HMA therapy in this population. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study among pts from the 2010-2016 SEER-Medicare linked database with a diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB; a surrogate for higher-risk MDS) from 2011-2015. Included pts had to have received HMA therapy and have ≥12 months’ continuous follow-up after diagnosis. Discontinuation was defined as stopping HMA therapy before 4 cycles. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess predictors of HMA discontinuation. Results: In total, 664 pts with RAEB and treated with HMAs were included. Overall, 193 (29%) discontinued before 4 cycles; of these, 91 (47%) discontinued after 1 cycle, 57 (30%) 2 cycles, and 45 (23%) 3 cycles. Compared with pts continuing for ≥4 cycles, pts discontinuing before 4 cycles were generally older and more likely to be single/separated/divorced/widowed, have more comorbidities, and have poor performance status (PS) (Table). These trends were most pronounced among pts discontinuing HMA therapy after only 1 cycle vs ≥4 cycles (Table). In multivariable analysis, age 71-75 vs ≥80 y (odds ratio [OR] 0.556, p=0.017) and poor PS (OR 1.585, p=0.019) remained significant predictors of HMA discontinuation. Among treatment-related factors, the most statistically significant association with HMA discontinuation was observed for GCSF use (OR 0.453, p<0.001). Number of pills/day was not a predictor of HMA discontinuation (OR 1.009, p=NS). Conclusions: In this real-world study, almost one-third of RAEB pts treated with IV/SC HMAs discontinued before 4 cycles, with almost half of these pts discontinuing after only 1 cycle. Predictors of HMA discontinuation included older age and poor PS. Novel approaches are needed to improve persistence with HMA therapy, particularly among these higher-risk groups.[Table: see text]

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E. Chávez-Gordillo, Mario, Bernardo San Martín, and Jaime Vera. "Persistent singular attractors arising from singular cycle under symmetric conditions." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A 30, no. 3 (2011): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2011.30.671.

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Tymochko, Sarah, Elizabeth Munch, Jason Dunion, Kristen Corbosiero, and Ryan Torn. "Using persistent homology to quantify a diurnal cycle in hurricanes." Pattern Recognition Letters 133 (May 2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2020.02.022.

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Della Fera, Ashley N., Alix Warburton, Tami L. Coursey, Simran Khurana, and Alison A. McBride. "Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection." Viruses 13, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020321.

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Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types is responsible for ~5% of human cancers. The HPV infectious cycle can sustain long-term infection in stratified epithelia because viral DNA is maintained as low copy number extrachromosomal plasmids in the dividing basal cells of a lesion, while progeny viral genomes are amplified to large numbers in differentiated superficial cells. The viral E1 and E2 proteins initiate viral DNA replication and maintain and partition viral genomes, in concert with the cellular replication machinery. Additionally, the E5, E6, and E7 proteins are required to evade host immune responses and to produce a cellular environment that supports viral DNA replication. An unfortunate consequence of the manipulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation is that cells become at high risk for carcinogenesis.

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Guvenen, Fatih. "Learning Your Earning: Are Labor Income Shocks Really Very Persistent?" American Economic Review 97, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 687–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.3.687.

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The current literature offers two views on the nature of the labor income process. According to the first view, individuals are subject to very persistent income shocks while facing similar life-cycle income profiles (the RIP process, Thomas MaCurdy 1982). According to the alternative, individuals are subject to shocks with modest persistence while facing individual-specific profiles (the HIP process, Lee A. Lillard and Yoram A. Weiss 1979). In this paper we study the restrictions imposed by these two processes on consumption data—in the context of a life-cycle model—to distinguish between the two views. We find that the life-cycle model with a HIP process, which has not been studied in the previous literature, is consistent with several features of consumption data, whereas the model with a RIP process is consistent with some, but not with others. We conclude that the HIP model could be a credible contender to—and along some dimensions, a more coherent alternative than—the RIP model. (JEL D83, D91, E21, J31)

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Parlikar, Rujuta, Vanteemar S. Sreeraj, Damodaran Dinakaran, Sowmya Selvaraj, Harleen Chhabra, Venkataram Shivakumar, Anushree Bose, et al. "S195. ROLE OF BOOSTER SESSION TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION (TDCS) FOR PERSISTENT AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S112—S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.261.

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Abstract Background Auditory verbal hallucinations (AH), one of the hallmark symptoms, are present in 60–80% of schizophrenia (SZ) patients. 25% of patients suffering from AH in schizophrenia fail to respond to any psychotropic medication. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), with cathodal electrode placement on the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is known to alleviate such symptoms in SZ. In this study, we describe the effects of booster tDCS after relapse of AH in patients. The pattern and effectiveness of booster treatment cycles for alleviation of AH in a naturalistic clinical setting are explored in this study. Methods Patients with persistent AH (n=15) received an initial course (cycle) of add-on tDCS with cathode at left TPJ and anode over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) with 2mA current, twice-daily 20-minute sessions for 5 days with intersession interval of 3-hours. Clinical global impression- improvement scale (CGI-I) was rated at the end of the course for every patient. All the patients who were found to show response (“much improved” and “very much improved”) received repeat cycles of add-on booster tDCS after a varying duration ranging from 1–32 months from initial treatment course, due to relapse/persistence of AH. Thirteen out of fifteen patients received one booster cycle while one patient received 3 booster cycles and another received 12 booster cycles. We conducted a spearman’s rank correlation test to determine the correlation between CGI-I score rating at the end of add-on tDCS, and the duration of maintenance of improvement before relapse/ worsening of AH. Results Six of the fifteen patients (40%) had responded “very much improved” and nine (60%) patients had responded “much improved” to tDCS in the initial cycle. It was found that 50% of the initial “very much improved” responders (n=3) had a comparable response to tDCS after booster sessions for relapse of symptoms while 50% of patients showed “much improved” (n=2) and “minimally improved” (n=1) response in the booster sessions. Among the nine patients who showed “much improved” response from the initial cycle, one patient showed better response than initial cycle (“very much improved”) to booster session. Five patients showed “minimally changed” response in the second cycle in the booster sessions while three patients had comparable responses. The average duration of symptom free interval/ maintenance of improvement with initial cycle of tDCS was found to be 10.46± 9.23 months. The CGI improvement from the initial add-on tDCS course and the duration of the maintenance of improvement/symptom-free interval before the booster session was not found to be significantly correlated (r=0.332, p=0.226) Discussion A reduction in hallucinations was noted with booster tDCS in patients who had responded to the initial course of add-on tDCS. Booster tDCS is a feasible option and given its cost-effectiveness and ease of administration, booster sessions of tDCS can be considered for resurgence of symptoms. Future studies are recommended in systematically exploring maintenance tDCS as an add-on treatment for persistent/recurring AVH in schizophrenia.

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Ibana, Joyce A., Robert J. Belland, Arnold H. Zea, Danny J. Schust, Takeshi Nagamatsu, Yasser M. AbdelRahman, David J. Tate, Wandy L. Beatty, Ashok A. Aiyar, and Alison J. Quayle. "Inhibition of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity by Levo-1-Methyl Tryptophan Blocks Gamma Interferon-Induced Chlamydia trachomatis Persistence in Human Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 11 (September 12, 2011): 4425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05659-11.

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ABSTRACTGamma interferon (IFN-γ) induces expression of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in human epithelial cells, the permissive cells for the obligate intracellular bacteriumChlamydia trachomatis. IDO1 depletes tryptophan by catabolizing it to kynurenine with consequences forC. trachomatis, which is a tryptophan auxotroph.In vitrostudies reveal that tryptophan depletion can result in the formation of persistent (viable but noncultivable) chlamydial forms. Here, we tested the effects of the IDO1 inhibitor, levo-1-methyl-tryptophan (L-1MT), on IFN-γ-inducedC. trachomatispersistence. We found that addition of 0.2 mM L-1MT to IFN-γ-exposed infected HeLa cell cultures restricted IDO1 activity at the mid-stage (20 h postinfection [hpi]) of the chlamydial developmental cycle. This delayed tryptophan depletion until the late stage (38 hpi) of the cycle. Parallel morphological and gene expression studies indicated a consequence of the delay was a block in the induction ofC. trachomatispersistence by IFN-γ. Furthermore, L-1MT addition allowedC. trachomatisto undergo secondary differentiation, albeit with limited productive multiplication of the bacterium. IFN-γ-induced persistent infections in epithelial cells have been previously reported to be more resistant to doxycycline than normal productive infectionsin vitro. Pertinent to this observation, we found that L-1MT significantly improved the efficacy of doxycycline in clearing persistentC. trachomatisforms. It has been postulated that persistent forms ofC. trachomatismay contribute to chronic chlamydial disease. Our findings suggest that IDO1 inhibitors such as L-1MT might provide a novel means to investigate, and potentially target, persistent chlamydial forms, particularly in conjunction with conventional therapeutics.

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Jung, Philip, and Moritz Kuhn. "Earnings Losses and Labor Mobility Over the Life Cycle." Journal of the European Economic Association 17, no. 3 (May 22, 2018): 678–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvy014.

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Abstract Large and persistent earnings losses following displacement have adverse consequences for the individual worker and the macroeconomy. Leading models cannot explain their size and disagree on their sources. Two mean-reverting forces make earnings losses transitory in these models: search as an upward force allows workers to climb back up the job ladder, and separations as a downward force make nondisplaced workers fall down the job ladder. We show that job stability at the top rather than search frictions at the bottom is the main driver of persistent earnings losses. We provide new empirical evidence on heterogeneity in job stability and develop a life-cycle search model to explain the facts. Our model offers a quantitative reconciliation of key stylized facts about the U.S. labor market: large worker flows, a large share of stable jobs, and persistent earnings shocks. We explain the size of earnings losses by dampening the downward force. Our new explanation highlights the tight link between labor market mobility and earnings dynamics. Regarding the sources, we find that over 85% stem from the loss of a particularly good job at the top of the job ladder. We apply the model to study the effectiveness of two labor market policies, retraining and placement support, from the Dislocated Worker Program. We find that both are ineffective in reducing earnings losses in line with the program evaluation literature.

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Sarah, Varadika, Ahmad Jibrail, and Sudrajat Martadinata. "PENGARUH ARUS KAS KEGIATAN OPERASI, SIKLUS OPERASI, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN TINGKAT HUTANG TERHADAP PERSISTENSI LABA (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA SUB SEKTOR KONSTRUKSI DAN BANGUNAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2013-2016)." Jurnal TAMBORA 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v3i1.184.

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Earnings Persistence is earning can reflect the earnimg priod next. In fact there are still companies that do not guarantee a persistent of earning. This study wished to examine ehe effect of operating cash flows, operating cycle, firm size, and the lever of debt both individually and simultaneously to earning persistence in service compnies of construction and building sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013-2016. The sampling technique using purposive sampling so than 9 sample companies were obtained. Data were analized using panel data with multiple regression then tested with the help of STATA 11 softwere.The result of this study are: operating cash flow, operating cycle, firm size there is not significant effect on earning persistence. While the level of debt has significant effect on earning persistence in service compnies of construction and building sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013-2016

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Tackenberg, Michael C., Jacob J. Hughey, and Douglas G. McMahon. "Distinct Components of Photoperiodic Light Are Differentially Encoded by the Mammalian Circadian Clock." Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, no. 4 (June 11, 2020): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730420929217.

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Seasonal light cycles influence multiple physiological functions and are mediated through photoperiodic encoding by the circadian system. Despite our knowledge of the strong connection between seasonal light input and downstream circadian changes, less is known about the specific components of seasonal light cycles that are encoded and induce persistent changes in the circadian system. Using combinations of 3 T cycles (23, 24, 26 h) and 2 photoperiods per T cycle (long and short, with duty cycles scaled to each T cycle), we investigate the after-effects of entrainment to these 6 light cycles. We measure locomotor behavior duration (α), period (τ), and entrained phase angle (ψ) in vivo and SCN phase distribution (σφ), τ, and ψ ex vivo to refine our understanding of critical light components for influencing particular circadian properties. We find that both photoperiod and T-cycle length drive determination of in vivo ψ but differentially influence after-effects in α and τ, with photoperiod driving changes in α and photoperiod length and T-cycle length combining to influence τ. Using skeleton photoperiods, we demonstrate that in vivo ψ is determined by both parametric and nonparametric components, while changes in α are driven nonparametrically. Within the ex vivo SCN, we find that ψ and σφ of the PER2∷LUCIFERASE rhythm follow closely with their likely behavioral counterparts (ψ and α of the locomotor activity rhythm) while also confirming previous reports of τ after-effects of gene expression rhythms showing negative correlations with behavioral τ after-effects in response to T cycles. We demonstrate that within-SCN σφ changes, thought to underlie α changes in vivo, are induced primarily nonparametrically. Taken together, our results demonstrate that distinct components of seasonal light input differentially influence ψ, α, and τ and suggest the possibility of separate mechanisms driving the persistent changes in circadian behaviors mediated by seasonal light.

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Mac, Michelle, and Cary A. Moody. "Epigenetic Regulation of the Human Papillomavirus Life Cycle." Pathogens 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060483.

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Persistent infection with certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), termed high risk, presents a public health burden due to their association with multiple human cancers, including cervical cancer and an increasing number of head and neck cancers. Despite the development of prophylactic vaccines, the incidence of HPV-associated cancers remains high. In addition, no vaccine has yet been licensed for therapeutic use against pre-existing HPV infections and HPV-associated diseases. Although persistent HPV infection is the major risk factor for cancer development, additional genetic and epigenetic alterations are required for progression to the malignant phenotype. Unlike genetic mutations, the reversibility of epigenetic modifications makes epigenetic regulators ideal therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. This review article will highlight the recent advances in the understanding of epigenetic modifications associated with HPV infections, with a particular focus on the role of these epigenetic changes during different stages of the HPV life cycle that are closely associated with activation of DNA damage response pathways.

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Roland, Michael, Josef Langer, and Rene Mayrhofer. "Managing the life cycle of Java Card applets in other Java virtual machines." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 10, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-06-2014-0036.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the design, implementation, performance and limitations of an environment that emulates a secure element for rapid prototyping and debugging. Today, it is difficult for developers to get access to a near field communication (NFC)-secure element in current smartphones. Moreover, the security constraints of smartcards make in-circuit emulation and debugging of applications impractical. Therefore, an environment that emulates a secure element brings significant advantages for developers. Design/methodology/approach – The authors' approach to such an environment is the emulation of Java Card applets on top of non-Java Card virtual machines (e.g. Android Dalvik VM), as this would facilitate the use of existing debugging tools. As the operation principle of the Java Card VM is based on persistent memory technology, the VM and applications running on top of it have a significantly different life cycle compared to other Java VMs. The authors evaluate these differences and their impact on Java VM-based Java Card emulation. They compare possible strategies to overcome the problems caused by these differences, propose a possible solution and create a prototypical implementation to verify the practical feasibility of such an emulation environment. Findings – While the authors found that the Java Card inbuilt persistent memory management is not available on other Java VMs, they present a strategy to model this persistence mechanism on other VMs to build a complete Java Card run-time environment on top of a non-Java Card VM. Their analysis of the performance degradation in a prototypical implementation caused by additional effort put into maintaining persistent application state revealed that the implementation of such an emulation environment is practically feasible. Originality/value – This paper addresses the problem of emulating a complete Java Card run-time environment on top of non-Java Card virtual machines which could open and significantly ease the development of NFC secure element applications.

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Karthaus, M., C. S. Karapetis, M. Brown, N. Pavlakis, T. Trarbach, N. Marschner, H. A. Duerk, and L. Manzione. "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy symptoms with pregabalin." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.553.

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553 Background: Sensorial peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is a major limitation for pts receiving oxaliplatin-based ctx for CRC. Pregabalin is widely used for treatment of oxaliplatin-induced PNP. We evaluated the efficacy of pregabalin vs. placebo for the prevention of paresthesia from the onset of oxaliplatin-based ctx over each cycle. Methods: Rd, db, placebo-controlled study in adult CRC pts with ECOG 0-2 to undergo a new oxaliplatin/5-FU/FA-based ctx. Pts were excluded if they had neuropathic pain or other of painful paresthesia prior to baseline. Paresthesia, dysesthesia, and pain were rated on a numerical scale (NRS 0-10) every day. Primary endpoint was the time of onset of persistent symptoms (NRS >4). Results: Of the 69 screened pts, 64 were randomized and 61 received study medication (32 pregabalin vs. 29 placebo). Pts were balanced in both arms regarding age, sex, stage, and ctx. There were no differences between both treatment groups for all PNP parameters at any cycle. One pt in both arms developed paresthesia (5.3%) after 9 cycles of ctx, 1 pt had persistent pain (placebo arm). During the follow-up period persistent paresthesic, dysesthesic, and persistent pain developed in 2 vs. 1, 2 vs. 2, and 0 vs. 2 pts, respectively. The study was terminated after a blinded data review found that there were very few events of persistent symptoms, which was then confirmed an interim analysis. Nausea and anorexia were the most frequently reported AE in both groups. Conclusions: The results of this study, which was terminated early at interim analysis, is that too few patients developed persistent symptoms to allow any meaningful treatment difference for prevention of neuropathic pain related to oxaliplatin by pregabalin. There remains an unmet need for oxaliplatin-induced PNP with new trial design issues in this field urgently needed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Hughes, D. Alex, Micah Gell-Redman, Charles Crabtree, Natarajan Krishnaswami, Diana Rodenberger, and Guillermo Monge. "Persistent Bias Among Local Election Officials." Journal of Experimental Political Science 7, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/xps.2019.23.

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AbstractResults of an audit study conducted during the 2016 election cycle demonstrate that bias toward Latinos observed during the 2012 election has persisted. In addition to replicating previous results, we show that Arab/Muslim Americans face an even greater barrier to communicating with local election officials, but we find no evidence of bias toward blacks. An innovation of our design allows us to measure whether e-mails were opened by recipients, which we argue provides a direct test of implicit discrimination. We find evidence of implicit bias toward Arab/Muslim senders only.

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Streips, Marcus A. "The Problem of the Persistent Hog Price Cycle: A Chaotic Solution." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 77, no. 5 (December 1995): 1397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243377.

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Tanrkulu, Omer. "Limit Cycle and Chaotic Behavior in Persistent Resonance of Unguided Missiles." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 36, no. 6 (November 1999): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3504.

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van der Voet, E., I. Nikolic, G. Huppes, and R. Kleijn. "Integrated systems analysis of persistent polar pollutants in the water cycle." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0334.

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Persistent polar pollutants (P3) are difficult to degrade in standard waste water treatment plants. As a result, they end up in the effluent and are emitted to the surface water. In some areas, this problem is aggravated through “closed loop recycling”, causing concentrations of P3 in surface water to build up over time. This could cause violation of (future) EU regulations. In the P-THREE project, various alternative waste water treatment techniques are investigated regarding their effectiveness in eliminating these substances, especially membrane bioreactor treatment and advanced oxidation processes, MBR and AOP. The integrated systems analysis which is the subject of this paper assesses these techniques in a broader systems context: (1) the life-cycle of the P3, (2) the life cycle of the WWTPs, and (3) the WWTP life cycle costs.

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Mo, Kingtse C., and Jae E. Schemm. "Droughts and Persistent Wet Spells over the United States and Mexico." Journal of Climate 21, no. 5 (March 1, 2008): 980–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1616.1.

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Abstract Droughts and persistent wet spells over the United States and northwest Mexico have preferred regions of occurrence and persistence. Wet or dry conditions that persist more than 1 yr tend to occur over the interior United States west of 90°–95°W and northwest Mexico. In contrast, events over the eastern United States are less likely to occur and often last less than 6 months. The long persistent drought and wet spells are often modulated by low-frequency sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). The persistent dry or wet conditions over northwest Mexico and the Southwest are associated with decadal variability of SSTAs over the North Pacific. Persistent events over the northwestern mountains are associated with two decadal SSTA modes. One mode has loadings over three southern oceans and another one is an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) like decadal mode. Wet and dry conditions over the Pacific Northwest and the Great Plains are often associated with ENSO. The seasonal cycle of precipitation over the central-eastern United States, the East Coast, and the Ohio Valley is weak. Drought and wet spells over these regions are less persistent because the ENSO events have opposite impacts on precipitation for summer and winter.

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Yasin, Asma, Madiha Afzal, and Uzma Aziz. "A Comparison between the Effectiveness of Norethisterone and Dydrogesterone for treatment of Irregular Menstrual Cycle." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 2876–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115112876.

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Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as irregularities in the menstrual cycle involving frequency, regularity, duration, and volume of flow outside of pregnancy. Up to 1/3rd of women experience abnormal uterine bleeding in their life, with irregularities most commonly occurs at menarche and perimenopause due to disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Norethisterone and Dydrogesterone for the treatment of irregular menstrual cycles due to abnormal uterine bleeding of ovulatory or endometrial dysfunction and to check for patient satisfaction after the use of prescribed hormones by taking their feedback. Methods: This observational, comparative, cohort-prospective study was conducted on 100 nonpregnant women between the ages of 15-45 years who presented with complaints of irregular menstruation in gynae outdoor of AMTH for 6 months from April 2021 to September 2021. After excluding pelvic pathology, known thyroid disease, coagulation disorder, or use of the contraceptive method, the participants were divided into Group A and Group B, each having 50 participants. Results: The mean age±SD of the participants in Group A was 29±3.4 while Group B had mean age±SD was 29.5±3.6. In Group A, 38(76%) patients reported a regular menstrual cycle after 3 months of use while 12(24%) patients complained of persistent irregular menstrual cycle despite 3 months use of Norethisterone with compliance in Group B using Dydrogesterone, 22(44%) patients had regular menstrual cycles while 28(56%) patients had persistent irregular menstrual cycles after three months of use. Conclusion: So we concluded from our study that Norethisterone had a better cycle control than Dydrogesterone. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding of ovulatory and/or endometrial dysfunction, Norethisterone, Dydrogesterone,

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Ejrnaes, Mette, Christophe M. Filippi, Marianne M. Martinic, Eleanor M. Ling, Lisa M. Togher, Shane Crotty, and Matthias G. von Herrath. "Resolution of a chronic viral infection after interleukin-10 receptor blockade." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 11 (October 9, 2006): 2461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20061462.

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A defining characteristic of persistent viral infections is the loss and functional inactivation of antiviral effector T cells, which prevents viral clearance. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppresses cellular immune responses by modulating the function of T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In this paper, we report that IL-10 production is drastically increased in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. In vivo blockade of the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) with a neutralizing antibody resulted in rapid resolution of the persistent infection. IL-10 secretion was diminished and interferon γ production by antiviral CD8+ T cells was enhanced. In persistently infected mice, CD8α+ dendritic cell (DC) numbers declined early after infection, whereas CD8α− DC numbers were not affected. CD8α− DCs supported IL-10 production and subsequent dampening of antiviral T cell responses. Therapeutic IL-10R blockade broke the cycle of IL-10–mediated immune suppression, preventing IL-10 priming by CD8α− DCs and enhancing antiviral responses and thereby resolving infection without causing immunopathology.

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Horneff, Vanya, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell. "How will persistent low expected returns shape household economic behavior?" Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 18, no. 04 (December 27, 2018): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747218000355.

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AbstractMany believe that global capital markets will generate lower returns in the future versus the past. We examine how persistently lower real returns will reshape work, retirement, saving, and investment behavior of older persons using a calibrated dynamic life cycle model. In a low return regime, workers build up less wealth in their tax-qualified 401(k) accounts versus the past, claim social security benefits later, and work more. Moreover, the better-educated are more sensitive to real interest rate changes, while the least-educated alter their behavior less. Interestingly, the distribution of wealth is more uniform in periods of persistent low expected returns.

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Trier, Stanley B., Christopher A. Davis, and Richard E. Carbone. "Mechanisms Governing the Persistence and Diurnal Cycle of a Heavy Rainfall Corridor." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 11 (October 29, 2014): 4102–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0134.1.

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Abstract Observations and convection-permitting simulations are used to study a 12-day warm-season heavy precipitation corridor over the central U.S. plains and Mississippi River valley regions. Such precipitation corridors, defined by narrow latitudinal widths (~3°–4°) and only modest north–south drifts of their centroids (<2° day−1), often yield extreme total precipitation (100–250 mm), resulting in both short-term and seasonal impacts on the regional hydrologic cycle. The corridor precipitation is predominately nocturnal and located several hundred kilometers north of a quasi-stationary surface front. There, hot, dry air from the daytime boundary layer located underneath a persistent upper-level anticyclone requires large vertical displacements along the axis of the southerly low-level jet (LLJ) above the front to eliminate convection inhibition (CIN). Composites reveal ~500 J kg−1 of average convective available potential energy (CAPE) when this air reaches the southern edge of the precipitation corridor. Despite the relatively modest CAPE, convection is favored by the large reductions in CIN along the vertical displacements and by high ambient midtropospheric relative humidity located above, which is influenced by persistent nightly convection in the region. Though internal feedbacks resulting from the large nightly spatial coherence of convection (including enhanced midtropospheric relative humidities and frontogenetic daytime sensible heat flux gradients owing to residual cloudiness) are favorable for maintaining the corridor, its persistence is most sensitive to large-scale external factors. Here, changes to the intensity and position of the large-synoptic upper-tropospheric anticyclone are associated with changes in the frequency of strong LLJs and the surface frontal position, dramatically affecting the intensity and stationarity of the precipitation corridor.

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Quintero-Bonilla, Santiago, and Angel Martín del Rey. "A New Proposal on the Advanced Persistent Threat: A Survey." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 3874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113874.

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An advanced persistent threat (APT) can be defined as a targeted and very sophisticated cyber attack. IT administrators need tools that allow for the early detection of these attacks. Several approaches have been proposed to provide solutions to this problem based on the attack life cycle. Recently, machine learning techniques have been implemented in these approaches to improve the problem of detection. This paper aims to propose a new approach to APT detection, using machine learning techniques, and is based on the life cycle of an APT attack. The proposed model is organised into two passive stages and three active stages to adapt the mitigation techniques based on machine learning.

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Kim, Y., and J. Beynon. "Effect of dosing cycles on safety of denileukin diftitox (Dd) in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients: Integrated analysis of three phase III studies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e19557-e19557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e19557.

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e19557 Background: Dd is a novel IL-2 receptor-targeted recombinant fusion protein that is approved for treatment of persistent/recurrent CTCL expressing CD25. To date, Dd is the most extensively studied agent in CTCL. The safety of Dd was assessed with respect to dosing cycle in CTCL subjects in 3 large phase III studies: 93–04–10 (study 10), L4389–11 (study 11) and L4389–14 (study 14). Methods: Subjects received Dd doses of 9 or 18 mcg/kg IV daily for 5 days, repeating every 21 days for up to 8 cycles; study 11 also included a placebo arm. Subjects in studies 10 and 11 were CD25(+); study 14 also included CD25(-) subjects. Safety data from these studies were integrated and are presented by dosing cycle. Results: Table 1 shows a summary of all reported adverse events (AEs) by cycle for the 3 studies. For subjects completing at least 4 cycles of Dd treatment the incidence of any AEs was lower in the 3rd and 4th cycles as compared to the 1st and 2nd cycles and the incidence of AEs continued to decrease after cycle 4. Conclusions: In the studies analyzed, the incidence of AEs decreased with each subsequent treatment cycle for subjects receiving Dd. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

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Van Lent, Sarah, and Daisy Vanrompay. "Chlamydia psittaci reference genes for normalisation of expression data differ depending on the culture conditions and selected time points during the chlamydial replication cycle." Journal of Veterinary Research 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2016-0060.

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Abstract Introduction: Chlamydia psittaci is a gram-negative obligate intracellular pathogen of birds. Poultry infections lead to economic losses and can be transmitted to humans. No vaccine is available and the bacterium-host cell interaction is not completely understood. Replicating bacteria cause pneumonia, but C. psittaci can also be non-replicating and persistent inside the cytoplasm of avian cells. RT-qPCR provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of both active replicating and persistent Chlamydia psittaci in birds, but requires identification of stably expressed reference genes to avoid biases. Material and Methods: We investigated the expression stability of 10 C. psittaci candidate reference genes for gene expression analysis during normal growth and penicillin-induced persistence. C. psittaci Cal10 was cultured in HeLa229 and RNA was extracted. The expression level of each candidate was examined by RT-qPCR and Cq values were analysed using geNorm. Results: The genes tyrS, gidA, radA, and 16S rRNA ranked among the most stably expressed. The final selected reference genes differed according to the bacterial growth status (normal growth versus persistent status), and the time points selected during the duration of the normal chlamydial developmental cycle. Conclusion: The study data show the importance of systematic validation of reference genes to confirm their stability within the strains and under the conditions selected.

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Leahy, Denis, and Yuyang Wang. "The 35-Day Cycle of Hercules X-1 in Multiple Energy Bands from MAXI and Swift/BAT Monitoring." Universe 7, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7060160.

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Hercules X-1 (Her X-1) has been monitored by MAXI and by Swift/BAT for over a decade. Those observations are analyzed to measure the shape and energy dependence of the long-term average of the 35-day cycle of Her X-1. The cross-correlation (CC) method is used to determine peak times and cycle lengths. Swift/BAT data produces better 35-day times because of the gaps in the MAXI data. Using Swift/BAT-derived times, average 35-day cycle light-curves are created for multiple energy bands: MAXI’s 2–20 keV, 2–4 keV, 4–10 keV and 10–20 keV bands and Swift/BAT’s 15–50 keV band. The durations of the different states of the 35-day cycle are measured better than previously. We find clear changes in X-ray softness ratio with 35-day phase, and detect persistent features in the 35-day cycle. These include column density changes during turn-on of Main High and of Short High states, and persistent absorption dips during the bright part of Main High and of Short High states.

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Simpson, David, Almut Arneth, Gina Mills, Sverre Solberg, and Johan Uddling. "Ozone — the persistent menace: interactions with the N cycle and climate change." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 9-10 (November 2014): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2014.07.008.

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Crosby, Catherine M., Pramod Nehete, K. Jagannadha Sastry, and Michael A. Barry. "Amplified and Persistent Immune Responses Generated by Single-Cycle Replicating Adenovirus Vaccines." Journal of Virology 89, no. 1 (October 29, 2014): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02184-14.

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ABSTRACTReplication-competent adenoviral (RC-Ad) vectors generate exceptionally strong gene-based vaccine responses by amplifying the antigen transgenes they carry. While they are potent, they also risk causing adenovirus infections. More common replication-defective Ad (RD-Ad) vectors with deletions of E1 avoid this risk but do not replicate their transgene and generate markedly weaker vaccine responses. To amplify vaccine transgenes while avoiding production of infectious progeny viruses, we engineered “single-cycle” adenovirus (SC-Ad) vectors by deleting the gene for IIIa capsid cement protein of lower-seroprevalence adenovirus serotype 6. In mouse, human, hamster, and macaque cells, SC-Ad6 still replicated its genome but prevented genome packaging and virion maturation. When used for mucosal intranasal immunization of Syrian hamsters, both SC-Ad and RC-Ad expressed transgenes at levels hundreds of times higher than that of RD-Ad. Surprisingly, SC-Ad, but not RC-Ad, generated higher levels of transgene-specific antibody than RD-Ad, which notably climbed in serum and vaginal wash samples over 12 weeks after single mucosal immunization. When RD-Ad and SC-Ad were tested by single sublingual immunization in rhesus macaques, SC-Ad generated higher gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses and higher transgene-specific serum antibody levels. These data suggest that SC-Ad vectors may have utility as mucosal vaccines.IMPORTANCEThis work illustrates the utility of our recently developed single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad6) vector as a new vaccine platform. Replication-defective (RD-Ad6) vectors produce low levels of transgene protein, which leads to minimal antibody responsesin vivo. This study shows that replicating SC-Ad6 produces higher levels of luciferase and induces higher levels of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-specific antibodies than RD in a permissive Syrian hamster model. Surprisingly, although a replication-competent (RC-Ad6) vector produces more luciferase than SC-Ad6, it does not elicit comparable levels of anti-GFP antibodies in permissive hamsters. When tested in the larger rhesus macaque model, SC-Ad6 induces higher transgene-specific antibody and T cell responses. Together, these data suggest that SC-Ad6 could be a more effective platform for developing vaccines against more relevant antigens. This could be especially beneficial for developing vaccines for pathogens for which traditional replication-defective adenovirus vectors have not been effective.

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Livshits, Igor, James MacGee, and Michèle Tertilt. "Consumer Bankruptcy: A Fresh Start." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 402–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.1.402.

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Consumer bankruptcy provides partial insurance against bad luck, but, by driving up interest rates, makes life-cycle smoothing more difficult. We argue that to assess this trade-off one needs a quantitative model of consumer bankruptcy with three key features: life-cycle component, idiosyncratic earnings uncertainty, and expense uncertainty (exogenous negative shocks to household balance sheets). We find that transitory and persistent earnings shocks have very different implications for evaluating bankruptcy rules. More persistent shocks make the bankruptcy option more desirable. Larger transitory shocks have the opposite effect. Our findings suggest the current US bankruptcy system may be desirable for reasonable parameter values. (JEL D14, D91, K35)

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Mankouri, Hocine W., and Ian D. Hickson. "Top3 Processes Recombination Intermediates and Modulates Checkpoint Activity after DNA Damage." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 10 (October 2006): 4473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-06-0516.

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Mutation of TOP3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes poor growth, hyperrecombination, and a failure to fully activate DNA damage checkpoints in S phase. Here, we report that overexpression of a dominant-negative allele of TOP3, TOP3Y356F, which lacks the catalytic (decatenation) activity of Top3, causes impaired S-phase progression and the persistence of abnormal DNA structures (X-shaped DNA molecules) after exposure to methylmethanesulfonate. The impaired S-phase progression is due to a persistent checkpoint-mediated cell cycle delay and can be overridden by addition of caffeine. Hence, the catalytic activity of Top3 is not required for DNA damage checkpoint activation, but it is required for normal S-phase progression after DNA damage. We also present evidence that the checkpoint-mediated cell cycle delay and persistence of X-shaped DNA molecules resulting from overexpression of TOP3Y356F are downstream of Rad51 function. We propose that Top3 functions in S phase to both process homologous recombination intermediates and modulate checkpoint activity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Persistent cycle'

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