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1
Catese, Valentina <1989>. "Quale ruolo per l'Unione Europea nel Golfo Persico." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3758.
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La crescente dipendenza dal petrolio dei paesi industrializzati ha fatto sì che il Golfo Persico, a partire dalla scoperta dell'incommensurabile ricchezza custodita nel suo sottosuolo, abbia ricoperto un ruolo di sempre maggiore rilevanza sulla scena internazionale.
Lo scopo del presente elaborato è quello di analizzare i mutamenti delle relazioni tra i Paesi del Golfo Persico e il loro "vicino lontano", l'Unione Europea, istituzionalizzate nel 1988 attraverso la firma dell'Accordo di Cooperazione. Muovendo da un'analisi delle peculiarità geostrategiche della regione e degli elementi, uno su tutti il petrolio, che hanno contribuito alla sua imprescindibilità, si procederà in seguito a fornire un quadro completo dell'evoluzione che le relazioni tra le due organizzazioni hanno registrato; ci si focalizzerà dunque, al fine di pervenire ad un bilancio globale di un quarto di secolo di relazioni bilaterali, su sei specifiche aree di cooperazione: la cooperazione economica, l'agricoltura, l'energia, gli investimenti, l'educazione e i diritti umani.
Infine, un country focus sull'Arabia Saudita mostrerà come il Paese più influente del GCC per possesso di greggio e posizione geografica si sia posto in questo lasso di tempo nei confronti del suo alleato storico, Washington, e della "new entry" della regione, l'Unione Europea.
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Mengoni, Luisa <1978>. "Rimesse e sviluppo locale nel sistema migratorio del Golfo Persico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/768/1/Tesi_Mengoni_Luisa.pdf.
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The thesis concerns, from an economic and institutional point of view, the migration process
in connection with development issues, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa region.
Adopting a south-south perspective of migration flows, which is focusing on migration from the
Maghreb and Mashreq towards the GCC, the research focuses on the linkage between migration and
local development (LED), considering the economic implication that temporary migration flows
(trough physical and human capital accumulation) have for the labour exporting countries of the
region. Since south-south migration flows are both temporary and skilled, the research points out
that return migrants from the GCC can have a significant impact for the growth of recipient
countries, as they transfer capital through remittances on regular basis and, once back, they can use
human capital acquired abroad to promote economic initiatives. Starting from the descriptive
analysis on international migration flows (from an historical to a systemic point of view), and
focusing on the patterns of people movements in the Gulf Migration System and on the role
remittances have in the region as a strategy for both household survival and local development, the
research considers the economics of migrant remittances from a micro and macro perspective and
the main direct and indirect effects that remittances have on the local communities. The review of
the economic literature on international remittances and on local development shows how migration
is an alternative strategy of financing local economic development (LED) especially for low-middle
income countries (among them the Maghreb countries). The linkage between return migration,
remittances, human capital formation and the promotion of local development in the Egyptian case
is the focus of the empirical investigation.
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Mengoni, Luisa <1978>. "Rimesse e sviluppo locale nel sistema migratorio del Golfo Persico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/768/.
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The thesis concerns, from an economic and institutional point of view, the migration process
in connection with development issues, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa region.
Adopting a south-south perspective of migration flows, which is focusing on migration from the
Maghreb and Mashreq towards the GCC, the research focuses on the linkage between migration and
local development (LED), considering the economic implication that temporary migration flows
(trough physical and human capital accumulation) have for the labour exporting countries of the
region. Since south-south migration flows are both temporary and skilled, the research points out
that return migrants from the GCC can have a significant impact for the growth of recipient
countries, as they transfer capital through remittances on regular basis and, once back, they can use
human capital acquired abroad to promote economic initiatives. Starting from the descriptive
analysis on international migration flows (from an historical to a systemic point of view), and
focusing on the patterns of people movements in the Gulf Migration System and on the role
remittances have in the region as a strategy for both household survival and local development, the
research considers the economics of migrant remittances from a micro and macro perspective and
the main direct and indirect effects that remittances have on the local communities. The review of
the economic literature on international remittances and on local development shows how migration
is an alternative strategy of financing local economic development (LED) especially for low-middle
income countries (among them the Maghreb countries). The linkage between return migration,
remittances, human capital formation and the promotion of local development in the Egyptian case
is the focus of the empirical investigation.
4
FELIPPONE, ELIA. "Squilibri di potenza, conflitti regionali e competizione bipolare: le sfide agli interessi di sicurezza statunitensi nel Golfo Persico negli anni di Carter e di Reagan." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/40671.
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The research work analyzes U.S. security policy in the Persian Gulf region during the Carter and Reagan administrations. In the State of the Union Address of January 1980, President Carter declared that “an attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force”. Among historians it is now widely acknowledged that Carter enacted a revolutionary change in the regional strategy security of the United States, assuming that the United States would no longer delegate to others the military responsibility of the defence of American interests in the Persian Gulf. The research work, based on extensive examination of U.S. published and unpublished documents, is aimed at comprehending the origins of Carter’s commitment to the Persian Gulf region and at assessing the outcome of such a commitment.
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Fuser, Igor. "O petróleo e o envolvimento militar dos Estados Unidos no Golfo Pérsico (1945-2003) /." São Paulo : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96295.
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O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas".Orientador: Luís Fernando Ayerbe
Banca: Sebastião Velasco e Cruz
Banca: Rafael Duarte Villa
Resumo: O trabalho investiga os vínculos entre, de um lado, a crescente presença militar dos EUA e seu envolvimento em conflitos no Golfo Pérsico e, do outro, o aumento da importância econômica e estratégica das reservas de petróleo dessa região. O trabalho busca as raízes históricas dos conflitos da atualidade. Para isso, focaliza a atuação internacional das grandes empresas petrolíferas e a evolução da estratégia norte-americana no Golfo Pérsico desde a II Guerra Mundial. Esse estudo utiliza como referência as sucessivas doutrinas de política externa aplicadas pelos EUA no Golfo Pérsico, com destaque para a Doutrina Carter, que declara o acesso norte-americano ao petróleo da região como um interesse "vital", a ser defendido pela força, se necessário. O trabalho constata que as intervenções militares norte-americanas no Oriente Médio se tornaram mais intensas e freqüentes depois do fim da Guerra Fria. Esse fenômeno é explicado pela dependência crescente dos EUA e da economia mundial em relação às reservas petrolíferas da região, cuja importância estratégica aumenta na medida em que o petróleo se torna mais escasso no resto do mundo. A partir da análise de documentos oficiais, o presente trabalho constata que os EUA adotaram, no governo de George W. Bush, uma política de energia cujo ponto central é convencer os países produtores a extrair petróleo de acordo com a máxima capacidade possível, a fim de enfrentar a escassez e de manter os preços em patamares compatíveis com os interesses norte-americanos. Essa política, que encara o acesso à energia como uma questão de segurança e tem como instrumento fundamental a força militar, tende a acirrar a resistência nacionalista nos países produtores mais importantes, agravando os conflitos já existentes no Golfo Pérsico.
Mestre
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Mason, Kirsty. "Puppets of the Barbarian : how Persia controlled Greek relations with the Persian Empire." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56642/.
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The study of Graeco-Persian relations is not new to academia, however, as much of our information is found within Greek literary texts, we are largely at the mercy of Greek bias concerning these relations. This thesis will present a detailed re-examination of the relevant sources to gain further understanding of Graeco-Persian relations, with a view to looking beyond Greek literary bias. This thesis proposes that the influence of the Persian Empire upon the Greeks was greater than is initially implied by our sources and I argue that in the majority of the contacts between Greek and Persian, Persia took control. The notable exception to this is the highly debated Peace of Callias, which forced Persia to offer concessions to the Greeks, but it should be noted that we have no record of possible Greek concessions to Persia, and so we must treat this topic with caution. This thesis expands our knowledge of Graeco-Persian relations by taking a view of the entire period of these relations, from initial contacts until the accession of Alexander the Great, allowing us to view more general trends throughout this period, rather than viewing shorter phases within the whole period.
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Sauge, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse des mecanismes de la resistance du pecher prunus persica (l. ) batsch au puceron vert myzus persicae (sulzer)." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066458.
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L'expression de la resistance au puceron vert myzus persicae (sulzer) a ete etudiee chez quatre varietes de pecher (prunus persica (l. ) batsch et chez le clone p1908 de l'espece prunus davidiana (carr. ) franch. Chez rubira et weeping flower peach, la resistance agit par antixenose ; elle a vraisemblablement pour origine la presence de substances phloemiennes a forte activite antiappetante ou phagorepulsive. Chez rubira, les piqures du puceron induisent des reactions de defense, qui semblent associees a des signaux que le puceron detecte dans le mesophylle et dans les faisceaux vasculaires. Chez summergrand, malo konare et p1908, la resistance agit par antibiose. Chez summergrand et malo konare, l'action depressive de la resistance sur les stades larvaires est plus marquee que chez p1908 ; les facteurs de resistance, localises dans les tissus vasculaires et dans les tubes cribles, restreignent l'activite d'ingestion de seve. Chez p1908, la fonction reproductrice du puceron est fortement affectee : un mecanisme physiologique destine a restreindre l'ecoulement de seve dans les tubes cribles est probablement responsable de la resistance. L'analyse phenotypique et genotypique de la descendance hybride summergrand p1908 a permis de caracteriser les facteurs genetiques impliques dans la resistance. Chez p1908, un qtl de resistance majeur est associe a un mecanisme de defense phloemien conduisant a la reduction de l'ingestion de seve elaboree. Un autre qtl a effet mineur gouverne l'expression de facteurs de resistance localises dans le mesophylle et dans le parenchyme vasculaire. Le qtl de resistance detecte chez summergrand est associe a des facteurs de resistance pre-phloemiens et phloemiens, qui retardent l'apparition de l'ingestion et perturbent l'installation des styles du puceron dans les tubes cribles. Le caractere complementaire des resistances conferees par l'ensemble de ces genotypes permet d'envisager la construction d'une resistance durable a m. Persicae chez le pecher.
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Fuser, Igor [UNESP]. "O petróleo e o envolvimento militar dos Estados Unidos no Golfo Pérsico (1945-2003)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96295.
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fuser_i_me_mar.pdf: 915056 bytes, checksum: 28696b7832f59cf52b3e2fdb4ff37d9f (MD5)O trabalho investiga os vínculos entre, de um lado, a crescente presença militar dos EUA e seu envolvimento em conflitos no Golfo Pérsico e, do outro, o aumento da importância econômica e estratégica das reservas de petróleo dessa região. O trabalho busca as raízes históricas dos conflitos da atualidade. Para isso, focaliza a atuação internacional das grandes empresas petrolíferas e a evolução da estratégia norte-americana no Golfo Pérsico desde a II Guerra Mundial. Esse estudo utiliza como referência as sucessivas doutrinas de política externa aplicadas pelos EUA no Golfo Pérsico, com destaque para a Doutrina Carter, que declara o acesso norte-americano ao petróleo da região como um interesse vital, a ser defendido pela força, se necessário. O trabalho constata que as intervenções militares norte-americanas no Oriente Médio se tornaram mais intensas e freqüentes depois do fim da Guerra Fria. Esse fenômeno é explicado pela dependência crescente dos EUA e da economia mundial em relação às reservas petrolíferas da região, cuja importância estratégica aumenta na medida em que o petróleo se torna mais escasso no resto do mundo. A partir da análise de documentos oficiais, o presente trabalho constata que os EUA adotaram, no governo de George W. Bush, uma política de energia cujo ponto central é convencer os países produtores a extrair petróleo de acordo com a máxima capacidade possível, a fim de enfrentar a escassez e de manter os preços em patamares compatíveis com os interesses norte-americanos. Essa política, que encara o acesso à energia como uma questão de segurança e tem como instrumento fundamental a força militar, tende a acirrar a resistência nacionalista nos países produtores mais importantes, agravando os conflitos já existentes no Golfo Pérsico.
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DANDAL, IMAD AL DIN. "Contribution a l'etude du couple prunus persica : pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae, in vitro - i9 obtention des vitroplants -ii) relations hote-parasite." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066125.
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Le travail presente dans ce memoire avait pour but d'etudier in vitro les interactions pecher-pseudomonas syringae pv. Persicae. Une large part a du etre consacree a l'obtention du materiel vegetal approprie a cette etude. Les explants initiaux (apex et microboutures) ont ete preleves sur trois varietes de pecher, differemment sensibles au pathogene. Les pousses feuillees se sont multipliees sur un milieu riche en benzyl-aminopurine. Un allongement spectaculaire des vitroplants a ete obtenu sur un milieu non gelose, additionne d'un melange de deux gibberellines, le ga4 et le ga7. La rhizogenese a ete induite par un traitement auxinique approprie sur un milieu contenant une solution minerale diluee de moitie. Par ailleurs, un schema experimental a ete mis au point a partir de vitroplants allonges, cultives en milieu liquide. Ce schema permet de reproduire les symptomes de la maladie sur les vitroplants des trois varietes employees, d'obtenir un classement varietal in vitro vis-a-vis de p. Persicae comparable a celui observe en verger et de differencier le comportement des deux clones de p. Persicae. Les resultats obtenus indiquent le role determinant joue par la temperature d'incubation a 6c, avec interruption par un choc thermique a 3c, dans l'etude des interactions pecher-p. Persicae
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Сейедег, Анагіта Мір Джалалі. "Persian architecture." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12969.
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Wierzbicki, Andre John. "The Crown Jewel: History, Memory And The 1941 Invasion Of Persia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14200.
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In August 1941, the territory of Persia was jointly invaded by Britain and the Soviet Union, a event now largely forgotten. The invasion took place less than two months after the launch of Operation Barbarossa by Hitler, and at the time there was a widely held view that the Wehrmacht’s successes in the West would be replicated in the East. Historical accounts generally identify three reasons behind the British decision to invade. Those reasons are: (1) the (vague) “German threat” comprising sabotage, insurgency and damage to British interests in the country; (2) the strategic British-controlled oil assets and the refinery at Abadan; and (3) the ability to supply materiel to the Soviet Union via the so-called “Persian Corridor”. What most accounts of the invasion do not refer to is the defence of India as a component in the British decision to invade. I review a number of primary and secondary materials – the history of British Imperial interests in Persia, British archives, Indian military history and mass media accounts – which all clearly show the defence of India as a key factor in the decision to invade. I then consider the reasons why the defence of India has slipped from the historical narrative. My analysis draws on a number of the ideas and concepts from the field of memory studies, including thinking about the function of collective memory. I propose that the rapid and dramatic act of Indian independence in 1947, combined with the change in normative attitudes towards Imperialism and the British Empire postwar, resulted in the narrative of the Second World War being the preferred basis for subsequent and contemporary accounts of the invasion, to the exclusion of Imperial factors.
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Hawley, K. "How things persist." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603868.
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In chapter 1 I introduce the initially most plausible account of persistence, called "endurance theory". According to endurance theory, objects are wholly present at every moment at which they exist. I consider three major problems for the theory. First, there is the problem of change: how can a single object have different properties at different times, without contradiction? Second, the theory must explain how, for example, a statue relates to the lump of clay which makes it up, given that they have different histories. Third, the theory must explain how there can be vague matters of identity over time. I conclude that this initially plausible account of persistence has great difficulty in dealing with these three problems. In chapter 2 I introduce a rival account of persistence, "perdurance theory". According to perdurance theory, persisting objects are four-dimensional, and are present at different moments by having different temporal parts at those different moments. This account is much less appealing on the surface, but I show that it makes a better job of solving the three problems, presented in chapter 1. In chapter 3 I assess the metaphysical consequences of an argument by Saul Kripke about the persistence of a completely homogeneous disc, which may or may not be rotating. Kripke takes this argument to cause grave problems for perdurance theory, but I argue that the theory can survive if modified. This modification may, for some, reduce the appeal of the theory, but other advantages of perdurance theory remain. In chapter 4 I investigate the notion of a criterion of identity, partly for its own sake, but partly because it is important for the broader discussion of persistence.
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Wright, Briggs Marvin. "Do things persist?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405577.
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Hashemi, Mahkam. "Persian Cultural Center." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83812.
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Culture is a foundation of each community and it creates society identity.
Maybe you are searching among the branches for what only appear in the roots? -Rumi
In my thesis, by designing a Persian Cultural Center in Washington D.C. on the site of the former embassy of Iran, I want to produce and define a place that introduces architecturally the theme of Persian culture and education which has continuously developed over the past many centuries. It will express the value of architecture in defining the context of theoretical foundations and ideology of the Persians.
There is nothing more timely today than that truth, which is timeless, than the message that comes from tradition and is relevant now because it has been relevant at all times. Such as message belong to a now which has been, is and will ever be present .To speak of tradition is to speak of immutable principles of heavenly origin and of their application to different moments of time and space. It is also to speak of the continuity of certain doctrines and of the sacred forms, which are the means whereby, these doctrines are conveyed to men and whereby the teachings of the tradition are actualized within men. -The sense of unityMaster of Architecture
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Rashti, Sogol. "Persian in practice." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2003.
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Since the beginning of humankind, architecture has been a sacred source for all civilizations, and that has provided a gateway for man to reach the heavens above. In terms of concept and value, Persian art and architecture is considered as a rich source to be acknowledged. Within Persian architecture, the emphasis was placed strongly on beauty and sacred geometry; Persians calculated the proportions of heaven reflected upon them in the dimensions of buildings on the earth.
Iranian culture has utilized the written word as an art form; this goes beyond normal means of communication. Iranian calligraphers produced eloquent styles and patterns through their divine talent, and this was displayed in the architecture. Parviz Tanavoli, as the greatest contemporary artist of Iran, has a strong tendency to be attracted to words and letters which has a long history in Iranian culture.
Experimenting through aspects of cultural interaction in fine and applied arts has led to the understanding that when aesthetic elements of cultures are used to create a new design, it leads to both a new aesthetic creation and a fresh understanding of the cultures involved. This collection was designed and manufactured by concentrating on organic and curved forms and utilizing them in the design practice, while having a touch on cultural elements such as patterns and alphabets. The curved abstract shapes create a conceptual harmony, depicted in Persian patterns via functional three dimensional pieces.
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Frances, Laurent. "Le persil." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2PE84.
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Lyngved, Ragnhild. "Somatic embryogenesisin Cyclamen persicum." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5180.
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Raghibdoust, Shahla. "Interrogative constructions in Persian." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6547.
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This thesis treats the various constructions of interrogativity in colloquial modern Persian, within the Government and Binding framework. Chapter 2 presents the basic properties and the various methods of forming yes-no questions. I argue that changes in word-order may not be considered as a strategy to indicate an interrogativity, and that consequently, the movement of the verb from its position in I to C in Persian, unlike languages such as English, is disallowed. I also propose the possibility of assigning a mood phrase (MP) position to the yes-no particles. Chapter 3 gives a detailed survey of the movement processes of Wh-words which, prima facie, appear to be a syntactic movement. However, exploring the more complicated data, we subsequently arrive at the conclusion that this movement, by and large, patterns with an optional topicalization process, and has nothing to do with the syntactic movement to SPEC CP. I propose that the availability of question particles in a number of languages, including Persian, correlates with the lack of syntactic Wh-movement. Persian extraction patterns are argued to resemble those of Nordic languages in which no structural constraint is imposed. Subjacency, therefore, is unable to explain the extraction phenomenon in this language. To give a reasonable account of the extraction rules in Persian Dominance, in turn, is proposed as a convincing condition. Chapter 4 concentrates on the fact that multiple Wh-fronting in Persian is radically different from extensively-studied languages, such as Bulgarian and Romanian, even though these languages manifest resemblance with respect to a number of properties. Furthermore, it is shown that in multiple Wh-fronting languages, the Wh-phrases are morphologically complex, and need to satisfy a licensing requirement independent of clausal typing. This morphological characteristic is absent, however, in Persian. Analysis of the preceding factors leads me to propose that multiple Wh-fronting in Persian also results from adjunction of Wh-phrases to IP, in other words, topicalization.
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Stefanopoulou, Evgenia. "Why does worry persist?" Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551211.
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Background & Aims: Perseverative worry constitutes a cardinal feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and has been thought to be crucial in the maintenance of the disorder. According to the Processing Efficiency Theory (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992), worry consumes working memory capacities, leading therefore to worry perseveration. This thesis sought to examine such capacities in healthy participants and determine whether and how these may be compromised in individuals diagnosed with GAD. Methods: To examine residual working memory capacities, participants performed a randomization task while thinking about a worry or positive topic. To explore whether limitations in randomization might reflect more general attentional deficits, participants also performed a single working memory task without concurrent task demands. Results GAD participants were less random than healthy participants, irrespective of task condition. Although GAD individuals were less random while worrying compared to the positive condition, healthy participants did not show such differences. Moreover, GAD participants required longer reaction times to perform the higher load conditions of the single working memory task relative to healthy participants. Conclusions: Results provide further empirical support that GAD individuals have less residual working memory capacity when worrying and, thus, fewer attentional resources available to redirect their thoughts away from worry (and onto other tasks). GAD participants exhibited attentional deficits during the higher load conditions of the single task, suggesting they were less able to sustain focus on tasks requiring a high degree of attentional control, even without concurrent task demands. Findings implicate depletion of working memory capacities in-the pathophysiology of GAD and suggest that exploring further the impact of the worrying process on such capacities may be of great clinical significance. Findings may be valuable in delineating possible vulnerability and protective factors to the development of GAD and help inform early and effective interventions for this debilitating disorder.
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Keeler, Annabel. "Persian Sufism and Exegesis:." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504091.
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Dehdari, Jonathan M. "Crossing Dependencies in Persian." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1441.pdf.
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Perse, Kissel Walter. "Aules Persius Flaccus, Satiren /." Heidelberg : C. Winter Universitätsverlag, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354530026.
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Modarresi, Fereshteh. "Bare nouns in Persian." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17366.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht das variable Verhalten von sogenannten „bare nouns“ (Nominale ohne Artikel) im Persischen. Dieses Verhalten kann jedoch nicht verstanden werden ohne eine Reihe von entscheidenden Eigenschaften der persischen Satzstruktur zu betrachten. Dazu gehören Informationsstruktur, Prosodie und Wortstellung, sowie die semantischen und syntaktischen Funktionen verschiedener morphologischer Markierungen im Persischen. Die vorliegende Dissertation kann daher zum besseren Verständnis von satzinterner Syntax, Semantik und Prosodie des Persischen beitragen. Ich beginne meine Untersuchung mit dem Vergleich der BNs in verschiedenen Positionen mit Nominalen, die mit verschiedenen Morphemen gekennzeichnet sind. Die quasi-inkorporierten Nominale im Persischen scheinen zur Klasse der diskursintransparenten inkorporierenden Sprachen zu gehören. Doch dies scheint nicht immer zu stimmen, unter bestimmten Umständen zeigen persische BNs Diskurstransparenz. In Kapitel 3 untersuche ich daher, unter welchen Umständen BNs Diskurstransparenz zeigen und warum. In Kapitel 3 präsentiere ich einen Alternativvorschlag zu Farkas & de Swart, in dem ich darlege, dass ein BN tatsächlich einen neuen Diskursreferenten einführt. Aber der Numerus von BNs ist neutral (numerusneutralen Diskursreferenten).In der zweiten Hälfte der Dissertation wird die Interpretation von BNs in verschiedenen Positionen und mit unterschiedlichen grammatischen Funktionen diskutiert. Kapitel 4 konzentriert sich auf BNs in Objektposition. Wir stellen einen direkten Vergleich an zwischen BNs als tatsächliche BNs, d.h. Nominale, die nicht mit einem Morphem markiert sind, und Kontexten, in denen sie mit dem Morphem -ra auftreten. Ich werde argumentieren, dass -ra lediglich markiert, dass ein BN oder auch ein anderes Nominal nicht in seiner VP-internen Position interpretiert, sondern in eine VP-externe Domäne bewegt wird. Das bedeutet, das Morphem -ra ist ein syntaktisches Morphem auf Phrasenebene.This thesis explores the variable behavior of bare nouns in Persian. Bare singular nouns realize different grammatical functions, including subject, object and indirect object. They receive different interpretations, including generic, definite and existential readings. However, the task of understanding the reasons for, and limits on, this variation cannot be achieved without understanding a number of pivotal features of Persian sentential architecture, including Information Structure, prosody, word order, and the functions of various morphological markers in Persian. With respect to the discourse transparency of Incorporated Nominals, under certain circumstances, Persian bare nouns show discourse transparency. These circumstances are examined in chapter 3, and it is proposed that bare nouns do introduce a number neutral discourse referent. This proposal is phrased within Discourse Representation Theory. In the second half of the dissertation, the interpretation of bare nouns in different positions and with different grammatical functions are discussed. Under the independently supported hypothesis of position>interpretation mapping developed by Diesing (1992), we will see the role of the suffix -ra in indicating that an object has been moved out of VP. For subjects, there is no morphological marking corresponding to –ra on objects, and we have to rely on prosody and word order to determine how a VP is interpreted using theories of the interaction of accent and syntactic structure. It is proposed that both subject and object originate within the VP, and can move out to the VP-external domain. The motivation for these movements are informational-structural in nature, relating in particular to the distinctions between given and new information, and default and non-default information structure.
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Safiri, Floreeda. "South Persia Rifles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523628.
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This thesis attempts to demonstrate how the British Government, through the creation of the South Persian Rifles (1916-1921) tried to protect their interests in south Persia, in the special circumstances of the outbreak of World War I, with the official sanction of the Persian Government. The account is given of the origins of the force, of the differences of opinions on its aims and objectives, of its organisation and strategy, its operations and other activities mainly in Fars. The "Sipahdär" agreement of August 1916 is treated in some detail and the relevance of the non-recognition of the force to the subsequent tribal uprisings and disturbances in Fars is examined. Lastly, the significance of the role of the South Persian Rifles is assessed in the light of the 1919 agreement and the aftermath of war, as well as the force's contribution to internal developments. An attempt has been made to discuss these issues as much from the point of view of the different departments of the Imperial and Indian Governments, as from the Persian standpoint. Events in the south have been treated more fully than hitherto from the perspective of internal Persian history
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Rousselin, Aurélie. "Contribution des pratiques culturales (irrigation et fertilisation azotée) à la gestion des populations de pucerons en verger fruitier : Cas des systèmes pêcher - puceron vert du pêcher (Prunus persica - Myzus persicae) et pommier - puceron cendré (Malus domestica - Dysaphis plantaginea)." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0681/document.
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Les pucerons sont des ravageurs importants des principales espèces fruitières en France, pêcher et pommier notamment. Dans le but de réduire l’usage des produits phytosanitaires, différentes alternatives sont envisagées pour contrôler les pucerons en verger. Nous avons commencé ce travail de thèse par une synthèse des différentes méthodes alternatives de contrôle envisageables et leur positionnement au cours des différentes étapes du cycle biologique du puceron. Puis nous avons étudié les effets de la modulation des caractéristiques de la plante hôte, via les pratiques culturales, sur l’abondance des pucerons. Notre étude se base sur l’hypothèse « Plant Vigor » qui énonce que les insectes phytophages sont plus performants sur les plantes ou les organes de forte vigueur. Par conséquent, sur nos deux dispositifs expérimentaux factoriels nous avons combiné des suivis dynamiques de croissance végétative et d’abondance de pucerons : Prunus persica - Myzus persicae (2 niveaux d’irrigation × 2 niveaux d’apport azoté) et Malus domestica - Dysaphis plantaginea (2 niveaux d’irrigation × 2 génotypes d’arbre). Les facteurs ont été choisis pour leur impact potentiel sur la croissance végétative et la qualité nutritionnelle de la plante hôte. Les expérimentations ont été menées sur de jeunes arbres en pot, ne portant pas de fruit. Au niveau du rameau, l’abondance des pucerons est positivement corrélée à la croissance végétative sur les deux systèmes étudiés. Sur pêcher, la relation disponibilité en azote et abondance de pucerons semble être médiée par le fort impact de l’azote sur la croissance végétative. L’effet négatif de la restriction hydrique sur l’abondance de pucerons ne semble pas lié à un impact sur la croissance végétative. Aussi sur le second système étudié : pommier-puceron cendré, nous avons choisi de faire varier les apports en eau et de travailler sur deux génotypes, pour tester la généricité de la réponse observée. A l’échelle du rameau, l’effet de la restriction hydrique sur l’abondance de pucerons est négatif pour un génotype et positif pour l’autre. Par contre à l’échelle de l’arbre, sur les deux génotypes l’abondance de pucerons est corrélée positivement à la croissance végétative et la restriction hydrique impacte négativement l’abondance de pucerons, ce qui suggère que la performance des pucerons est limitée sur les arbres en restriction hydrique par une autre composante que la vigueur de l’arbre. Ce travail de thèse montre que la restriction hydrique et le contrôle de la vigueur via les apports azotés peuvent s’avérer être des leviers pour le contrôle des pucerons en verger fruitier. Cependant les relations mises en évidence sont dépendantes du génotype, ainsi que de l’échelle d’analyse. Il reste à évaluer l’applicabilité de telles mesures sur des arbres en conditions de production, en prenant en compte notamment l’effet des restrictions hydrique et azotée sur la production fruitièreAphids are major pests of important fruit trees in France, especially peach and appletrees. In order to reduce chemical use, various alternatives can be implemented for themanagement of aphids in orchards. This thesis starts by a review of the different alternativemanagement methods and their positioning at different aphid life cycle stages. Then our workfocuses on the study of the effects of modulation of host plant characteristics, through culturalpractices, on aphid abundance. Our study is based on the Plant Vigor Hypothesis which statesthat phytophagous insects are more performant on vigorous plant or organ. Thus, in theexperimental part we combined dynamic assessment of vegetative growth and aphid abundanceduring two factorial experiments: Prunus persica – Myzus persicae (2 levels of water supply ×2 levels of nitrogen supply) and Malus domestica – Dysaphis plantaginea (2 levels of watersupply × 2 tree genotypes). We chose those factors for their possible impact on vegetativegrowth and nutritional quality of the host plant. We conducted the experiments on young nonbearingpotted trees. At shoot scale, aphid abundance is positively correlated to vegetativegrowth for both studied systems. On peach tree, the positive impact of nitrogen availability onaphid abundance seems to be mediated by the strong positive impact of nitrogen on vegetativegrowth. The negative effect of water restriction on aphid abundance seems to be unrelated toan impact of water availability on vegetative growth. Thus on the second studied system: appletree – rosy apple aphid, we chose to vary water supply and to work on two genotypes to test thegenericity of the observed pattern. At shoot scale, water restriction has a positive effect on aphidabundance on one tree genotype and a negative effect on the other one, whereas at tree scalefor both tree genotypes aphid abundance is positively correlated to vegetative growth and waterrestriction negatively impacts aphid abundance. These results suggest that aphid performanceon water restricted trees is limited by another host plant characteristics than vegetative growth.This thesis shows that water restriction and vigour management through nitrogen fertilizationcan be implemented to manage aphids in fruit orchards. However, the patterns evidenced aredependent on tree genotype and on the scale of analysis. The applicability of these alternativemethods remains to be assessed in producing orchards, taking into account the effects of waterand nitrogen restrictions on fruit production
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Amoozegar-Fassie, Farzad. "The poetics of Persian music : the intimate correlation between prosody and Persian classical music." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27954.
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Throughout most historical narratives and descriptions of Persian arts, poetry has had a profound influence on the development and preservation of Persian classical music, in particularly after the emergence of Islam in Iran. A Persian poetic structure consists of two parts: the form (its fundamental rhythmic structure, or prosody) and the content (the message that a poem conveys to its audience, or theme). As the practice of using rhythmic cycles—once prominent in Iran— deteriorated, prosody took its place as the source of rhythmic organization and inspiration. The recognition and reliance on poetry was especially evident amongst Iranian musicians, who by the time of Islamic rule had been banished from the public sphere due to the sinful socio-religious outlook placed on music. As the musicians’ dependency on prosody steadily grew stronger, poetry became the preserver, and, to a great extent, the foundation of Persian music’s oral tradition. While poetry has always been a significant part of any performance of Iranian classical music, little attention has been paid to the vitality of Persian/Arabic prosody as its main rhythmic basis. Poetic prosody is the rhythmic foundation of the Persian repertoire the radif, and as such it makes possible the development, memorization, expansion, and creation of the complex rhythmic and melodic compositions during the art of improvisation.
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Tavassolie, Abolfazl. "Eine Trilogie zum Monismus die Interaktion zwischen persischer Literatur und Kino im Werk des Abbas Kiarostami." Berlin Köster, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993792014/04.
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Ranǧbar, Īrānī Naṣrīn. "Šeʻr-e nou-e fārsī : die Entwicklung der modernen persischen Dichtung = Die neue persische Dichtung /." Berlin : Schwarz, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2901833&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Shabani-Jadidi, Pouneh. "Processing Compound Verbs in Persian." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22717.
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This study investigates how Persian compound verbs are processed in the mental lexicon, through which we can infer how they are stored, organized, and accessed. The study focuses on investigating Persian compound verbs in light of psycholinguistic theories on polymorphemic word processing as well as linguistic theories of complex predicates.
The psycholinguistic section details three experiments addressing the following three research questions: (1) whether compound verb constituents show significant priming in the masked-priming paradigm; (2) whether priming effects are constrained by semantic transparency; and (3) whether priming effects are due to morphological relatedness.
This study revealed several findings: (1) compound verbs in Persian are decomposed into their constituents at early stages of processing, (2) at early stages of processing, decomposition is based on purely orthographic similarity, (3) although both transparent and opaque compound constituents were facilitated while processing, transparency had an impact on processing in the early stages of processing.
Finally, the findings seem to support a parallel input effect or competing alternative effect for the verbal constituent of the transparent compound verb, as reflected in the slower facilitation for the verbal constituent compared to the nominal constituent.
In theoretical studies on Persian complex predicates, the compound verb formation can be either lexical or syntactic. The overall evidence reflected in the linguistic data for Persian complex predicates presented in this dissertation as well as the results of the experimental studies carried out in this research seem to point towards lexical compounding in Persian compound verb formation. The evidence comes from (1) the nominalization of the compound, i.e. the possibility of using the compound verb as a noun; (2) the atelicity feature, i.e. the possibility of using the compound verb after the progressive expression dar haale ‘in the process of’, which indicates an incomplete action; and (3) the nonreferentiality of the nominal constituent in the compound verb, i.e. the nominal constituent cannot be followed by a pronoun that refers to it.
On the other hand, the results of the experimental studies reported in this dissertation seem to support a lexical approach to compound verbs in Persian. The technique used in these experimental studies was masked priming paradigm, which investigates the prelexical and lexical processing. The results reveal constituent priming effects under masked priming technique. This indicates that Persian compound verb constituents are accessed at the prelexical stage of processing. Syntactic calculations are said to be done at later stages of processing. Therefore, the early processing of compound verb constituents leads us to the argument for the lexicality of Persian compound verbs.
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Karimi-Doostan, Gholamhossein. "Light verb construction in Persian." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388571.
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Greatrex, Geoffrey. "Procopius and the Persian Wars." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2d96e232-00b1-425a-879e-72d6c1a165bd.
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This thesis takes as its focus book I of Procopius' Persian Wars in an attempt to investigate both the events it describes and the way in which they are reported. A two-fold approach has therefore been employed, on the one hand dealing with the actual events, and on the other with Procopius' handling of them compared to that of other sources. While the first chapter thus considers Procopius himself and the genre of 'classicising' history, the second provides the fifth-century background to the events. Subsequent chapters generally consider the events in question first, before going on to examine Procopius' account in detail. The third chapter investigates Procopius' information on Sasanian history and the Hephthalite Huns, which is remarkably detailed. The following chapter considers his account of the war waged against the Persians under the Emperor Anastasius (502-506), and concludes that he is offering a very partial account. Chapters five and six consider the centrepiece of Persian Wars I: the campaigns of 530 and 531, including Belisarius' victory at Dara and defeat at Callinicum. Close comparison with the chronicler John Malalas is undertaken in the case of the latter battle. Chapter seven analyses Procopius' excursus into southern Arabian affairs. where he seems to have had access to good geographical and historical information. Chapter eight considers the final events reported in Persian Wars I, which, it is argued, were added at a later stage; his account of the Nika riot in Constantinople is omitted from consideration, but his final detailed excursus on internal Persian history and his report on the coup at Dara are examined. A conclusion is offered at the end, emphasising the general accuracy of Procopius, particularly concerning events of his own day, and seeking to account for his selectiveness in the deployment of information.
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Jafari, Jasmine. "The Persian Art of Denial." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2018. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/501.
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Mohammadi, Kangarani Azadeh. "Persian Storytelling & European Storytelling." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263149.
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Hlavním cílem mé práce je popsat a definovat mou cestu od herectví, od doby kdy jsem neměla žádné zkušenosti s režií, k režírování divadelních her, což byl můj hlavní důvod pro studium na DAMU, ale také mou cestu objevování vlastního vnitřního hlasu a režijního přístupu. Popisuji svůj studijní proces a získávání vědomostí, jak používat divadelní techniky a způsoby komunikace s různými složkami divadelní inscenace. V úvodu popisuji své předchozí zkušenosti. Moje diplomová práce má pět kapitol včetně chronologického přehledu mého přístupu ke každé jednotlivé inscenaci, na které jsem pracovala od prvního dne na DAMU dodnes. Závěrečná kapitola shrnuje mé dosavadní přístupy divadelní režisérky
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Daneshvar, Mohammad H. "Callus induction and organogenesis in cultivars of peach (Prunus persica)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306700.
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Santos, Telma Miranda dos. "Diversidade genética de Prunus persica por meio de marcadores microssatélites." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4605.
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The peach tree, a predominantly autogamous plant with an outcrossing rate of less than 5%, is one of the most researched fruit species worldwide. The presence of genetic variability is crucial for progress in plant breeding. Molecular markers are useful for detecting variations in the genome, and microsatellite markers have been shown to be highly efficient in genetic analysis of species such as the peach, which has low genetic diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the informativeness of 22 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) loci and assess the genetic similarity between peach cultivars. The study was conducted at the Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Melhoramento Vegetal of the Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in Viçosa, MG. We calculated the allele frequency, the expected and observed heterozygosities and the average polymorphic information content (PIC). The genetic similarity between two cultivars was calculated by the weighted index, based on the number of common alleles that they share. With these data, a dissimilarity matrix was generated that was used to perform a cluster analysis using the UPGMA hierarchical clustering method. All statistical analyses were performed using the GENES program. Of the 22 SSR primers, eight were polymorphic, and the others were not amplified. A total of 53 alleles were amplified, and the mean number of alleles per locus was 6.625, which ranged between 4 and 9. The allele frequency ranged from 0.0072 to 0.4928 when we used primers UDP98 411 and UDP98 022. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.5143 to 0.8579, averaging 0.7105, with the observation at 1.0. The most informative loci were UDP96 005, UDP98 021 and UDP98 407, with PIC of 0.8142, and 0.8258 0.8416, while the least informative were UDP98 022 and UDP98 411 with PIC 0.3963. The average of this parameter for all loci was 0.6553. Data analysis of 53 alleles resulting from the amplification of eight SSR primers did not distinguish all analyzed cultivars. The greatest dissimilarity found was 87.74%. The average dissimilarity was 49.97%, with those between half-siblings at 44.87% and between siblings, 11.85%. There were no differences in the Joia 3 of Joia 4 and Aldrigui of Gaúcho cultivars or of Campinas 1 of Olympia. Peach varieties that had different phenotypic characteristics could not be separated based on information from the primers.
O pessegueiro, planta predominantemente autógama e com taxa de cruzamento inferior a 5%, é uma das espécies frutíferas mais pesquisadas em todo o mundo. A presença de variabilidade genética é fundamental para progressos no melhoramento de plantas. Os marcadores moleculares são ferramentas úteis para detectar variações no genoma, e marcadores microssatélites têm demonstrado ser altamente eficientes na análise genética de espécies como o pessegueiro, que tem baixa diversidade genética. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a informatividade de 22 locos Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) e avaliar a similaridade genética entre cultivares de pessegueiro. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Melhoramento Vegetal do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa, MG. Foram calculadas a frequência alélica, a heterozigosidade esperada e observada e o conteúdo médio de informação polimórfica (PIC). A similaridade genética entre dois cultivares foi calculada pelo índice ponderado, a partir do número de alelos comuns que eles compartilham. Com esses dados, gerou uma matriz de dissimilaridade, que foi utilizada para realizar a análise de agrupamento utilizando o método hierárquico aglomerativo UPGMA. Todas as análises estatísticas foram feitas utilizando-se o programa GENES. Dos 22 primers SSR, oito foram polimórficos, e os demais não amplificaram. Um total de 53 alelos foram amplificados, sendo o número médio de alelos por loco 6,625, que oscilou entre 4 e 9. A frequência alélica variou de 0,0072 a 0,4928 quando foram utilizados os primers UDP98 411 e UDP98 022. A heterozigosidade esperada variou de 0,5143 a 0,8579, com média de 0,7105, sendo a observada de 1,0. Os locos mais informativos foram UDP96 005, UDP98 021 e UDP98 407, com PIC de 0,8142, 0,8258 e 0,8416, enquanto os menos informativos foram UDP98 022 e UDP98 411, com PIC 0,3963. A média desse parâmetro em todos os locos foi 0,6553. A análise dos dados dos 53 alelos resultantes da amplificação de oito primers SSR não distinguiu todos os cultivares analisados. A maior dissimilaridade encontrada foi de 87,74%. A dissimilaridade média foi de 49,97%, entre meios-irmãos foi de 44,87% e entre irmãos completos, 11,85%. Não foram diferenciados os cultivares Joia 3 de Joia 4 e Aldrigui de Gaúcho nem Campinas 1 de Olímpia. Cultivares de pessegueiro que apresentavam características fenotípicas diferentes não puderam ser separados com base nas informações dos primers.
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Leida, Carmen Alice. "Molecular aspects of dormancy in peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15864.
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Dormancy is one of the most important adaptive mechanisms developed by perennial plants, in order to survive the low temperatures of autumn and winter in temperate climates. The study of the genes regulated during dormancy release is crucial to understand the process, with the final objective of the development of new varieties with a better adaptation to certain environments; in particular in the Mediterranean area. The general aim of this work is to understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the maintenance and release of seasonal dormancy in peach. The first part of this work is focused on the identification of peach genes related to dormancy release by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and microarray hybridization. A significant number of genes identified in this work were homologous to ABA and drought related genes from other species. Our data contribute to highlight a prominent role of ABA in dormancy processes and also uncover elements of the ABA and drought regulatory response in peach, as an ABA-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) binding protein (AFP)-like, a dehydration-responsive element (DRE)-binding protein (DREB2C)-like, a calcium-binding annexin, and several genes regulated by stress signalling pathways. Other identified genes were also evaluated to assess the chilling requirement of cultivars by analysis of expression showing a very good correlation between the expression pattern of DAM5, together with other transcripts (BD396, DB247, SB280 and PpB63) and the chilling requirements values of five different varieties ('Big Top', 'Catherina', 'Fergold', 'Maruja' and 'Springlady') measured following Utah and Dynamic models. Furthermore, a study of chromatin modifications associated to dormancy release in the DAM6 gene is presented. A ChIP analysis of DAM6 promoter and structural gene revealed chromatin modification events similar to those observed in vernalization of Arabidopsis and cereals.Leida, CA. (2012). Molecular aspects of dormancy in peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15864
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Attanasio, G. "ASSESSMENT OF FLESH TEXTURE IN PEACH (PRUNUS PERSICA L. BATSCH)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215688.
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The Italian peach compartment is nowadays experiencing a period of crisis. The cause of this crisis can be traced to a chain of production and distribution which is too attentive to the satisfaction of the individual components of the chain (e.g. large fruit size for the growers, fruit firmness for the packers, fruit color, size and texture for retailers) and not sufficiently focused on overall fruit quality at the end of the chain, on the table of the final consumers. The development of new cultivars belonging to the Slow Melting phenotype, characterized by a firmer texture even at full ripening and by softening more slowly (so that they can be harvested at a riper stage), definitely could help the fruit sector. Until now, the recognition of this new flesh phenotype was entrusted only to operator experience, which is not very reliable and allows flesh phenotype recognition only after obtaining the fruit, therefore some years after planting. An early determination, as it could be achieved through molecular markers, would lead to an early selection of fruit phenotypes, thus saving time, money and space. The objective of this research is to find possible physical or chemical differences in different flesh phenotypes, in order to characterize flesh texture. Accordingly, at the same time the expression profiles of the different flesh textures, in order to better understand which genes and pathways are involved in flesh firmness, were investigated.
To reach these goals, three different approaches were performed:
i) the characterization by a non-destructive approach. Time Resolved Spectroscopy (TRS) was performed on peaches belonging to different flesh phenotypes (Melting, Non Melting, Slow Melting, and Stony Hard). This technique gives information about fruit absorption and scattering properties. Scattering measurements in particular provide information concerning fruit structural characteristics, which could give useful information about the peculiar characteristics of the flesh. The results showed that this technique is able to discriminate only three flesh phenotypes (Melting, Slow Melting and Stony hard) out of the four that were tested.
ii) The characterization by a traditional approach. Peaches belonging to M, NM, SM, and SH phenotypes were analyzed for weight loss, soluble solid contents (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness, and expressible juice. Among all, expressible juice may be the key factor discriminating between the different flesh phenotypes. In fact it discriminated between all the flesh phenotypes in samples at physiological ripening in two consecutive years (2011 and 2012). Further studies are needed to determine whether this trait can be used as phenotyping method to be applied in QTL analysis, to the end of finding molecular markers associated with this character.
iii) The characterization by gene expression analysis. Through this method, different gene expression peach profiles belonging to M, NM, SM, and SH phenotypes were compared at 2 different stages of ripening (fruit veraison and commercial ripening), in order to better understand which genes and pathways are involved in flesh firmness. The expression profile analysis gave partially unexpected results. In one of the most important contrasts of the experiment, M vs. SM, no differentially expressed genes were found, either in fruit veraison or in commercial ripening. On the contrary, differences were found in M vs SH and SH vs NM at varaison and again in M vs SH at commercial ripening.
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Fallahzadeh, Mehrdad. "Persian Writing on Music : A study of Persian musical literature from 1000 to 1500 AD." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Uppsala universitetsbibliotek [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5864.
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Sadeghi, Amir. "Towards a universal model of reading investigations into Persian monolingual and English-Persian bilingual speakers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Teacher Education, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7809.
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The research reported in this thesis aimed to investigate potential cognitive-linguistic predictors of reading comprehension levels amongst Persian monolingual and Persian-English bilingual primary school children. The Persian orthography, unlike English, is written from right to left. It is cursive and most of the letters change their shape when connecting to letters on one or both sides. The orthography also has the feature of using marks to represent sounds within the language. These marks are not always included in written text, particularly when the text is targeted at more experienced readers.
Over 200 school-children in Iran from grades 2 to 5 were given measures of text reading comprehension involving Cloze completion or passages followed by questions. Comprehension levels were compared to scores on measures of language competence, phonological ability, orthographic processing and speed of processing. Analyses indicated that Persian reading comprehension levels, consistent with English models of reading, were predicted by measures of linguistic competence and word decoding, with the latter being predicted by phonological and orthographic processing skills. However, orthographic skills and speed of processing showed predictions of Persian reading comprehension independent of word decoding processes, findings that differed to those predicted from the English-language derived models.
These findings were examined among over 150 Persian-English bilingual children in Persian grades 2 to 5 who attending mainstream schools in New Zealand or Australia. These children were being educated in an English medium context, but with Persian as their home language. Analyses of predictors of reading levels verified the findings reported from the monolingual data. In addition, comparisons of good and poor reading comprehenders argued for deficits in either language or word decoding skills to potentially produce different sub-groups of poor readers, with the findings also being consistent with deficits in phonological decoding and/or orthographic processing skills consistent with dual-route or triangle models of literacy learning disabilities.
The thesis findings were used to derive a model of Persian reading comprehension similar to the simple view of reading. The findings can also inform the development of cross-language models of reading and global theories of reading comprehension.
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Samadi, Habibeh. "The acquisition of Persian : grammatically-based measures for assessing normal and abnormal Persian language development." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14824/.
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This study presents a longitudinal analysis of three monolingual Iranian children's language development between ages 1;8-2;6, 2;2-3;2 and 2;4-3;4. The overall aims are to identify and establish the structural patterns in the acquisition of Persian, a pro-drop, inflectional and mostly verb final language. Structural patterns particular to Persian are identified in contrast to English and data drawn from the children's language progress are discussed in the light of recent theories of language acquisition. In addition, the study provides a comprehensive and systematic description of children's syntactic development in such a way as to be useful for clinical data analysis by Iranian speech and language therapists and includes some cross-linguistic comparisons with other research on language acquisition. The applicability of MLU (Mean Length of Utterance) measures to Persian is investigated and it is found that MLU measured in morphemes is most appropriate for evaluating the Iranian children's early language development up to value 4. In order to give a more detailed analysis of the children's language acquisition, the LARSP (Language Assessment Remediation and Screening Procedure) framework (Crystal, Fletcher and Garman, 1989) is adapted to Persian. Analysing Persian data with LARSP categories shows that there are many features common to both languages. Particular categories are identified. A PLARSP (Persian LARSP) profile is established based on the hypothesis that structures can be assigned to stages according to their number of elements at clause and phrase levels. The profile provides a framework for the analysis of language development in Persian and is employed in chapters 6 and 7 to set out the developmental picture of the children's language at approximately equal MLU values in the early stages, and age in the later stages. Close examination of the data points to the use of formulas by the children at early stages. Apart from the formulas, although the children show different strategies of language acquisition, the resulting distribution of categories is found to fit the data well, presenting an orderly progress down the chart according to MLU and age.
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Manteghi, Amin Haila. "The Alexander Romance in the Persian tradition : its influence on Persian history, epic and storytelling." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21574.
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This study aims to explore how the Alexander Romance entered the Persian literary tradition and to understand precisely its influence. The main question addressed is whether the Alexander Romance was part of the pre-Islamic Persian tradition and, if so, what its key characteristics were. Because of the dearth of pre-Islamic Persian sources, this thesis is necessarily mostly based on early Arabic and Persian sources written in the early Islamic period, some of which were derived from pre-Islamic traditions. Aside from the Shāhnāma of Firdawsī, the Arabic histories (Ṭabarī, Dinawarī, the anonymous Nihāyat al-‘arab, the Ghurar al-Sayr of Thaʻālibī) included Alexander in their chapters on the Kayānid kings, presenting him as the half-brother of Dārā (Darius III). My examination of these histories largely focuses on their understanding of the Persian descent of Alexander, which is derived from the Sasanian Khudāynāmag. Most scholars have looked askance at the presence of a positive perspective on Alexander in the Persian world because the Zoroastrian tradition usually presented him as a cursed figure and one of Persia’s worst enemies. Perhaps one of the original contributions of this thesis will thus be its demonstration of the existence of a very positive view of Alexander in the classical Arabic and Persian sources that is not just the result of biases derived from the Islamic era, but which also reflects the viewpoint of numerous pre-Islamic Persian sources on Alexander. Current research in the field also focuses on the influence of the Alexander Romance on Persian epics, romances and storytelling. In this respect, I have focused mainly on the two key literary genres: the popular romances, mainly in prose, and the epics, mainly in verse. Of great interest to this study are the Dārābnāma of Ṭarsūsī (twelfth century), the epic of the Shāhnāma of Firdawsī (tenth–eleventh century), besides the Iskandarnāma of Niẓāmī (twelfth century). These works all preserve stories about Alexander the Great from the pre-Islamic Persian tradition.
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Nykolaishen, Douglas J. E. "The sway of the Persian sceptre : the narrative characterisation of the Persian kings in Ezra-Nehemiah." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1732.
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Scholarly study of the biblical book of Ezra-Nehemiah has mainly focused on historical questions. Indeed, the book is one of the most important sources available for shedding light on the history of Persian-period Judea. It has been widely held that Ezra-Nehemiah in its final form reflects a pro-Persian attitude, based on its treatment of the Persian kings within the narrative. The present study seeks to provide a step toward greater precision in this assessment by employing a recognition of the techniques of characterisation used in narrative texts to evaluate the portrayal of the Persian kings in Ezra-Nehemiah. After a review of the techniques of characterisation and their resulting effects, as identified by narrative critics, a close reading of each of the passages in Ezra- Nehemiah contributing to the characterisation of Persian kings is undertaken in order to discover the picture of the kings that emerges. The book is treated as a literary unity, and the influence of earlier passages on the interpretation of later ones (and in some cases, vice versa) is noted. It becomes apparent that it is not the implied author's purpose in the narrative to communicate a particular perspective on the Persian kings. Rather, they function as secondary characters, enhancing the perspective the implied author intends to communicate about YHWH. Nevertheless, it is possible to draw further specific conclusions about their characterisation. The Persian kings in Ezra-Nehemiah merge together into a single character, or a single role played by virtually indistinguishable characters. The implied author constructs them as, in significant ways, both similar to and yet distinct from the Assyrian and Babylonian rulers who preceded them. They are assumed to have motivations similar to those of any non-Judean ruler of their general period. They appear to be regularly unhelpful to the Judean exiles, apart from instances of intervention by YHWH on the Judeans' behalf. These characteristics appear to be reflected consistently in all parts of the narrative, not only in isolated sections. Insofar as the narrative of Ezra-Nehemiah may reflect the views of one or more historical individuals, it is questionable whether it reflects a pro-Persian attitude.
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Rossato, Simone Bertazzo. "Potencial antioxidante e compostos fenólicos de pêssegos (Prunus persica L. Batsch)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28747.
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Observa-se, atualmente, um aumento no interesse por alimentos funcionais e isto tem levado pesquisadores a investigar o potencial antioxidante de diversas frutas e de diversos compostos fenólicos presentes nos alimentos. As pesquisas a cerca da atividade antioxidante de pêssegos e nectarinas são escassas quando comparada às frutas vermelhas, apesar de aqueles frutos conterem importantes compostos fenólicos, como o ácido clorogênico, que apresenta efeitos potencialmente benéficos à saúde derivados de sua ação antioxidante. Entretanto, dados a respeito do seu conteúdo em frutas, vegetais, alimentos processados e sua distribuição em diferentes tecidos de plantas são escassos. O potencial antioxidante reativo total (TRAP) é um dos métodos mais utilizados para estimar a capacidade antioxidante de amostras in vitro. Entretanto, este método apresenta limitações quando a amostra não apresenta a fase lag (ou tempo de indução) necessária para obter o valor do TRAP pelo método original. Esse comportamento é obtido em algumas amostras e em substâncias isoladas, mas não em muitos extratos, os quais possuem diversas substâncias antioxidantes. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi otimizar e validar o método TRAP original e propor outro método de avaliação utilizando a Área Sob a Curva (AUC) e empregar essa ferramenta para avaliar o potencial antioxidante de extratos de pêssego (cascas e polpas) de três cultivares e do ácido clorogênico na mesma concentração encontrada no extrato. Para desenvolver esse trabalho, o primeiro passo foi otimizar e validar o método TRAP alternativo utilizando 2,2'-azo-bis (2- amidinopropano) (AAPH) como fonte de radical livre e um cintilador líquido para monitorar a quimiluminescência amplificada pelo luminol após a adição da amostra antioxidante. O método cromatográfico para quantificar o ácido clorogênico foi realizado usando uma coluna C-18 e sistema gradiente de eluição com acetonitrila-água-ácido trifluoracético. A detecção foi realizada por ultravioleta a 327 nm e a identificação do pico foi baseada no tempo de retenção, por coinjeções com a substância de referência e por LC-MS-MS. A principal condição estabelecida para o método TRAP foi a necessidade de estabilização do sistema (7000 segundos) antes da adição do antioxidante a ser testado. Todos os parâmetros da validação mostraram resultados satisfatórios: especificidade, linearidade (r > 0,99), precisão (intra e inter-dia – desvio padrão relativo menos que 5%), robustez e os limites de detecção (LOD) e quantificação (LOQ) foram baixos e similares para ambos os métodos de avaliação. O método cromatográfico para quantificar o ácido clorogênico apresentou boa linearidade (r > 0,99), repetibilidade (RSD < 2%) e recuperação (96,3%, RSD = 1,96%) e foi robusto para pequenas variações nos parâmetros testados (RSD < 2%). Os resultados obtidos usando a AUC mostraram que os extratos de cascas e polpas das cultivares Maciel, Leonense e Eldorado apresentaram atividade de seqüestro de radicais livres em todas as concentrações testadas, com uma ação concentraçãodependente. A inibição imediata da quimiluminescência e a duração desta inibição foram significativamente maiores no extrato em relação ao composto majoritário (ácido clorogênico) isolado e isto pode ser devido a um efeito sinérgico ou aditivo de outros antioxidantes presentes no extrato. O IC50 para o extrato de pêssego e ácido clorogênico foi 1,19 μg/mL e 8,43 μg/mL, respectivamente, quando o TRAP foi avaliado e um IC50 de 0,41 μg/mL e 1,89 μg/mL foi obtido quando o TAR (Reatividade Antioxidante Total) foi avaliado com o extrato de pêssego e com o ácido clorogênico, respectivamente. O ácido clorogênico apresentou uma importante contribuição ao potencial e à reatividade antioxidantes, mas os extratos do fruto contribuem com uma ação antioxidante mais duradoura. A principal vantagem da utilização da AUC para avaliar a atividade antioxidante é a maior precisão desse método e seu uso em amostras que não apresentam fase lag, como os extratos de pêssego, os quais apresentaram importante atividade antioxidante e, portanto, podem proporcionar vantagens à saúde de consumidores que ingerem essa fruta.Increasing recent interest in nutraceuticals and functional foods has led researchers to investigate the antioxidant potential of several fruits and of several phenolic compounds. The researches about antioxidant activity of peaches and nectarines are scarce when compared to red fruits despite of they contain important phenolic compounds as chlorogenic acid, which present potential beneficial effect in humans derived from its antioxidant activity. However, data on its content in fruits, vegetables, foods processing, and its distribution in different tissues of plants is scarce. The total reactivity antioxidant potencial (TRAP) method is one of the methods most employed to estimate the antioxidant capacity of samples in vitro. However, this method can presents limitations when the sample does not present a lag phase (or induction time) which is necessary to get TRAP value by original method. This behavior is got in some samples and to isolated substances, but not in many extracts which have several antioxidants. In this context, the aim of this work was to optimize and validate the original TRAP method, and to propose another evaluation method utilizing the area under curve (AUC) and to use this tool to evaluate antioxidant potential and reactivity from peach extracts (peels and fleshes) from three cultivars and from chlorogenic acid in the same concentration founded in extract. To developed this work, the first step was to optimized and to validated the alternative method to get TRAP value using 2,2'-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane) (AAPH) as the free radical source and a liquid scintillator counter to monitored the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence after addition of the antioxidant sample. The chromatographic method to quantifiy chlorogenic acid was performed using a C-18 column with acetonitrile-watertrifluoracetic acid gradient elution. The detection was carried out by UV at 327 nm and the peak identification was based on the retention times, by cochromatography with reference substances and by LC-MS-MS. The main condition established to TRAP method was the need for the stabilization of the system, at 7000 s, before the addition of the antioxidant to be tested. All validations parameters showed satisfactory results: specificity, linearity (r >0.99), precision (intra- and interassay - relative standard deviation were both less than 5 %), robustness, and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were low and similar to both evaluation methods. The chromatographic method to quantify chlorogenic acid presented good linearity (> 0.99), good repeatability (RSD < 2 %) and accuracy (96.3%, RSD = 1.96% ) and was robust to small variations in parameters tested (RSD < 2 %). The results obtained using AUC showed that the extracts of peels and fleshes of Maciel, Leonense and Eldorado peach cultivars present free radical scavenging activity in all concentrations tested, with a concentration-dependent action. The immediate inhibition of chemiluminescence and the duration of this inhibition were significantly higher in the extracts than in the major compound (chlorogenic acid) alone and it can be due to a synergistic or additive effect of other antioxidants present in the extracts. The IC50 for peach extract and chlorogenic acid were 1.19 μg/mL and 8.43 μg/mL, respectively, when TRAP was evaluated and an IC50 of 0.41 μg/mL and 1.89 μg/mL was found when TAR was evaluated in peach extract and chlorogenic acid, respectively. Chlorogenic acid presented a good contribution to antioxidant reactivity and potential, but the fruit extracts provide better antioxidant action. The main advantage of utilization of AUC to evaluate antioxidant activity is the higher precision of this method and its use in samples that do not present lag phase, as peach extracts which presented important antioxidant activity and therefore, it may provide health-promoting advantages to consumers by intake of this fruit.
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Pelentir, Norberto. "Caracterização química da farinha microencapsulada de sementes de pêssego (Prunus persica)." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90431.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T10:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 246196.pdf: 1955383 bytes, checksum: 6b716a482f5f4f846c1c34a3d823b04b (MD5)
A semente do pêssego é um resíduo agroindustrial que corresponde a cerca de 10% do peso da fruta. Através do presente trabalho foi produzida a farinha de semente de pêssego, mediante secagem nas temperaturas de 45, 55 e 65 ºC, com e sem a adição de maltodextrina, em um processo acessível para as pequenas agroindústrias. Foram construídas as curvas de secagem e as farinhas caracterizadas quanto ao teor de proteínas, extrato etéreo, perfil de ácidos graxos, fibras brutas, umidade e cinzas. A presença de maltodextrina interfere no regime de secagem, mas o efeito das temperaturas é significativo, com e sem maltodextrina. As farinhas das sementes de pêssego apresentaram valores de extrato etéreo entre 23,86 ± 0,03 a 27,15 ± 0,47 g/100g. A composição em ácidos graxos do óleo de caroço de pêssego possui características únicas, pois contém quantidades altas dos ácidos graxos: oléico ( -9) e linoléico ( -6) (cerca de 50% de cada), fato muito raro nos óleos vegetais. O conteúdo de cinzas foi de 4,62 ± 0,08 a 6,52 ± 0,17 g/100g. O teor de proteínas foi de 17,11 ± 0,55 a 21,33 ± 5,56 g/100g, concentrações comparáveis aos das leguminosas de consumo. Peach seed is an agro-industrial residue that corresponds to around 10% of the fruit weight. By this work was produced the peach seeds flour, across drying at 45, 55 and 65 oC, with and without maltodextrin, in a process accessible for small agro-industries. Were constructed drying curves and the flours characterized to protein, ether extract, fat acids, fibres and minerals. The presence of maltodextrin interferes on the drying rhythm. Temperature increasing affects the drying regime with and without maltodextrin treatment. Peach seed flour presented values to ether extract between 23.86 ± 0.03 a 27.15 ± 0.47 g/100g. Peach seeds fat acids presents unique characteristics, very high quantities of oleic ( -9) and linoleic ( -6) acids (around 50% of each), what is rare in vegetable oils. Ash values were from 4.62 ± 0.08 to 6.52 ± 0.17 g/100g. Protein values from 17.11 ± 0.55 to 21.33 ± 5.56 g/100g, concentrations comparables with commons legumes (black bean, soy bean and peanut).
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Thurow, Liane Bahr. "Estrutura Genética do Germoplasma de Prunus persica (L.) Batsch no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1145.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-18Based on the advanced knowledge in genomic, marker-assisted selection shows up as a promising strategy especially to accelerate the development of new cultivars in perennial species, such as peach. In this context, this dissertation addressed the current situation and the prospects of using marker-assisted selection in peach breeding programs as well as to characterize the genetic variability and population structure of an association panel representative of peach germplasm available in Brazil through SSR analysis. Based on a literature review, it was seen that a high number of QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) is identified in genetic maps of peach, but, despite the importance of the characters studied, the use of markerassisted selection has been incipient by breeding programs. By the other side, with the recent completion of the sequencing of the peach genome, the perspective is that the low use of molecular tools by peach breeding program will change in the coming years. In this trend, the genetic variability present in the association panel representative of peach germplasm in Brazil is quite relevant. On the other hand, this germplasm is structured into two subpopulations according to the fruit flesh type, melting or non-melting, with some genotypes being a mixture of both types of fruit flesh. Greater variability is available in the melting flesh group. These results show that the association panel is suitable for association studies given its relevant genetic variability. However, it should be taken into account in the association studies the genetic structure intrinsic to this germplasm to avoid the identification of false markertrait associations.
Com base no avanço do conhecimento de genômica a seleção assistida por marcadores mostra-se como uma estratégia bastante promissora especialmente para acelerar o desenvolvimento de novas cultivares em espécies perenes, como o pessegueiro. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação aborda a situação atual e as perspectivas do uso de seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares no melhoramento genético de pessegueiro, assim como caracteriza a variabilidade genética e a estrutura de população do painel associativo de pessegueiro representativo do germoplasma disponível no Brasil por meio da análise de 10 loci SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats). Com base na literatura, um elevado número de QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) está identificado em mapas genéticos de pessegueiro, mas, apesar da importância dos caracteres envolvidos, até o momento o uso de seleção assistida por marcadores tem sido incipiente pelos programas de melhoramento. Por outro lado, com a conclusão recente do sequenciamento do genoma do pessegueiro, a perspectiva é de que essa realidade mude nos próximos anos. Corroborando com essa tendência, o primeiro passo para a seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares é conhecer a variabilidade genética presente no germoplasma de pessegueiro disponível no Brasil. Nesse sentido, os resultados desse trabalho mostram grande variabilidade genética no germoplasma avaliado. Porém, esse germoplasma está estruturado em duas subpopulações bem definidas e agrupadas de acordo com o tipo de polpa, fundente e não-fundente, com alguns acessos apresentando mistura de ambos, entre os quais a maior variabilidade está disponível dentro do subgrupo fundente. Com base nos resultados infere-se que o germoplasma avaliado é adequado para estudos de mapeamento associativo, dada a sua expressiva variabilidade genética, mas deve ser levada em consideração a estrutura genética desse germplasma a fim de evitar a identificação de associações falso-positivas entre marcadores e fenótipos de interesse.
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Costa, Amauri Costa da. "Estudo de conservação de pêssego [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] minimamente processado." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1315.
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Previous issue date: 2010-07-06Enzymatic browning and softening are the main changes on fresh-cut peaches. Initially we studied the combination of antioxidant molecules and protective texture control enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO), enzymatic browning and softening the flesh of peaches cv. Esmeralda, minimally processed and refrigerated. For this we tested the use of L-cysteine (Cis), L-ascorbic acid (AA) and calcium chloride (CC), alone or in combination: (i) water (control); (ii) AA+CC; (iii) Cis+CC; e, (iv) Cis+AA+CC. After treatment, the slices were packed in packages sealed with PVC film 30μm and stored for six days at 4±1ºC and 85±3 RH. The samples were evaluated under physical-chemical, enzymatic and sensory every two days. Treatment Cis+AA+CC had the highest values of L* and h°, ie was more effective in preventing browning. Treatments with L-cysteine showed a lower PPO activity and treatment Cis+AA+CC was the most effective in containing the POD activity, indicating that the best performance of this treatment is associated with lower activity of these enzymes. The sensory evaluation indicated that the treatment Cis+AA+CC was the most efficient, providing the maintenance of the sensory characteristics acceptable of fresh-cut peaches, cv. Esmeralda. In sequence was tested using ultraviolet radiation type C (UV-C) radiation as a means of increasing the conservation value of these fruits as well as to increase the synthesis of compounds of nutritional value and functional. That were applied to the following treatments: (i) fruit without UV-C, peeled, sliced and stored under refrigeration (control); (ii) fruits treated with UV-C and immediately peeled, sliced and stored under refrigeration (UV-C 0); (iii) fruits treated with UV-C and kept at room temperature 24h before processing (UV-C 24), (iv) fruits treated with UV-C and kept at room temperature 48h before processing (UV-C 48); and (v) fruit without treatment with UV-C, processed and treated with metabisulphite K (MB K). Evaluations, color (L* and hue angle), firmness, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and transcriptional expression of genes supposedly related to physiological changes were taken immediately after processing and every 24h for six days. The application of UV-C resulted in a significant improvement in the storage potential of the peaches. But for that to happen, it was necessary to wait 24 to 48h before processing. With this procedure there was a stimulus to the transcription of genes in the metabolism of ethylene, cell wall synthesis and oxidation of phenolic compounds. Still, there was less browning of fruits treated with UV-C, indicating that this change is not only dependent on the concentration of total phenolics and PPO activity.
O escurecimento enzimático e o amolecimento são as principais alterações em pêssegos minimamente processados. Inicialmente estudou-se a combinação de moléculas antioxidantes e protetores de textura no controle da atividade das enzimas polifenoloxidase (PPO) e peroxidase (POD), do escurecimento enzimático e do amolecimento da polpa de pêssegos, cv. Esmeralda, minimamente processados e refrigerados (MPR). Para isso testou-se o uso de L-cisteína (Cis), ácido L-ascórbico (AA) e cloreto de cálcio (CC), isolados ou em combinação: (i) água (controle); (ii) AA+CC; (iii) Cis+CC; e, (iv) Cis+AA+CC. Após o tratamento, as fatias foram acondicionadas em embalagens rígidas envoltas com filme PVC 30μm e armazenadas durante seis dias a 4±1ºC e 85±3 UR. As amostras foram avaliadas sob aspectos físico-químicos, enzimáticos e sensoriais a cada dois dias. O tratamento Cis+AA+CC apresentou os maiores valores de L* e hº, ou seja, foi o mais eficaz na prevenção do escurecimento. Os tratamentos com L-cisteína apresentaram menor atividade da PPO e o tratamento Cis+AA+CC foi o mais efetivo na contenção da atividade da POD, indicando que o melhor desempenho desse tratamento está associado à menor atividade dessas enzimas. A avaliação sensorial indicou que o tratamento Cis+AA+CC foi o mais eficiente, proporcionando a manutenção de características sensoriais aceitáveis aos pêssegos MPR, cv. Esmeralda. Em sequência testou-se o uso de radiação ultravioleta tipo C (UV-C) como meio de aumentar o potencial de conservação desses frutos, assim como para aumentar a síntese de compostos de interesse nutricional e funcional. Para isso foram aplicados os seguintes tratamentos: (i) frutos sem UV-C, pelados, fatiados e armazenados sob refrigeração (AR) (controle); (ii) frutos tratados com UV-C e imediatamente pelados, fatiados e armazenados em AR (UV-C 0); (iii) frutos tratados com UV-C e mantidos 24h à temperatura ambiente (TA) antes do processamento (UV-C 24); (iv) frutos tratados com UV-C e mantidos 48h a TA antes do processamento; e (v) frutos sem tratamento com UV-C, processados e tratados com metabissulfito de K (MB K). As avaliações, coloração (L* e ângulo hº), firmeza de polpa, teor de ácido ascórbico e compostos fenólicos, atividade antioxidante e a expressão transcricional de genes supostamente relacionados às alterações fisiológicas, foram realizadas imediatamente após o processamento e a cada 24h por seis dias. A aplicação da radiação UV-C provocou uma significativa melhora no potencial de conservação dos pêssegos. Mas para que isso ocorresse, foi necessário se aguardar de 24 à 48h antes do processamento. Com esse procedimento houve estímulo à transcrição de genes do metabolismo do etileno, da parede celular e da síntese e oxidação de compostos fenólicos totais (CFT). Mesmo assim, houve menor escurecimento dos frutos tratados com UV-C, indicando que essa alteração não é apenas dependente da concentração de CFT e da atividade da PPO.
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Hamedani, Ladan. "The Function of Number in Persian." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20167.
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This thesis investigates the function of number marking in Persian, within the framework of principles and parameters (P&P), and its relationship to inflectional and derivational number marking. Following the assumption in Distributed Morphology that inflectional and derivational morphology are not distinct, the distribution and properties of number marking in Persian provide evidence for both inflectional and derivational number marking.
Assuming the two parameters of number marking (Wiltschko, 2007, 2008), number marking as a functional head and number marking as a modifier, I propose that number marking in Persian is mainly inflectional while number functions as a functional head; moreover, I propose that number marking in Persian can be derivational while number functions as a modifier. This explains that number morphology in Persian is not split to either inflectional or derivational. Rather, following Booij’s (1993, 1995) claim that inflectional morphology can be used contextually as well as inherently, I propose that number morphology in Persian is inflectional while number is a functional head; however, it has inherent residues as a modifier.
Considering the functions of inflectional plural morphology in Persian, I argue that the functional category Number Phrase (NumP) is projected in Persian, and number is generated in the head of this functional category. Besides, Persian is a classifier language in which classifiers are in complementary distribution with plural marking. Following Borer’s (2005) discussion of the complementary distribution of plural marking and classifiers in Armenian, I argue that the head of NumP in Persian is either occupied by the plural maker or by full/empty classifiers.
Moreover, I show that the presence of bare singulars/plurals in certain syntactic positions in Persian is related to the projection/non-projection of NumP.
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Sedighi, Anousha. "Subject-predicate agreement restrictions in Persian." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29259.
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This work investigates two distinct constructions which appear to induce a constraint on verbal agreement. The first construction involves inanimate plural subjects and verbs appearing in third person singular/default morphology. Adopting the framework of Distributed Morphology which has recently been used as a key to capturing several agreement restrictions in languages, I propose that the restriction caused by Animacy in Persian resides in post-syntactic morphology through an impoverishment operation. The second construction I study contains Psychological predicates which have not been entirely explored from the point of view of Psychological Constructions in the previous literature. The nominative experiencer does not induce agreement on the verb and the verb appears in third person singular, which provides evidence for separation of agreement and Nominative case assignment. I argue that the lack of verbal agreement in Persian Psychological constructions is only apparent and I provide evidence to show that they do not involve compound verbs. I propose that these constructions have a Tense requirement and involve applied arguments. The experiencer is licensed by a Super High Applicative head which takes a TP (a sentential predication/full proposition) as complement. Furthermore, I propose that the Super High Applicative phrase is a strong phase, a new category to be added to the set of strong phases proposed by Chomsky 1999-2004.
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Davis, Robert. "Canada and the Persian Gulf War." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30939.pdf.
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Munson, Mark B. "Port security in the Persian Gulf." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483475.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in National Seucirt Affairs (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Moran, Daniel. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 26, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p.73-82). Also available in print.