Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Persian'
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Сейедег, Анагіта Мір Джалалі. "Persian architecture." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12969.
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Hashemi, Mahkam. "Persian Cultural Center." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83812.
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Culture is a foundation of each community and it creates society identity.
Maybe you are searching among the branches for what only appear in the roots? -Rumi
In my thesis, by designing a Persian Cultural Center in Washington D.C. on the site of the former embassy of Iran, I want to produce and define a place that introduces architecturally the theme of Persian culture and education which has continuously developed over the past many centuries. It will express the value of architecture in defining the context of theoretical foundations and ideology of the Persians.
There is nothing more timely today than that truth, which is timeless, than the message that comes from tradition and is relevant now because it has been relevant at all times. Such as message belong to a now which has been, is and will ever be present .To speak of tradition is to speak of immutable principles of heavenly origin and of their application to different moments of time and space. It is also to speak of the continuity of certain doctrines and of the sacred forms, which are the means whereby, these doctrines are conveyed to men and whereby the teachings of the tradition are actualized within men. -The sense of unityMaster of Architecture
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Rashti, Sogol. "Persian in practice." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2003.
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Since the beginning of humankind, architecture has been a sacred source for all civilizations, and that has provided a gateway for man to reach the heavens above. In terms of concept and value, Persian art and architecture is considered as a rich source to be acknowledged. Within Persian architecture, the emphasis was placed strongly on beauty and sacred geometry; Persians calculated the proportions of heaven reflected upon them in the dimensions of buildings on the earth.
Iranian culture has utilized the written word as an art form; this goes beyond normal means of communication. Iranian calligraphers produced eloquent styles and patterns through their divine talent, and this was displayed in the architecture. Parviz Tanavoli, as the greatest contemporary artist of Iran, has a strong tendency to be attracted to words and letters which has a long history in Iranian culture.
Experimenting through aspects of cultural interaction in fine and applied arts has led to the understanding that when aesthetic elements of cultures are used to create a new design, it leads to both a new aesthetic creation and a fresh understanding of the cultures involved. This collection was designed and manufactured by concentrating on organic and curved forms and utilizing them in the design practice, while having a touch on cultural elements such as patterns and alphabets. The curved abstract shapes create a conceptual harmony, depicted in Persian patterns via functional three dimensional pieces.
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Mason, Kirsty. "Puppets of the Barbarian : how Persia controlled Greek relations with the Persian Empire." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56642/.
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The study of Graeco-Persian relations is not new to academia, however, as much of our information is found within Greek literary texts, we are largely at the mercy of Greek bias concerning these relations. This thesis will present a detailed re-examination of the relevant sources to gain further understanding of Graeco-Persian relations, with a view to looking beyond Greek literary bias. This thesis proposes that the influence of the Persian Empire upon the Greeks was greater than is initially implied by our sources and I argue that in the majority of the contacts between Greek and Persian, Persia took control. The notable exception to this is the highly debated Peace of Callias, which forced Persia to offer concessions to the Greeks, but it should be noted that we have no record of possible Greek concessions to Persia, and so we must treat this topic with caution. This thesis expands our knowledge of Graeco-Persian relations by taking a view of the entire period of these relations, from initial contacts until the accession of Alexander the Great, allowing us to view more general trends throughout this period, rather than viewing shorter phases within the whole period.
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Raghibdoust, Shahla. "Interrogative constructions in Persian." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6547.
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This thesis treats the various constructions of interrogativity in colloquial modern Persian, within the Government and Binding framework. Chapter 2 presents the basic properties and the various methods of forming yes-no questions. I argue that changes in word-order may not be considered as a strategy to indicate an interrogativity, and that consequently, the movement of the verb from its position in I to C in Persian, unlike languages such as English, is disallowed. I also propose the possibility of assigning a mood phrase (MP) position to the yes-no particles. Chapter 3 gives a detailed survey of the movement processes of Wh-words which, prima facie, appear to be a syntactic movement. However, exploring the more complicated data, we subsequently arrive at the conclusion that this movement, by and large, patterns with an optional topicalization process, and has nothing to do with the syntactic movement to SPEC CP. I propose that the availability of question particles in a number of languages, including Persian, correlates with the lack of syntactic Wh-movement. Persian extraction patterns are argued to resemble those of Nordic languages in which no structural constraint is imposed. Subjacency, therefore, is unable to explain the extraction phenomenon in this language. To give a reasonable account of the extraction rules in Persian Dominance, in turn, is proposed as a convincing condition. Chapter 4 concentrates on the fact that multiple Wh-fronting in Persian is radically different from extensively-studied languages, such as Bulgarian and Romanian, even though these languages manifest resemblance with respect to a number of properties. Furthermore, it is shown that in multiple Wh-fronting languages, the Wh-phrases are morphologically complex, and need to satisfy a licensing requirement independent of clausal typing. This morphological characteristic is absent, however, in Persian. Analysis of the preceding factors leads me to propose that multiple Wh-fronting in Persian also results from adjunction of Wh-phrases to IP, in other words, topicalization.
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Keeler, Annabel. "Persian Sufism and Exegesis:." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504091.
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Dehdari, Jonathan M. "Crossing Dependencies in Persian." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1441.pdf.
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Modarresi, Fereshteh. "Bare nouns in Persian." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17366.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht das variable Verhalten von sogenannten „bare nouns“ (Nominale ohne Artikel) im Persischen. Dieses Verhalten kann jedoch nicht verstanden werden ohne eine Reihe von entscheidenden Eigenschaften der persischen Satzstruktur zu betrachten. Dazu gehören Informationsstruktur, Prosodie und Wortstellung, sowie die semantischen und syntaktischen Funktionen verschiedener morphologischer Markierungen im Persischen. Die vorliegende Dissertation kann daher zum besseren Verständnis von satzinterner Syntax, Semantik und Prosodie des Persischen beitragen. Ich beginne meine Untersuchung mit dem Vergleich der BNs in verschiedenen Positionen mit Nominalen, die mit verschiedenen Morphemen gekennzeichnet sind. Die quasi-inkorporierten Nominale im Persischen scheinen zur Klasse der diskursintransparenten inkorporierenden Sprachen zu gehören. Doch dies scheint nicht immer zu stimmen, unter bestimmten Umständen zeigen persische BNs Diskurstransparenz. In Kapitel 3 untersuche ich daher, unter welchen Umständen BNs Diskurstransparenz zeigen und warum. In Kapitel 3 präsentiere ich einen Alternativvorschlag zu Farkas & de Swart, in dem ich darlege, dass ein BN tatsächlich einen neuen Diskursreferenten einführt. Aber der Numerus von BNs ist neutral (numerusneutralen Diskursreferenten).In der zweiten Hälfte der Dissertation wird die Interpretation von BNs in verschiedenen Positionen und mit unterschiedlichen grammatischen Funktionen diskutiert. Kapitel 4 konzentriert sich auf BNs in Objektposition. Wir stellen einen direkten Vergleich an zwischen BNs als tatsächliche BNs, d.h. Nominale, die nicht mit einem Morphem markiert sind, und Kontexten, in denen sie mit dem Morphem -ra auftreten. Ich werde argumentieren, dass -ra lediglich markiert, dass ein BN oder auch ein anderes Nominal nicht in seiner VP-internen Position interpretiert, sondern in eine VP-externe Domäne bewegt wird. Das bedeutet, das Morphem -ra ist ein syntaktisches Morphem auf Phrasenebene.This thesis explores the variable behavior of bare nouns in Persian. Bare singular nouns realize different grammatical functions, including subject, object and indirect object. They receive different interpretations, including generic, definite and existential readings. However, the task of understanding the reasons for, and limits on, this variation cannot be achieved without understanding a number of pivotal features of Persian sentential architecture, including Information Structure, prosody, word order, and the functions of various morphological markers in Persian. With respect to the discourse transparency of Incorporated Nominals, under certain circumstances, Persian bare nouns show discourse transparency. These circumstances are examined in chapter 3, and it is proposed that bare nouns do introduce a number neutral discourse referent. This proposal is phrased within Discourse Representation Theory. In the second half of the dissertation, the interpretation of bare nouns in different positions and with different grammatical functions are discussed. Under the independently supported hypothesis of position>interpretation mapping developed by Diesing (1992), we will see the role of the suffix -ra in indicating that an object has been moved out of VP. For subjects, there is no morphological marking corresponding to –ra on objects, and we have to rely on prosody and word order to determine how a VP is interpreted using theories of the interaction of accent and syntactic structure. It is proposed that both subject and object originate within the VP, and can move out to the VP-external domain. The motivation for these movements are informational-structural in nature, relating in particular to the distinctions between given and new information, and default and non-default information structure.
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Amoozegar-Fassie, Farzad. "The poetics of Persian music : the intimate correlation between prosody and Persian classical music." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27954.
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Throughout most historical narratives and descriptions of Persian arts, poetry has had a profound influence on the development and preservation of Persian classical music, in particularly after the emergence of Islam in Iran. A Persian poetic structure consists of two parts: the form (its fundamental rhythmic structure, or prosody) and the content (the message that a poem conveys to its audience, or theme). As the practice of using rhythmic cycles—once prominent in Iran— deteriorated, prosody took its place as the source of rhythmic organization and inspiration. The recognition and reliance on poetry was especially evident amongst Iranian musicians, who by the time of Islamic rule had been banished from the public sphere due to the sinful socio-religious outlook placed on music. As the musicians’ dependency on prosody steadily grew stronger, poetry became the preserver, and, to a great extent, the foundation of Persian music’s oral tradition. While poetry has always been a significant part of any performance of Iranian classical music, little attention has been paid to the vitality of Persian/Arabic prosody as its main rhythmic basis. Poetic prosody is the rhythmic foundation of the Persian repertoire the radif, and as such it makes possible the development, memorization, expansion, and creation of the complex rhythmic and melodic compositions during the art of improvisation.
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Shabani-Jadidi, Pouneh. "Processing Compound Verbs in Persian." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22717.
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This study investigates how Persian compound verbs are processed in the mental lexicon, through which we can infer how they are stored, organized, and accessed. The study focuses on investigating Persian compound verbs in light of psycholinguistic theories on polymorphemic word processing as well as linguistic theories of complex predicates.
The psycholinguistic section details three experiments addressing the following three research questions: (1) whether compound verb constituents show significant priming in the masked-priming paradigm; (2) whether priming effects are constrained by semantic transparency; and (3) whether priming effects are due to morphological relatedness.
This study revealed several findings: (1) compound verbs in Persian are decomposed into their constituents at early stages of processing, (2) at early stages of processing, decomposition is based on purely orthographic similarity, (3) although both transparent and opaque compound constituents were facilitated while processing, transparency had an impact on processing in the early stages of processing.
Finally, the findings seem to support a parallel input effect or competing alternative effect for the verbal constituent of the transparent compound verb, as reflected in the slower facilitation for the verbal constituent compared to the nominal constituent.
In theoretical studies on Persian complex predicates, the compound verb formation can be either lexical or syntactic. The overall evidence reflected in the linguistic data for Persian complex predicates presented in this dissertation as well as the results of the experimental studies carried out in this research seem to point towards lexical compounding in Persian compound verb formation. The evidence comes from (1) the nominalization of the compound, i.e. the possibility of using the compound verb as a noun; (2) the atelicity feature, i.e. the possibility of using the compound verb after the progressive expression dar haale ‘in the process of’, which indicates an incomplete action; and (3) the nonreferentiality of the nominal constituent in the compound verb, i.e. the nominal constituent cannot be followed by a pronoun that refers to it.
On the other hand, the results of the experimental studies reported in this dissertation seem to support a lexical approach to compound verbs in Persian. The technique used in these experimental studies was masked priming paradigm, which investigates the prelexical and lexical processing. The results reveal constituent priming effects under masked priming technique. This indicates that Persian compound verb constituents are accessed at the prelexical stage of processing. Syntactic calculations are said to be done at later stages of processing. Therefore, the early processing of compound verb constituents leads us to the argument for the lexicality of Persian compound verbs.
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Karimi-Doostan, Gholamhossein. "Light verb construction in Persian." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388571.
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Greatrex, Geoffrey. "Procopius and the Persian Wars." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2d96e232-00b1-425a-879e-72d6c1a165bd.
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This thesis takes as its focus book I of Procopius' Persian Wars in an attempt to investigate both the events it describes and the way in which they are reported. A two-fold approach has therefore been employed, on the one hand dealing with the actual events, and on the other with Procopius' handling of them compared to that of other sources. While the first chapter thus considers Procopius himself and the genre of 'classicising' history, the second provides the fifth-century background to the events. Subsequent chapters generally consider the events in question first, before going on to examine Procopius' account in detail. The third chapter investigates Procopius' information on Sasanian history and the Hephthalite Huns, which is remarkably detailed. The following chapter considers his account of the war waged against the Persians under the Emperor Anastasius (502-506), and concludes that he is offering a very partial account. Chapters five and six consider the centrepiece of Persian Wars I: the campaigns of 530 and 531, including Belisarius' victory at Dara and defeat at Callinicum. Close comparison with the chronicler John Malalas is undertaken in the case of the latter battle. Chapter seven analyses Procopius' excursus into southern Arabian affairs. where he seems to have had access to good geographical and historical information. Chapter eight considers the final events reported in Persian Wars I, which, it is argued, were added at a later stage; his account of the Nika riot in Constantinople is omitted from consideration, but his final detailed excursus on internal Persian history and his report on the coup at Dara are examined. A conclusion is offered at the end, emphasising the general accuracy of Procopius, particularly concerning events of his own day, and seeking to account for his selectiveness in the deployment of information.
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Jafari, Jasmine. "The Persian Art of Denial." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2018. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/501.
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Mohammadi, Kangarani Azadeh. "Persian Storytelling & European Storytelling." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263149.
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Hlavním cílem mé práce je popsat a definovat mou cestu od herectví, od doby kdy jsem neměla žádné zkušenosti s režií, k režírování divadelních her, což byl můj hlavní důvod pro studium na DAMU, ale také mou cestu objevování vlastního vnitřního hlasu a režijního přístupu. Popisuji svůj studijní proces a získávání vědomostí, jak používat divadelní techniky a způsoby komunikace s různými složkami divadelní inscenace. V úvodu popisuji své předchozí zkušenosti. Moje diplomová práce má pět kapitol včetně chronologického přehledu mého přístupu ke každé jednotlivé inscenaci, na které jsem pracovala od prvního dne na DAMU dodnes. Závěrečná kapitola shrnuje mé dosavadní přístupy divadelní režisérky
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Fallahzadeh, Mehrdad. "Persian Writing on Music : A study of Persian musical literature from 1000 to 1500 AD." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Uppsala universitetsbibliotek [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5864.
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Sadeghi, Amir. "Towards a universal model of reading investigations into Persian monolingual and English-Persian bilingual speakers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Teacher Education, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7809.
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The research reported in this thesis aimed to investigate potential cognitive-linguistic predictors of reading comprehension levels amongst Persian monolingual and Persian-English bilingual primary school children. The Persian orthography, unlike English, is written from right to left. It is cursive and most of the letters change their shape when connecting to letters on one or both sides. The orthography also has the feature of using marks to represent sounds within the language. These marks are not always included in written text, particularly when the text is targeted at more experienced readers.
Over 200 school-children in Iran from grades 2 to 5 were given measures of text reading comprehension involving Cloze completion or passages followed by questions. Comprehension levels were compared to scores on measures of language competence, phonological ability, orthographic processing and speed of processing. Analyses indicated that Persian reading comprehension levels, consistent with English models of reading, were predicted by measures of linguistic competence and word decoding, with the latter being predicted by phonological and orthographic processing skills. However, orthographic skills and speed of processing showed predictions of Persian reading comprehension independent of word decoding processes, findings that differed to those predicted from the English-language derived models.
These findings were examined among over 150 Persian-English bilingual children in Persian grades 2 to 5 who attending mainstream schools in New Zealand or Australia. These children were being educated in an English medium context, but with Persian as their home language. Analyses of predictors of reading levels verified the findings reported from the monolingual data. In addition, comparisons of good and poor reading comprehenders argued for deficits in either language or word decoding skills to potentially produce different sub-groups of poor readers, with the findings also being consistent with deficits in phonological decoding and/or orthographic processing skills consistent with dual-route or triangle models of literacy learning disabilities.
The thesis findings were used to derive a model of Persian reading comprehension similar to the simple view of reading. The findings can also inform the development of cross-language models of reading and global theories of reading comprehension.
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Samadi, Habibeh. "The acquisition of Persian : grammatically-based measures for assessing normal and abnormal Persian language development." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14824/.
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This study presents a longitudinal analysis of three monolingual Iranian children's language development between ages 1;8-2;6, 2;2-3;2 and 2;4-3;4. The overall aims are to identify and establish the structural patterns in the acquisition of Persian, a pro-drop, inflectional and mostly verb final language. Structural patterns particular to Persian are identified in contrast to English and data drawn from the children's language progress are discussed in the light of recent theories of language acquisition. In addition, the study provides a comprehensive and systematic description of children's syntactic development in such a way as to be useful for clinical data analysis by Iranian speech and language therapists and includes some cross-linguistic comparisons with other research on language acquisition. The applicability of MLU (Mean Length of Utterance) measures to Persian is investigated and it is found that MLU measured in morphemes is most appropriate for evaluating the Iranian children's early language development up to value 4. In order to give a more detailed analysis of the children's language acquisition, the LARSP (Language Assessment Remediation and Screening Procedure) framework (Crystal, Fletcher and Garman, 1989) is adapted to Persian. Analysing Persian data with LARSP categories shows that there are many features common to both languages. Particular categories are identified. A PLARSP (Persian LARSP) profile is established based on the hypothesis that structures can be assigned to stages according to their number of elements at clause and phrase levels. The profile provides a framework for the analysis of language development in Persian and is employed in chapters 6 and 7 to set out the developmental picture of the children's language at approximately equal MLU values in the early stages, and age in the later stages. Close examination of the data points to the use of formulas by the children at early stages. Apart from the formulas, although the children show different strategies of language acquisition, the resulting distribution of categories is found to fit the data well, presenting an orderly progress down the chart according to MLU and age.
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Manteghi, Amin Haila. "The Alexander Romance in the Persian tradition : its influence on Persian history, epic and storytelling." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21574.
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This study aims to explore how the Alexander Romance entered the Persian literary tradition and to understand precisely its influence. The main question addressed is whether the Alexander Romance was part of the pre-Islamic Persian tradition and, if so, what its key characteristics were. Because of the dearth of pre-Islamic Persian sources, this thesis is necessarily mostly based on early Arabic and Persian sources written in the early Islamic period, some of which were derived from pre-Islamic traditions. Aside from the Shāhnāma of Firdawsī, the Arabic histories (Ṭabarī, Dinawarī, the anonymous Nihāyat al-‘arab, the Ghurar al-Sayr of Thaʻālibī) included Alexander in their chapters on the Kayānid kings, presenting him as the half-brother of Dārā (Darius III). My examination of these histories largely focuses on their understanding of the Persian descent of Alexander, which is derived from the Sasanian Khudāynāmag. Most scholars have looked askance at the presence of a positive perspective on Alexander in the Persian world because the Zoroastrian tradition usually presented him as a cursed figure and one of Persia’s worst enemies. Perhaps one of the original contributions of this thesis will thus be its demonstration of the existence of a very positive view of Alexander in the classical Arabic and Persian sources that is not just the result of biases derived from the Islamic era, but which also reflects the viewpoint of numerous pre-Islamic Persian sources on Alexander. Current research in the field also focuses on the influence of the Alexander Romance on Persian epics, romances and storytelling. In this respect, I have focused mainly on the two key literary genres: the popular romances, mainly in prose, and the epics, mainly in verse. Of great interest to this study are the Dārābnāma of Ṭarsūsī (twelfth century), the epic of the Shāhnāma of Firdawsī (tenth–eleventh century), besides the Iskandarnāma of Niẓāmī (twelfth century). These works all preserve stories about Alexander the Great from the pre-Islamic Persian tradition.
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Nykolaishen, Douglas J. E. "The sway of the Persian sceptre : the narrative characterisation of the Persian kings in Ezra-Nehemiah." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1732.
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Scholarly study of the biblical book of Ezra-Nehemiah has mainly focused on historical questions. Indeed, the book is one of the most important sources available for shedding light on the history of Persian-period Judea. It has been widely held that Ezra-Nehemiah in its final form reflects a pro-Persian attitude, based on its treatment of the Persian kings within the narrative. The present study seeks to provide a step toward greater precision in this assessment by employing a recognition of the techniques of characterisation used in narrative texts to evaluate the portrayal of the Persian kings in Ezra-Nehemiah. After a review of the techniques of characterisation and their resulting effects, as identified by narrative critics, a close reading of each of the passages in Ezra- Nehemiah contributing to the characterisation of Persian kings is undertaken in order to discover the picture of the kings that emerges. The book is treated as a literary unity, and the influence of earlier passages on the interpretation of later ones (and in some cases, vice versa) is noted. It becomes apparent that it is not the implied author's purpose in the narrative to communicate a particular perspective on the Persian kings. Rather, they function as secondary characters, enhancing the perspective the implied author intends to communicate about YHWH. Nevertheless, it is possible to draw further specific conclusions about their characterisation. The Persian kings in Ezra-Nehemiah merge together into a single character, or a single role played by virtually indistinguishable characters. The implied author constructs them as, in significant ways, both similar to and yet distinct from the Assyrian and Babylonian rulers who preceded them. They are assumed to have motivations similar to those of any non-Judean ruler of their general period. They appear to be regularly unhelpful to the Judean exiles, apart from instances of intervention by YHWH on the Judeans' behalf. These characteristics appear to be reflected consistently in all parts of the narrative, not only in isolated sections. Insofar as the narrative of Ezra-Nehemiah may reflect the views of one or more historical individuals, it is questionable whether it reflects a pro-Persian attitude.
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Hamedani, Ladan. "The Function of Number in Persian." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20167.
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This thesis investigates the function of number marking in Persian, within the framework of principles and parameters (P&P), and its relationship to inflectional and derivational number marking. Following the assumption in Distributed Morphology that inflectional and derivational morphology are not distinct, the distribution and properties of number marking in Persian provide evidence for both inflectional and derivational number marking.
Assuming the two parameters of number marking (Wiltschko, 2007, 2008), number marking as a functional head and number marking as a modifier, I propose that number marking in Persian is mainly inflectional while number functions as a functional head; moreover, I propose that number marking in Persian can be derivational while number functions as a modifier. This explains that number morphology in Persian is not split to either inflectional or derivational. Rather, following Booij’s (1993, 1995) claim that inflectional morphology can be used contextually as well as inherently, I propose that number morphology in Persian is inflectional while number is a functional head; however, it has inherent residues as a modifier.
Considering the functions of inflectional plural morphology in Persian, I argue that the functional category Number Phrase (NumP) is projected in Persian, and number is generated in the head of this functional category. Besides, Persian is a classifier language in which classifiers are in complementary distribution with plural marking. Following Borer’s (2005) discussion of the complementary distribution of plural marking and classifiers in Armenian, I argue that the head of NumP in Persian is either occupied by the plural maker or by full/empty classifiers.
Moreover, I show that the presence of bare singulars/plurals in certain syntactic positions in Persian is related to the projection/non-projection of NumP.
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Sedighi, Anousha. "Subject-predicate agreement restrictions in Persian." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29259.
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This work investigates two distinct constructions which appear to induce a constraint on verbal agreement. The first construction involves inanimate plural subjects and verbs appearing in third person singular/default morphology. Adopting the framework of Distributed Morphology which has recently been used as a key to capturing several agreement restrictions in languages, I propose that the restriction caused by Animacy in Persian resides in post-syntactic morphology through an impoverishment operation. The second construction I study contains Psychological predicates which have not been entirely explored from the point of view of Psychological Constructions in the previous literature. The nominative experiencer does not induce agreement on the verb and the verb appears in third person singular, which provides evidence for separation of agreement and Nominative case assignment. I argue that the lack of verbal agreement in Persian Psychological constructions is only apparent and I provide evidence to show that they do not involve compound verbs. I propose that these constructions have a Tense requirement and involve applied arguments. The experiencer is licensed by a Super High Applicative head which takes a TP (a sentential predication/full proposition) as complement. Furthermore, I propose that the Super High Applicative phrase is a strong phase, a new category to be added to the set of strong phases proposed by Chomsky 1999-2004.
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Davis, Robert. "Canada and the Persian Gulf War." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30939.pdf.
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Munson, Mark B. "Port security in the Persian Gulf." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483475.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Seucirt Affairs (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Moran, Daniel. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 26, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p.73-82). Also available in print.
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Seraji, Mojgan. "Morphosyntactic Corpora and Tools for Persian." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248780.
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This thesis presents open source resources in the form of annotated corpora and modules for automatic morphosyntactic processing and analysis of Persian texts. More specifically, the resources consist of an improved part-of-speech tagged corpus and a dependency treebank, as well as tools for text normalization, sentence segmentation, tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and dependency parsing for Persian. In developing these resources and tools, two key requirements are observed: compatibility and reuse. The compatibility requirement encompasses two parts. First, the tools in the pipeline should be compatible with each other in such a way that the output of one tool is compatible with the input requirements of the next. Second, the tools should be compatible with the annotated corpora and deliver the same analysis that is found in these. The reuse requirement means that all the components in the pipeline are developed by reusing resources, standard methods, and open source state-of-the-art tools. This is necessary to make the project feasible. Given these requirements, the thesis investigates two main research questions. The first is how can we develop morphologically and syntactically annotated corpora and tools while satisfying the requirements of compatibility and reuse? The approach taken is to accept the tokenization variations in the corpora to achieve robustness. The tokenization variations in Persian texts are related to the orthographic variations of writing fixed expressions, as well as various types of affixes and clitics. Since these variations are inherent properties of Persian texts, it is important that the tools in the pipeline can handle them. Therefore, they should not be trained on idealized data. The second question concerns how accurately we can perform morphological and syntactic analysis for Persian by adapting and applying existing tools to the annotated corpora. The experimental evaluation of the tools shows that the sentence segmenter and tokenizer achieve an F-score close to 100%, the tagger has an accuracy of nearly 97.5%, and the parser achieves a best labeled accuracy of over 82% (with unlabeled accuracy close to 87%).
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Alipour, R. "Persian crucible steel production : Chāhak tradition." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1546672/.
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Iron and steel making are among the most important industries of mankind. Among these, crucible steel technology that revolutionised modern industry has its roots in medieval Persia and the Indian subcontinent. Crucible steel was always obscured with myths and fictions within Western society due to its exotic origin. Historical accounts testify that the workshops were not accessible to the public mostly because the main purpose of the crucible steel production were linked to the military and supply of arms and armour; this further limited our knowledge of it production methods. Modern studies on crucible steel making are limited to few archaeological sites in Central Asia, India and Sri Lanka, while several historical manuscripts relate this industry to production centres in modern day Iran. Inspired by the historical manuscripts’ recurrent mention of a production site in Persia, the writer of this thesis first undertook a field survey and located the archaeological site of Chāhak in south Iran. The thesis is based on multidisciplinary approaches, combining history and archaeometry for a text aided archaeological investigation of pūlād production at Seljūq-period Chāhak. Accordingly, the historical recipes are studied, compared and technically translated alongside the morphological and chemical analyses of the archaeological samples to reconstruct the technology within its geographic, cultural and political context. The chemical analyses provide a clear picture of the crucible steel industry of Chāhak including some unique features, which characterize this particular tradition. The thesis provides a detailed picture of the Chāhak tradition of crucible steel production, and the skills and knowledge of the craftsmen in using specific methods and substances to create Chāhakī pūlād, which for centuries was widely known for the swords (known as Chāhakī swords) made from it. This thesis broadens our understanding of Persian pūlād technology by defining a different tradition within Persian pūlād technology, and provides the basis for future artefacts analyses to identify products of the Chāhakī pūlād making tradition.
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Kazeminejad, Ghazaleh. "Pronominal Complex Predicates in Colloquial Persian." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/5.
Full textAbstract:
Pronominal complex predicates in colloquial Persian are periphrastic constructions with an idiosyncratic syntactic pattern. They show a peculiar behavior compared to the regular agreement system in Persian, and they are the only construction in Persian which requires the obligatory presence of a pronominal enclitic. This work is an attempt to analyze this construction in order to find its function. For this purpose, a lexical semantic classification of them was proposed, which helped in presenting a new analysis. It was found out that this construction is used to express a particular diathesis in which the topic of the sentence (determined according to Givón’s topicality hierarchy) is an indirect participant. I proposed a hybrid dual-layer agreement system which includes a morphosyntactic and a semantic layer. The pronominal enclitic was analyzed as a phrasal affix and agreement marker by reference to Givón’s (1976) and Anderson’s (2005) arguments. The construction was analyzed to be an instance of the external possessor construction proposed by Haig (2008), which is observed in Iranian languages. The classification of the data clarified the mapping of semantics onto syntax. The proposed analysis could be added to and unified with the current analysis of Persian complex predicates (Bonami and Samvelian, 2009).
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von, Zeipel Kenneth. "Persian potential preterit : The use of the preterit in potential conditional clauses in modern literary texts in Persian." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-157176.
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Sedighi, Anousha. "Quirky subjects: Do they exist in Persian?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6140.
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This thesis studies the nature of certain subject-like NPs in Persian and examines whether or not they can be considered "Quirky Subjects". Quirky subjects are subject-like NP's that bear non-nominative case and a non-agentive theta role, yet have some properties of subjects. This work demonstrates that subject-like NPs in Persian are neither subjects nor, quirky subjects. In fact, they are "Left-dislocated constituents". In these constructions the reason for the default format of the verb is the nature of the subject, which is the psychological state rather than the subject-like NP (experiencer). Moreover, the notion of "Subject" and "Subjecthood" will be discussed and the claim that subject is not a rigid concept will be supported.
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Hashabeiky, Forogh. "Persian Orthography : Modification or Changeover? (1850-2000)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, : Uppsala University Library [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5784.
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Nanbakhsh, Golnaz. "Persian address pronouns and politeness in interaction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6206.
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In this thesis, I aim to investigate the variation of Persian pronominal address system and politeness strategies in contemporary Iranian society from a quantitative and qualitative sociolinguistic perspective. I focus on Persian speakers’ use and perception of pronominal address forms in the light of socio-cultural norms in contemporary Iran. Persian, has two personal pronouns for singular address, to ([to]) the familiar or intimate ‘you’ and šoma ([∫oma:]) the deferential or formal ‘you’ (historically the second person plural but now also used as second person singular). Moreover, Persian is a pro-drop language, so the interaction between address pronouns and agreement marking on the verb must be taken into account. Another significant feature of colloquial Persian is a hybrid usage of the overt deferential second person pronoun and informal agreement forming a mismatch construction (i.e. šoma with 2s verb agreement) and intra-speaker pronominal address switches that occur between the deferential and casual pronominal address forms. Those deviations from the prescribed forms and/or distribution of the address pronouns are very interesting aspects that may show different levels of politeness even in one utterance. Consequently, this research examines spontaneous data looking at the sociolinguistic distributions and the pragmatic functions of pronominal address forms in contemporary Persian language and politeness synchronically. Three types of spontaneous data were collected for the purpose of analysis: a) participant observation, b) natural media conversations and c) sociolinguistic interviews with Persian speakers. In this study, the quantitative analysis investigates the correlation of pronominal address forms with extralinguistic factors such as age and gender of speaker and addressee in the interactional data. The qualitative analysis sheds light on how pronominal address forms and their variation encode communicative strategies in face-to-face interactions. Based on triangulation of quantitative and qualitative results with sociolinguistic interviews, I propose a dynamic model of indexicality for Persian pronominal address forms, which accommodates different forms and functions of address pronouns in interactional stances.
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Cortese, Delia. "Eschatology and power in mediaeval Persian Ismailism." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245816.
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Arabifard, Bita. "Categorisation of Persian mosques by shape grammar." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24083.
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In this research, a shape grammar for Persian mosque is developed. This grammar breaks down the geometry of the given plans into their constituent parts and allows these parts to be analysed individually. This shape grammar supplies each plan under consideration a constructive description, that is, a set of operations by means of which the plan could be generated from the initial shape. The shape rules and the classes they defined are the basis for a rigorous and substantial analysis of the formal composition of Persian mosque designs. Moreover, they are used for reproducing the plans. The result provides a classification of Persian mosque plans which is not only precise, but also flexible and by no means restricted to other factors, such as climate, material and so on.
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Parikh, Rachel. "Persian pomp, Indian circumstance : the Khalili Falnama." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648619.
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Sitali, Abel S. "Monotheism and Angelology in Persian Period Yehud." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66647.
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Monotheism and its development in Israelite religion is a topic that continues to invite scholarly engagement. Some of the key talking points around it involve whether or not it was developed before or after the exilic period. At the same time, and irrespective of when it was introduced into Israelite religion, the circumstances that facilitated its development have never been acknowledged with unanimity. The purpose of the present study is two-fold: first, it seeks to prove that pre-exilic Israelite religion was as syncretistic as any other ancient Near Eastern tradition, and that exclusive monotheism only became a reality in Persian period Yehud. Secondly, the study is also intended to authenticate the hypothesis that in the wake of the development of monotheism in Yehud, all deities other than Yahweh were demoted to the status of מלאכים, messengers (angels) leaving Yahweh as the only legitimate God.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Old Testament Department - University of Pretoria
Old Testament Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
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Marvasti, Parastou. "The acquisition of verbal morphology in Persian." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12887/.
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This study constitutes the first focused description and analysis of the acquisition of Persian inflectional morphology. It focuses on the order in which children acquire the verbal morphological system and also considers factors that influence the order of acquisition. Three monolingual Persian children with the age range of 1;8 to 3;1 were videotaped at one-to-four month intervals in naturalistic interaction with their mothers. Based on transcription of these sessions, the point of acquisition of verbal inflections was determined following two sets of criteria: productivity and contrastive use of inflections (Pizzuto and Caselli, 1994, adjusted to Persian) and deployment of morphemes in obligatory context (Cazden, 1968). The main finding is that although some shared order of emergence and development of productivity can be identified, it is not possible to talk about distinct stages in the acquisition of verbal morphemes, such that the acquisition of number, aspect, mood, tense or person could be said to occur in any set order. For example, in two of the children Person and Mood contrasts develop before AFF/NEG and Tense contrasts, followed by Number and Aspect contrasts; however, Person and AFF/NEG inflections are acquired to full criteria at the same MLU in each child (i.e., 1.5 and 1.9, respectively). The different patterns of productivity along with different pictures of development observed for each of the three children raise the question of what determines which forms will be learned and in which order. The frequency of occurrence of verbal morphemes in the input speech of the three mothers was found to be related to the order of emergence, productivity and contrastive knowledge of the morphemes in the children, whereas the role of typological factors (i.e., perceptual salience and transparency) was not straightforward. The results of the study are consistent with a constructivist account of language acquisition, which sees the acquisition of morphemes as a gradual process activated following considerable exposure to the input in different variations in terms of types and tokens. Furthermore, the findings confirm the interdependence of lexical and morphosyntactic development by demonstrating that it is prompted by an increase in the size of the lexicon over a certain level.
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Saberi, Elham <1989>. "Extraction of semantic relations in Persian text." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10481.
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The purpose of this thesis is introduce a way to make a reliable structure for Persian text in the web by finding semantic relations between Persian words.
There is a corpus for Persian text with label for each word (label such as : Noun or Adjective) , There is a bunch of patterns to extraction the relations , system make a comparison and give the relations as a result.(relations such as this words are Ezafe takhsisi or they are Ezafe jensi )
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Elyasi, Mahmoud. "Language proficiency and academic achievement of monolingual Persian-speaking and bilingual Turkish-Persian-speaking primary school children in Quchan." Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433684.
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Fathi, Besharat. "Terminology planning evaluation: the case of Persian language." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/432790.
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The strategic importance of terminology planning, its complexities,
and implementation of the policies have been tackled in the
literature from distinct points of views. The diversity of discussions
and methodologies used to advocate the dynamicity of
terminological activities and their context-based characteristics has
brought about challenges in the evaluation of terminology works.
These challenges are associated with the definitions of terminology
planning from different perspectives (i.e. national, international,
local) on the one hand, and on the other hand, are caused by the lack
of an analytical framework that can address complex relations
among terminology planning elements and criteria.
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of designing
a methodological framework that can be useful for conducting
evaluations on terminology planning and standardization in the
national or local scenarios. For this purpose, I have adapted the
evaluation methodology used in development plans to the context of
terminology planning based on which I have evaluated the
terminology work and standardization at the Academy of Persian
Language and Literature. It is assumed that this methodology can be
useful for the improvement and development of any type of
terminology activity defined in the framework of language
planning.La importancia estratégica de la planificación terminológica, su complejidad y la implementación de las políticas terminológicas se han abordado en la literatura desde distintos puntos de vista. La diversidad de debates y metodologías utilizadas para defender la dinámica de las actividades terminológicas y sus características basadas en los contextos particulares, han resultado obstáculos en la evaluación de los trabajos terminológicos. Estos obstáculos están asociados con las definiciones de la planificación terminológica según a diferentes perspectivas (nacional, internacional, local) por un lado, y por otro lado, son resultados de la falta de un marco analítico que pueda dirigir las relaciones complejas entre elementos y criterios de la planificación terminológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la posibilidad de diseñar un marco analítico que pueda ser útil para llevar a cabo evaluaciones sobre planificación terminológica y estandarización en un escenario nacional o local. Para ello, he adaptado la metodología de evaluación utilizada en los planes de desarrollo al contexto de la planificación terminológica a partir de la cual he evaluado el trabajo terminológico y la estandarización en la Academia de Lengua y Literatura Persa. Se supone que esta metodología puede ser útil para mejorar y desarrollar de cualquier tipo de actividad terminológica definida en el marco de la planificación lingüística.
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Moinzadeh, Ahmad. "An antisymmetric, minimalist approach to Persian phrase structure." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9399.
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In this thesis, I investigate phrase structure in Persian within the Minimalist framework of Chomsky (1995, 1998). Adopting Kayne's (1994) Linear Correspondence Axiom, which examines the relation of hierarchical structure and linear order, I propose a head-initial analysis for Persian, and develop an analysis of SVO word order based on the examination of all lexical and functional categories. Prior to investigating categories which are common to other languages, I examine the Ezafe Phrase (EzP), a functional phrasal category specific to Persian. The EzP is headed by a morpheme which may be phonetically realized as e/ye or null o. This morpheme regulates the occurrence of more than one complement in DPs/NPs and APs. Like the other phrasal categories investigated, the EzP is shown to follow the Spec-Head-Complement configuration (of the Linear Correspondence Axiom). My argumentation for a head-initial configuration for Persian, and the implication of a basic SVO word order is based largely on evidence for noun phrases and verb phrases. I provide support for a DP analysis of Persian nominal phrases, and demonstrate that both DPs and lexical NPs display a head-initial configuration. While Persian VPs exhibit both VO and OV word order in unmarked sentences, I argue that they consistently display a head-initial configuration, an analysis which is theoretically preferable to one based on dual directionality. I support my proposal for a head-initial analysis of VPs and a basic SVO word order in Persian with a variety of empirical evidence about verbal complements, including the exclusive post-verbal generation of CP complements, the placement of clitics, and the position of adverbs relative to verbal heads and their complements. While concentrating on DPs and VPs, I further support my analysis of a head-initial configuration for Persian by examining the Spec-Head-Complement configuration in APs, PPs, IPs and in less detail, the internal structure of CPs and TopPs. On the basis of both theoretical and empirical evidence, I propose a head-initial analysis for all phrasal categories in Persian. In conclusion, I turn to diachronic data which also provides evidence of the Spec-Head-Complement analysis I have proposed for Modern Persian.
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Raghibdoust, Shahla. "Comprehension and grammaticality judgement in Persian-speaking agrammatics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ46539.pdf.
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Emami, Hassan. "Fitzgerald as a Translator and Mediator of Persian." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521946.
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Modarresi, Fereshteh. "Bare Nouns in Persian: Interpretation, Grammar, and Prosody." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31168.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the variable behavior of bare nouns in Persian. Bare singular nouns realize different grammatical functions, including subject, object and indirect object. They receive different interpretations, including generic, definite and existential readings. However, the task of understanding the reasons for, and limits on, this variation cannot be achieved without understanding a number of pivotal features of Persian sentential architecture, including Information Structure, prosody, word order, and the functions of various morphological markers in Persian.
After a brief introduction, chapters 2-3 deal with bare noun objects, firstly comparing them with nominals marked with indefinite morpheme -i suffixed to the noun, and the determiner yek. A bare noun object differs from morphologically marked nominals as it shows properties associated with noun incorporation in the literature (chapter 2). Of particular interest are the discourse properties of these ‘quasi-incorporated’ nominals. With respect to the discourse transparency of Incorporated Nominals, Persian belongs to the class of discourse opaque languages within Mithun’s classification (1984). However, under certain circumstances, Persian bare nouns show discourse transparency. These circumstances are examined in chapter 3, and it is proposed that bare nouns do introduce a number neutral discourse referent. There are no overt anaphoric expressions that could match such number-neutral antecedents in Persian. But covert anaphora lack number features, and hence can serve as means to pick up a number-neutral discourse referent. Also, in case world knowledge tells us that the number-neutral discourse referent is anchored to an atomic entity or to a collection, then an overt singular pronoun or an overt plural pronoun might fit the combined linguistic and conceptual requirements, and may be used to pick up the number-neutral discourse referent. This proposal is phrased within Discourse Representation Theory.
In the second half of the dissertation, the interpretation of bare nouns in different positions and with different grammatical functions are discussed. Under the independently supported hypothesis of position>interpretation mapping developed by Diesing (1992), we will see the role of the suffix -ra in indicating that an object has been moved out of VP. Following Diesing, I assume that VP-internal variables are subject to an operation of Existential Closure. In many cases, VP-external –ra-marked objects have a different interpretation to their VP-internal, non-ra-marked, counterparts, because of escaping Existential Closure. For subjects, there is no morphological marking corresponding to –ra on objects, and we have to rely on prosody and word order to determine how a VP is interpreted using theories of the interaction of accent and syntactic structure. We assume that VP-internal subjects exist, under two independent but converging assumptions. The first is prosodic in nature: Subjects can be accented without being narrowly focused; theories of Persian prosody predict then that there is a maximal constituent that contains both the subject and the verb as its head. The second is semantic in nature: Bare nouns require an external existential closure operation to be interpreted existentially, and we have to assume existential closure over the VP for our analysis of the interpretation of objects. So, this existential closure would provide the necessary quantificational force for bare noun subjects as well. It is proposed that both subject and object originate within the VP, and can move out to the VP-external domain. The motivation for these movements are informational-structural in nature, relating in particular to the distinctions between given and new information, and default and non-default information structure.
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Redmond, Daniel F. "American Persian Gulf policy after the Gulf War." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26349.
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American policy in the Persian Gulf since the end of the Gulf war has dangerously overemphasized military instruments to protect United States interests in the region. This military focus suggests that threats to American interests are external and visible. At the same time it neglects the challenges posed to U.S. interests by internal political upheaval in the pro-American regimes of the Gulf Cooperation Council and ignores the societal disruptions associated with modernizing societies. Despite their considerable oil wealth, these polities will be increasingly vulnerable to instability if the regimes in power continue their monopoly on political power. Moreover, the highly visible and active presence of American armed forces in the Gulf today intensifies the perception of the U.S. as an imperial super power and unknowingly threatens to undermine the stability of the GCC states by providing opposition groups with a powerful symbol with which to challenge the political status quo....Persian Gulf War, U.S. Persian Gulf Policy, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Political Development in Arabian Peninsula, Modernization in Arabian Peninsula
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EBRAICO, PAULA RUBEA BRETANHA MENDONCA. "AMERICAN GEOPOLITICAL OPTIONS: THE CASE OF PERSIAN GULF." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8064@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOO Golfo Pérsico é responsável por aproximadamente trinta por cento da produção mundial de petróleo e detém mais da metade das reservas petrolíferas mundiais. A concentração geográfica do principal recurso enérgico, que alimenta o atual padrão tecnológico mundial, eleva essa região a um ponto de passagem obrigatório nas opções de geopolítica de todos os países do Sistema Internacional. O Golfo Pérsico é uma região de grande instabilidade política, e em menos de trinta anos, enfrentou três guerras internacionais: nos anos oitenta a Guerra Irã- Iraque, nos anos noventa a Guerra do Golfo e, mais recentemente a Invasão Americana ao Iraque. Tais conflitos foram marcados pelo uso, ou pela ameaça de uso, de armas de destruição em massa, e pelas perdas de um contingente imenso das populações dos países em conflito. Esta dissertação analisa a participação americana nestes três conflitos, tomando como referenciais conceitos de geopolítica, uma vez que a especificidade da região exige a retomada dessa disciplina que anda esquecida nas análises internacionais. A geopolítica procura enfatizar o impacto da geografia sobre a política; desta forma, a presença do petróleo no território do Golfo Pérsico, entendido como o Coração Energético Mundial, vai influir decisivamente nas suas relações com os outros Estados do Sistema Internacional. Este estudo analisa as opções de geopolítica dos EUA para a região durante os três conflitos, uma vez que assegurar o acesso às fontes de suprimento energético do Golfo Pérsico é um interesse nacional vital americano.
The Persian Gulf produces about thirty per cent of the world's oil, while holding more than a half of the world's crude oil reserves. The geographical concentration of the most important energy resource that holds the world's contemporary technological standard, puts this region in a very important place for the geopolitical options for all countries in the International System. However, the Persian Gulf is a political unstable region in the world, in less than thirty years was involved in three international wars: in the eighties The Iran-Iraq War, in the nineties The Gulf War and recently The American Invasion of Iraq. These conflicts were known by the use or by the threat of use weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and by the heavy casualties in the countries involved in the war. This dissertation analyses the American participation in these three conflicts taking as referential geopolitical concepts, once the specificity of the region demands the rebirth of this discipline that was so often forgotten in the international analyses. The geopolitics emphasize the geographical impact over politics, so the oil reserves in the territory of the Persian Gulf, the energy heartland, will influence the relationship with the others States in the International System. This study examines the American geopolitical options for the region, once a secure access to Persian Gulf is America's national vital interest.
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Taher-Kermani, Reza. "The Persian 'presence' in nineteenth-century English poetry." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658568.
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This thesis examines the 'presence' of Persia' in nineteenth-century English poetry. The focus is not on translations of Persian poetry as such, but on the ways in which knowledge of Persia, derived from a variety of sources including classical and biblical texts, history, and travel-writing, entered into English poetry in the period. Such knowledge may shape the structure of a poem, or Its verbal texture, and may do so at different levels of intensity and significance. This complex phenomenon cannot fully be covered by the term 'influence'; the term 'presence' encompasses a variety of . literary engagements including translation, imitation, interpretation, representation, conscious allusion, and indirect borrowing. The methodology of the thesis is neither that of conventional literary history, in which questions of influence and intertextuality are of primary concern, nor of cultural history, in which literature is seen as part of a broader analysis of the history of ideas. While recognising the importance of recent cross-cultural theories, notably Edward Said's Orientalism, it does not follow ,any theoretical model in its analysis of the poetic adaptation and appropriation of Persian stories, themes, and tropes. The poems themselves, whether considered in categories or as individual works, are the object of attention; particular emphasis is laid on elements that might be less 'visible' to English readers who lack knowledge of Persian literature in its original forms. The aim is to define the nature, and degree, of 'Persian-ness' in nineteenth-century English poetry. The term itself has multiple and shifting associations, but one strong connecting thread may be discerned in the poems discussed: the persistence, through a period in which British encounters with 'modem' Persia were increasing in the areas of diplomacy and trade, and in which knowledge of the country's history, language, and culture was becoming more exact and more detailed, of a fantasised 'Persia', or Persian 'imaginary', compounded of ancient and in some cases mythic elements. Structurally the thesis moves from context to text, and from general to specific: it begins with the provision of necessary contextual information about Anglo-Persian contacts before the nineteenth century, moves on to survey and classify the 'Persian tendency' in poetry of the period, and then offers case-studies of three central works: Matthew Arnold's Sohrab and Rustum (1853), Edward FitzGerald's Rubaiyat ofOmar Khayyam (1859), and Robert Browning's Ferishtah's Fancies (1884).
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Shadchehr, Farah Fatima Golparvaran. "'Abd al-Rahman Jami: Naqshbandi Sufi, Persian Poet." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1217869380.
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Rees, Daniel A. "Towards Proto-Persian an Optimality Theoretic historical reconstruction /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436441601/viewonline.
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Mohammadi, Saeed. "Persian carpet manufacturing : value chains, governance, and embeddedness." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101333/1/Saeed_Mohammadi_Thesis.pdf.
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In this thesis three regional case studies were analysed to explore coordination mechanisms within the Persian rug industry. Analysis using the Global Value Chain approach highlights value creation through chain governance and network dynamics to coordinate value-added activities. While the GVC approach worked well at accounting for the intra- and inter-regional variation in observed coordination mechanisms, examination of the role of embeddedness of social relations among producers and weavers was also required. Gender and spatial issues were especially important in understand coordination differences across regions.
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Hajibashi, Zjaleh Elizabeth. "The fiction of the post-revolutionary Iranian woman /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9905742.
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Koutlaki, Sofia. "The Persian system of politeness and the Persian folk concept of face, with some reference to EFL teaching to Iranian native speakers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339017.
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