Journal articles on the topic 'Perpetration'
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1
Brennan, Carolyn L., Kevin M. Swartout, Sarah L. Cook, and Dominic J. Parrott. "A Qualitative Analysis of Offenders’ Emotional Responses to Perpetrating Sexual Assault." Sexual Abuse 30, no. 4 (September 2, 2016): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063216667917.
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The purpose of this study was to understand sexual assault perpetrators’ emotional responses to perpetration to facilitate treatment development and to better understand processes that may give rise to repeat perpetration. Sixty-one firsthand narratives of sexual assault perpetration, posted on Reddit.com , were analyzed using qualitative text analysis. The analysis revealed four primary emotional responses to perpetrating sexual assault: shame, guilt, depression, and anger. Each emotional response was associated with different contextual features that appeared in the narratives. Shame co-occurred with perpetrator alcohol use and consent confusion, guilt co-occurred with perpetrators’ stated self-growth, anger co-occurred with denial of responsibility and hostility toward women, and depressed affect co-occurred with social isolation following perpetration. The findings indicate certain emotional responses may be more adaptive than others for protecting against repeat perpetration. This research has important implications for the treatment of perpetrators and supports the idea that self-image and perceived social context may be important treatment targets.
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Trojanowski, Paige J., Lauren Breithaupt, Sonakshi Negi, Joseph Wonderlich, and Sarah Fischer. "Lack of guilt, shame, and remorse following weight stigma expression: a real-time assessment pilot study." PeerJ 8 (December 22, 2020): e10294. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10294.
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Objective Weight stigma is pervasive and is associated with negative health and psychological outcomes. Few studies have examined weight stigma perpetration or the emotions individuals experience after perpetrating weight stigma. This study used experience sampling to explore the nature and frequency of weight stigma behaviors and cognitions and moral emotions (shame, guilt, remorse, pride) in the perpetrator following weight stigma perpetration. Methods Participants were college students (N = 31, 77.1% female). Participants completed baseline measures of anti-fat attitudes and one week of experience sampling phone prompts assessing: (1) weight stigma behaviors and cognitions and (2) moral emotions. Generalized estimating equation analyses were used to model trajectories of moral emotions after weight stigma events. Results Thirty-one participants reported 1,008 weight stigma events over 7.5 days. Feelings of guilt, shame, and remorse decreased after weight stigma perpetration. Individuals also reported feeling less proud after engaging in weight stigma. Conclusions Weight stigma occurs frequently as reported by perpetrators. A lack of remorse, guilt, and shame is evident in undergraduates after they express weight stigma; however, individuals in this study also reported feeling less pride after perpetration. This study highlights the need for future studies to explore the expression of weight stigma from the perspective of perpetrators instead of targets. Results highlight the pervasiveness and normative nature of weight stigma perpetration in everyday life and the need to better understand the emotional response following weight stigma perpetration as a potential mechanism of its perpetuation.
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Karagyozova, Tanya. "Is Indirect Perpetration Possible in All Kinds of Crimes?" De Jure 13, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/dqbt6833.
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This article studies the issues of whether indirect perpetration has the same range as direct perpetration, and of whether indirect perpetration is possible every time when the indirect perpetrator uses a non-criminally liable person. And, last but not least, it analyzes the possibility of crimes that require special qualities of the subject or special intention to be committed by the indirect perpetrator.
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Hines, Denise A., and Kimberly J. Saudino. "Gender Differences in Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Aggression Among College Students Using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales." Violence and Victims 18, no. 2 (April 2003): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.2.197.
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In response to criticisms of the Conflict Tactics Scales, Straus revised the original scale to include sexual aggression and injury. The purpose of the present study was to use this new scale to replicate and expand existing knowledge of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression in dating relationships. Four-hundred-eighty-one college students completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. As expected, females reported perpetrating more psychological aggression than males; there were no gender differences in reported physical aggression; and psychological and physical aggression tended to co-occur. Contrary to previous research, there were no gender differences in injuries. As expected, males reported perpetrating more sexual coercion than females; however, females also reported perpetrating sexual aggression, and there were no gender differences in reported victimization. For males, sexual coercion perpetration (not victimization) was related to the perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological aggression. For females, both sexual coercion perpetration and victimization were related to the perpetration and victimization of psychological aggression and victimization from physical aggression, but not to physical aggression perpetration.
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Krahé, Barbara, Isabell Schuster, and Paulina Tomaszewska. "Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a German University Student Sample." Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 2109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01963-4.
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AbstractThis study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a sample of 1,172 students (755 female, 417 male) from four universities in Germany. All participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14 years, using the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Prevalence rates were established for different coercive strategies, sexual acts, and victim–perpetrator relationships. Both same-sex and opposite-sex victim–perpetrator constellations were examined. The overall victimization rate was 62.1% for women and 37.5% for men. The overall perpetration rate was 17.7% for men and 9.4% for women. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners than for participants with exclusively opposite-sex partners. Significant overlap was found between victim and perpetrator status for men and women as well as for participants with only opposite-sex and both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. A disparity between (higher) victimization and (lower) perpetration reports was found for both men and women, suggesting a general underreporting of perpetration rather than a gendered explanation in terms of social desirability or the perception of consent cues. The findings are placed in the international research literature on the prevalence of sexual aggression before and after the #metoo campaign, and their implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
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Orcutt, Holly K., Marilyn Garcia, and Scott M. Pickett. "Female-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence and Romantic Attachment Style in a College Student Sample." Violence and Victims 20, no. 3 (June 2005): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.20.3.287.
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The frequency, severity, and reciprocity of female-perpetrated intimate partner violence and its consequences (i. e., injuries) were investigated in a college sample of women (N = 457). Participants were classified into one of the following four groups on the basis of selfreported physical assault perpetration and victimization against their relationship partners: nonviolent, perpetrator-only, victim-only, and bidirectionally violent. Results showed that females in the bidirectionally violent group had a reportedly higher occurrence (although not always statistically significant) of perpetration and victimization than those in the perpetrator-only and victim-only groups. Additionally, a similar degree of reciprocity was indicated by females in bidirectionally violent relationships in terms of violence severity and the occurrence of injury. Adult romantic attachment style was also examined among a subset of females (N = 328), and bidirectionally violent females were found to have the highest reported levels of attachment anxiety. Further, females high in attachment anxiety and low in attachment avoidance were more likely to report perpetrating violence than females high in both styles. Implications for prevention are discussed.
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Mróz, Jakub. "O problemie akcesoryjności sprawstwa kierowniczego w Kodeksie karnym, czyli o pilnej potrzebie zmiany art. 18 § 1 Kodeksu karnego." Prawo w Działaniu 55 (2023): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32041/pwd.5513.
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In this article the author undertakes accessory problem with directing perpetration in Polish Penal code from 1997. In this study the author tries to provide answers to two essential questions: does control of the commission of a prohibited act by another person introduces to the structure of criminal sanctioned norm a requirement of performance of a prohibited act by executive perpetrator? as well as, is directing perpetration a form of committing an offence independent of executive perpetrator act? Based on linguistic analysis of this regulation the conclusion is that in construction of directing perpetration accessory is inscribed.
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Vasiljević, Dragana. "Co-perpetration in criminal legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 56, no. 1 (2022): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns56-36573.
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In the criminal legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the participation of several persons in the commission of a criminal offense is regulated in the provisions of the general parts of Criminal Codes in accordance with the restrictive notion of the perpetrator. (Co)perpetration is clearly separated from complicity, where the starting point is the principle of limited accessory. In addition to the above, the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina contains a solution based on the monistic understanding of the perpetrator, thus accepting the extensive-restrictive model of perpetration. Author pays attention to the legal regulation of the model of co-perpetration in the criminal legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Canfield, Martha, Polly Radcliffe, Ana Flavia Pires Lucas D’Oliveira, and Gail Gilchrist. "Factors associated with the severity of IPV perpetrated by substance using men towards current partner." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 13, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-04-2019-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) severity perpetrated by heterosexual men receiving treatment for substance use towards a current partner in the past 12 months. Design/methodology/approach A secondary analysis of a self-reported questionnaire (n=162) completed by men receiving treatment for substance use in England and Brazil was conducted. Types of IPV perpetration (emotional, physical and/or sexual IPV) and frequency of occurrence were assessed. A five level ordinal variable for IPV perpetration severity was created: no IPV, minor; moderate, low severe and high severe. Psychological and cultural correlates of perpetration severity were explored using ordinal logistic regression. Findings Approximately four in ten men reported perpetrating IPV towards their partner in the past 12 months, one in ten reported perpetrating severe IPV (including hitting with something, kicking or beating, choking or burning, threatening with/using a weapon, sexual IPV and frequent emotional IPV) during this period. A number of correlates of perpetration severity were identified: experiencing childhood physical abuse, witnessing IPV in childhood, perpetrating IPV in previous relationships, committing violence towards another man, controlling behaviours, technology-facilitated abuse, depressive symptoms, having a substance using partner, receiving treatment for illicit drug use, hazardous drinking and poly-drug use. Research limitations/implications Despite the small sample size, small to large positive associations were observed between reporting IPV perpetration and several factors. These factors could be targeted to improve identification and assessment of IPV among men receiving treatment for substance use. Originality/value A strength of this study methodology is the use of a specific 12 months time frame for the perpetration of IPV towards current partner. The categorisation of levels of IPV perpetration based on types and frequency of violence occurrence was an additional valuable contribution of this study.
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Breet, Elsie, Soraya Seedat, and Ashraf Kagee. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Men and Women Who Perpetrate Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 10 (July 17, 2016): 2181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516660297.
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Poor mental health is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Literature suggests that gender differences play a role in this association. The aims of this study were to examine the: 1) prevalence of IPV perpetrated by men and women; and 2) association between symptoms of depression or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and IPV perpetration among men and women. A convenience sample of 210 people living in three peri-urban areas in South Africa completed self-report questionnaires that assessed symptoms of common mental health disorders and IPV. Gender differences were not found with regard to perpetrating physical assault and psychological aggression, although men were more likely than women to report perpetration of sexual coercion (42.9% vs. 23.8%). Men who reported higher symptoms of PTSD were 3 times (OR = 2.63, p = .023) more likely to report perpetrating sexual coercion, when controlling for demographic characteristics and symptoms of depression, than men who reported lower levels of PTSD. Women who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression were 4 times (OR = 3.9, p = .01) more likely to report perpetrating physical assault, when controlling for demographic characteristics and symptoms of PTSD, than women who reported minimal to mild symptoms of depression. Findings add further support for differences in rates of IPV perpetration, and poor mental health as a risk for IPV perpetration. Interventions aimed at reducing IPV perpetration in the South African setting will only be marginally effective if gender-specific interventions are not developed that consider co-occurring symptoms of PTSD and depression.
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Hernández-Romero, Hebe, Paulina Rincon, Yaranay López-Angulo, Rubia Cobo-Rendón, and Elvis Siprian Castro-Alzate. "Factors associated with victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression in Chilean university students." Revista de Investigación de la Universidad Norbert Wiener 12 (April 14, 2023): a0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37768/unw.rinv.12.01.a0017.
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Introduction: Sexual aggression is a type of violence considered a public health problem that can affect people at any time of their lives. This investigation had three objectives: 1) to know the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression and its subtypes in the Chilean university context, 2) to identify the association of sex on the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression and its subtypes, and 3) to identify the association of alcohol consumption and victim-perpetrator relationship in the subtypes of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression based on sex. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, with a sample of 1728 students (65.3% women) with a median age of 22 years. Results: 42.6% and 8.3% of the students reported at least one incident of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression respectively in the last 12 months; an association of sex with the victimization of sexual aggression χ2 (1, N = 1728) = 101,425, p < .001 and its subtypes was identified; no sex association was identified with the perpetration of sexual aggression, but with sexual coercion χ2 (1, N = 1728) = 5,122, p < .05. In the case of alcohol consumption and victim-perpetrator relationship, they were associated with some subtypes of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression. Conclusion: the findings contribute to the estimation of the magnitude of sexual aggression and associated factors in the university context, which should be explored in depth in order to create preventive programs for victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression.
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Verbruggen, Janna, Arjan Blokland, Amanda L. Robinson, and Christopher D. Maxwell. "The relationship between criminal behaviour over the life-course and intimate partner violence perpetration in later life." European Journal of Criminology 17, no. 6 (January 30, 2019): 784–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818825344.
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This study examines the relationship between criminal behaviour over the life-course and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and general violence in later life. The study uses data on a subsample ( N = 585) from the Dutch Criminal Career and Life-Course Study, and combines officially registered longitudinal data on convictions with self-reported data on IPV perpetration, violent offending and several individual factors, collected at age 60. The results show that those with a history of persistent general and violent offending over the life-course are at increased risk of perpetrating IPV and other violent crimes in later life. Additionally, certain background and current factors are also related to IPV perpetration. Men who have experienced family violence in childhood and those who are married are more likely to report IPV perpetration, whereas relationship quality and employment are associated with a reduced likelihood of IPV perpetration. The findings suggest that an integrated theoretical approach is most useful to understand IPV perpetration, with the ultimate aim of informing evidence-based interventions necessary for reducing IPV in society.
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Mulawa, Marta, Lusajo J. Kajula, Thespina J. Yamanis, Peter Balvanz, Mrema N. Kilonzo, and Suzanne Maman. "Perpetration and Victimization of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Men and Women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 16 (January 21, 2016): 2486–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515625910.
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We describe and compare the baseline rates of victimization and perpetration of three forms of intimate partner violence (IPV)—psychological, physical, and sexual—among sexually active men ( n = 1,113) and women ( n = 226) enrolled in an ongoing cluster-randomized HIV and gender-based violence prevention trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. IPV was measured using a modified version of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women instrument. We assess the degree to which men and women report overlapping forms of IPV victimization and perpetration. Sociodemographic and other factors associated with increased risk of victimization and perpetration of IPV are examined. Within the last 12 months, 34.8% of men and 35.8% of women reported any form of IPV victimization. Men were more likely than women to report perpetrating IPV (27.6% vs. 14.6%, respectively). We also found high rates of co-occurrence of IPV victimization and perpetration with 69.7% of male perpetrators and 81.8% of female perpetrators also reporting victimization during the last year. Among men, having ever consumed alcohol and experiencing childhood violence were associated with increased risk of most forms of IPV. Younger women were more likely to report perpetrating IPV than older women. We found evidence of gender symmetry with regard to most forms of IPV victimization, but men reported higher rates of IPV perpetration than women. Given the substantial overlap between victimization and perpetration reported, our findings suggest that IPV may be bidirectional within relationships in this setting and warrant further investigation. Implications for interventions are discussed.
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Raj, Anita, Elizabeth Reed, Seth L. Welles, Maria Christina Santana, and Jay G. Silverman. "Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Risky Sexual Behavior, and STI/HIV Diagnosis Among Heterosexual African American Men." American Journal of Men's Health 2, no. 3 (August 29, 2008): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988308320269.
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Evidence indicates that abusive male partners pose increased risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV among females. However, research with males on this issue is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and recent STI/HIV diagnosis, unprotected sex, and sex trade involvement among heterosexual African American men. In this cross-sectional study, heterosexual African American males aged 18 to 65 years who reported two or more sex partners in the past year were recruited from urban health clinics to complete a computerized survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, IPV perpetration history, risky sexual behaviors, and substance use. Multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed associations between IPV perpetration and STI/HIV risk. More than half of participants in this sample (61%) were unemployed; 28.2% had less than a high school education and 23.1% were homeless. One-fifth of the sample (21.2%) reported IPV perpetration in their current relationship. IPV perpetration was significantly associated with recent STI/HIV diagnosis, unprotected anal sex, and buying sex. IPV perpetration is pervasive among heterosexually at-risk African American men presenting for clinical care, and those perpetrating IPV are at heightened risk for STI/HIV.
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Holmes, Samantha C., Nicole L. Johnson, Elsa E. Rojas-Ashe, Taylor L. Ceroni, Katherine M. Fedele, and Dawn M. Johnson. "Prevalence and Predictors of Bidirectional Violence in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Residing at Shelters." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 16 (September 27, 2016): 3492–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516670183.
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There has been a long-standing debate regarding whether or not there is gender symmetry in intimate partner violence (IPV); however, shelter samples have been understudied thus far. This study investigates the prevalence and predictors of IPV perpetration in a sample of 227 women in battered women’s shelters. Participants were asked to complete a number of measures assessing demographics, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) diagnoses, traumatic life events, and perpetration and victimization of IPV. Although the vast majority of women in this sample (93%) report perpetrating some form of IPV, few women endorsed violence that was not mutual (5.3%). Furthermore, for every type of IPV assessed, women were victimized significantly more than they perpetrated. Results also indicate that women’s perpetration of IPV, and predictors of such perpetration, varied across type, severity, and measurement of violence. However, most IPV outcome variables were predicted by women’s experience of victimization. Taken as a whole, these results support the assertion that context matters when examining the relative rates of perpetration as well as its predictors.
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Lynch, Kellie R., and Claire M. Renzetti. "Alcohol Use, Hostile Sexism, and Religious Self-Regulation: Investigating Risk and Protective Factors of IPV Perpetration." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 17-18 (May 12, 2017): 3237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517708758.
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Research suggests that the relationship between alcohol use and intimate partner violence (IPV) is moderated by a range of other factors. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between alcohol use, hostile sexism, and religious self-regulation with perpetration. Using a national sample of 255 men, we found that hostile sexism was associated with physical violence toward a partner and alcohol use was positively associated with psychological abuse toward a partner. With regard to religious self-regulation, we found that introjected religious self-regulation was positively associated with hostile sexism and positively associated with perpetrating physical IPV. Identified religious self-regulation was negatively associated with physical violence perpetration. We also found significant interactions among our independent measures on physical IPV perpetration. These analyses suggest that increased alcohol consumption elevates the risk for physical violence perpetration among men who are high in introjected religious self-regulation and low in hostile sexism, while reducing the risk for perpetration in men who are high in identified religious self-regulation and low in hostile sexism. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.
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Richards, Tara N., Kathryn A. Branch, and Katherine Ray. "The Impact of Parental and Peer Social Support on Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Female Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study." Violence and Victims 29, no. 2 (2014): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00141r1.
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Little is known about the role social support may play in reducing the risk of adolescent dating violence perpetration and victimization. This study is a longitudinal analysis of the independent impact of social support from friends and parents on the risk of emotional and physical dating violence perpetration and victimization among a large sample of female youth (n = 346). Findings indicate that 22% of the sample indicated perpetrating physical dating violence against a partner, whereas almost 16% revealed being the victim of physical dating violence; 34% of the sample indicated perpetrating emotional dating violence against a partner, whereas almost 39% revealed being the victim of emotional dating violence. Negative binomial regression models indicated that increased levels of support from friends at Time 1 was associated with significantly less physical and emotional dating violence perpetration and emotional (but not physical) dating violence victimization at Time 2. Parental support was not significantly related to dating violence in any model. Implications for dating violence curriculum and future research are addressed.
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Tomaszewska, Paulina, and Barbara Krahé. "Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration Among Female and Male University Students in Poland." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 4 (October 14, 2015): 571–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515609583.
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This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs.
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Murshid, Nadine Shaanta. "Men’s Report of Domestic Violence Perpetration in Bangladesh." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515585544.
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This study provides an examination of the antecedents of domestic violence perpetration among a nationally representative sample of men in Bangladesh using an ecological model. Secondary analysis of survey data from nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey is used to examine potential antecedents of perpetration of domestic violence in a sample of 3,371 ever-married men between the ages of 15 and 54 years. Outcome measure is perpetration of domestic violence as measured by a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), and predictor variables include maternal domestic violence, egalitarianism, marital age, number of household members, wealth index, marital duration, and demographic variables. Men who reported maternal domestic violence had 0.13 greater probability of perpetrating domestic violence compared with men who did not report maternal domestic violence, men who were egalitarian had 0.04 greater probability of perpetrating domestic violence compared with men who were not egalitarian, men in larger households were less likely to report domestic violence. At the same time, the probability of domestic violence perpetration was 0.07 smaller for men who were married at age 36 years and older, as compared with men who were married between the ages of 16 and 20 years, as well as men who were married for more than 5 years when compared with men married for 0 to 4 years. Finally, the probability of domestic violence perpetration was 0.17 smaller for men who were married between the ages of 21 and 25 years and 0.10 smaller for men married between the ages of 26 and 35 years, compared with men who married below the legal marital age of 21. This study provides support for the use of an ecological model to explain domestic violence perpetration in the context of Bangladesh to suggest a multipronged holistic effort to address this insidious social problem and prevent its intergenerational transmission.
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Kelley, Michelle L., Robert J. Milletich, Robin J. Lewis, Barbara A. Winstead, Cathy L. Barraco, Miguel A. Padilla, and Courtney Lynn. "Predictors of Perpetration of Men’s Same-Sex Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 29, no. 5 (2014): 784–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00096.
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This study examined alcohol consumption, internalized homophobia, and outness as related to men’s (N = 107) reports of the perpetration of violence against a same-sex partner. Higher typical weekly alcohol consumption, higher levels of internalized homophobia, and less outness (e.g., lower levels of disclosure of one’s sexual orientation) predicted the perpetration of partner violence. In contrast to what we expected, the interaction between higher alcohol consumption and higher levels of outness about one’s sexual orientation (i.e., being open to friends, family members, work colleagues) increased the likelihood of participants’ reports of perpetrating physical violence. These results suggest the importance of both alcohol consumption and sexual minority stressors and their interactions in understanding men’s perpetration of same-sex partner violence.
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Karagyozova, Tanya. "Attempt to indirect perpetration." Law Journal of New Bulgarian University 17, `1 (July 26, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ljnbu.21.1.3.
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This article concerns issues about the responsibility of the indirect perpetrator when the crime has not been finished. First, the beginning of the phase of attempt to indirect perpetration crime is clarified. Second, the particularity of the two basic types of attempt – completed and uncompleted is analyzed. Finally, conclusion that the indirect perpetrator is not guilty of an attempt in case of voluntary abandonment of the effort to commit the crime or prevention of the crime from being committed, is made in order to distinguish the two basic types of attempt.
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Khoury-Kassabri, Mona, Faye Mishna, and Adeem Ahmad Massarwi. "Cyberbullying Perpetration by Arab Youth: The Direct and Interactive Role of Individual, Family, and Neighborhood Characteristics." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 12 (July 25, 2016): 2498–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516660975.
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This study adopts a social-ecological/contextual perspective to explore Arab youth involvement in cyberbullying perpetration. We explored the association between individual (age, gender, and impulsivity), family (socioeconomic status and parental monitoring), and community (experiencing neighborhood violence) characteristics and cyberbullying perpetration. A moderation model exploring individual, family, and context interactions was tested. A sample of 3,178 Arab students in Grades 7 to 11 completed a structured, anonymous self-report questionnaire. The findings suggest that almost 14% of the participants have cyberbullied others during the last month. Adolescent boys with high impulsivity, low parental monitoring, and who experience a high level of violence in their neighborhood are at especially high risk of cyberbullying perpetration. Parental monitoring moderated the effects of impulsivity and experiencing neighborhood violence on adolescents’ involvement in perpetrating cyberbullying. Furthermore, the results show that impulsive adolescents who experience high levels of neighborhood violence are at higher risk of cyberbullying perpetration than low impulsive children who experience the same levels of neighborhood violence. The results highlight the central role parenting plays in protecting their children from involvement in cyberbullying perpetration by buffering the effects of personal and situational risk factors.
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Sileo, Katelyn M., Rebecca Luttinen, Suyapa Muñoz, and Terrence D. Hill. "Mechanisms Linking Masculine Discrepancy Stress and the Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men in the United States." American Journal of Men's Health 16, no. 4 (July 2022): 155798832211193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883221119355.
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Although studies show that masculine discrepancy stress (i.e., the intrapsychic strain associated with failing to meet internalized masculine ideals) is associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, little is known about the processes underlying this association. There may be other social psychological constructs at play that explain this relationship further. The present study uses recently collected data from a national survey of men living in the United States ( n = 711) to formally test whether the effects of discrepancy stress on three different forms of IPV perpetration are mediated by anger, self-esteem, and perceived powerlessness. We find that discrepancy stress is directly associated with higher levels of anger, lower levels self-esteem, a sense of powerlessness, and a greater odds of perpetrating any physical IPV and severe physical IPV resulting in injuries, but not sexual IPV perpetration in our sample of men. Our mediation analyses confirms that masculine discrepancy stress is indirectly associated with perpetrating all three forms of IPV through the mechanism of anger. Self-esteem and perceived powerlessness are not supported as mediators. These findings add to our understanding of the link between masculinity and violence perpetration and can inform IPV reduction interventions. Gender transformative interventions that reduce discrepancy stress among men by shifting men’s adherence to traditional masculine norms, and that integrate anger management strategies, should be explored in future research.
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Ndoromo, Owen, Karin Österman, and Kaj Björkqvist. "Sex Differences in Perpetration of Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i1.p93-101.
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The aim of the study was to investigate sex differences in perpetration of low intensity intimate partner aggression in South Sudan, to compare levels of perpetration and victimisation, and further to test whether the revised gender symmetry theory (Archer, 2018) could be applicable in an African country. A questionnaire was filled in by 302 females and 118 males in South Sudan, the mean age was 22.5 years (SD 8.4) for women, and 25.6 years (SD 7.8) for men. Intimate partner aggression was measured with self-reports using both the perpetrator and the victim versions of the Direct Indirect Aggression Scales for Adults (DIAS-Adult; Österman - Björkqvist, 2009), which measures seven types of aggressive behavoiurs. The results showed no significant difference between females and males on perpetration of five out of seven types of aggression; physical, verbal and nonverbal aggression, as well as direct and indirect aggressive social manipulation. For females, levels of victimisation and perpetration of aggression were equally high; this was the case for all seven types of aggression while, for males, victimisation was significantly higher than perpetration on three types of aggression. The results provide support for the revised gender symmetry theory in an African developing country.
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Manea, Dragoş, and Mihaela Precup. "‘Who were you crying for?’: Empathy, fantasy and the framing of the perpetrator in Nina Bunjevac’s Bezimena." Studies in Comics 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/stic_00036_1.
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Serbian-Canadian cartoonist Nina Bunjevac’s third book, Bezimena (2019), embeds child sexual abuse and murder in an improbable geography where myth and fairy tale work together to create an otherworldly atmosphere, by turns mesmerizing and horrifying. Bunjevac’s previous work (Heartless [2012] and Fatherland [2014]) testifies to her continued commitment to exploring issues that are relevant to the feminist project, such as domestic violence, abortion, sexual assault and discrimination against female immigrant workers. In this article, we are particularly interested in exploring the manner in which Bezimena frames the figure of the perpetrator, as the context of the final question of the book ‐ ‘who were you crying for?’ ‐ repositions the entire ethical premise of the narrative by suggesting that responsibility for perpetration may lie both within and without the body and consciousness of the perpetrator himself. In conversation with scholars who attempt to expand the narrow category of ‘perpetrator’, such as Michael Rothberg or Scott Strauss, we explore how graphic narratives can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of perpetration, particularly in the case of sexual assault, and analyse Bezimena’s innovative approach to the representation of perpetration, as the book’s depiction of perpetrators and accomplices is mixed with elements of fantasy and mythology.
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Aretz, Sabine Elisabeth. "Sexualization of Female Perpetration in Fictional Holocaust Films: A Case Study of The Reader (2008)." Genealogy 3, no. 4 (September 28, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3040052.
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The publication of Bernhard Schlink’s novel The Reader (1995) sparked conversation and controversy about sexuality, female perpetrators and the complexity of guilt regarding the Holocaust. The screen adaptation of the book (Daldry 2008) amplified these discussions on an international scale. Fictional Holocaust films have a history of being met with skepticism or even reject on the one hand and great acclaim on the other hand. As this paper will outline, the focus has often been on male perpetrators and female victims. The portrayal of female perpetration reveals dichotomous stereotypes, often neglecting the complexity of the subject matter. This paper focuses on the ways in which sexualization is used specifically to portray female perpetrators in The Reader, as a fictional Holocaust film. An assessment of Hanna’s relationship to Michael and her autonomous sexuality and her later inferior, victimized portrayal as an ambiguous perpetrator is the focus of my paper. Hanna’s sexuality is structurally separated from her role as a perpetrator. Hanna’s perpetration is, through the dichotomous motif of sexuality throughout the film, characterized by a feminization. However, this feminization entails a relativization of Hanna’s culpability, revealing a pejorative of her depiction as a perpetrator. Consequently, I argue that Hanna’s sexualized female body is constructed as a central part of the revelation of her perpetration.
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Neal, Angela M., and Katie M. Edwards. "Perpetrators’ and Victims’ Attributions for IPV: A Critical Review of the Literature." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 18, no. 3 (September 6, 2015): 239–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015603551.
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Research shows that there are a variety of reasons why people self-report engaging in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, but few studies report victims’ attributions for their partners’ IPV perpetration. Because there are two acting partners in relationships, as well as the IPV incidents that occur in the relationships, to fully understand the dynamics of IPV, both partners’ perceptions of why the incidents occur must be understood. The authors of this article systematically reviewed the available empirical evidence regarding male and female perpetrators’ endorsed attributions for their IPV perpetration, as well victims’ attributions for their partners’ IPV perpetration. Several literature databases were explored, resulting in 50 articles that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. IPV perpetrators’ commonly endorsed attributions for physical and psychological IPV consisted of control, anger, retaliation, self-defense, to get attention, and an inability to express oneself verbally. Research has not examined endorsed attributions for coercive control. The few studies examining attributions for sexual IPV found that it was attributed to dominance or hedonism. Themes regarding victims’ attributions were largely similar to those of the perpetrators, however, there were some differences. Victims’ attributions for physical IPV perpetration consisted of anger, control, jealousy, and the influence of drugs/alcohol, which are similar to perpetrators’ self-reported attributions for engaging in IPV perpetration. Victims’ attributions for their partners’ psychological IPV perpetration consisted of the perpetrator’s personality, relationship dissolution, alcohol, and their partners’ jealousy. Victims’ attributions for their partners’ sexual IPV perpetration, however, differed from perpetrators’ attributions, consisting of the victim believing that the perpetrator thought they wanted it, being under the influence of alcohol/drugs, and doing it out of love. Methodological inconsistencies, directions for future research, and treatment implications are also discussed.
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Pollard, Deanna L., and Arthur L. Cantos. "Attachment, Emotion Dysregulation, and Physical IPV in Predominantly Hispanic, Young Adult Couples." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 7241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147241.
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Insecure attachment has been found to be a risk factor for perpetrating physical intimate partner violence (IPV). However, this association is likely exacerbated by additional factors, such as conflicting insecure attachment in one’s partner and difficulties with overall emotion regulation and impulse control. The present study aimed to examine the associations between insecure attachment and physical IPV perpetration in male and female partners, as well as to examine whether these associations are exacerbated by involvement with a partner with opposing attachment needs and overall emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. Additionally, this study examined whether partners’ emotion dysregulation interacted to predict IPV. Two hundred eight heterosexual couples primarily recruited from a Hispanic-serving university completed questionnaires on attachment, emotion dysregulation, and one’s own and one’s partner’s perpetration. Results revealed that attachment anxiety, impulsivity, and an interaction effect between attachment avoidance and partner’s attachment anxiety were associated with self-reported, but not partner-reported, male perpetration. For females, attachment anxiety was associated with female IPV (self-reported and partner-reported), and impulsivity was associated with self-reported female IPV. Overall, results underscore how relationships between known risk factors and IPV perpetration may differ depending on if IPV perpetration is measured using self-reported or partner-reported data. Additional results and implications are discussed.
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Bonell, Christopher, Matthew Dodd, Elizabeth Allen, Leonardo Bevilacqua, Jennifer McGowan, Charles Opondo, Joanna Sturgess, Diana Elbourne, Emily Warren, and Russell M. Viner. "Broader impacts of an intervention to transform school environments on student behaviour and school functioning: post hoc analyses from the INCLUSIVE cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (May 2020): e031589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031589.
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BackgroundWe have previously reported benefits for reduced bullying, smoking, alcohol and other drug use and mental health from a trial of ‘Learning Together’, an intervention that aimed to modify school environments and implement restorative practice and a social and emotional skill curriculum.ObjectivesTo conduct post hoc theory-driven analyses of broader impacts.DesignCluster randomised trial.Settings40 state secondary schools in southern England.ParticipantsStudents aged 11/12 years at baseline.OutcomesStudent self-reported measures at 24 and 36 months of: cyberbullying victimisation and perpetration; observations of other students perpetrating aggressive behaviours at school; own perpetration of aggressive behaviours in and outside school; perceived lack of safety at school; participation in school disciplinary procedures; truancy and e-cigarette use.ResultsWe found evidence of multiple impacts on other health (reduced e-cigarette use, cyberbullying perpetration, perpetration of aggressive behaviours) and educational (reduced participation in school disciplinary procedures and truancy) outcomes.ConclusionThese analyses suggested that the intervention was effective in bringing about a broader range of beneficial outcomes, adding to the evidence that the intervention is a promising approach to promote adolescent health via an intervention that is attractive to schools.Trial registration numberISRCTN10751359.
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Wright, Michelle F. "Adolescent Cyberbullies’ Attributions: Longitudinal Linkages to Cyberbullying Perpetration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 12 (June 8, 2023): 6083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20126083.
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The aim of the present study was to examine cyberbullies’ attributions pertaining to their perpetration of cyberbullying, and how such attributions relate to their cyberbullying behaviors six months later. Participants were 216 adolescents (M = 13.46, SD = 0.62 years; 55% female) from the suburbs of a large Midwestern city in the United States. They were interviewed face-to-face in the fall of 2018 concerning why they acted in negative ways toward peers online or through text messages. They also answered questionnaires regarding how often they perpetrated face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying during the fall of 2018 and spring of 2019. The attributions of revenge, convenience, anger, and anonymity each predicted cyberbullying at the second time point while controlling for face-to-face bullying perpetration. Results from this study provide important information to the literature regarding cyberbullies’ attributions for perpetrating cyberbullying, and how such attributions predict future cyberbullying perpetration. These findings are important for the development of antibullying programs that might aim to change adolescents’ attributions for cyberbullying perpetration to reduce continued engagement in these behaviors.
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Tussey, Brian Ermon, and Kimberly A. Tyler. "Toward a Comprehensive Model of Physical Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization." Violence and Victims 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 661–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00130.
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Though physical dating violence is prevalent among college students, the literature remains disjointed due to the number of studies that are a theoretical. As such, we examine physical dating violence perpetration and victimization informed by three theories: the background-situational model of dating violence, social learning theory, and attachment theory. Results revealed that gender, child abuse, styles of attachment, and risky behaviors were associated with both perpetrating and being a victim of physical dating violence. Protective factors, including maternal relationship quality and religiosity, were associated with a lower risk of perpetrating dating violence. Analyses demonstrate that some elements of all three theoretical perspectives were associated with dating violence perpetration and victimization. Implications of the study findings on practice and future research are discussed.
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Forster, Myriam, Amy L. Gower, Barbara J. McMorris, and Iris W. Borowsky. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and School-Based Victimization and Perpetration." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 3-4 (January 30, 2017): 662–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517689885.
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Retrospective studies using adult self-report data have demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase risk of violence perpetration and victimization. However, research examining the associations between adolescent reports of ACE and school violence involvement is sparse. The present study examines the relationship between adolescent reported ACE and multiple types of on-campus violence (bringing a weapon to campus, being threatened with a weapon, bullying, fighting, vandalism) for boys and girls as well as the risk of membership in victim, perpetrator, and victim–perpetrator groups. The analytic sample was comprised of ninth graders who participated in the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey ( n ~ 37,000). Multinomial logistic regression models calculated the risk of membership for victim only, perpetrator only, and victim–perpetrator subgroups, relative to no violence involvement, for students with ACE as compared with those with no ACE. Separate logistic regression models assessed the association between cumulative ACE and school-based violence, adjusting for age, ethnicity, family structure, poverty status, internalizing symptoms, and school district size. Nearly 30% of students were exposed to at least one ACE. Students with ACE represent 19% of no violence, 38% of victim only, 40% of perpetrator only, and 63% of victim–perpetrator groups. There was a strong, graded relationship between ACE and the probability of school-based victimization: physical bullying for boys but not girls, being threatened with a weapon, and theft or property destruction ( ps < .001) and perpetration: bullying and bringing a weapon to campus ( ps < .001), with boys especially vulnerable to the negative effects of cumulative ACE. We recommend that schools systematically screen for ACE, particularly among younger adolescents involved in victimization and perpetration, and develop the infrastructure to increase access to trauma-informed intervention services. Future research priorities and implications are discussed.
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Nwabueze, Agatha, Olujide Adekeye, Gbadebo O. Adejumo, Sussan O. Adeusi, Florence Omumu, and Olufunke Chenube. "Efficacy of Therapeutic Role-Play on Bullying Perpetration among Secondary School Students in Lagos State." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (December 28, 2022): 1707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10317.
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BACKGROUND: School bullying has become worrisome all over the world. There is no adequate information on bullying in schools in Nigeria, especially regarding the prevalence and treatment programme. Therefore, this descriptive study examined the efficacy of therapeutic role-plays on bullying perpetration among secondary school students in Lagos State. AIM: This descriptive study examined the efficacy of therapeutic role-plays on bullying perpetration among secondary school students in Lagos State. METHODS: The study adopted both survey and experimental designs. The study was in two phases and covered the two of the six educational districts of Lagos State. One thousand, four hundred and forty (1440) participants took part in the prevalence study, while one hundred and thirty-eight participated in the second phase, which was an experimental study. RESULTS: The finding revealed a significant effect of therapeutic role-play in treating bullying perpetrations among secondary school students (t = 72.822, df = 68; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The study concluded that therapeutic role-play effectively reduces bullying perpetrations. Therefore, counsellors should adopt psychological interventions like therapeutic role-play to reduce bullying perpetrations in secondary schools.
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Jeglic, Elizabeth L., and Georgia M. Winters. "The Role of Technology in the Perpetration of Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Importance of Considering Both In-Person and Online Interactions." Children 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2023): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10081306.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a pervasive global problem. To date, prevention efforts have largely focused on legislative efforts, parent and child education, and environmental protections. Due to the proliferation of the Internet, and especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, recent prevention efforts have focused on online CSA. However, the extent to which technology is being used in the perpetration of in-person, contact CSA remains unclear. This study examined the role of technology in the perpetration of in-person, contact CSA using a sample of 332 adult CSA survivors who completed an anonymous online survey. Overall, we found that only 8.5% of the sample reported that they met the perpetrator online through social media, chatrooms, and other online applications. When looking at the role of technology in the perpetration of the abuse, 35% reported texting with the perpetrator, 27% reported engaging in online chats, and 33% spoke to the perpetrator on the phone. Few participants reported sending (11%) or receiving (13%) photographs or videos that were sexual in nature. Technology use was reported more frequently in CSA involving adolescents than CSA involving children aged 12 and under. There were no differences in the use of technology based on the age of the person who perpetrated the CSA. These findings will be discussed as they pertain to prevention efforts for CSA.
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Shorey, Ryan C., Tara L. Cornelius, and Catherine Idema. "Trait Anger as a Mediator of Difficulties With Emotion Regulation and Female-Perpetrated Psychological Aggression." Violence and Victims 26, no. 3 (2011): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.3.271.
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Recent research has demonstrated the devastating impact of female-perpetrated psychological aggression in intimate relationships broadly and dating relationships specifically. With the perpetration of psychological aggression in dating relationships occurring at shockingly high rates, prevention programming for dating violence should target this form of aggression. Toward this end, it is important to understand the antecedent conditions that increase one’s risk for perpetrating psychological aggression. This study sought to examine two possible risk factors for perpetrating psychological aggression among female undergraduates (N = 145), namely, emotion regulation and trait anger. Findings showed that difficulties with emotion regulation and trait anger were associated with increased psychological aggression perpetration, and trait anger mediated the link between emotion regulation and psychological aggression. Implications of these findings for prevention programming and future research are discussed.
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Segal, Steven P., Lachlan Rimes, and Stephania L. Hayes. "The utility of outpatient commitment: Reduced-risks of victimization and crime perpetration." European Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (2019): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.12.001.
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AbstractBackground:Outpatient civil commitment (OCC) provisions, community treatment orders (CTOs) in Australia and Commonwealth nations, are part of mental health law worldwide.This study considers whether and by what means OCC provides statutorily required “needed-treatment” addressing two aspects of its legal mandate to protect the safety of self (exclusive of deliberate-self-harm) and others.Method:Over a 12.4-year period, records of hospitalized-psychiatric-patients, 11,424 with CTO-assignment and 16,161 without CTO-assignment were linked to police-records. Imminent-safety-threats included perpetrations and victimizations by homicides, rapes, assaults/abductions, and robberies. “Need for treatment” determinations were validated independently by Health of the Nations Scale (HoNOS) severity-score-profiles. Logistic regressions, with propensity-score- adjustment and control for 46 potential confounding-factors, were used to evaluate the association of CTO-assignment with occurrence-risk of perpetrations and victimizations.Results:CTO-assignment was associated with reduced safety-risk: 17% in initial-perpetrations, 11% in initial-victimizations, and 22% for repeat-perpetrations. Each ten-community-treatment-days in interaction with CTO-assignment was associated with a 3.4% reduced-perpetration-risk. CTO-initiated-re-hospitalization was associated with a 13% reduced-initial-perpetration-risk, a 17% reduced-initial-victimization-risk, and a 22% reduced-repeat-victimization-risk. All risk-estimates appear to be the unique contributions of the CTO, CTO-initiated-re-hospitalization, or the provision of ten-community-treatment-days—i.e. after accounting for the influence of prior crimes and victimizations, ethnic-bias, neighborhood disadvantage and other between-group differences in the analysis.Conclusions:CTO assignment’s association with reduced criminal-victimization and perpetration-risk, in conjunction with requiring participation in needed-treatment via re-hospitalization and community-service, adds support to the conclusion that OCC is to some extent fulfilling its legal objectives related to protecting safety of self (exclusive of deliberate-self-harm), and others.
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Erickson, Kerry A., Melissa Jonnson, Jennifer I. Langille, and Zach Walsh. "Victim Gender, Rater Attitudes, and Rater Violence History Influence Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 32, no. 3 (2017): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00086.
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Perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV) have been proposed to play a role in the stigmatization and underreporting of violence by individuals who are victimized by intimate partners, especially in cases that are inconsistent with the male-to-female IPV paradigm. We examined the independent and combined influences of victim and perpetrator sex, attitudes toward gender roles, and history of IPV perpetration on perceptions of IPV among 240 college students. We employed a vignette methodology to manipulate perpetrator and victim sex in a fully crossed design. Results indicate that violence perpetrated against males is perceived as less serious and more justified, and male victims are perceived to be more blameworthy than female victims. Traditional gender role attitudes and histories of IPV perpetration are associated with greater blaming of victims and justification of perpetrators across contexts.
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Rao, Jiaming, Haiqing Wang, Minhui Pang, Jianwei Yang, Jiayi Zhang, Yunfeng Ye, Xiongfei Chen, Shengyong Wang, and Xiaomei Dong. "Cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation among junior and senior high school students in Guangzhou, China." Injury Prevention 25, no. 1 (April 6, 2017): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042210.
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ObjectivesCyberbullying research in China is in early stage. This study describes the cyberbullying experiences of junior and senior high school students in Guangzhou, China, and to examine the risk factors associated with cyberbullying perpetrators, victims and perpetrator-victims among students. We also investigated the frequency of cyberbullying and coping strategies of student victims.MethodsParticipants were 2590 students in grades 7, 8, 9 and 10 from six junior and senior high schools in October 2015 in Guangzhou, in south China, who completed a questionnaire. Data on participants' experiences with cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation during the previous 6 months were collected. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with being perpetrators, victims and perpetrator-victims.ResultsIn this sample, 28.0% (725) of participants reported being a perpetrator and 44.5% (1150) reported being a victim in the previous 6 months. Specifically, 2.9% (74) reported being perpetrators only, 19.3% (499) reported being victims only and 25.2% (651) reported being perpetrator-victims (both perpetrator and victim). In addition, flaming was the most common form of cyberbullying in both perpetration and victimisation. Logistic regression analyses indicated that online game addiction in participants was associated with increased odds of being a perpetrator only; no democratic parenting style in the mother and physical discipline by parents were associated with increased odds of being a victim only; male students, students with low academic achievement, those spending over 2 hours a day online, experiencing physical discipline from parents and online game addiction were associated with increased odds of both perpetration and victimisation.ConclusionsCyberbullying is a common experience among Chinese junior and senior high school students. These findings add to the empirical data on cyberbullying and reinforce the urgent need for cyberbullying prevention in China. Furthermore, from the perspective of practice, it is important to raise our awareness of cyerbullying and reduce the risk factors.
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Kar, Heidi Lary, and K. Daniel O’Leary. "Emotional Intimacy Mediates the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans." Violence and Victims 28, no. 5 (2013): 790–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00080.
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Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at elevated risk for perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). Little research exists on the link between PTSD and physical IPV in Operational Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans. A sample of 110 male participants was recruited from the Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Three separate models were compared to determine which best explained the relationships between PTSD, IPV, emotional intimacy, and relationship satisfaction. Constructs were assessed via a battery of standardized, self-report instruments. Thirty-three percent of veterans had clinically elevated PTSD scores, and 31% of the men reported that they engaged in physical IPV in the past year. Poor emotional intimacy mediated the association between PTSD symptoms and perpetration of physical IPV. Past predeployment IPV perpetration was shown to be a predictor for current postdeployment physical IPV perpetration.
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Zhang, Huiping, William C. W. Wong, Patrick Ip, Gina W. F. Lai, T. H. Lam, Kwok Fai Lam, Susan Fan, et al. "A Study of Violence Among Hong Kong Young Adults and Associated Substance Use, Risky Sexual Behaviors, and Pregnancy." Violence and Victims 31, no. 5 (2016): 985–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00181.
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This study aimed to estimate the self-reported prevalence of violence perpetration and victimization among Hong Kong youths and the associated health risk behaviors using a representative sample of 1,126 young adults aged 18–27 years. Perpetrating physical and emotional violence was common in Hong Kong, with prevalences ranging from 20.8% to 38.3% in males and from 6.4% to 21.3% in females. Victimization of physical and emotional violence was also common for both sexes, with prevalences ranging from 16.4% to 36.3% in males and from 6.6% to 19.2% in females. Perpetration of sexual harassment and sexual violence was less prevalent, whereas victimization of sexual harassment and sexual violence ranged from 0.6% to 3.6% in males and from 2.3% to 13.2% in females. Both violence perpetration and victimization among youths were significantly associated with substance use, risky sexual behaviors, and pregnancy. The implications of this study for violence prevention programs are discussed.
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Chesworth, Brittney R. "Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: Moving Toward a Comprehensive Conceptual Framework." Partner Abuse 9, no. 1 (2018): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.9.1.75.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an urgent public health concern. Despite extensive research that has highlighted the heterogeneity of IPV perpetrators, the majority of treatment programs for perpetrators have taken a “one-size-fits-all” approach, which has rendered high rates of attrition and violence recidivism. More comprehensive intervention approaches are needed to address the individual treatment needs of IPV perpetrators. Intervention should be founded on a problem theory that delineates how the relevant sequelae are connected to the social problem in order to provide guidance on how it may be addressed. Accordingly, the primary aim of this article is to take an initial step toward improving IPV perpetrator intervention by examining current theory and offering a refined theoretical lens with which to view IPV perpetration. After a thorough examination of IPV perpetration, including the epidemiology, etiology, and implications for social welfare and social intervention, an in-depth review is provided on three key theories commonly applied to IPV perpetration: feminist theory, neurobiological theories of trauma, and attachment theory. This article concludes with a critique of each theory and the proposal of a new, more comprehensive conceptual model for understanding the risk factors of IPV perpetration.
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Villora, Beatriz, Santiago Yubero, and Raúl Navarro. "Associations between Feminine Gender Norms and Cyber Dating Abuse in Female Adults." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9040035.
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Gender norms and the co-occurrence of perpetration and victimization behaviors have been examined as key factors of female dating violence in offline contexts. However, these relationships have not been analyzed in digital environments. This is why the present study had a twofold objective: (1) exploring the co-occurrence nature of cyber dating abuse by examining to what extent victimization and perpetration overlap; (2) examining the associations between conformity to feminine gender norms and cyber dating abuse among female adults who are perpetrators or victims. The sample study included 1041 female university students (mean age = 20.51) from central Spain. The results indicated that 35.8% of the sample reported being a victim and a perpetrator of cyber dating abuse at the same time. Indeed, the hierarchical regression analyses revealed a close association between perpetration and victimization behaviors in both the direct and control forms of abuse examined. Our analyses did not reveal any significant associations between conformity to female gender norms and perpetration or victimization for any cyber dating abuse form examined. Our results are discussed in the light of previous research and after considering limitations, practical implications and future research directions.
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Ryoo, Ji Hoon, Cixin Wang, Susan M. Swearer, and Sunhee Park. "Investigation of Transitions in Bullying/Victimization Statuses of Gifted and General Education Students." Exceptional Children 83, no. 4 (July 2017): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014402917698500.
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To examine the experiences of victimization and bullying among gifted students and their general education peers, we applied a latent transition analysis with longitudinal data from 299 gifted and 689 general education students (fifth to ninth graders). We identified 4 latent statuses for victimization (4.8%–5.2%, frequent victims; 7.4%–12.2%, frequent relational victims; 28.7%–35.8%, occasional victims; 46.8%–59.2%, infrequent victims) and 3 latent statuses for perpetration (3.9%–5.6%, frequent perpetrators; 22.2%–29.7%, occasional relational perpetrators; 66.4%–72.2%, infrequent perpetrators). There was no difference in victimization experiences between the gifted and general education students, but there were group differences in the prevalence rates and their changes in transition patterns in perpetration. Further, the effect of grade level was found to affect the transition patterns of perpetration; for gifted students (not their general education peers), the probabilities of being a frequent victim correlated with the probabilities of being a frequent perpetrator later.
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Busch, Christophe. "Perpetration: from demons and desperados to processes of perpetration." Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire, no. 136 (April 10, 2023): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/temoigner.11816.
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Bates, Lis. "Females perpetrating honour-based abuse: controllers, collaborators or coerced?" Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 10, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-01-2018-0341.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address an emerging international debate about the involvement of females in perpetrating honour-based abuse (HBA). Presenting new empirical data, this study profiles the different roles played by women, discussing them in relation to gender and their relationships to victims, and argues that acknowledgement of female perpetrators does not fundamentally challenge a gendered interpretation of HBA. Design/methodology/approach Some 1,474 case files flagged as HBA were gathered from one police force in Southern England and 50 domestic abuse agencies across England and Wales. Descriptive statistics explored which victim, perpetrator and abuse characteristics were associated with female perpetration. Case narratives were thematically analysed to profile the different roles females played. Findings were explored in eight key informant interviews with caseworkers from the services data came from. Findings This paper finds that: females are more involved in perpetrating HBA than other forms of domestic abuse, but primary perpetrators are still mostly male; victims are overwhelmingly female; the context for abuse is the maintenance of patriarchal values on gender roles; female perpetrator roles vary, meriting further exploration; and female perpetrators can be conceptualised within a gendered framework. Originality/value This paper presents important new empirical data to advance the debate on the role of women in perpetrating HBA. It will be of interest to academics, researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners alike.
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Cornelius, Tara L., Kathryn M. Bell, Nicole Wyngarden, and Ryan C. Shorey. "What Happens After I Hit? A Qualitative Analysis of the Consequences of Dating Violence for Female Perpetrators." Violence and Victims 30, no. 3 (2015): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00058.
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Objectives: The primary goal of this study is to qualitatively examine reinforcing and punishing consequences following the perpetration of physical aggression by women in dating relationships because recent theoretical conceptualizations of intimate partner violence have emphasized an examination of such consequences. Method: Participants were 25 undergraduate women in current dating relationships who reported previous perpetration of physical dating violence and completed a qualitative, theoretically based interview on the consequences of their aggression perpetration. Results: Findings demonstrated that violent episodes resulted in both reinforcing and punishing consequences, with 100% of instances resulting in reinforcing consequences for the perpetrator and 76% classified as punishing, which were divided into 15 different classes of outcomes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dating violence prevention programming could focus their efforts on increasing use of nonaggressive behaviors leading to reinforcing outcomes among dating couples during conflict resolution. This also has important implications for theoretical models of intimate partner violence.
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Segrin, Chris, and R. Amanda Cooper. "Unique Effects of Psychological Distress in Victimization and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 41, no. 4 (August 2022): 398–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.398.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) reliably co-occurs with psychological distress. However, understanding the precise nature of the association between these two classes of variables, as potential cause or effect, is complicated by the fact that victimization of IPV is not often studied controlling for simultaneous perpetration, and vice versa. It is therefore important to control for one form of IPV when testing predictors of the other to accurately understand the extent to which psychological distress may predispose people to these serious interpersonal problems. Method: Two national survey studies were conducted to test the unique associations between victimization and perpetration of IPV with psychological distress. In the first study, 773 adults completed survey measures of IPV (victimization and perpetration) and psychological distress (depression and stress). In the second study, 389 participants completed the same measures as in Study 1, but at two waves separated by three months (T1-T2 follow-up rate 73%). Results: In study 1, both depression and stress were concurrently associated with perpetrating IPV, when controlling for victimization. However, only depression was associated with victimization, after controlling for perpetration. Results of study 2 showed that both depression and stress are prospectively associated with IPV victimization. However, they are not prospectively associated with IPV perpetration, net the effect of IPV victimization. Discussion: These results are consistent with the interactional model of depression by showing that people with depression, and high levels of stress, are at heightened risk for experiencing IPV, even after controlling for their own propensity to enact IPV.
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Malhi, Noreen, John L. Oliffe, Vicky Bungay, and Mary T. Kelly. "Male Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Violence: A Scoping Review." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 5 (September 2020): 155798832096360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320963600.
Full textAbstract:
Male violence against females most often occurs within intimate relationships, and when that occurs during youth, it is termed adolescent dating violence (ADV). A scoping review focused on male perpetration of ADV was conducted to synthesize existing evidence and offer insights about what influences male adolescents to perpetrate ADV. The current scoping review explored the findings drawn from 16 research studies conducted in the United States, Spain, South Africa, and Italy, to distil modifiable factors related to male perpetration of ADV. Three themes were extrapolated from the 16 studies: (a) entitlement; (b) adverse childhood experiences (ACE); and (c) ineffective conflict management. Entitlement as a theme was characterized by attitudes and beliefs aligning to violence, hierarchical and marginalizing masculine norms, traditional gender roles, and male superiority, which in various configurations influenced the perpetration of ADV. ACE as a theme highlighted how male adolescents who had experienced, observed, and/or initiated abuse were at increased risk of perpetrating ADV. Male adolescents with ineffective conflict management (theme 3), including alcohol use and/or emotional dysregulation, were also at higher risk of perpetrating ADV. Tailored prevention efforts are often delinked from issues of male entitlement, ACE, and ineffective conflict management; therefore, we make suggestions for trauma-informed care to guide primary care providers (PCPs) in the assessment and management of ADV.
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Monson, Candice M., and Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling. "Sexual and Nonsexual Dating Violence Perpetration: Testing an Integrated Perpetrator Typology." Violence and Victims 17, no. 4 (August 2002): 403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.4.403.33684.
Full textAbstract:
The present study tested the validity of an integrated sexual and nonsexual violence perpetrator typology outlined by Monson and Langhinrichsen-Rohling (1998) in a sample of 670 dating individuals. Two-hundred-and-sixty-five of the participants (87 men, 178 women) reported some act of sexual and/or physical dating violence perpetration in their lifetime. The data supported at least three perpetrator types, namely, the Relationship-only, Generally Violent/Antisocial, and Histrionic/Preoccupied types. Overall, these findings indicate that different factors may cause or maintain the intimate violence perpetrated within this heterogeneous population. There were important gender differences in perpetrator type membership, highlighting the differences in men’s and women’s use of violence. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to the development of typologies, their application to men and women perpetrators, as well as their utility for the assessment and treatment of perpetrators.
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Taft, Casey, Sonia Schwartz, and Jane M. Liebschutz. "Intimate Partner Aggression Perpetration in Primary Care Chronic Pain Patients." Violence and Victims 25, no. 5 (October 2010): 649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.5.649.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the prevalence and correlates of partner aggression perpetration in 597 primary care chronic pain patients. Approximately 30% of participants reported perpetrating low-level aggression, 12% reported injuring their partner, and 5% reported engaging in sexual coercion. Women reported more low-level aggression perpetration than men, and men reported more engagement in sexual coercion than women. Substance use disorders (SUD) were associated with all outcomes, and both aggression victimization and lifetime ratings of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were associated with low-level aggression and injuries. In multivariate analyses, gender, aggression victimization, PTSD, and SUD evidenced associations with one or more outcomes. Findings indicate a need for aggression screening in this population and highlight avenues for intervention.