Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Perpetration'
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Sizemore, Erica D. "Youth Bullying: From Traditional Bullying Perpetration to Cyberbullying Perpetration and the Role of Gender." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2543.
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Youth bullying is a common form of youth violence; and recently, this behavior has diverged into two forms: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Bullying has typically occurred within the context of school; however, with the aid of electronic devices and the Internet, youth are now able to bully beyond the schoolyard. Cyberbullying is a transmutation of traditional bullying earmarked by anonymity, a lack of guardianship, and physical distance. Using data from the 2009-2010 Health Behaviors of School-aged Children survey, this study examines the relationship between traditional bullying perpetration and cyberbullying perpetration. Logistic regression analyses suggest a relationship exist between the two forms of bullying and the link appears to be verbal and relational aggression. Additionally, gender has been shown to play a role in bullying perpetration with males engaging in all types of bullying behavior at a higher frequency than females.
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Gaibie, Fairuz. "Understanding child perpetration of violence : a case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10549.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-81).The present study aimed to understand the severe acts of violence committed by six boys from the Western Cape farming community. The six boys, aged between 8 and 13 years, were the primary participants. They were all children of farm workers. Individuals who were either connected to them as well as those who were informed about their community were also interviewed. Those connected to them included their mothers, teachers, a farm owner, a social worker, and a health worker. Those not directly related to the boys but informed about their community were: another farm owner, an educational psychologist, a school life skills programme manager, and researcher in the area of occupational health of farm workers.
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Johnson, Matthew David. "An application of marital horizon theory to dating violence perpetration." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2188.
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Schnurr, Melissa P. "Precursors to adolescents' dating violence perpetration and healthy romantic relationships." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3355529.
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Albertse, Lizelle. "Gang members' experiences of victimization and perpetration of rape in prison." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7518_1241763499.
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People outside of prison tend to imagine sex in prison as violent gang attacks on defenceless individuals, but in actual fact, sex in prison is more complicated than the isolated gang rapes that take place. For the purpose of this study, the researcher followed the qualitative research approach from a constructivist perspective to understand how participants portrayed or constructed their experiences of victimization and/or perceprion of rape.
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Backe, Daniel, and Johan Dankvardt. "Can Psychopathic Traits Predict Different Roles in Bullying: Perpetration or Victimization." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65445.
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Bullying and being a victim of bullying have serious consequences for adolescents. Why do adolescents bully others and why do some become victims, could it be because of their personalities or maybe even problematic personality traits. In the current study, we will investigate if psychopathy or if any of the dimensions of psychopathy separately, can predict engagement in bullying or being a victim of bullying. The data that is used in this study is taken from a community sample from 7th through 8th grade. The results in this study show that psychopathy as an entirety and the interpersonal and behavioral dimension of psychopathy do in fact predict some levels of engagement in bullying, while the affective dimension did not. Psychopathy and the different dimensions did not significantly predict becoming a victim of bullying. In conclusion, traits like impulsivity and grandiosity can to some extent predict engagement in bullying, however psychopathy nor the dimension do not predict being a victim of bullying.Att mobba andra eller att falla offer för mobbning har allvarliga konsekvenser. Hur kommer det sig att vissa tonåringar mobbar andra och att andra blir offer; kan det möjligtvis vara på grund av personlighetsdrag eller mer problematiska personlighetsdrag. I denna studie kommer vi undersöka om psykopati i sin helhet eller någon av psykopatins dimensioner separat kan förutse att man mobbar andra eller att bli mobbad. De data som har använts i denna studie är från en stor datainsamling med ett urval bestående av ungdomar i sjunde och åttonde klass. Resultaten från denna studie visar att de två dimensionerna interpersonella och beteende till viss del kunde förutse att mobba andra. Psykopati eller någon av dess dimensioner kunde dock inte signifikant predicera att man blev mobbad. Sammanfattningsvis så visar studien att psykopatiska personlighetsdrag som att vara impulsiv och grandios till viss del kan predicera att mobba andra men inte predicera att man blir ett offer för mobbning.
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Dickens, Tracy Rashard. "The effect of aggressive interpersonal relationship dynamics on women's perpetration of aggression." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07262006-210016/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Sarah Cook, committee chair; Martha Foster, Nadine Kaslow, Julia Perilla, committee members. Electronic text (96 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 31, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-83).
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Dickens, Tracy. "The Effect of Aggressive Interpersonal Relationship Dynamics on Women's Perpetration of Aggression." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/16.
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Women’s use of aggression in intimate partner relationships is consistently debated by researchers of intimate partner aggression. One tenet suggests women use aggression within intimate relationships at similar rates as men. Conversely, a second tenet acknowledges women’s use of aggression but suggests that the meaning and consequences associated with women’s aggression is not coercive or severely injurious, which are typical characteristics of men’s use of aggression. The current study evaluated incarcerated women in order to build upon an integrative approach that suggests that women’s use of aggression is related to the relationship dynamics generated from variations in coercive and conflictual behaviors. Further, the current study evaluated the moderating relation of childhood abuse history and posttraumatic stress symptoms between relationship dynamics and women’s use of aggression. Ninety-six women, who participated in a larger research project that investigated incarcerated women’s life experience, reported on the dynamics of their most recent abusive heterosexual relationship, their own use of aggression (minor and severe) and childhood abuse history and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Findings suggest that incarcerated women involved in intimate relationships characterized as highly conflictual use significantly more minor and severe aggression toward their partners than women involved in relationships with low levels of conflicts. The finding is significant regardless of the level of coercion present in the relationship. Lastly, neither childhood abuse history nor posttraumatic symptoms moderated the relation between intimate partner relationship dynamics and women’s use of aggression. Various reasons for the lack of support for the moderating effect of history on women’s use of aggression are discussed.
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Helms, Emma Linnea. "An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Approach to the Perpetration of Sexual Violence." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1225.
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Given the high prevalence of sexual violence in modern society, treatment programs for perpetrators can always be improved. This study compares acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of sexual violence perpetration. The sample of this proposed study will consist of male incarcerated perpetrators of sexual violence who have committed an offense against an adult. Participants will be randomly assigned to either ACT treatment or CBT treatment and will complete a 12-week program of their respective treatment. It is hypothesized that participants in the ACT treatment group will report lower antisocial tendencies and lower levels of experiential avoidance compared to the CBT treatment group. It is additionally hypothesized that the ACT group will exhibit less recidivism after three years of release than the CBT group. This research may hold significant implications for the treatment of sexual violence perpetration, and these implications are discussed.
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Cheyne, Nicola. "A Situational Approach to Stalking Perpetration, Victimisation and Psychological Reactions to Stalking." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365565.
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While research on stalking has steadily expanded since 1990, there is still no conceptual model that explains stalking perpetration, stalking victimisation, and psychological reactions to stalking, such as fear, invasion of personal space and invasion of privacy. The aim of the thesis was to determine whether a situational model of stalking could assist an understanding of perpetration, victimisation and actual or anticipated psychological reactions to stalking. Whereas other theoretical approaches applied to stalking focus only on the offender, the situational approach focuses on physical and social environments that provide more opportunities for crimes to occur between particular victims and offenders. Applying the situational approach to stalking potentially allows for a greater understanding of how stalking occurs and whether environmental changes can be made to reduce criminal opportunities and deter criminal actions. The important components of the physical and social environments incorporated into the situational model of stalking tested in the thesis were stalkers and victims, their interpersonal relationships, the stalking actions engaged in by stalkers, the times and locations of stalking, and a lack of capable guardianship to stop the stalking from occurring. In the model it was proposed that particular stalkers engaged in actions against victims when certain locations and times provided opportunities to stalk, such as the absence of people who might intervene. As stalking also involves the psychological reactions of the victim, the associations between these situational elements and fear, invasion of personal space and invasion of privacy were included in the situational model of stalking.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Lobb, Steven Lee. "Human Destructiveness and Authority: The Milgram Experiments and the Perpetration of Genocide." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625988.
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Tam, Michelle Jennine. "Gender-Based Harassment in Early Adolescence: Group and Individual Predictors of Perpetration." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/150.
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The current study examined gender-based harassment in early adolescence and the characteristics of individuals who perpetrate such harassment (specifically, experiences with witnessing gender-based harassment and gender identity). Students in seventh and eighth grade (n = 483; 247 girls, 236 boys) completed surveys containing measures of gender identity (perceived same and other-gender typicality, felt pressure to conform to gender norms, and gender contentedness), and questions about witnessing and perpetrating teasing, bullying, and rejection because of a peer’s gender typicality or atypicality. Results revealed that the more GBH an individual had previously witnessed in their classroom, the more likely they were to report perpetrating GBH themselves. Additionally, boys high in other-gender typicality reported perpetrating more GBH than boys low in other-gender typicality. For girls, same-gender typicality interacted with felt pressure to conform to gender norms to predict GBH perpetration. For girls low in felt pressure, same-gender typicality negatively predicted GBH perpetration. For girls high in felt pressure, same-gender typicality positively predicted GBH perpetration.
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Crosby, Kimberly Anne. "Cannabis use and perpetration of intimate partner violence : testing a spurious effects model." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56289.
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This thesis examined the plausibility of a spurious effects model of the cannabis and
intimate partner violence relationship in undergraduate students (Study 1), inpatients in a
residential addictions treatment facility (Study 2), and discharged civil psychiatric patients
(Study 3). The primary aim of the studies was to examine the cannabis-IPV association while accounting for problematic alcohol use and psychopathic personality traits. Using bootstrap procedures, the studies examined the independent association of cannabis with perpetration of physical assault and psychological aggression, accounting for problematic alcohol use and psychopathic personality. In general, across three studies, the results do not support a direct association between cannabis and perpetration of aggression against an intimate partner. Across all three studies, frequency of cannabis use was not related to perpetration of intimate partner violence. In Study 1, cannabis evinced a trend to be associated with perpetration of IPV; however this association was accounted by both problematic alcohol use and by psychopathic personality traits. In Study 2 and Study 3, cannabis demonstrated no univariate association or even a trend with perpetration of IPV, and no association when accounting for alcohol use and psychopathy, and spurious effects could not be investigated. Overall, the findings suggest potential partial support for the existence of a spurious-effects conceptualization of the relationship between cannabis and perpetration of IPV, and suggest further research is required to characterize the relationship in a variety of populations.Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences (Okanagan)
Psychology, Department of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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McPherson, Bridget Anne, and bridget mcpherson@gmail com. "Drink spiking: An investigation of its occurrence and predictors of perpetration and victimisation." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080507.141942.
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The current study assessed features associated with drink spiking, or the adding of a substance to another person's drink without the consumer's knowledge or consent. A sample of 805 Australians, aged 18-35 years, completed a survey designed to measure the occurrence and predictors of the perpetration and victimisation of drink spiking. Almost half of the sample reported at least one experience of purchasing or mixing cocktails for others (49% and 45%, respectively), while smaller proportions reported adding alcohol to punch (26%) and adding alcoholic shots to alcoholic beverages belonging to other people (16%). A number of participants also reported previous experience of adding alcoholic shots to non-alcoholic beverages (6%), adding prescription or illicit substances to alcoholic beverages (1%), adding substances to non-alcoholic beverages (1%), and adding substances to punch (1%). Purchasing or mixing cocktails for others, adding alcohol to punch, or adding alcoholic shots to alcoholic beverages were predicted by beliefs that deliberately causing intoxication in others is acceptable and that alcohol consumption by others is indicative of their sexual attraction to participants. Engagement in these behaviours was also predicted by participants' illicit substance use and participation in casual sexual activity. Adding prescription or illicit substances to other people's beverages, or adding alcoholic shots to non-alcoholic beverages, were predicted by the belief that alcohol consumption increases one's confidence and sexual responsiveness, and by participants' use of narcotics and sedatives. Perpetrators were predominantly motivated by a wish to have fun or to increase the likelihood of engaging in consensual sexual activity. With regard to victimisation of drink spiking, 26% of the sample reported at least one victimisation. The majority of incidents occurred in licensed venues, after the participant had engaged in such low supervisory behaviours as leaving their drink unattended or accepting a drink without observing its preparation. Most participants established a belief that they had been spiked after experiencing a degree of intoxication that was beyond their expected level (based on the amount of alcohol consumption), or after experiencing such physiological symptoms as vomiting, hallucinations, lack of coordination, or unconsciousness. Despite such experiences, 85% of victims did not report the incident to authorities. Victimisation in general was predicted by participants' use of stimulant and hallucinogenic substances. Female victimisation was predicted by previous episodes of victimisation of oral sexual assault. Victimisation was not affected by participants' degree of supervision of their drinks. These findings provided empirical evidence that drink spiking is committed primarily for the purposes of creating a fun, entertaining situation. However, it was also apparent that drink spiking is perpetrated in an attempt to encourage participation in consensual sexual activity; this was particularly the case in incidents involving the addition of substances, as opposed to alcohol, to beverages belonging to others. Conclusions regarding the motivations held by perpetrators of drink spiking and the post-spiking experiences of victims informed the provision of recommendations for intervention for victims and prevention programs aimed at reducing the incidence of victimisation in the future.
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Yost, Megan R. "Consensual sexual sadomasochism and sexual aggression perpetration : exploring the erotic value of power /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Schweigert, Katherine. "The Effect of Gender on Perpetration Characteristics and Empathy for Juvenile Sex Offenders." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_theses/26.
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This research examines the effect of gender on perpetration characteristics and empathy in a sample of juvenile sex offenders in Massachusetts using feminist criminological and gendered theory perspectives. Through the use of ordered logistic regression, I evaluate whether or not a perpetrator’s gender has an impact on the characteristics of the offense (such as the use of penetration, fellatio, genital touching, or masturbation) or the levels of empathy and remorse experienced by the offender. The results show that gender only has a significant effect on penetrative acts and remains non-significant for the remaining variables. I have concluded that the non-significance of gender lessens the dissimilarities between juvenile male and female offenders, suggesting that the female offenders are less influenced by gendered socialization. Future research should focus less on the differences between boys and girls and more on those variables that are significant: prior victimization, behavior problems, and problems in school.
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Gajarsky, Wendy M. "Long-term correlates of unwanted childhood sexual experiences : sexual satisfaction, victimization, and perpetration." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/544143.
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The general purpose of this study was to duplicate research conducted by Beverley Joyce Miller Pitts, Ph.D., regarding the newswriting process of practicing journalists. (Future reference regarding this study will be termed the Pitts study.) In an effort to update previous research, this study sought to: review literature published between 1981 and 1987, update research conducted since 1981, support or disprove previous findings as documented in the Pitts study, and provide further research regarding the journalist's newswriting process. The study was conducted separately from previous research; thereby adopting an objective atmosphere in which research and data were obtained. The methodology and procedure of this study were replicated from the Pitts study to ensure consistency in research methods. All analyses, discussions, summaries, conclusions, observations, and recommendations, presented in this study, are based solely on data gathered during the research and presentation phases of this study.Although the Pitts study, 1981, consisted of protocol analysis case studies of three practicing journalists, the study contained herein focuses on the case study of one isolated journalist. As with the Pitts study, this study sought to gather data which describes the overall thought process as executed by a practicing journalist. The primary research tool utilized was protocol analysis. During taped sessions, these verbal protocols required the journalist to "think out loud" while composing the news story.Three protocol case studies were comprised. The first protocol session, the journalist was provided with a fact sheet from which to write. In the second and third protocol sessions, the journalist composed news stories based upon events covered on the daily beat. All three stories were composed on a video display terminal (VDT). The three protocol transcripts, follow-up interviews, reporter's notes, and the completed stories provided the data for analysis. These may be found in the Appendix. The coding scheme used in the Pitts study, which isolated and labeled activities of the newswriting process, was utilized; thus, deciphering the thought process evoked from the journalist when composing newsworthy articles.Journalist Kristi Stone, reporter for the Muncie Star, was selected to participate in this study.Findings indicated that the selection and writing of the lead was the most time-consuming task, that the writer wrote in a patterned sequence, that the writercomposed the story in small units, that goals, planning, and evaluations were short-term in nature, and that the writer created sentences as they were being typed into the VDT. In addition, the writer demonstrated recursiveness in her writing style, and had difficulty in composing stories when the newsgathering element was omitted.A major finding was that the task of writing the lead was the initial step in the writing process and had to be completed before any other writing could take place. The selection of the lead determined the direction of the story; thus, it was the most important act the writer performed. The story was organized as it was written, not planned in advance. The writer planned and wrote one sentence at a time incorporating a series of activities aimed at completing an immediate task. Editing was an important part of the writing process as well as a tool for refining. Memory was an important tool for obtaining information during the writing process. Recall was used for the purposes of remembering information from the newsgathering process, while notes provided the specific details of the incident. The newsgathering task was an integral part of the newswriting process, serving as a catalyst for the story's composition. Difficulty in writing occurred when the newsgathering process was omitted; thus, the newsgathering and newswriting tasks worked in unison and were so closely related they could not easily be separated.The findings documented in this research paper support the previous findings by Pitts conducted in her 1981 port the previous findings by study in that:the lead was the most important taskselection and writing of the lead took place first editing was an integral part of the writing process, not a separate act of refining memory served to recall overall story ideas and informationnotes provided a tool for obtaining specific pieces of informationwriters planned and wrote one sentence at a time by orchestrating a complex set of activities directed at completion of an immediate task.l1Beverly Joyce Miller Pitts, "The Newswriting Process: A Protocl Analysis Case Study of Three Practicing Journalists," Ed.D. Dissertation, Ball State University, pp. 2-3.Department of Psychological Science
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Bill, Alexander. "The Role of Sexual Assault Perpetration History in the Labeling of Sexual Assault." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1367408120.
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Stein, Dan J., Stacey L. Williams, Pamela B. Jackson, Soraya Seedat, Landon Myer, Allen Herman, and David R. Williams. "Perpetration of Gross Human Rights Violations in South Africa: Association With Psychiatric Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8024.
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Background. A nationally representative study of psychiatric disorders in South Africa provided an opportunity to study the association between perpetration of human rights violations (HRVs) during apartheid and psychiatric disorder. Prior work has suggested an association between perpetration and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but this remains controversial. Methods. Subjects reported on their perpetration of human rights violations, purposeful injury, accidental injury and domestic violence. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition) disorders were assessed with Version 3.0 of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Socio-demographic characteristics of these groups were calculated. Odds ratios for the association between the major categories of psychiatric disorders and perpetration were assessed. Results. HRV perpetrators were more likely to be male, black and more educated, while perpetrators of domestic violence (DV) were more likely to be female, older, married, less educated and with lower income. HRV perpetration was associated with lifetime and 12-month anxiety and substance use disorders, particularly PTSD. Purposeful and DV perpetration were associated with lifetime and 12-month history of all categories of disorders, whereas accidental perpetration was associated most strongly with mood disorders. Conclusion. Socio-demographic profiles of perpetrators of HRV and DV in South Africa differ. While the causal relationship between perpetration and psychiatric disorders deserves further study, it is possible that some HRV and DV perpetrators were themselves once victims. The association between accidental perpetration and mood disorder also deserves further attention.
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Fox, Kathleen A. "In pursuit of factors that predict stalking perpetration and victimization among college students." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013486.
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Lopez, Elise Christine, and Elise Christine Lopez. "Comprehensive Sexual Assault Perpetration Prevention: An Integrated Situational and Social-Ecological Conceptual Model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625657.
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Sexual violence is one of the few public health problems that can also be classified as a crime. Thus, it follows that approaches to prevention should be based in both public health principles as well as effective methods of crime reduction. Public health prevention typically focuses on interventions at levels of the Social-Ecological Model (SEM). The SEM is comprised of concentric circles that represent the individual, relational, community, and policy/environmental levels. Public health prevention goals include developing, implementing, and testing interventions at all levels of this model. For example, public health interventions for sexual violence prevention include approaches such as women’s self-defense training (individual-level) and bystander intervention training (relational). Although some interventions show statistically significant effects in changing knowledge and attitudes about sexual violence, very few show changes in preventing perpetration behavior. Criminologists have developed a crime prevention model, Situational Crime Prevention (SCP), which consists of five broad strategies that are further divided into twenty-five specific tactics. The goals of situational prevention are to deter crime by increasing the effort to perpetrate, increasing risks, reducing rewards, reducing provocations, and removing excuses. SCP has been utilized successfully, but the focus has primarily been prevention of property crimes. Very little attention has been paid to the potential utility of SCP for interpersonal violence, particularly for sexual violence. This dissertation proposes a new conceptual model for comprehensive sexual violence perpetration prevention that synthesizes the situational crime prevention matrix and the social-ecological model.
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Horst, Kyle Curtis. "Trait mindfulness as a predictive factor for intimate partner violence perpetration among young adults." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15910.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
Sandra Stith
Recent literature has highlighted the importance of considering personal and relationship factors in predicting IPV perpetration. The present study sought to investigate whether trait mindfulness is associated with IPV, as well as the mechanisms by which mindfulness might predict IPV. Utilizing longitudinal data collected from 247 undergraduate students, the study tested a hurdle model of IPV occurrence and frequency at Time 3 being predicted by trait mindfulness at Time 1 and other known risk factors at Time 2. Results indicated that trait mindfulness at time 1 was associated with IPV perpetration at Time 3; however, when controlling for other known risk factors at time 1, the association between mindfulness at Time 1 and IPV at Time 3 was no longer significant. Finally, results from the mediational analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of trait mindfulness on IPV through relationship satisfaction and conflict resolution while all variables were measured at the same time point, but no indirect effect of trait mindfulness at time 1 on IPV at time 3.These results indicate that although mindfulness might not be a significant direct predictor of IPV when other known risk factors are controlled for, it is important since mindfulness indirectly predicts IPV through other relationship processes when measured at the same time point. Suggestions for future research and clinical intervention are offered.
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Baker, Colleen R. "A Study of Factors Predicting Dating Violence Perpetration Among Male and Female College Students." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31102.
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Research has found that dating violence is a predictor of marital violence; however, research has been unclear about what predicts dating violence. Past research has been inconclusive. Furthermore, very few studies focus on gender differences in risk factors. This study examines a variety of risk factors for male and female perpetrators of dating violence in college dating relationships. Eight risk factors were used in this study: witnessing parental violence, experiencing childhood violence, problems with alcohol, length of relationship, relationship satisfaction, anger management skills, partner’s use of physical aggression, and partner’s use of psychological aggression. Correlations and multiple regressions were run for each gender. The study found that for males, partner’s use of physical aggression, low anger management skills and high relationship satisfaction were the strongest variables associated with male’ s use of physical aggression against a dating partner. For the females, partner’s use of physical aggression, followed by partner’s use of psychological aggression were the most significant variables. The model in this study was a good predictor of male violence, accounting for 81% of the variance, however, it only accounted for 51% of female violence which indicates that other unknown factors are influential in female’s use of physical violence.Master of Science
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Petersen, Cindy. "Youth violence perpetration : a systematic review of community-level protective factors and community resilience." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4688.
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Magister Psychologiae - MPsychThis study aimed to (1) establish the conceptualization of youth violence perpetration within the literature; (2) explore identified community-level protective factors, (3) establish whether the interaction between community-level risk and protective factors are discussed, and (4) establish whether community-level protective factors are conceptualised within community resilience framework within the literature on youth violence. The research design of this study is a systematic review of literature focused on youth violence perpetration, community-level protective factors against perpetration of violence by youth, as well as community resilience. English-medium research literature published between Jan 1994 and Jan 2014 was reviewed. Databases that were searched are: Academic Search Premier, PsycArticles, MEDLINE, JSTOR, SocIndex, and SageOnline. Data extraction was done by two reviewers at three stages of review (abstract reading, title reading, and full-text reading), using three instruments for quality assessment across the three stages. Fifteen articles were deemed acceptable after review at the end of the three stages, achieving a threshold score of 50% or more, and these articles were used in the findings of this review. These primary studies were collated, systematically assessed, synthesised, and interpreted. Findings of this review indicate that youth violence perpetration is conceptualised within the research as various forms of violence committed by young people. The literature has suggested that youth violence perpetration may be as a result of a lack of social infrastructure and opportunities within impoverished communities. For this reason the provision of community resources, economic opportunity, educational and mentoring programmes, and subsequently the development of prosocial involvement/ interaction was suggested as strategies for intervention at a community level. Major findings of the study as well as the implications for practice and further research are discussed.
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Ibrahim, Nada. "Intimate Partner Violence in the Australian-Muslim Community: Exploring Attitudes/Beliefs, Perpetration, and Victimisation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365331.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant social problem that is found in all societies and cultures, including Muslims in Australia. However, Muslims in Australia are currently under-researched on IPV related issues. Some ways of addressing this issue is by examining Australian-Muslims’ understandings of IPV, documenting prevalence rates, and applying theories that explain IPV. This thesis explores how Australian-Muslims understand the complexity of IPV, and the challenges they encounter in identifying and classifying IPV. It is the first study to explore the attitudes/beliefs of Australian-Muslims towards IPV and examine significant risk factors. It is the first study to document prevalence rates for the perpetration and victimisation of four types of IPV. It is also the first study to explore the significant risk factors of three different forms of IPV-perpetration among Australian-Muslims. The study applies a range of criminological theories to the issue of IPV among Australian-Muslims. The study employs a multi-method approach using focus groups with community-leaders, and a cross-sectional survey with a stratified random sample of respondents drawn from South-East-Queensland.
Findings from the qualitative phase of the study illustrates that there are a number of challenges encountered by Australian-Muslims in identifying IPV. Challenges include the difficulty in identifying the parameters of IPV, the restriction of IPV to physical-violence while not recognising verbal-abuse and psychological-abuse as IPV by some cultures, and the taboo of discussing marital sexual-abuse. Results also reveal some unique characteristics of IPV relevant to Australian-Muslims such as the misuse of religion to perpetuate IPV, the dominating influence of culture on IPV-beliefs and IPV-behaviours, and men’s financial responsibility vs. women’s work choices among others. Results also illustrate the diversity in definitions within the Muslim community despite their shared faith and worldviews.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance
Arts, Education and Law
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Todhunter, Robbin G. "The relationship between religious and spiritual factors and the perpetration of intimate personal violence." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/687.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a multifaceted social issue that affects the Christian faith community as it does the secular community. Though the literature reflects some understanding of general correlates and possible antecedents to IPV within the Christian community, the impact of religious and spiritual factors tends to be homogenized and is often misjudged. Allport's theory of intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation provided a platform for investigating Christian male-perpetrated IPV. This quantitative study utilized survey design and measured the impact of 10 select religious and spiritual factors on the probability of physical or sexual IPV perpetration. Archival data from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used and included male participants ages 18 to 26 who nominally classified themselves as Catholic, Protestant, or Christian. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression and results indicated that IPV perpetration could not be predicted from the 10 religious or spiritual factors. Given the geographic breadth and the size of the sample utilized, not finding a predictive model suggests there may be a lack of consistency in religious and spiritual orientation in these young males and elucidated analysis problems resulting from multicollinearity and the use of ordinal data. Though a predictive model for Christian male-perpetrated IPV was not found, the results of this study can contribute to social change by challenging existing ecclesiastical paradigms regarding which religious or spiritual factors, if any, impact Christian male-perpetrated IPV and which religious and spiritual factors should be addressed in faith-based batterers' programs targeting young adult males.
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Lobo, Tracy. "Evaluation of a Sexual Assault Prevention Program for College Men: Effects on Self-Reported Sexually Aggressive Behavior, Social Perceptions, and Attitudes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1108144169.
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Spencer, Chelsea. "A meta-analysis of risk factors for intimate partner homicide: Examining male perpetration and female victimization." Diss., Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38765.
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Doctor of PhilosophySchool of Family Studies and Human Services
Sandra M. Stith
Intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a serious problem throughout the world. Research has identified a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) as a risk factor for IPH (Campbell et al., 2007). However, we know that not all individuals who perpetrate IPV end up perpetrating IPH, and not all victims of IPV end up becoming victims of IPH. There is a need to identify additional risk factors for IPH in order to potentially help identify individuals who may be at a greater risk for IPH perpetration or victimization. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis on risk factors for male IPH perpetration and female IPH victimization. This meta-analysis examined results from 17 studies, which included 148 effect sizes to be used in the analysis. The overall sample size included in the study was 10,143. This study compared IPV samples and IPH samples as a means to aid in identifying risk factors that may place individuals who are victims or perpetrators of IPV at a greater risk for IPH perpetration or victimization. Results of our analyses indicated that the strongest risk factors for male IPH perpetration were the perpetrator having direct access to a gun, perpetrator’s’ previous threats with a weapon, perpetrator’s previous non-fatal strangulation, perpetrator’s previous rape of the victim, perpetrator’s demonstration of controlling behaviors, perpetrator’s previous threats to harm the victim, and the perpetrator’s previous stalking of the victim. We found that the strongest risk factors for female IPH victimization were the victim being abused by the perpetrator while pregnant, the victim’s substance abuse, the victim having less than a high school education, being separated from the perpetrator, and having children from a previous relationship (not with the perpetrator). Implications for law enforcement personnel, victim advocates, mental health professionals, as well as other professionals who may be in contact with potential IPH perpetrators and victims are discussed.
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Wigman, Stefanie Jayne Ashton. "An investigation of the behavioural, dispositional, and personality associations with former-intimate harassment perpetration and victimisation." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2009. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19725/.
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Research on former-intimate harassment has focused on associated perpetrator behaviour, particularly physical aggression ( e.g., Coleman, 1997), and on the impact of harassment on victims ( e.g., Sheridan, 2001 ). The current research aimed to contribute to a wider understanding of former-intimate harassment by simultaneously investigating behavioural, dispositional and personality variables, and their roles in harassment perpetration and victimisation, using questionnaire based studies. Study 1 (N = 160 undergraduates; 73 males) assessed whether three levels of harassment (non-, minor or severe) were associated with physical aggression, control, and personality traits. Personality characteristics of, and relationship behaviours engaged in by victims of former-intimate harassment were also investigated. The harassment groups significantly differed on: perpetration of control, physical aggression, and harassment victimisation, and on neuroticism. Discriminant Function Analysis (OF A) correctly identified 66% of cases (n = 83). There were no sex differences in harassment victimisation rates. The majority of victims also reported perpetrating harassment, indicating harassment mutuality. Harassment victimisation was associated with physical aggression and control victimisation, as were victims' use of these behaviours during the intimate relationship, and victims' psychoticism scores. Study 2 aimed to classify the three harasser groups based on undergraduates' responses to measures of jealousy, dependency, attachment, perpetration and victimisation of relationship aggression, and harassment victimisation (N = 177; 50 males). Groups significantly differed on: preoccupied attachment, jealousy, emotional reliance, verbal aggression and harassment victimisation, and physical aggression perpetration. DFA correctly classified 61 % of cases (n = 107). The findings demonstrated the prevalence and mutuality of harassment, and develop understanding of behavioural and dispositional variables that theoretically distinguish harassers. Study 3 investigated a sample of offenders incarcerated for crimes other than harassment, to contribute to understanding of the disparity between the large number of victims' reports of harassment and the relatively few cases proceeding to court. Male prisoners (N = 95) completed the measures from Study 2, and a measure of personality disorder (PD) tendencies. Harassment was common, and groups differed significantly on: harassment victimisation, relationship aggression perpetration and victimisation, fearful attachment, antisocial, schizotypal, and borderline PDs. DF A correctly classified 63% of cases (n = 48). Study 4 utilised crime survey data to examine stalking vi timisation in a large scale population. Victims of stranger stalkers were more likely to be men, and were significantly older than victims of intimate stalkers, who were more likely to be women. Men and women were equally likely to be stalking victims, although men experienced significantly more stalking acts than women did. Generally, there were no sex differences in disclosure of victimisation to a number of sources. Many victims reported that police and government agencies were not responsive enough regarding 'domestic violence'. Five broad conclusions can be drawn from the research findings, relating to: {l) the prevalence of harassment; (2) mutuality of harassment; (3) behavioural associations with harassment; ( 4) traits and dispositions of harassers and victims; and (5) disclosure of, and responses to, victimisation. Implications, limitations, and future research considerations are discussed.
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Dardis, Christina M. "An Integrative Theory Analysis of Real-Life and Cyber Unwanted Pursuit Perpetration Following Relationship Break-Up." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1400764792.
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Jones, Roland Morgan. "Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis as factors in the perpetration of violence across adolescence and early adulthood." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/90196/.
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I investigated the longitudinal relationship between alcohol use, cannabis use and cigarette smoking and serious violence using data from a prospective longitudinal, nationally representative cohort of 17,519 individuals interviewed on 4 occasions. Participants were between 12 and 17 years of age at wave I and were between 23 and 32 year of age at wave IV. There was a linear relationship between the number of drinks consumed but not frequency of drinking alcohol and violence. The number of individuals needed to abstain from drinking alcohol to prevent one from becoming violent was estimated. Smokers were also twice as likely to report subsequent violence within the next year, however there was no relationship between cannabis use and incident violence within the next year. Analysis of the entire cohort (whether or not they reported violence at baseline) incorporated individual change in substance use over time to investigate the longitudinal relationship between substance use and violence. Moderate drinkers were approximately 1.4 times more likely to be violent than non-drinkers. Cigarette smoking and cannabis use was also associated with similar increases, but heavier drinkers were more than twice as likely to report serious violence. When the trajectories of violence were investigated, predictive marginal effects showed that drinking 1-4 drinks on each occasion was associated with an increased risk of violence during adolescence, but as the individuals got older the risk of violence tended to converge with that of non-drinkers by age 20. Heavier drinking however, was associated with a greater risk of violence well into adulthood, although the trajectories tended to converge by age 30. The relationship between personality traits, alcohol and violence was then investigated using structural equation modelling. Alcohol was found to mediate the association between violence and specific personality characteristics, especially anger/hostility and extroversion.
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Frazier, Monique R. "Is There a Connection? An Exploratory Study of Abuse Experiences and Perpetration Patterns Among College Males." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6091.
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The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported experiences of primary, secondary, and perpetrated abuse of an emotional, physical, and sexual nature among a male, nonclinical, noncriminal sample. One hundred forty-two subjects completed the Youth Experiences and Behaviors Questionnaire (YEBQ) (developed by the author) and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Results indicated that overall, the YEBQ demonstrated moderate to high levels of internal consistency reliability and moderate levels of concurrent and divergent validity. Various descriptive statistics, scale, and subscale correlations for the YEBQ were provided.
Results indicated that secondary abuse information was most predictive of later abuse perpetration with the exception of sexual abuse. Primary and secondary abuse information was found to be most predictive of abuse perpetration types of the same nature (e.g., emotional abuse history/witness scores best predicted emotional abuse perpetration scores and family abuse history/witness scores best predicted abuse perpetration toward family members scores) except in the cases of sexual abuse and stranger abuse. Theoretical interpretations and implications for these results are provided.
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Casey, Rachel C. "Mental Health Difficulties and Service Use of Incarcerated Women: The Influence of Violence Perpetration and Victimization." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5285.
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The present study aimed to expand the knowledge base regarding incarcerated women’s experiences with violence and their mental health with the goal of identifying avenues for more tailored, compassionate responses to their mental health difficulties in both macro and direct practice contexts. To achieve this aim, a secondary data analysis was performed using data from the Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities (SISCF) completed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) in 2004. Six research questions pertaining to women’s experiences with violence and their mental health difficulties and service utilization guided the inquiry, which involved univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses, including latent class analysis, performed to identify patterns in mental health difficulties among incarcerated women, and multiple logistic regression procedures. The latent class analysis resulted in selection of a 4-class solution which grouped women in the sample into four subgroups according to the latent variable of mental health difficulties. The four subgroups included the serious mental illness group (8.7%), the mood and drug use disorders group (30.3%), the substance use only group (11.7%), and the resilient group (49.4%). Women were less likely to be in the resilient mental health group and more likely to engage with a range of mental health services if they had perpetrated violence or experienced various forms of victimization, including sexual victimization in either childhood or adulthood, or physical victimization in either childhood or adulthood. Social workers should develop and implement clinical mental health treatment in correctional centers tailored to the mental health needs of subgroups identified through latent class analysis, including treatment for co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. Clinical mental health treatment should also target those needs related to trauma stemming from victimization and perpetration of violence. Additionally, social workers should advocate for policies and programs to prevent and remediate drug-related crime and divert women with serious mental illness away from the criminal justice system.
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Wilczak, Andrew. "The Consequences of Violence: Perpetration, Victimization, and their Joint Influence on Well-Being throughout the Life Course." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308937971.
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McDade, Rhyanne. "Impact of Prosocial Behavioral Involvement on School Violence Perpetration and School Violence Victimization among African American Youth." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1460731310.
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Matheny, Jennifer Lynn. "Consequences of childhood abuse on violence perpetration among Hispanic adolescents a partial test of general strain theory /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014060.
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Alvinzi, André. "The subjective meaning of sexual harassment and sexual assault perpetration: from the perspectives of self-identified perpetrators." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67589.
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This thesis explores male sexual assault and sexual harassment perpetration. The theoretical orientations were constituted of a theoretical synthesis of primarily Max Weber's theory of action, motivation and subjective meaning, and theoretical aspects of sensemaking. Four research questions were divided into two qualitative studies. Study 1 conducted a systematic review of a diverse field of the research literature on sexual harassment and sexual assault perpetration. The two objectives of study 1 were to explore what kinds of factors are associated with sexual harassment and sexual assault perpetration and what kinds of meanings the research literature attributes to perpetrators actions. The first objective of study 2 was constituted of a qualitative investigation of what kinds of subjective meanings selfidentified perpetrators attribute to their actions. Analysis relied on a hermeneutical interpretation of meaning. Empirical materials were obtained via asynchronous online inquiries and collection of confessional online posts authored by self-identified perpetrators. The second objective of study 2 was to explore in what ways factors associated with male sexual harassment and/or sexual assault perpetration against women affect the subjective meanings perpetrators' attribute to their actions. Findings from study 1 (research review) suggest that sexual misconduct is associated with factors stemming from individual (e.g. psychological characteristics), social (e.g. norms, attitudes and beliefs of how to act as a man), situational (e.g. alcohol intoxication's distortion of meaning and detrimental effect on judgement), communicative (e.g. misperception and misinterpretation of cues from women) and power-related (e.g. sexually harassing or assaulting as a means to obtain or to exert power) factors. Findings further suggest that the research literature attributes obtainment of sexual/physical gratification, exertion of power, will to power and obtainment of a perceived sense of control as primary meanings of perpetrators sexually coercive or harassing actions. Primary findings of study 2 highlight the complex nature of power and its central relation to sexual misconduct, where perpetrators attribute will to power, obtainment of sexual gratification, obtaining enjoyment from exerting power, and ideological subordination as the subjective meaning of their actions. Suggested further is that selfidentified perpetrators attribution of subjective meanings to their actions is characterized by a sensemaking practice of moral disengagement, where distortion of the meaning of sexually oriented actions through euphemistic labeling and perceiving sexually coercive behaviors as a form of game or play are central aspects. Lastly, analysis of the empirical materials in this study suggests that the subjective meanings these men attribute to their actions are associated with individual, socioculturally embedded, situational, communicative and power-related factors.
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Jain, Neha. "Theorising the doctrine of Joint Criminal Enterprise in international criminal law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0842f8d6-1d0f-47ef-aea3-7e1b204e3d3b.
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This thesis develops a theoretical account of the basis and justification for the doctrine of Joint Criminal Enterptise in international criminal law by examining principles governing the ascription of criminal responsibility in English and German criminal law. The first part consists of a comprehensive review of the development of the JCE doctrine, including its historical antecedents, its initial formulation by the ICTY, its subsequent explication by tribunals and academics, and recent alternatives doctrines proposed by the ICC and by commentators. It identifies the main loopholes and contradictions in the construction of these theories, and presents factual scenarios for which these theories, particularly JCE, either have no answers, or problematic ones. The second part examines whether any of the variants of JCE can be justified as principal responsibility. It first identifies elements that distinguish international crimes from their domestic counterparts, and which are pertinent in developing an account of criminal responsibility for international crimes. It also examines the concept of perpetration responsibility in English and German criminal law and theory. It then combines the insights gleaned from these analyses to conclude that only JCE I can be appropriately considered as perpetrator responsibility and proposes a modified version of the doctrine of Organisationsherrschaft in German criminal law as a more accurate characterisation of the role and function of high level participants in mass atrocity. The final part focuses on the concept of accomplice responsibility in German and English criminal law and doctrine to address whether JCE II and JCE III can be justified as modes of secondary criminal responsibility. It concludes that JCE II and JCE III can be retained as distinct modes of accomplice liability using expressive and risk justifications, provided their operation is limited in ways that correspond to principles of secondary responsibility in domestic jurisdictions.
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Anthony, Elizabeth Ruth. "Normative Violence? The Impact of Gender-neutral Language on Self-reported Rates of Sexual Violence Victimization and Perpetration." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/52.
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The effect of gender-neutral language in a survey designed to measure unwanted sexual experiences was examined. Methodological issues pertaining to survey design and significant variability in prevalence estimates of sexual violence demonstrate that further refinement of self-report instruments is necessary. As a variety of macrolevel forces influence individual behavior, the current study contends that coercive tactics used to obtain sex in mixed-gender interactions are normalized by the traditional heterosex script and conveyed through gender-specific language. Reference to respondents’ sexual partners in gender-neutral, as opposed to gender-specific terms, was hypothesized to result in more disclosure of sexually coercive victimization and perpetration experiences. Logistic regression analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in disclosure between language conditions. Null findings are interpreted with reference to the broader gender-neutral language literature and implications for future research are suggested.
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Mongan, Philip. "RAMPAGE SCHOOL SHOOTINGS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MEDIA AND SCHOLARLY ACCOUNTS OF PERPETRATION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PHENOMENON." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/5.
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When school shootings occur in primary or secondary schools they draw a massive amount of media attention. Frequently, after the shooting stops, the media begins to prognosticate about the factors that led to the occurrence of the tragedy. However, there is a dearth of research examining those factors that are perpetuated by the media, as well as the factors that are most discussed in scholarly publications. Therefore, the aim of this research project was to explore the perpetration factors that have been perpetuated by the media, and compare those to the perpetration factors that are most frequently discussed by researchers.
The study posed three research questions, which explored the factors that were most discussed, the differences between print news sources and journal articles in regard to the factors they discussed, and the possible changes of factors through time. The exploration of these research questions was based in social constructionist thought, as the theory provided a framework for exploring how the findings may impact subsequent prevention of the phenomenon.
The study found that there were numerous factors discussed by the media and researchers, which broke down into school factors, cultural factors, individual factors, biological facts, and family factors. Through triangulation of available data the study also found that there were differences between the perpetration factors as they are discussed by the print news and scholars, as well as differences in discussion of factors through time. These differences indicate that prevention efforts may be hindered due to a faulty understanding of rampage school shootings, which is being perpetuated by the media. The findings also indicate several areas for future research to focus on, such as: exploration of other media formats, examining the constructs proposed by the research project, and exploring the methods that individuals involved with prevention determine the threat level of individuals who are viewed as posing a risk.
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Nabors, Erin. "RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: THE PREDICTIVE POWER OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICSAND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BELI." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4314.
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This study examines relationship violence among college students, focusing on the predictive roles of their sociodemographic characteristics and domestic violence beliefs. College students experience an extremely high level of abuse among intimate partners, with prevalence rates ranging between 20 and 50%. Since relationship violence among college students is such a widespread problem, it is important to understand what lies at the foundation of this type of abuse. Findings from previous studies demonstrate correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and perpetration of relationship violence as well as correlations between beliefs supportive of abuse among intimate partners and perpetration of relationship violence. However, research to date fails to fully explore the potential interactions between these variables. In an attempt to fill this void, the current study uses data from the Relationship Characteristics Study conducted in 2001, which includes a sample of 1,938 college students, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of relationship violence among college students. This study examines the associations between students' (1) sociodemographic characteristics, including race and ethnicity, university year, parents' education, family income, parents' marital status, and students' relationship status as well as additional risk factors, consisting of alcohol consumption, drug use, and witnessing interparental violence, (2) domestic violence beliefs, including empirically-based and myth-based domestic violence causation endorsements as well as physical and sexual abuse, stalking, and verbal abuse definitions, and (3) relationship violence perpetration, including negotiation, psychological aggression, physical assault, sexual coercion, and injury. Separate analyses are conducted for male and female college students. Based on previous research and theoretical foundations, it was expected that both college students' sociodemographic characteristics and their domestic violence beliefs would be predictive of relationship violence perpetration. It was further hypothesized that students' sociodemographic characteristics would impact their domestic violence beliefs. Findings generally support these expectations. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.M.A.
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
Arts and Sciences
Applied Sociology
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Ali, Bina. "Attitudes Supporting Violence and Involvement in Peer Violence Perpetration and Victimization among Youths in a High-Risk Urban Community." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/129.
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Peer violence perpetration and victimization are the most common types of violence among youths (Swahn et al., 2008). This study determined the associations between peer violence attitudes and involvement in peer violence perpetration and peer violence victimization among boys and girls in high-risk urban community. Analyses were based on data from the 2004 Youth Violence Survey, administered to over 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N = 4131) in a high-risk urban community. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between attitudes and involvement in violent behaviors after controlling for demographic characteristics and potential confounders (e.g., child maltreatment, substance use, weapon carrying, and efficacy to avoid violence). Results show that among all youths, attitudes supporting boys hitting boys significantly increased the odds of peer violence perpetration (AOR: 1.48; 95% CI = 1.13, 1.95). However, stratified analyses for boys and girls show that attitudes supporting boys hitting boys increased the odds of peer violence perpetration for girls only (AOR: 1.57; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.37). The findings demonstrate associations between attitudes and actual involvement in violent behaviors, but they need to be further explored. Additional research is needed to determine how attitude modifications can be incorporated into youth violence prevention programs.
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Khan, Roxanne. "An exploration of severe inter-sibling violence perpetration in young offenders and antisocial youths : implications for valid risk assessments." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417879.
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Kjerte, Emil. "A Comparative Study of the My Lai and Bialystok Massacres : The Social Mechanisms of Perpetration and their Causal Determinants." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Hugo Valentin-centrum, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255898.
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This thesis offers a comparative study of the My Lai massacre perpetrated by American soldiers during the Vietnam in War and the massacre in Bialystok carried out by a police unit operating under the Nazi regime. Using theories from social psychology in combination witha careful scrutiny of sources from criminal investigations, it seeks to elucidate the social mechanisms of perpetration in the two cases and explores how their divergent macro-level contexts facilitated distinctions in the perpetrator’s behavioural patterns and motivations. The study demonstrates that despite commonalities at the micro level, the massacres were organized in distinctive ways, featured divergent perpetrator behavioural patterns andencompassed disparities in the number of abstainers due to different macro-level contexts. The thesis provides explanations for these case variations, and it argues that new insight into the phenomenon of perpetration can be gained by adopting a comparative perspective.
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Hall, Kelcey L., Jill D. Stinson, Megan A. Quinn, Allison Willner, and Victoria Forgea. "College Students’ Experiences of Childhood Adversity and Adult Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Perpetration: Prevalence and Implications for Intervention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7950.
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Early adverse experiences in childhood (e.g., abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) have been linked to negative long-term effects on physical and mental health. Kaiser Permanente and the CDC surveyed adults in the community in the mid-1990s and found a strong and cumulative relationship between the degree of exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and risk factors for negative outcomes in adulthood including higher risk for substance abuse and intimate partner violence. Also, criminal populations, particularly sexual offenders, report much higher rates of adversities than the general public. College students have a disproportionately high risk of intimate partner violence, rape, and other forms of sexual assault, and there is limited research on the characteristics of perpetrators and victims of sexual and intimate partner violence on campus, which could inform prevention efforts and our understanding of repeated victimization and the effects of cumulative experiences of victimization. Our sample consists of university students (N = 995; 69.2% female; M = 20 years old) who are predominantly Caucasian (84%) in the Southeastern US. An ACE total score between 0 and 10 was calculated for each participant by summing the number of Yes responses indicating experiences of childhood adversities. Regarding the prevalence of childhood adversities, 71% of the sample experienced at least one, and approximately 19% fell within the “high-risk” range of 4 or more ACEs, which is higher than the 13% of adults from the community who reported 4 or more ACEs in the original study conducted by the CDC. Thus, it appears that childhood adversities are widespread among college students in this sample. Regarding outcomes since turning 18 years of age, 2% of the sample admitted to engaging in coercive sexual behavior, 1% admitted to having sexual contact with someone who was not fully consenting, 1% had been arrested for a sexual offense, and 0.1% reported being a registered sexual offender. These behaviors were collectively considered sexual misconduct for the purpose of analyses. A logistic regression analysis yielded a significant model ( 2 = 29.51, R 2 = 0.11, p = 0.000) and indicates ACE Total Score (β = 0.34, 2 = 26.73, p = .00) and gender (β = - .85, 2 = 5.80, p = .02) predict sexual misconduct in adulthood. A second logistic regression analysis significantly predicted physical violence towards a partner as an adult ( 2 = 55.52, R 2 = 0.13, p = 0.000) Page 122 2016 Appalachian Student Research Forum with significant effects from ACE total score (β = 0.32, 2 = 42.41, p = .000) and gender (β = 1.16, 2 = 11.62, p = .001). Our findings thus far support further investigation of how adverse experiences relate to violent or sexual perpetration among college students. Additional analyses will include the relationships between these outcomes involving perpetration in adulthood and different types of early experiences of adversity, length of victimization and substance abuse.
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Starosta, Lindsay. "The general theory of crime applied to bullying perpetration : does school climate moderate the relationship between self-control and bullying?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59517.
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In order to understand bullying behaviour, one must consider student characteristics, the social context of the behaviour, and the interactions among them. To this end, this study examined the applicability of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime to bullying perpetration, which posits that crime and other deviant behaviours are a manifestation of two converging factors: low self-control and opportunity. This study explored whether school climate served as an “opportunity” for bullying behaviour. An ethnically diverse sample of 979 students in grades 4-7 reported on the frequency with which they engaged in bullying, their perceptions of school climate, and their levels of self-control. Results revealed that low self-control and various school climate factors each predicted bullying perpetration, although the interaction between the variables was not significant. That is, students with low self-control were more likely to engage in bullying behaviours, as were individuals with poorer perceptions of school climate. These results highlight the necessity for bullying interventions to consider both individual characteristics and social contexts. Specifically, schools would benefit from implementing programs that address social emotional learning with a particular focus on fostering self-control and positive school climates.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Andersen, Catherine V. S. "Daily Study of Drinking and Dating Violence Perpetration: The Moderating Role of Trait Mindfulness and Anger Management in College Couples." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1588696150985476.
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Wiggins, Chauntel Marie. "The Relationship Of Romantic Attachment To Intimate Partner Violence Victimization And Perpetration: An Examination Of Individual Mediation And Moderation Variables." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1042.
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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is common among college students and university counseling centers require strategies for addressing this health problem (Amar & Gennaro, 2005; Gover, Kaukinin, & Fox, 2004; Murray & Kardatzke, 2007). Attachment theory may provide strong theoretical and empirical grounding for guiding IPV prevention and intervention efforts (Magdol et al., 1998; Schwartz et al., 2006; Scott, Wolfe, & Wekerle, 2003). The present study evaluated a variety of social and emotional risk factors as potential mediators and moderators of the relation between attachment relevant variables and IPV victimization and perpetration in a college sample. None of the primary hypotheses were fully supported; however, women who reported IPV histories exhibited higher levels of anxious romantic attachment than women without IPV histories. Further, partner delinquency moderated the relation between problems with anger modulation and IPV. Sex differences were examined for study variables and women were more likely than men to experience both IPV victimization and perpetration. These results are compared to prior empirical findings and implications for potential prevention and intervention strategies with college students are identified. Methodological considerations that may influence the interpretation of study data are also presented and discussed.
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Reese, Laura Marie Schwab. "The role of static, distal, and proximal antecedents in intimate partner violence: an application of the catalyst model of aggression and the IPV contextual framework." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5829.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as psychological, physical, or sexual abuse within a current or former romantic relationship, has significant consequences for the health and well-being of men and women. Although there has been substantial research on IPV, much of the research has focused on risk and protective factors, and intervention activities for victims. A small body of research on perpetrators suggests the etiology of IPV perpetration is complex and multifactorial, but the dearth of research on perpetrators has resulted in a limited number of effective interventions for perpetrators of IPV. This dissertation contributes to the limited understanding of factors, especially modifiable risk and protective factors, associated with IPV perpetration, as informed by the Catalyst Model of Aggression and the IPV Contextual Framework. Improved understanding of modifiable risk and protective factors for IPV perpetration may inform the development of more effective intervention and prevention efforts.
Using the nationally-representative sample collected in The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the dissertation examined factors associated with IPV perpetration, including static antecedents (factors that remain stable over time), distal antecedents (factors that occur prior to the time of perpetration) and proximal antecedents (factors that occur near the time of perpetration), and the interaction of static antecedents with distal and proximal antecedents. For this dissertation, static antecedents were operationalized as personality traits and three dopamine genes. Distal antecedents were operationalized as adolescent exposure to violence and school social environment. Proximal antecedents were defined as financial stressors and job satisfaction. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine these relationships. All analyses were weighted and clustered to allow for population-level estimates and were stratified by gender and race.
My results suggest that personality, but not the three dopamine genes, was associated with IPV perpetration. There was some indication the genetic factors interact with environmental characteristics during adolescence and adulthood to increase the odds of perpetrating IPV during adulthood, in at least some circumstances and among some subpopulations. For example, there was a significant interaction between school social environment and genes among white men, white women, and non-white women. However, these relationships were not constant across strata and type of antecedent.
Overall, the practical implications of this dissertation are unclear. As the field of violence prevention continues to develop, additional research on the genetic contribution to IPV perpetration will contribute to our understanding of these findings and provide additional context on the biological mechanisms underlying these relationships. Additional context may also contribute to the understanding of how to best develop intervention and prevention activities for individuals with the highest level of risk for IPV perpetration. Ultimately, it may be possible to tailor pharmacological or behavioral interventions based on the individual static, distal, and proximal antecedents associated with perpetration.
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Malone, Redhonda Vanessa. "Country Girls Fight, Too: The Relationship Between Social Support and Rural Female Youth Violence." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6058.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to explore the relationship between social support and youth violence by testing the relationships between violence victimization, violence exposure, violence perpetration, delinquency, and the moderating variable of social support for rural female adolescents in the United States. This research, guided by the social disorganization theory, involved analyses of data from Wave 3 of the National Survey for Children's Exposure to Violence. The logistic regression analyses (n = 278; female; rural area; mean age 13.5) showed no moderating effect of social support on youth violence perpetration. However, there was a positive association between delinquency and violence perpetration, and a relationship between violence victimization in the forms of child maltreatment, exposure to peer victimization, exposure to sibling victimization, exposure to family violence, witnessing violence, and indirect victimization and violence perpetration. The research contributes to positive social change by providing more evidence about the gender-specific needs of rural adolescent females. This evidence may be used in the development of sustainable violence prevention programs and other services designed to prevent child maltreatment and other forms of violence exposure and victimizations, and subsequent violence perpetration.