Journal articles: 'Perovskite systems'

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Li, Chonghea, Xionggang Lu, Weizhong Ding, Liming Feng, Yonghui Gao, and Ziming Guo. "Formability of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 6 (November 14, 2008): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108032734.

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In this study a total of 186 complex halide systems were collected; the formabilities of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br and I) halide perovskites were investigated using the empirical structure map, which was constructed by Goldschmidt's tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. A model for halide perovskite formability was built up. In this model obtained, for all 186 complex halides systems, only one system (CsF–MnF2) without perovskite structure and six systems (RbF–PbF2, CsF–BeF2, KCl–FeCl2, TlI–MnI2, RbI–SnI2, TlI–PbI2) with perovskite structure were wrongly classified, so its predicting accuracy reaches 96%. It is also indicated that both the tolerance factor and the octahedral factor are a necessary but not sufficient condition for ABX 3 halide perovskite formability, and a lowest limit of the octahedral factor exists for halide perovskite formation. This result is consistent with our previous report for ABO3 oxide perovskite, and may be helpful to design novel halide materials with the perovskite structure.

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Jeon, Il, Kyusun Kim, Efat Jokar, Minjoon Park, Hyung-Woo Lee, and Eric Wei-Guang Diau. "Environmentally Compatible Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells and Their Potential as Light Harvesters in Energy Storage Systems." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 2066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082066.

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Next-generation renewable energy sources and perovskite solar cells have revolutionised photovoltaics research and the photovoltaic industry. However, the presence of toxic lead in perovskite solar cells hampers their commercialisation. Lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells are a potential alternative solution to this problem; however, numerous technological issues must be addressed before the efficiency and stability of tin-based perovskite solar cells can match those of lead-based perovskite solar cells. This report summarizes the development of lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells from their conception to the most recent improvements. Further, the methods by which the issue of the oxidation of tin perovskites has been resolved, thereby enhancing the device performance and stability, are discussed in chronological order. In addition, the potential of lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells in energy storage systems, that is, when they are integrated with batteries, is examined. Finally, we propose a research direction for tin-based perovskite solar cells in the context of battery applications.

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Zou, Shuangyang, Xiaoan Zhao, Wenze Ouyang, and Shenghua Xu. "Microfluidic Synthesis, Doping Strategy, and Optoelectronic Applications of Nanostructured Halide Perovskite Materials." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101647.

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Halide perovskites are increasingly exploited as semiconducting materials in diverse optoelectronic applications, including light emitters, photodetectors, and solar cells. The halide perovskite can be easily processed in solution, making microfluidic synthesis possible. This review introduces perovskite nanostructures based on micron fluidic channels in chemical reactions. We also briefly discuss and summarize several advantages of microfluidics, recent progress of doping strategies, and optoelectronic applications of light-sensitive nanostructured perovskite materials. The perspective of microfluidic synthesis of halide perovskite on optoelectronic applications and possible challenges are presented.

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Stroyuk, Oleksandr. "Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (August 21, 2018): 2209–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.207.

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This review covers the state-of-the-art in organo–inorganic lead-free hybrid perovskites (HPs) and applications of these exciting materials as light harvesters in photovoltaic systems. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of the spatial organization of HP materials both on the micro- and nanometer scale on the performance and stability of perovskite-based solar light converters. This review also discusses HP materials produced by isovalent lead(II) substitution with Sn2+ and other metal(II) ions, perovskite materials formed on the basis of M3+ cations (Sb3+, Bi3+) as well as on combinations of M+/M3+ ions aliovalent to 2Pb2+ (Ag+/Bi3+, Ag+/Sb3+, etc.). The survey is concluded with an outlook highlighting the most promising strategies for future progress of photovoltaic systems based on lead-free perovskite compounds.

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Gao, Zhan, Yifan Zheng, Guancheng Huang, Genjie Yang, Xinge Yu, and Junsheng Yu. "Additive Modulated Perovskite Microstructures for High Performance Photodetectors." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121090.

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been widely used as light sensitive components for high-efficient photodetectors due to their superior optoelectronic properties. However, the unwanted crystallographic defects of perovskites typically result in high dark current, and thus limit the performance of the device. Herein, we introduce a simple route of microstructures control in MAPbI3 perovskites that associates with introducing an additive of 3,3,4,4-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydridean (BPTCD) for crystallization adjustment of the perovskite film. The BPTCD additive can facilitate the formation of high-quality perovskite film with a compact and nearly pinhole-free morphology. Through characterizing the molecular interactions, it was found that the carbonyl groups in BPTCD is the key reason that promoted the nucleation and crystallization of MAPbI3. As a result, we obtained high-efficient and stable perovskite photodetectors with low dark current of 9.98 × 10−8 A at −0.5 V, an on/off ratio value of 103, and a high detectivity exceeding 1012 Jones over the visible region.

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Kostopoulou, Athanasia, Konstantinos Brintakis, Nektarios K. Nasikas, and Emmanuel Stratakis. "Perovskite nanocrystals for energy conversion and storage." Nanophotonics 8, no. 10 (July 19, 2019): 1607–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0119.

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AbstractThe high demand for energy consumption in everyday life, and fears of climate change are driving the scientific community to explore prospective materials for efficient energy conversion and storage. Perovskites, a prominent category of materials, including metal halides and perovskite oxides have a significant role as energy materials, and can effectively replace conventional materials. The simultaneous need for new energy materials together with the increased interest for making new devices, and exploring new physics, thrust the research to control the structuring of the perovskite materials at the nanoscale. Nanostructuring of the perovskites offers unique features such as a large surface area, extensive porous structures, controlled transport and charge-carrier mobility, strong absorption and photoluminescence, and confinement effects. These features together with the unique tunability in their composition, shape, and functionalities make perovskite nanocrystals efficient for energy-related applications such as photovoltaics, catalysts, thermoelectrics, batteries, supercapacitor and hydrogen storage systems. The synthesis procedures of perovskite nanostructures in different morphologies is summarized and the energy-related properties and applications are extensively discussed in this paper.

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Mahmoud, Hanan A. Hosni. "Computerized Prediction of Perovskite Performance Using Deep Learning." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223759.

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Perovskites have exceptional physical and chemical features in different fields. Perovskites have an ABO3 formula with similar sizes of A-site and B-site cations. This research explores the challenges of developing new perovskite solar cells with high performance. Therefore, this article proposes a deep learning model for the prediction of perovskites performance measures. The measures are: energy conversion performance, ABO3 stability, ion volume, and induced oxygen vacancy dimension. These performance measures are very crucial electrochemical reactions in energy conversion in fuel crystals. The challenges in any deep learning model are the lack of the presence of sufficient data and training time. Consequently, in this research, we propose a transfer learning perovskites model. Perovskite performance detection is critical to offer operative energy resources. In the proposed model, the constructed detection model uses a perovskites feature set. The transfer learning model utilizes other materials with large-sized datasets to predict the four performance measures with high accuracy. The output of the transfer learning is then utilized for the proposed deep learning model to predict perovskites performance measures with a small-sized dataset. A dataset of 8500 perovskite samples is utilized in the research. The results prove that a deep learning F2-Score with transfer learning attains high accuracy of 98.95%, recall of 96.91% and F2-score of 97.05%.

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Bidikoudi, Maria, Carmen Simal, and Elias Stathatos. "Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A Review." Electronics 10, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10101145.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with earth-abundant carbon as an effective replacer for unstable hole-transporting materials and expensive electrodes is a recently proposed structure promising better air and moisture stability. In this review paper, we report on the latest advances and state of the art of Pb-free and low-Pb-content perovskites, used as absorbers in carbon-based perovskite solar cells. The focus is on the implementation of these, environmentally friendly and non-toxic, structures in PSCs with a carbon electrode as a replacement of the noble metal electrode typically used (C-PSCs). The motivation for this study has been the great potential that C-PSCs have shown for the leap towards the commercialization of PSCs. Some of their outstanding properties include low cost, high-stability, ambient processability and compatibility with most up-scaling methods (e.g., printing). By surpassing the key obstacle of toxicity, caused by the Pb content of the highest-performing perovskites, and by combining the advantages of C-PSCs with the Pb-free perovskites low toxicity, this technology will move one step further; this review summarizes the most promising routes that have been reported so far towards that direction.

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Pantaler, Martina, Selina Olthof, Klaus Meerholz, and Doru C. Lupascu. "Bismuth-Antimony mixed double perovskites Cs2AgBi1-xSbxBr6 in solar cells." MRS Advances 4, no. 64 (2019): 3545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.404.

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AbstractReported conversion efficiencies of lead based perovskite solar cells keep increasing steadily. But next to the demand for high efficiency, the need for analogue non-toxic material systems remains. One promising lead free absorber material is the double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6. Interest in this and other double perovskites has been increasing in the last three years and several solar cells using different device structures have been reported. However, the efficiency of these solar cells is merely in the range of 2%. To further improve solar cell performance we prepared mixed bismuth-antimony double perovskite Cs2AgBi1-xSbxBr6 where different fractions of antimony (x=0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.50) are used. This was motivated by reports of lower bandgap values in these mixed system. After the optimization of preparation of these thin films, we have carefully analysed the effects on the structure, composition, electronic structure, as well as optical properties. Finally, we have fabricated Bi-Sb mixed double perovskite solar cells in a mesoscopic device architecture.

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Rojas-Cervantes, María, and Eva Castillejos. "Perovskites as Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment." Catalysts 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030230.

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Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the formation of highly reactive radicals are able to degrade many organic contaminants present in effluent water. In the heterogeneous AOPS the presence of a solid which acts as catalyst in combination with other systems (O3, H2O2, light) is required. Among the different materials that can catalyse these processes, perovskites are found to be very promising, because they are highly stable and exhibit a high mobility of network oxygen with the possibility of forming vacancies and to stabilize unusual oxidation states of metals. In this review, we show the fundaments of different kinds of AOPs and the application of perovskite type oxides in them, classified attending to the oxidant used, ozone, H2O2 or peroxymonosulfate, alone or in combination with other systems. The photocatalytic oxidation, consisting in the activation of the perovskite by irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light is also revised.

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Vinnik, Trofimov, Zhivulin, Gudkova, Zaitseva, Zherebtsov, Starikov, et al. "High Entropy Oxide Phases with Perovskite Structure." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020268.

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The possibility of the formation of high entropy single-phase perovskites using solid-state sintering was investigated. The BaO–SrO–CaO–MgO–PbO–TiO2, BaO–SrO–CaO–MgO–PbO–Fe2O3 and Na2O–K2O–CaO–La2O3–Ce2O3–TiO2 oxide systems were investigated. The optimal synthesis temperature is found between 1150 and 1400 °C, at which the microcrystalline single phase with perovskite structure was produced. The morphology, chemical composition, crystal parameters and dielectric properties were studied and compared with that of pure BaTiO3. According to the EDX data, the single-phase product has a formula of Na0.30K0.07Ca0.24La0.18Ce0.21TiO3 and a cubic structure.

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12

Wang, Di, and Ross J. Angel. "Octahedral tilts, symmetry-adapted displacive modes and polyhedral volume ratios in perovskite structures." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 67, no. 4 (July 18, 2011): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768111018313.

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The structures of tilted perovskites in each of the 15 tilt systems have been decomposed into the amplitudes of symmetry-adapted modes in order to provide a clear and unambiguous definition of the tilt angles. A full expression in terms of the mode amplitudes for the ratio of the volumes of the two polyhedra within the perovskite structure for each of the 15 tilt systems is derived, along with more general expressions in terms of either mode amplitudes or tilt angles that can be used to estimate this ratio when the distortions of the octahedra are small.

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Sharma, Anupam Deep, and M. M. Sinha. "Lattice Dynamics of Protonic Conductors AZrO₃ (A = Ba, Sr & Pb): A Comparative Study." Advanced Materials Research 685 (April 2013): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.685.191.

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Recently, many investigations were devoted to the study of family of perovskite-type ABO3oxides. The material belongs to ABO3 perovskite oxides family like SrZrO3, BaZrO3, PbZrO3have many characteristics which are suitable for high-voltage and high-reliability capacitor applications. Many acceptor-doped perovskite-type oxides show high protonic conductivity at elevated temperatures. In addition to their reduced temperature operation relative to traditional oxide ion conductors such as Y-stabilized ZrO2, these perovskites, because of their proton transport properties, offer the possibility of application in a number of arenas including hydrogen sensors for molten metals and hydrogen pumps. In this work we are reporting the results of our theoretical investigation on the phonon properties of ABO3mainly BaZrO3, PbZrO3& SrZrO3in cubic phases. The phonon properties are calculated by using lattice dynamical simulation method based on de Launey angular force (DAF) constant model to understand the role of phonon in these systems. The phonon dispersion curves of these proton conductors in cubic phase are also drawn.

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Tarasova, Nataliia. "Layered Perovskites BaLnnInnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2) for Electrochemical Applications: A Mini Review." Membranes 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010034.

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Modern humanity is facing many challenges, such as declining reserves of fossil energy resources and their increasing prices, climate change and an increase in the number of respiratory diseases including COVID-19. This causes an urgent need to create advanced energy materials and technologies to support the sustainable development of renewable energy systems including hydrogen energy. Layered perovskites have many attractions due to their physical and chemical properties. The structure of such compounds contains perovskite layers divided by layers with different frameworks, which provide their properties’ features. Proton-conduction layered perovskites open up a novel structural class of protonic conductors, potentially suitable for application in such hydrogen energy devices as protonic ceramic electrolysis cells and protonic ceramic fuel cells. In this mini review, the special features of proton transport in the novel class of proton conductors BaLnnInnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2) with a layered perovskite structure are observed and general regularities are discussed.

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Navarro, O., B. Aguilar, and M. Avignon. "Magnetic transition in double perovskite systems." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 322, no. 9-12 (May 2010): 1246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.03.004.

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Chen, Zehong, Zhonghong Shi, Wenbo Zhang, Zixian Li, and Zhang-Kai Zhou. "High efficiency and large optical anisotropy in the high-order nonlinear processes of 2D perovskite nanosheets." Nanophotonics 11, no. 7 (March 1, 2022): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0789.

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Abstract Nonlinear nanophotonic devices have brought about great advances in the fields of nano-optics, quantum science, biomedical engineering, etc. However, in order to push these nanophotonic devices out of laboratory, it is still highly necessary to improve their efficiency. Since obtaining novel nanomaterials with large nonlinearity is of crucial importance for improving the efficiency of nonlinear nanodevices, we propose the two-dimensional (2D) perovskites. Different from most previous studies which focused on the 2D perovskites in large scale (such as the bulk materials or the thick flakes), herein we studied the 2D perovskites nanosheets with thickness of ∼50 nm. The high-order nonlinear processes including multi-photon photoluminescence and third-harmonic generation (THG) have been systematically investigated, and it is found the THG process can have a high conversion efficiency up to ∼8 × 10−6. Also, it is observed that the nonlinear responses of 2D perovskites have large optical anisotropy, i.e., the polarization ratio for the incident polarization dependence of nonlinear response can be as high as ∼0.99, which is an impressive record in the perovskite systems. Our findings reveal the properties of high efficiency and huge optical anisotropy in the nonlinear processes of 2D perovskite nanosheets, shedding light on the design of advanced integrated nonlinear nanodevices in future.

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Claridge, John. "Crystal Chemistry and Symmetry based approaches to multiferroics." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090226.

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The area of improper ferroelectrics and potentially multiferroics has recently received significant attention do the prediction that a combination of a–a–c+ tilting and layered ordering of the A site cations along [001]perov in perovskite ABX3 systems or in the even n Ruddlesden Popper (RP) phases (An+1BnX3n+1), leads to non-centrosymmetric structures which are predicted to have significant switchable polarisations. Two practical examples will be discussed: (i) Suitable doping of the RP phase SrLn2Fe2O7 can induce a polar tilted ground state where weak ferromagnetism and magnetocelecricity are induced by the appearance of the polar tilted state. The transition temperatures and phase sucession is dependant on the degree of doping. (ii) The oxide heterostructure [(YFeO3)5(LaFeO3)5]40,which is magnetically ordered and piezoelectric at room temperature, has been constructed from two weak ferromagnetic AFeO3 perovskites with different A cations using RHEED-monitored pulsed laser deposition.1 Here we elaborate a superspace description of cation ordering in tilted perovskites that allows the prediction of the symmetry of arbitrary cation ordered superlattices, along <100>perov, <110>perov and <111>perov and ordering of both A and B cations, of the various tilted perovskites, which also rationalizes the observed domain structures. This approach is expaned to include magnetic symmetry and the potential for finding other suitable structural distortions in non-perovskite systems will be discussed.

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Choi, Yong Chan, and Kang-Won Jung. "Recent Progress in Fabrication of Antimony/Bismuth Chalcohalides for Lead-Free Solar Cell Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 2284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112284.

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Despite their comparable performance to commercial solar systems, lead-based perovskite (Pb-perovskite) solar cells exhibit limitations including Pb toxicity and instability for industrial applications. To address these issues, two types of Pb-free materials have been proposed as alternatives to Pb-perovskite: perovskite-based and non-perovskite-based materials. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on solar cells based on antimony/bismuth (Sb/Bi) chalcohalides, representing Sb/Bi non-perovskite semiconductors containing chalcogenides and halides. Two types of ternary and quaternary chalcohalides are described, with their classification predicated on the fabrication method. We also highlight their utility as interfacial layers for improving other solar cells. This review provides clues for improving the performances of devices and design of multifunctional solar systems.

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Woo, Sung Hun, Kyeong Eun Song, Seung-Wook Baek, Hyunil Kang, Wonseok Choi, Tae Ho Shin, Jun-Young Park, and Jung Hyun Kim. "Pr- and Sm-Substituted Layered Perovskite Oxide Systems for IT-SOFC Cathodes." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 6739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206739.

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In this study, the phase synthesis and electrochemical properties of A/A//A///B2O5+d (A/: Lanthanide, A//: Ba, and A//: Sr) layered perovskites in which Pr and Sm were substituted at the A/-site were investigated for cathode materials of Intermediate Temperature-Operating Solid Oxide Fuel cells (IT-SOFC). In the PrxSm1−xBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+d (x = 0.1–0.9) systems, tetragonal (x < 0.4) and orthorhombic (x ≥ 0.5) crystalline structures were confirmed according to the substitution amount of Pr, which has a relatively large ionic radius, and Sm, which has a small ionic radius. All of the layered perovskite oxide systems utilized in this study presented typical metallic conductivity behavior, with decreasing electrical conductivity as temperature increased. In addition, Pr0.5Sm0.5Ba0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+d (PSBSCO55), showing a tetragonal crystalline structure, had the lowest conductivity values. However, the Area-Specific Resistance (ASR) of PSBSCO55 was found to be 0.10 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, which is lower than those of the other compositions.

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Lin, Po-Yen, Yuan-Chun Chung, and Yeong-Her Wang. "Effects of Different Anti-Solvents and Annealing Temperatures on Perovskite Thin Films." Crystals 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2022): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081074.

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Since perovskite materials are currently mostly used in the active layer of solar cells, how to maximize the conversion efficiency of the active layer is the most urgent problem at present. In this regard, the extremely low voltage loss and tunable energy gap of methyl lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskites make them very suitable for all perovskite solar cell applications, and are also compatible with silicon crystalline systems. Therefore, the future development of MAPbI3 perovskite will be very important. The key point of film formation in MAPbI3 is the addition of anti-solvent, which will affect the overall quality of the film. Whether it can be used as an excellent active layer to improve the application value will be very important. Therefore, the research purpose of this topic “Effects of different anti-solvents and annealing temperatures on perovskites” is to complete the basic research and development of a light-absorbing layer of a solar cell element, in which three different anti-solvents need to be matched with each other as the active light-absorbing layer of a solar cell. Through optimization, using the chemical properties of different anti-solvents and different annealing temperatures, combined with the low-process-cost characteristics of organic materials and many other advantages, we researched the optimized process methods and parameters to improve the absorption efficiency of the active light-absorbing layer.

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Nonniger, Ralph, Norbert Bendzko, and Helmut Schmidt. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Perovskite Powder Systems." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 353, no. 1 (December 2000): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250008025672.

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Cong, Bach Thanh, Pham Huong Thao, and Nguyen Tien Cuong. "Tunnelling magnetoresistance in nanometer granular perovskite systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 187 (September 1, 2009): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/187/1/012007.

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Gardner, Kira L., Jeffrey G. Tait, Tamara Merckx, Weiming Qiu, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Lucinda Kootstra, Manoj Jaysankar, et al. "Nonhazardous Solvent Systems for Processing Perovskite Photovoltaics." Advanced Energy Materials 6, no. 14 (May 27, 2016): 1600386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201600386.

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Dutta, Rajkrishna, Eran Greenberg, Vitali B. Prakapenka, and Thomas S. Duffy. "Phase transitions beyond post-perovskite in NaMgF3 to 160 GPa." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 39 (September 10, 2019): 19324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909446116.

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Neighborite, NaMgF3, is used as a model system for understanding phase transitions in ABX3 systems (e.g., MgSiO3) at high pressures. Here we report diamond anvil cell experiments that identify the following phases in NaMgF3 with compression to 162 GPa: NaMgF3 (perovskite) → NaMgF3 (post-perovskite) → NaMgF3 (Sb2S3-type) → NaF (B2-type) + NaMg2F5 (P21/c) → NaF (B2) + MgF2 (cotunnite-type). Our results demonstrate the existence of an Sb2S3-type post-post-perovskite ABX3 phase. We also experimentally demonstrate the formation of the P21/c AB2X5 phase which has been proposed theoretically to be a common high-pressure phase in ABX3 systems. Our study provides an experimental observation of the full sequence of phase transitions from perovskite to post-perovskite to post-post-perovskite followed by 2-stage breakdown to binary compounds. Notably, a similar sequence of transitions is predicted to occur in MgSiO3 at ultrahigh pressures, where it has implications for the mineralogy and dynamics in the deep interior of large, rocky extrasolar planets.

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López-Domínguez, Pedro, and Isabel Van Driessche. "Colloidal Oxide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Synthesis to Application." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.376.

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Nanocrystals (NCs) are complex systems that offer a superior level of detailed engineering at the atomic level. The large number of novel and revolutionary applications have made nanocrystals of special interest. In particular oxide perovskites are one of the most widely investigated family of materials in solid-state chemistry, especially for their ferroelectric and superconducting properties. In addition to these well-known properties, perovskites show good electrical conductivity (close to metals), ion conductivity and mixed ionic-electronic conductivity. In that sense, controlled synthesis of nanomaterials with special care over size and shape are essential in many fields of science and technology. Although it is well-known that physical methods deliver excellent quality nanomaterials, their high production cost has increased the interest to more affordable alternative chemical processes. In this review, we focus on the preparation of sub-10 nm oxide perovskite nanocrystals and the main strategies used to control the final properties of the obtained products. In the second part, we present the methods available for nanocrystal solutions processing together with the most remarkable applications foreseen.

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Pascual, Jorge, Silvia Collavini, Sebastian F. Völker, Nga Phung, Elisa Palacios-Lidon, Lourdes Irusta, Hans-Jürgen Grande, Antonio Abate, Ramón Tena-Zaera, and Juan Luis Delgado. "Unravelling fullerene–perovskite interactions introduces advanced blend films for performance-improved solar cells." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 10 (2019): 2779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00438f.

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Identification of perovskite–fullerene interactions explained the beneficial effects of fullerene derivatisation for perovskite:fullerene films. Understanding these systems led to structurally optimised fullerene for improved perovskite solar cells.

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Tian, W., J. C. Jiang, X. Q. Pan, J. H. Haeni, and D. G. Schlom. "Atomic Structure Of Epitaxial Thin Films Of The Srn+1tinO3n+1 Ruddlesden-Popper Homologous Series." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013891.

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The n+1TinO3n+1 Ruddlesden-Popper homologous series are promising candidates in the search for low loss tunable dielectric materials. SrTiO3 (n=∞) has the perovskite structure with alternating TiO2 and SrO layers. However, those members of the n+1TinO3n+1 series with n≠∞ have tetragonal symmetry and space group 14/mmm. These phases are formed by inserting a rock-salt SrO layer every n SrTiO3 perovskites, resulting in a successive perovskite blocks being mutually sheared by [1/2,1/2,0] (Fig. 1).Previously, the n = 1 - 3 members of this series have been made in polycrystalline form using solid state synthesis methods. Attempts to synthesize intermediate members (4≤n<∞) have been unsuccessful and resulted in mixed phase samples. Fortunately, significant advancement in epitaxial growth techniques makes it possible to control the synthesis of a wide variety of homologous oxide crystal systems. In the present work, thin films of the Srn+1TinO3n+1, RP series with n = 1 - 5 have been synthesized using reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

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Ouyang, Zhenyu, Ninghao Zhou, Meredith G. McNamee, Liang Yan, Olivia F. Williams, Zijian Gan, Ran Gao, Wei You, and Andrew M. Moran. "Origin of layered perovskite device efficiencies revealed by multidimensional time-of-flight spectroscopy." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 8 (February 28, 2022): 084202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0072976.

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Mixtures of layered perovskite quantum wells with different sizes form prototypical light-harvesting antenna structures in solution-processed films. Gradients in the bandgaps and energy levels are established by concentrating the smallest and largest quantum wells near opposing electrodes in photovoltaic devices. Whereas short-range energy and charge carrier funneling behaviors have been observed in layered perovskites, our recent work suggests that such light-harvesting processes do not assist long-range charge transport due to carrier trapping at interfaces between quantum wells and interstitial organic spacer molecules. Here, we apply a two-pulse time-of-flight technique to a family of layered perovskite systems to explore the effects that interstitial organic molecules have on charge carrier dynamics. In these experiments, the first laser pulse initiates carrier drift within the active layer of a photovoltaic device, whereas the second pulse probes the transient concentrations of photoexcited carriers as they approach the electrodes. The instantaneous drift velocities determined with this method suggest that the rates of trap-induced carrier deceleration increase with the concentrations of organic spacer cations. Overall, our experimental results and model calculations suggest that the layered perovskite device efficiencies primarily reflect the dynamics of carrier trapping at interfaces between quantum wells and interstitial organic phases.

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Levin, Igor, Terrell A. Vanderah, Rachel Coutts, and Steven M. Bell. "Phase Equilibria and Dielectric Properties in Perovskite-like (1 − x)LaCa0.5Zr0.5O3–xATiO3 (A = Ca, Sr) Ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 7 (July 2002): 1729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0256.

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Phase equilibria and dielectric properties were analyzed for selected compositions in both LaCa0.5Zr0.5O3–CaTiO3 (LCZ-CT) and LaCa0.5Zr0.5O3–SrTiO3 (LCZ–ST) systems using x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The end-member LaCa0.5Zr0.5O3 does not occur as a single phase but rather as a mixture of a perovskite-type phase with approximate composition La0.94Ca0.53Zr0.53O3 plus a minor amount of La2O3. This perovskite phase exhibited a combination of 1:1 ordering of Ca and Zr on the B-sites and octahedral tilting. In the (1 – x)LCZ– xCT system, the compositions x = 1/3 and x = 1/2 yielded single phases with perovskite-like structures featuring similar 1:1 B-site ordering superimposed onto octahedral tilting. The x = 1/2 composition in the LCZ–ST system resides in a two-phase field and contains a major perovskite phase and La2O3; the B-cations in the perovskite phase remain disordered at all temperatures. The approximate boundaries of perovskite-like phase fields in the La2O3–ATiO3–CaZrO3 (A = Ca, Sr) systems were outlined, as well as a schematic diagram for perovskite B-cation ordering transitions in the LCZ–CT system. The dielectric properties of the compositions investigated were measured at microwave frequencies and were correlated with the observed structural behavior.

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30

Mydhili, B., Ancy Albert, and C. O. Sreekala. "Mixed Organic Halide Perovskite Energy Harvester for Solar Cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2426, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2426/1/012044.

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Abstract Organic- inorganic hybrid perovskite shows promising properties such as optical, electrical, and magnetic. To address issues in the standard methylammonium lead iodide perovskite such as toxicity and stability, lead was replaced with Cu in metal ion part and iodine replaced by chlorine in the anionic position. In this work, methyl ammonium copper chloride (MA2CuCl4) and phenyl ethyl ammonium copper chloride (PEA2CuCl4) were synthesised. Optical and structural property variations of solution obtained by mixing MA2CuCl4 and PEA2CuCl4 in 1:1 ratio was studied. Methylammonium lead iodide has a wide range of applications, particularly in solar cells and photovoltaic systems. Phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride material exhibits both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. Methylammonium copper chloride is hygroscopic and unstable. To increase the stability of the material the organic part can be replaced with higher-order functional groups. Phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride is found to be thermally stable and has more moisture resistance ability compared to methyl ammonium copper chloride. From angle of efficiency, methyl ammonium copper chloride possessed higher performance than phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride, particularly in the field of solar cell perovskites. Uv-vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR characterizations were done.

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31

Tarasova, Nataliia, and Anzhelika Bedarkova. "Advanced Proton-Conducting Ceramics Based on Layered Perovskite BaLaInO4 for Energy Conversion Technologies and Devices." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 6841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196841.

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Production of high efficiency renewable energy source for sustainable global development is an important challenge for humans. Hydrogen energy systems are one of the key elements for the development of sustainable energy future. These systems are eco-friendly and include devices such as protonic ceramic fuel cells, which require advanced proton-conducting materials. In this study, we focused on new ceramics with significantly improved target properties for hydrogen energy purposes. Neodymium-doped phase based on layered perovskite BaLaInO4 was obtained for the first time. The ability for water intercalation and proton transport was proved. It was shown that the composition BaLa0.9Nd0.1InO4 is the predominant proton conductor below 400 °C under wet air. Moreover, isovalent doping of layered perovskites AA′BO4 is the promising method for improving transport properties and obtaining novel advanced proton-conducting ceramic materials.

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32

Beom, Keonwon, Zhaoyang Fan, Dawen Li, and Nathan Newman. "Halide perovskite based synaptic devices for neuromorphic systems." Materials Today Physics 24 (May 2022): 100667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100667.

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33

Dimesso, L., T. Mayer, and W. Jaegermann. "Investigation of Methylammonium Tin Strontium Bromide Perovskite Systems." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 7, no. 3 (2018): R27—R33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0181803jss.

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34

de Los S. Guerra, J., M. H. Lente, and J. A. Eiras. "Microwave dielectric dispersion process in perovskite ferroelectric systems." Applied Physics Letters 88, no. 10 (March 6, 2006): 102905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2172072.

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35

Cox, D. E., B. Noheda, G. Shirane, Y. Uesu, K. Fujishiro, and Y. Yamada. "Universal phase diagram for high-piezoelectric perovskite systems." Applied Physics Letters 79, no. 3 (July 16, 2001): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1384475.

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36

Kawasaki, S. "Physical properties of Co-substituted iron perovskite systems." Solid State Ionics 108, no. 1-4 (May 1, 1998): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(98)00042-3.

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37

Zenkner, Mandy, Ulrich Straube, and Günther Schmidt. "Ferroelectric to Relaxor Crossover in Perovskite-type Systems." Ferroelectrics 460, no. 1 (February 17, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2014.874856.

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38

Inoue, J. "Perovskite manganites as spin–charge–orbital coupled systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 356, no. 1742 (July 15, 1998): 1481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1998.0231.

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39

Woodward, David I., and Ian M. Reaney. "Electron diffraction of tilted perovskites." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 61, no. 4 (July 19, 2005): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768105015521.

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Simulations of electron diffraction patterns for each of the known perovskite tilt systems have been performed. The conditions for the appearance of superlattice reflections arising from rotations of the octahedra are modified to take into account the effects of different tilt systems for kinematical diffraction. The use of selected-area electron diffraction as a tool for perovskite structure determination is reviewed and examples are included.

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40

Zhang, Laisheng, Zhong Zhuang, Qianfeng Fang, and Xianping Wang. "Study on the Automatic Identification of ABX3 Perovskite Crystal Structure Based on the Bond-Valence Vector Sum." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010334.

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Perovskite materials have a variety of crystal structures, and the properties of crystalline materials are greatly influenced by geometric information such as the space group, crystal system, and lattice constant. It used to be mostly obtained using calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and experimental data from X-ray diffraction (XRD) curve fitting. These two techniques cannot be utilized to identify materials on a wide scale in businesses since they require expensive equipment and take a lot of time. Machine learning (ML), which is based on big data statistics and nonlinear modeling, has advanced significantly in recent years and is now capable of swiftly and reliably predicting the structures of materials with known chemical ratios based on a few key material-specific factors. A dataset encompassing 1647 perovskite compounds in seven crystal systems was obtained from the Materials Project database for this study, which used the ABX3 perovskite system as its research object. A descriptor called the bond-valence vector sum (BVVS) is presented to describe the intricate geometry of perovskites in addition to information on the usual chemical composition of the elements. Additionally, a model for the automatic identification of perovskite structures was built through a comparison of various ML techniques. It is possible to identify the space group and crystal system using just a small dataset of 10 feature descriptors. The highest accuracy is 0.955 and 0.974, and the highest correlation coefficient (R2) value of the lattice constant can reach 0.887, making this a quick and efficient method for determining the crystal structure.

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41

Wang, Huan, and Dong Ha Kim. "Perovskite-based photodetectors: materials and devices." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 17 (2017): 5204–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00896h.

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42

Peña-Camargo, Francisco, Jarla Thiesbrummel, Hannes Hempel, Artem Musiienko, Vincent M. Le Corre, Jonas Diekmann, Jonathan Warby, et al. "Revealing the doping density in perovskite solar cells and its impact on device performance." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 2 (June 2022): 021409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085286.

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Traditional inorganic semiconductors can be electronically doped with high precision. Conversely, there is still conjecture regarding the assessment of the electronic doping density in metal-halide perovskites, not to mention of a control thereof. This paper presents a multifaceted approach to determine the electronic doping density for a range of different lead-halide perovskite systems. Optical and electrical characterization techniques, comprising intensity-dependent and transient photoluminescence, AC Hall effect, transfer-length-methods, and charge extraction measurements were instrumental in quantifying an upper limit for the doping density. The obtained values are subsequently compared to the electrode charge per cell volume under short-circuit conditions ([Formula: see text]), which amounts to roughly 1016 cm−3. This figure of merit represents the critical limit below which doping-induced charges do not influence the device performance. The experimental results consistently demonstrate that the doping density is below this critical threshold (∼1012 cm−3, which means ≪ [Formula: see text]) for all common lead-based metal-halide perovskites. Nevertheless, although the density of doping-induced charges is too low to redistribute the built-in voltage in the perovskite active layer, mobile ions are present in sufficient quantities to create space-charge-regions in the active layer, reminiscent of doped pn-junctions. These results are well supported by drift–diffusion simulations, which confirm that the device performance is not affected by such low doping densities.

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43

Giovanni, David, Wee Kiang Chong, Herlina Arianita Dewi, Krishnamoorthy Thirumal, Ishita Neogi, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, Subodh Mhaisalkar, Nripan Mathews, and Tze Chien Sum. "Tunable room-temperature spin-selective optical Stark effect in solution-processed layered halide perovskites." Science Advances 2, no. 6 (June 2016): e1600477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600477.

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Ultrafast spin manipulation for opto–spin logic applications requires material systems that have strong spin-selective light-matter interaction. Conventional inorganic semiconductor nanostructures [for example, epitaxial II to VI quantum dots and III to V multiple quantum wells (MQWs)] are considered forerunners but encounter challenges such as lattice matching and cryogenic cooling requirements. Two-dimensional halide perovskite semiconductors, combining intrinsic tunable MQW structures and large oscillator strengths with facile solution processability, can offer breakthroughs in this area. We demonstrate novel room-temperature, strong ultrafast spin-selective optical Stark effect in solution-processed (C6H4FC2H4NH3)2PbI4 perovskite thin films. Exciton spin states are selectively tuned by ~6.3 meV using circularly polarized optical pulses without any external photonic cavity (that is, corresponding to a Rabi energy of ~55 meV and equivalent to applying a 70 T magnetic field), which is much larger than any conventional system. The facile halide and organic replacement in these perovskites affords control of the dielectric confinement and thus presents a straightforward strategy for tuning light-matter coupling strength.

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44

Baig, Hasan, Hiroyuki Kanda, Abdullah M. Asiri, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, and Tapas Mallick. "Increasing efficiency of perovskite solar cells using low concentrating photovoltaic systems." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 2 (2020): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00550a.

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45

Zhou, Xianfang, Yansong Wang, Chuangye Ge, Bin Tang, Haoran Lin, Xintao Zhang, Yun Huang, Quanyao Zhu, and Hanlin Hu. "Lead-Free Perovskite Single Crystals: A Brief Review." Crystals 11, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111329.

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Lead-free perovskites have received remarkable attention because of their nontoxicity, low-cost fabrication, and spectacular properties including controlled bandgap, long diffusion length of charge carrier, large absorption coefficient, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Compared with the widely investigated polycrystals, single crystals have advantages of lower trap densities, longer diffusion length of carrier, and extended absorption spectrum due to the lack of grain boundaries, which facilitates their potential in different fields including photodetectors, solar cells, X-ray detectors, light-emitting diodes, and so on. Therefore, numerous research focusing on the novel properties, preparation methods, and remarkable progress in applications of lead-free perovskite single crystals (LFPSCs) has been extensively studied. In this review, the current advancements of LFPSCs are briefly summarized, including the synthesis approaches, compositional and interfacial engineering, and stability of several representative systems of LFPSCs as well as the reported practical applications. Finally, the critical challenges which limit the performance of LFPSCs, and their inspiring prospects for further developments are also discussed.

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46

Förster, Stefan, Eva Zollner, Klaus Meinel, Renè Hammer, Martin Trautmann, and Wolf Widdra. "2D quasicrystals from perovskites." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099197.

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Perovskite oxides represent a versatile class of materials with a simple cubic or pseudo-cubic crystal structure. The family of perovskite oxides contains insulators, metals, semiconductors, and superconductors with nearly identical lattice parameters. This structural equivalence additionally allows to combine perovskites with different properties in multilayer systems to produce functional materials with unique properties. We report here on the formation of a quasicrystal (QC) thin film on a threefold Pt(111) surface. This QC film is derived from the classical perovskite oxide BaTiO3 which is the most intensely studied ferroelectric perovskite oxide. An easily accessible ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition at 400 K makes the material so interesting for basic and applied research. Due to matching lattice conditions BaTiO3 can be grown epitaxially on selected metal substrates. Periodic thin films of either BaTiO3(100) or BaTiO3(111) have been grown depending on substrate orientation and preparation conditions on Pt(001) and on Pt(111) [1, 2]. As we demonstrate here, astonishingly also a two-dimensional dodecagonal quasicrystalline structure can be formed by annealing an initially 1.4 nm thick BaTiO3 film on Pt(111) [3]. It develops at a temperature of 1250 K from a wetting layer spreading between a few thicker BaTiO3(111) islands. Surface sensitive electron diffraction (LEED) shows a bright and sharp pattern with dodecagonal symmetry. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images reveal an arrangement of quadratic, triangular, and rhombic elements which compares well to a Gähler tiling. The development of higher-order self-similar structures is widely suppressed by a linear phason strain. This is supported by the fine structure of the diffraction data.

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47

Black, Cameron, and Philip Lightfoot. "Crystal structure of guanidinium hexafluoridovanadate(III), (CN3H6)3[VF6]: an unusual hybrid compound related to perovskite." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 3 (February 6, 2017): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617001711.

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Vanadium fluorides with novel crystal–chemical features and interesting physical properties can be prepared by solvothermal synthetic routes. The title compound, guanidinium hexafluoridovanadate(III), has a cubic structure (space group Pa\overline{3}), exhibiting isolated regular VF6 octahedral units, which are hydrogen bonded to protonated guanidinium moieties. Although the VF6 octahedral units are not linked directly together, there are structural similarities between this crystal structure and those of the wider family of perovskite materials, in particular, hybrid perovskites based on extended ligands such as cyanide. In this context, the octahedral tilt system of the present compound is of interest and demonstrates that unusual tilt systems can be mediated via `molecular' linkers which allow only supramolecular rather than covalent interactions.

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48

Onrubia-Calvo, Jon A., Beñat Pereda-Ayo, and Juan R. González-Velasco. "Perovskite-Based Catalysts as Efficient, Durable, and Economical NOx Storage and Reduction Systems." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020208.

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Diesel engines operate under net oxidizing environment favoring lower fuel consumption and CO2 emissions than stoichiometric gasoline engines. However, NOx reduction and soot removal is still a technological challenge under such oxygen-rich conditions. Currently, NOx storage and reduction (NSR), also known as lean NOx trap (LNT), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and hybrid NSR–SCR technologies are considered the most efficient control after treatment systems to remove NOx emission in diesel engines. However, NSR formulation requires high platinum group metals (PGMs) loads to achieve high NOx removal efficiency. This requisite increases the cost and reduces the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst. Recently, perovskites-type oxides (ABO3) have gained special attention as an efficient, economical, and thermally more stable alternative to PGM-based formulations in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, this paper overviews the potential of perovskite-based formulations to reduce NOx from diesel engine exhaust gases throughout single-NSR and combined NSR–SCR technologies. In detail, the effect of the synthesis method and chemical composition over NO-to-NO2 conversion, NOx storage capacity, and NOx reduction efficiency is addressed. Furthermore, the NOx removal efficiency of optimal developed formulations is compared with respect to the current NSR model catalyst (1–1.5 wt % Pt–10–15 wt % BaO/Al2O3) in the absence and presence of SO2 and H2O in the feed stream, as occurs in the real automotive application. Main conclusions are finally summarized and future challenges highlighted.

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Jung, Jae-Il, Marcel Risch, Seungkyu Park, Min Gyu Kim, Gyutae Nam, Hu-Young Jeong, Yang Shao-Horn, and Jaephil Cho. "Optimizing nanoparticle perovskite for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis." Energy & Environmental Science 9, no. 1 (2016): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee03124a.

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Joo, Minsoo, and Dale Sayers. "Simulation Study of Off-Center Shifts in Perovskite Systems." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32, S2 (January 1, 1993): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.32s2.92.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Perovskite systems'

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