Journal articles: 'Perovskite degradation'

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Yang, Bilin, Yujun Xie, Pan Zeng, Yurong Dong, Qiongrong Ou, and Shuyu Zhang. "Tightly Compacted Perovskite Laminates on Flexible Substrates via Hot-Pressing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10061917.

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Pressure and temperature are powerful tools applied to perovskites to achieve recrystallization. Lamination, based on recrystallization of perovskites, avoids the limitations and improves the compatibility of materials and solvents in perovskite device architectures. In this work, we demonstrate tightly compacted perovskite laminates on flexible substrates via hot-pressing and investigate the effect of hot-pressing conditions on the lamination qualities and optical properties of perovskite laminates. The optimized laminates achieved at a temperature of 90 °C and a pressure of 10 MPa could sustain a horizontal pulling pressure of 636 kPa and a vertical pulling pressure of 71 kPa. Perovskite laminates exhibit increased crystallinity and a crystallization orientation preference to the (100) direction. The optical properties of laminated perovskites are almost identical to those of pristine perovskites, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) survives the negative impact of thermal degradation. This work demonstrates a promising approach to physically laminating perovskite films, which may accelerate the development of roll-to-roll printed perovskite devices and perovskite tandem architectures in the future.

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Bhavyasree, A. B., K. P. Latha, and H. S. Jayanna. "Photocatalytic activity of Perovskites for degradation of dyes." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/259rjce146150.

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Perovskites are mixed metal-oxides which have received much attention and more applicative interests in the research field as well as in industry due to their unique properties like high surface area, small size, excellent magnetic property, thermal stability and low price. Perovskites are effectively used as semiconductors, adsorbents, catalyst, Superconductors etc. The present study outlined the broad overview of the Perovskite as photocatalyst.

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Cheng, Yuanhang, and Liming Ding. "Pushing commercialization of perovskite solar cells by improving their intrinsic stability." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 6 (2021): 3233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ee00493j.

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This review provides a comprehensive understanding on degradation mechanisms related to intrinsic properties of perovskites and effective strategies for pushing commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic are summarized.

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Rong, Yaoguang, Yue Hu, Anyi Mei, Hairen Tan, Makhsud I. Saidaminov, Sang Il Seok, Michael D. McGehee, Edward H. Sargent, and Hongwei Han. "Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells." Science 361, no. 6408 (September 20, 2018): eaat8235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8235.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed rapidly rising power conversion efficiencies, together with advances in stability and upscaling. Despite these advances, their limited stability and need to prove upscaling remain crucial hurdles on the path to commercialization. We summarize recent advances toward commercially viable PSCs and discuss challenges that remain. We expound the development of standardized protocols to distinguish intrinsic and extrinsic degradation factors in perovskites. We review accelerated aging tests in both cells and modules and discuss the prediction of lifetimes on the basis of degradation kinetics. Mature photovoltaic solutions, which have demonstrated excellent long-term stability in field applications, offer the perovskite community valuable insights into clearing the hurdles to commercialization.

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Dang, Zhiya, Yuqing Luo, Xue-Sen Wang, Muhammad Imran, and Pingqi Gao. "Electron-beam-induced degradation of halide-perovskite-related semiconductor nanomaterials." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 3 (2021): 030002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.030002.

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Aleksandrova, Mariya, Ivailo Pandiev, and Ajaya Kumar Singh. "Implementation of 3ω Method for Studying the Thermal Conductivity of Perovskite Thin Films." Crystals 12, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101326.

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In this paper, an approach for precise determination of the thermal conductivity of novel lead-free perovskite thin films by 3ω method, realized with a field programmable analog array circuit, is presented. The objective of the work is to study the relation between the thermal conductivity of the photoelectric perovskites and the thermal stability of the solar cells, in which they are incorporated. It is found that the solar cells’ long-term stability under different exploitation conditions, such as continuous illumination and elevated temperatures, is affected to a different extent, according to the thermal conductivity. The developed setup for implementation of the 3ω method is adapted for thin-film samples and can be applied to all layers involved in the solar cell, thus defining their individual contribution to the overall device thermal degradation. According to the conducted measurements, the coefficients of thermal conductivity for the novel materials are as follows: for the iodine-based perovskite film, it is 0.14 W/mK and for the chlorine-based perovskite film, it is 0.084 W/mK. As a result, the thermal instability and degradation rate at continuous illumination are, respectively, 10.6% and 200 nV/min for the iodine-based perovskite solar cell, and 6.5% and 20 nV/min for the chlorine-based cell. At elevated temperatures up to 54 °C, the corresponding instability values are 15 µV/°C with a degradation rate of an average of 2.2 µV/min for the cell with iodine-containing perovskite and 300 nV/°C with a degradation rate of 66 nV/min for the cell with chlorine-containing perovskite.

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Mojović, Zorica, Srđan Petrović, and Ljiljana Rožić. "The role of ruthenium in perovskite-type mixed oxide in the electrochemical degradation of 4-nitrophenol." Tehnika 75, no. 6 (2020): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2006695m.

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In this paper new perovskite-based electrode materials for 4-nitrophenol detection were characterized. Mixed oxides of pereovskite type with general molecular formula La0.7Sr0.3Cr1-XRuX03 (X= 0; 0.05) were synthesized by ceramic procedure. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis showed that synthesized system has two-phase structure, including strontium chromate phase beside dominant perovskite phase. Carbon paste electrode was modified with synthsized perovskites in order to study their electrochemical activity. Electrode prepared innn such manner were used for oxido-reduction of 4-nitrophenol in acidic media. The addition of ruthenium to perovskite structure lead to increased electrochemical activity of this electrode for reduction of 4-nitrophenol.

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Ogundana, I. J., and S. Y. Foo. "Improving the Morphology of the Perovskite Absorber Layer in Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Halide Perovskite MAPbI3 Solar Cells." Journal of Solar Energy 2017 (May 3, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8549847.

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Recently, perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent power conversion efficiency, low cost, simple fabrications, and high photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, the perovskite solar cells are lightweight and possess thin film and semitransparency. However, the nonuniformity in perovskite layer constitutes a major setback to the operation mechanism, performance, reproducibility, and degradation of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, one of the main challenges in planar perovskite devices is the fabrication of high quality films with controlled morphology and least amount of pin-holes for high performance thin film perovskite devices. The poor reproducibility in perovskite solar cells hinders the accurate fabrication of practical devices for use in real world applications, and this is primarily as a result of the inability to control the morphology of perovskites, leading to large variability in the characteristics of perovskite solar cells. Hence, the focus of research in perovskites has been mostly geared towards improving the morphology and crystallization of perovskite absorber by selecting the optimal annealing condition considering the effect of humidity. Here we report a controlled ambient condition that is necessary to grow uniform perovskite crystals. A best PCE of 7.5% was achieved along with a short-circuit current density of 15.2 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.81 V, and a fill factor of 0.612 from the perovskite solar cell prepared under 60% relative humidity.

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De Giorgi, Maria Luisa, Stefania Milanese, Argyro Klini, and Marco Anni. "Environment-Induced Reversible Modulation of Optical and Electronic Properties of Lead Halide Perovskites and Possible Applications to Sensor Development: A Review." Molecules 26, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030705.

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Lead halide perovskites are currently widely investigated as active materials in photonic and optoelectronic devices. While the lack of long term stability actually limits their application to commercial devices, several experiments demonstrated that beyond the irreversible variation of the material properties due to degradation, several possibilities exist to reversibly modulate the perovskite characteristics by acting on the environmental conditions. These results clear the way to possible applications of lead halide perovskites to resistive and optical sensors. In this review we will describe the current state of the art of the comprehension of the environmental effects on the optical and electronic properties of lead halide perovskites, and of the exploitation of these results for the development of perovskite-based sensors.

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Rothmann, Mathias Uller, Judy S. Kim, Juliane Borchert, Kilian B. Lohmann, Colum M. O’Leary, Alex A. Sheader, Laura Clark, et al. "Atomic-scale microstructure of metal halide perovskite." Science 370, no. 6516 (October 29, 2020): eabb5940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb5940.

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Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have high potential as materials for solar energy applications, but their microscopic properties are still not well understood. Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy has provided invaluable insights for many crystalline solar cell materials, and we used this method to successfully image formamidinium lead triiodide [CH(NH2)2PbI3] thin films with a low dose of electron irradiation. Such images reveal a highly ordered atomic arrangement of sharp grain boundaries and coherent perovskite/PbI2 interfaces, with a striking absence of long-range disorder in the crystal. We found that beam-induced degradation of the perovskite leads to an initial loss of formamidinium [CH(NH2)2+] ions, leaving behind a partially unoccupied perovskite lattice, which explains the unusual regenerative properties of these materials. We further observed aligned point defects and climb-dissociated dislocations. Our findings thus provide an atomic-level understanding of technologically important lead halide perovskites.

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Seitz, Michael, Patricia Gant, Andres Castellanos-Gomez, and Ferry Prins. "Long-Term Stabilization of Two-Dimensional Perovskites by Encapsulation with Hexagonal Boron Nitride." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081120.

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Metal halide perovskites are known to suffer from rapid degradation, limiting their direct applicability. Here, the degradation of phenethylammonium lead iodide (PEA2PbI4) two-dimensional perovskites under ambient conditions was studied using fluorescence, absorbance, and fluorescence lifetime measurements. It was demonstrated that the long-term stability of two-dimensional perovskites could be achieved through the encapsulation with hexagonal boron nitride. While un-encapsulated perovskite flakes degraded within hours, the encapsulated perovskites were stable for at least three months. In addition, encapsulation considerably improved the stability under laser irradiation. The environmental stability, combined with the improved durability under illumination, is a critical ingredient for thorough spectroscopic studies of the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of this material platform.

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12

Nunes, Maria João, Ana Lopes, Maria José Pacheco, and Lurdes Ciríaco. "Visible-Light-Driven AO7 Photocatalytic Degradation and Toxicity Removal at Bi-Doped SrTiO3." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072465.

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In this study, Bi-doped SrTiO3 perovskites (Sr1−xBixTiO3, x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.1) were synthesized using the solid-state method, characterized, and tested as photocatalysts in the degradation of the azo dye acid orange 7 (AO7) under visible light. The perovskites were successfully synthesized, and XRD data showed a predominant, well-crystallized phase, belonging to the cubic perovskite symmetry. For the doped samples, a minority phase, identified as bismuth titanate, was detected. All doped samples exhibited improved photocatalytic activity under visible light, on the degradation of AO7 (10 mg L−1), when compared with the undoped SrTiO3, with an increase in relative Abs484 nm decay from 3.7% to ≥67.8% after 1 h, for a powder suspension of 0.2 g L−1. The best photocatalytic activity was exhibited by the Sr0.95Bi0.05TiO3 perovskite. Reusability studies showed no significant loss in photocatalytic activity under visible light. The final solutions showed no toxicity towards D. magna, proving the efficiency of Sr0.95Bi0.05TiO3 as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst to degrade both the AO7 dye as well as its toxic by-products. A degradation mechanism is proposed.

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Nkwachukwu, Oluchi V., Charles Muzenda, Babatope O. Ojo, Busisiwe N. Zwane, Babatunde A. Koiki, Benjamin O. Orimolade, Duduzile Nkosi, Nonhlangabezo Mabuba, and Omotayo A. Arotiba. "Photoelectrochemical Degradation of Organic Pollutants on a La3+ Doped BiFeO3 Perovskite." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091069.

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Towards nonconventional wastewater treatment methods for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, a perovskite-based photoelectrochemical system was developed. Bismuth ferrite doped with lanthanum (La-BiFeO3, La-BFO) perovskite was synthesised through a hydrothermal method with low calcination temperature for the photoelectrochemical degradation of orange II dye and other cocktails of dyes. Photoanodes were prepared by the deposition of the perovskites on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The photoanodes were characterised using XRD, FESEM, FTIR and UV-vis diffuse reflectance. The photoelectrochemical properties of the synthesised photoanodes were investigated with chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (including Mott–Schottky analysis). The results show that all La3+-doped BFO photoanodes exhibited a higher absorption edge in the visible light region than the undoped BFO. The photocurrent response of 10% La-BFO (the best performing electrode) exhibited a three times higher current response than the pure BFO. In addition, the electrode exhibited a good degradation efficiency of 84.2% within 120 min with applied bias potential of 2 V at a pH of 7. EIS studies showed a significant enhancement of the interfacial electron transfer of the charge carriers. The enhancements in electrode performances were attributed to the synergistic effect of the applied bias potential and the introduction of La3+ into the BFO matrix. This study therefore shows that the photoelectrocatalytic performance of BFO for water treatment can be improved by the introduction of perovskites-doping ions such as La3+.

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Hao, Mingwei, and Yuanyuan Zhou. "Nanoscopic impurities trigger perovskite degradation." Joule 6, no. 7 (July 2022): 1402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.06.024.

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Olanrewaju, Yusuf A., Richard K. Koech, Omolara V. Oyelade, Ridwan A. Ahmed, Reisya Ichwani, Abraham I. Ebunu, Jaya Cromwell, et al. "Thermally induced failure mechanisms in double and triple cations perovskite solar cells." AIP Advances 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 085014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100183.

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The control of the cation composition of formamidinium (FA), methylammonium (MA), and cesium (Cs) has been used to engineer significant improvements in organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. However, the thermal stability of mixed-cation perovskite solar cells is not fully understood. In this work, we present the results of an experimental study of the stability of double-cation perovskites [(FAPbI3)0.97(MAPbBr3)0.03] [(FAMA)-perovskite solar cells (PSCs)] and triple-cation based-perovskites [Cs0.05(FA0.95MA0.05)0.95Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3] [(CsFAMA)-PSCs] operated between 40 and 60°C. The thermally induced changes in the film microstructure are elucidated via scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses, and these are related to changes in optoelectronic properties, charge transport, and current–voltage characteristics of (FAMA)-PSCs and (CsFAMA)-PSCs. The implications of the observed degradation mechanisms are also discussed for the future development of efficient and stable PSCs.

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Islam, Mohammad Aminul, Hamidreza Mohafez, Khan Sobayel, Sharifah Fatmadiana Wan Muhamad Hatta, Abul Kalam Mahmud Hasan, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Md Akhtaruzzaman, Ghulam Muhammad, and Nowshad Amin. "Degradation of Perovskite Thin Films and Solar Cells with Candle Soot C/Ag Electrode Exposed in a Control Ambient." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 3463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123463.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have already achieved efficiencies of over 25%; however, their instability and degradation in the operational environment have prevented them from becoming commercially viable. Understanding the degradation mechanism, as well as improving the fabrication technique for achieving high-quality perovskite films, is crucial to overcoming these shortcomings. In this study, we investigated details in the changes of physical properties associated with the degradation and/or decomposition of perovskite films and solar cells using XRD, FESEM, EDX, UV-Vis, Hall-effect, and current-voltage (I-V) measurement techniques. The dissociation, as well as the intensity of perovskite peaks, have been observed as an impact of film degradation by humidity. The decomposition rate of perovskite film has been estimated from the structural and optical changes. The performance degradation of novel planner structure PSCs has been investigated in detail. The PSCs were fabricated in-room ambient using candle soot carbon and screen-printed Ag electrode. It was found that until the perovskite film decomposed by 30%, the film properties and cell efficiency remained stable.

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Xiao, Ke, Yen-Hung Lin, Mei Zhang, Robert D. J. Oliver, Xi Wang, Zhou Liu, Xin Luo, et al. "Scalable processing for realizing 21.7%-efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules." Science 376, no. 6594 (May 13, 2022): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn7696.

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Challenges in fabricating all-perovskite tandem solar cells as modules rather than as single-junction configurations include growing high-quality wide-bandgap perovskites and mitigating irreversible degradation caused by halide and metal interdiffusion at the interconnecting contacts. We demonstrate efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules using scalable fabrication techniques. By systematically tuning the cesium ratio of a methylammonium-free 1.8–electron volt mixed-halide perovskite, we improve the homogeneity of crystallization for blade-coated films over large areas. An electrically conductive conformal “diffusion barrier” is introduced between interconnecting subcells to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of all-perovskite tandem solar modules. Our tandem modules achieve a certified PCE of 21.7% with an aperture area of 20 square centimeters and retain 75% of their initial efficiency after 500 hours of continuous operation under simulated 1-sun illumination.

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Mamun, Abdullah Al, Tanzila Tasnim Ava, Hye Ryung Byun, Hyeon Jun Jeong, Mun Seok Jeong, Loi Nguyen, Christine Gausin, and Gon Namkoong. "Unveiling the irreversible performance degradation of organo-inorganic halide perovskite films and solar cells during heating and cooling processes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 29 (2017): 19487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03106h.

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Calisi, Nicola, and Stefano Caporali. "Investigation of Open Air Stability of CsPbBr3 Thin-Film Growth on Different Substrates." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 7775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217775.

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Originally developed out of scientific curiosity, lead halide perovskites are rapidly gaining success due to their broad tenability and ease of fabrication. Despite these advantages and the considerable progress made in the efficiency of perovskite-based devices, the stability of such materials remains a challenge. In this research paper, the role of substrate materials on which thin films of perovskites were deposited was examined, highlighting their critical importance for atmosphere-induced degradation. Indeed, CsPbBr3 thin films sputtered on glass (soda lime and quartz) and indium tin oxide (ITO) resulted more stable, while those deposited on polycrystalline gold-coated glass were much more prone to degradation in a temperature- and moisture-controlled (43% relative humidity (RH)) atmosphere.

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Song, Zhaonng, Chongwen Li, Lei Chen, and Yanfa Yan. "(Invited) Monolithic All-Perovskite Tandem Cells for Unassisted Water Splitting." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 48 (October 9, 2022): 1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02481800mtgabs.

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The past decade has witnessed a rapid evolution of research on metal halide perovskite-based optoelectronic and energy devices. In light of this remarkable progress, photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells based on halide perovskite photoabsorbers have recently emerged as a promising solar fuel technology. Notably, the bandgap tunability and low-temperature processing make monolithic all-perovskite tandem cells ideal candidates for achieving efficient, cost-effective, unassisted solar-driven water electrolysis devices. Here, we report our progress on fabricating monolithic all-perovskite tandem cells consisting of two solution-processed perovskite subcells for unassisted water-splitting applications. The all-perovskite tandem devices are achieved by monolithically integrating a wide-bandgap (1.7 – 2.1 eV) Pb-based mixed-halide (Br-I) perovskite top subcell and a narrower-bandgap (1.25 - 1.55 eV) bottom subcell based on Pb-based or mixed Pb-Sn iodide perovskites. Varying the halide perovskite composition for each subcell enables us to tailor the photovoltaic performance of the tandem devices. We demonstrate that all-perovskite tandem devices with various bandgap compositions can deliver open-circuit voltages of more than 2 V. The high photovoltage provides a sufficient overpotential to drive unassisted PEC water splitting with a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of more than 10%. Additionally, we show that proper water-impermeable encapsulants are needed to prevent degradation of the halide perovskite absorbers in an aqueous environment and enable a long operational lifetime.

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Manos, Donatos, Foteini Papadopoulou, Antigoni Margellou, Dimitrios Petrakis, and Ioannis Konstantinou. "Heterogeneous Activation of Persulfate by LaMO3 (M=Co, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni) Perovskite Catalysts for the Degradation of Organic Compounds." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020187.

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Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are lately applied for the degradation of various pollutants through the formation of reactive oxidant species (ROS) from activation of oxidants, such as persulfate (PS) or peroxymonosulfate (PMS). In this study, LaMO3 (M=Co, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni) perovskite catalysts were synthesized, characterized by several techniques, and tested for the activation of persulfate towards the degradation of phenolic pollutants. The effect of substitution of position B of La-based perovskites as well as calcination temperature was studied. Overall, the results showed that the decisive role in the catalytic activity was the presence of structures that enhance the transfer of electrons between perovskite and oxidant. LaNiO3 followed by LaCoO3 were found as the most active catalysts. Finally, the stability of the catalysts was studied, showing that B-metal leaching is significant for both catalysts, with LaCoO3 being the most stable one.

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Hao, Ying Juan, Bo Li, Rui Hong Liu, and Fa Tang Li. "Synthesis of NdFeO₃ Perovskites in a Reverse Microemulsion and its Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.593.

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The synthesis of NdFeO3 perovskites in a reverse microemulsion and its photocatalytic property for visible light degradation reaction of methylene blue were investigated, respectively. When the irradiation time prolonged from o to 90 minutes, the degradation rate for methylene blue could achieve 60%. XRD pattern shows that a well-crystallized perovskite structure is observed for the NdFeO3 sampled prepared. The TEM characterization result indicates that the dimension of NdFeO3 nanopowders is in the range of 35~45 nm, which is consistent with the calculation result using the Scherrer equation.

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Østergaard, Martin B., Azeem B. Strunck, Vittorio Boffa, and Mads K. Jørgensen. "Kinetics of Strontium Carbonate Formation on a Ce-Doped SrFeO3 Perovskite." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030265.

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Some perovskites exhibit catalytic activity in the abatement of organic pollutants in water. However, their performance decreases over time, possibly due to forms of poisoning, such as carbonate formation. Here, we present the kinetics of carbonate formation on a Ce-doped SrFeO3 perovskite with formula Sr0.85Ce0.15FeO3−δ (SCF), which can act as a thermocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. The carbonate formation was studied in air, in deionized water, and during degradation of bisphenol A. The formation of SrCO3 occurred for perovskites in aqueous environments, i.e., when dispersed in water or used as catalysts in the degradation of bisphenol A, while no SrCO3 was detected for samples stored in air for up to 195 days. SrCO3 formation was detected using both XRD and ATR-FT-IR, and from the XRD, the crystallite size was found to decrease when carbonates formed. The samples containing SrCO3 showed an increasing mass loss at >610 °C with increasing time used as catalysts or dispersed in water, showing that SCF reduces its own efficiency during catalytic use. The kinetics of carbonate formation based on the TGA measurements showed that SrCO3 forms approximately three times faster during the degradation of organic compounds in water compared to SCF dispersed in water. The formation of SrCO3 in SCF is thermally reversible; thus, the catalyst can resume its activity after heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h.

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Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo, Michael Saliba, Tonio Buonassisi, Michael Grätzel, Antonio Abate, Wolfgang Tress, and Anders Hagfeldt. "Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells." Science 358, no. 6364 (November 9, 2017): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aam6323.

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The efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have gone from single digits to a certified 22.1% in a few years’ time. At this stage of their development, the key issues concern how to achieve further improvements in efficiency and long-term stability. We review recent developments in the quest to improve the current state of the art. Because photocurrents are near the theoretical maximum, our focus is on efforts to increase open-circuit voltage by means of improving charge-selective contacts and charge carrier lifetimes in perovskites via processes such as ion tailoring. The challenges associated with long-term perovskite solar cell device stability include the role of testing protocols, ionic movement affecting performance metrics over extended periods of time, and determination of the best ways to counteract degradation mechanisms.

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Coriolano, Annalisa, Laura Polimeno, Milena De Giorgi, Francesco Todisco, Rosanna Mastria, Vincenzo Ardizzone, Lorenzo Dominici, et al. "Improved Photostability in Fluorinated 2D Perovskite Single Crystals." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020465.

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Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are very promising semiconductors for many optoelectronic applications, although their extensive use is limited by their poor stability under environmental conditions. In this work, we synthesize two-dimensional perovskite single crystals and investigate their optical and structural evolution under continuous light irradiation. We found that the hydrophobic nature of the fluorinated component, together with the absence of grain boundary defects, lead to improved material stability thanks to the creation of a robust barrier that preserve the crystalline structure, hindering photo-degradation processes usually promoted by oxygen and moisture.

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Zou, Yatao, Tian Wu, Fan Fu, Sai Bai, Lei Cai, Zhongcheng Yuan, Yajuan Li, et al. "Thermal-induced interface degradation in perovskite light-emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 43 (2020): 15079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03816d.

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The poor operational stability remains a key challenge in perovskite light-emitting diodes. In this work, we investigate the detrimental effects of thermal-induced interface degradation on the device performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes.

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Wang, Ke, Benjamin Ecker, and Yongli Gao. "Photoemission Studies on the Environmental Stability of Thermal Evaporated MAPbI3 Thin Films and MAPbBr3 Single Crystals." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14072005.

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Hybrid organic inorganic perovskites have been considered as a potential candidate for the next generational solar cell due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and rapid development in recent years. However, the biggest challenge to prevent them from massive commercial use is their long-term stability. Photoemission spectroscopy has been widely used to investigate properties of the perovskites, which provide critical insights to better understand the degradation mechanisms. In this article, we review mainly our photoemission studies on the degradation processes of perovskite thin films and single crystals with different environmental factors, such as gases, water, and light by monitoring changes of chemical composition and electronic structure. These studies on the effects by different environmental parameters are discussed for the understanding of the stability issues and the possible solutions.

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Ashurov, N., B. L. Oksengendler, S. E. Maksimov, S. Rashiodva, A. R. Ishteev, D. S. Saranin, I. N. Burmistrov, D. V. Kuznetsov, and A. A. Zakhisov. "Current state and perspectives for organo-halide perovskite solar cells: Crystal structures and thin film formation, morphology, processing, degradation, stability improvement by carbon nanotube." Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering 20, no. 3 (December 9, 2017): 153–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2017-3-153-193.

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The fundamental problems of the modern state of the studies of organic-inorganic organo-halide perovskites (OHP) as basis for high efficiency thin film solar cells are discussed. Perovskite varieties and background properties are introduced. The chronology of development of the studies in this direction has been presented — structural aspects of these OHP perovskites, from early 2D to recent 3D MAPbI3 perovskites and important technological aspects of smooth thin film structure creation by various techniques, such as solvent engineering, spin- and dip-coating, vacuum deposition, cation exchange approach, nanoimprinting (particularly, a many-sided role of polymers). The most important theoretical problems such as electronic structure of lattice, impurity and defect states in pure and mixed perovskites, suppressed electron-hole recombination, extra-long lifetimes, and diffusion lengths are analyzed. Degradation effects associated with moisture and photo irradiation, as well as degradation of metallic electrodes to OHP solar cells have been considered. The application of carbon nanostructures: carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene as stable semitransparent charge collectors to OHP perovskites is demonstrated on the example of original results of authors.

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Saris, Seryio, Valerie Niemann, Valeria Mantella, Anna Loiudice, and Raffaella Buonsanti. "Understanding the mechanism of metal-induced degradation in perovskite nanocrystals." Nanoscale 11, no. 41 (2019): 19543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr06328e.

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Iodide migration and leaching out of the perovskite towards the metal, forming metal iodides, is identified as the main driving force behind the interaction between these two nanocrystals, eventually leading to the degradation of the perovskite.

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Gąsiorowski, Marek, Shyantan Dasgupta, Leszek Bychto, Taimoor Ahmad, Piotr Szymak, Konrad Wojciechowski, and Aleksy Patryn. "Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cell Degradation over Time Using NIR Spectroscopy—A Novel Approach." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 5397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155397.

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In recent years, there has been a dynamic development of photovoltaic materials based on perovskite structures. Solar cells based on perovskite materials are characterised by a relatively high price/performance ratio. Achieving stability at elevated temperatures has remained one of the greatest challenges in the perovskite solar cell research community. However, significant progress in this field has been made by utilising different compositional engineering routes for the fabrication of perovskite semiconductors such as triple cation-based perovskite structures. In this work, a new approach for the rapid analysis of the changes occurring in time in perovskite structures was developed. We implemented a quick and inexpensive method of estimating the ageing of perovskite structures based on an express diagnosis of light reflection in the near-infrared region. The possibility of using optical reflectance in the NIR range (900–1700 nm) to observe the ageing of perovskite structures over time was investigated, and changes in optical reflectance spectra of original perovskite solar cell structures during one month after PSC production were monitored. The ratio of characteristic pikes in the reflection spectra was determined, and statistical analysis by the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) method was performed. This method allowed correctly detecting critical points in thermal ageing over time.

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Weiss, Leland, and Tyler Sonsalla. "Investigations of Fused Deposition Modeling for Perovskite Active Solar Cells." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020317.

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The advent of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM; or 3D printing) has significantly changed the way many products are designed and built. It has even opened opportunities to fabricate new products on-site and on-demand. In addition, parallel efforts that introduce new materials into the FDM process have seen great advances as well. New additives have been demonstrably utilized to achieve thermal, electrical, and structural property improvements. This combination of fabrication flexibility and material additives make FDM an ideal candidate for investigation of perovskite materials in new solar cell efforts. In this work, we fabricate and characterize a perovskite-based solar cell polymer designed for the FDM fabrication processes. Perovskite solar cells have garnered major research interest since their discovery in 2009. Perovskites, specifically methylammonium lead iodide, offer beneficial properties to solar cell fabrication such as long minority charge carrier distance, high light absorption, and simple fabrication methods. Despite the great potential of these materials, however, stability remains an issue in solar cell utilization as the material degrades under ultraviolet light, exposure to oxygen and water, as well as increased temperatures. To mitigate degradation, different fabrication methods have been utilized. Additionally, multiple groups have utilized encapsulation methods post-fabrication and in situ solution processed integration of polymer materials into the solar cell to prevent degradation. In this paper, we leverage the unique ability of FDM to encapsulate perovskite materials and yield a MAPbI3-PCL solar material as the active layer for solar cell use. In this manner, increased ability to resist UV light degradation and material stability from other environmental factors can be achieved. This study provides characterization of the material via multiple techniques like SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) as well as absorbance, transmittance, and photocurrent response. Investigations of processing on perovskite degradation as well as initial solar simulated response are recorded. Unique aspects of the resulting material and process are noted including improved performance with increased operating temperature. Increased electron–hole pair generation is observed for 200 μm FDM-printed PCL film, achieving a 45% reduction in resistance under peak incident flux of 590 W/m2 with the addition of MAPbl3. This work establishes insight into the use of FDM for full solar cell fabrication and points to the next steps of research and development in this growing field.

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WANG, JINFENG, BENGUANG ZHAO, LEI ZHU, and JIAN SONG. "THE ROLE OF Br AS DOPANT ON THE STRUCTURAL AND CHARGE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN CH3NH3PbI3−x−yBrxCly MIXED-HALIDE PEROVSKITE FOR HYBRID SOLAR CELLS." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 02 (February 2019): 1850137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18501378.

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A series of CH3NH3PbI[Formula: see text]BrxCly mixed-halide perovskite were fabricated as light harvesters for organic–inorganic planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This paper aimed at investigating the morphology and structural properties of Br doped mixed-halide perovskites and the influence on the corresponding photovoltaic performances. We found that Br incorporation in an I/Cl-based structure dramatically improved the charge transport within the perovskite layer. The average efficiency of the planar device was 13.6% with a minimal standard deviation of [Formula: see text] 1.53% and best efficiency as high as 15.13% was achieved. Moreover, the device showed superior stability over 20 days with little degradation [Formula: see text]9% when stored under ambient conditions, indicating the outstanding performances of planar heterojunction solar cells based on this material. The results highlight the crucial role of the Br doping on the performance of the PSCs and pave the way for further progress on this field.

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Li, Bo, Qilin Dai, Sining Yun, and Jianjun Tian. "Insights into iodoplumbate complex evolution of precursor solutions for perovskite solar cells: from aging to degradation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 11 (2021): 6732–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta12094d.

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The evolution of the characteristics of a perovskite precursor solution driven by its components, the aging effect, degradation effect, and humidity effect and their impact on the physical properties of perovskite films (and perovskite solar cell performance) is summarized.

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Armenise, Vincenza, Silvia Colella, Antonella Milella, Fabio Palumbo, Francesco Fracassi, and Andrea Listorti. "Plasma-Deposited Fluorocarbon Coatings on Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Films." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 4512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134512.

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Metal halide perovskites are excellent semiconductors materials that can be exploited in many fields, from the vastly explored photovoltaics to the recent applications in photocatalysis. One of the material’s known limitations is the poor resistance to moisture which induces degradation, triggered by the soft and defective nature of its surface. In this study, we explore non-equilibrium plasmas, to deposit a fluorocarbon polymer on the surface of a MAPbI3 film. We found that the treatment generally enhances the film stability over time, and in certain conditions it improves the perovskite optical properties, demonstrating to be a good strategy aiming defects passivation. Thanks to the solvent-free and non-invasive nature of plasmas, this technique has the potential to be extensively applied to a wide range of perovskite materials targeting different applications.

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Nie, Lingfang, Xiaoxing Ke, and Manling Sui. "Microstructural Study of Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Nanosheet Degradation under Illumination." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050722.

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Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have received substantial attention because of their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Although the applications of 2D perovskite nanosheets are promising in various optoelectronic devices, which all face harsh working conditions of light exposure, little is known about the photo-stability and degradation mechanisms of these 2D perovskite nanosheets. In this work, degradation of (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 (BA2PbBr4) nanosheets when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light and white light is explored. The morphology, optical properties, and microstructure of the nanosheets, under different conditions of light exposure, was studied in detail. UV light is more destructive compared to white light, which both led to a nanosheet breakdown. A combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and electron diffraction revealed that the organic moieties are most sensitive to light exposure and partial disorder toward complete disorder takes place during light exposure. Moreover, excessive light exposure further causes a [PbBr6]4− octahedron tilt and re-ordering within the perovskite structure. This study could enrich the understanding of 2D perovskite nanosheets and their photostability, offer a new perspective in interpreting the light–perovskite interaction, and further help the design of robust and light-tunable 2D perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.

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Javaid, Saqib, Chang Woo Myung, S. Pourasad, Bipul Rakshit, Kwang S. Kim, and Geunsik Lee. "A highly hydrophobic fluorographene-based system as an interlayer for electron transport in organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 38 (2018): 18635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05811c.

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37

Ozerova, Victoria V., Ivan S. Zhidkov, Aleksandra Boldyreva, Nadezhda N. Dremova, Nikita A. Emelianov, Gennady V. Shilov, Lyubov A. Frolova, et al. "Spectacular Enhancement of the Thermal and Photochemical Stability of MAPbI3 Perovskite Films Using Functionalized Tetraazaadamantane as a Molecular Modifier." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030669.

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Perovskite solar cells represent a highly promising third-generation photovoltaic technology. However, their practical implementation is hindered by low device operational stability, mostly related to facile degradation of the absorber materials under exposure to light and elevated temperatures. Improving the intrinsic stability of complex lead halides is a big scientific challenge, which might be addressed using various “molecular modifiers”. These modifiers are usually represented by some additives undergoing strong interactions with the perovskite absorber material, resulting in enhanced solar cell efficiency and/or operational stability. Herein, we present a derivative of 1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantane, NAdCl, as a promising molecular modifier for lead halide perovskites. NAdCl spectacularly improved both the thermal and photochemical stability of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films and, most importantly, prevented the formation of metallic lead Pb0 as a photolysis product. NAdCl improves the electronic quality of perovskite films by healing the traps for charge carriers. Furthermore, it strongly interacts with the perovskite framework and most likely stabilizes undercoordinated Pb2+ ions, which are responsible for Pb0 formation under light exposure. The obtained results feature 1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantane derivatives as highly promising molecular modifiers that might help to improve the operational lifetime of perovskite solar cells and facilitate the practical implementation of this photovoltaic technology.

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Zhidkov, Ivan S., Azat F. Akbulatov, Marina I. Ustinova, Andrey I. Kukharenko, Lyubov A. Frolova, Seif O. Cholakh, Chu-Chen Chueh, Pavel A. Troshin, and Ernst Z. Kurmaev. "Temperature Dependence of Photochemical Degradation of MAPbBr3 Perovskite." Coatings 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081066.

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The experimental results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorbance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of the core levels and valence bands of MAPbBr3 (MA-CH3NH3+) perovskite before and after exposure to visible light for 700 h at temperatures of 10 and 60 °C are presented. It reveals that the light soaking at 60 °C induces the decomposition of MAPbBr3 perovskite accompanied with the decay of organic cation and the release of a PbBr2 phase as a degradation product whereas the photochemical degradation completely disappears while the aging temperature is decreased to 10 °C.

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Berhe, Taame Abraha, Wei-Nien Su, Ching-Hsiang Chen, Chun-Jern Pan, Ju-Hsiang Cheng, Hung-Ming Chen, Meng-Che Tsai, Liang-Yih Chen, Amare Aregahegn Dubale, and Bing-Joe Hwang. "Organometal halide perovskite solar cells: degradation and stability." Energy & Environmental Science 9, no. 2 (2016): 323–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee02733k.

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Wu, Xiaomei, Xiaoxing Ke, and Manling Sui. "Recent progress on advanced transmission electron microscopy characterization for halide perovskite semiconductors." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 041106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/4/041106.

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Abstract Halide perovskites are strategically important in the field of energy materials. Along with the rapid development of the materials and related devices, there is an urgent need to understand the structure–property relationship from nanoscale to atomic scale. Much effort has been made in the past few years to overcome the difficulty of imaging limited by electron dose, and to further extend the investigation towards operando conditions. This review is dedicated to recent studies of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations for halide perovskites. The irradiation damage caused by the interaction of electron beams and perovskites under conventional imaging conditions are first summarized and discussed. Low-dose TEM is then discussed, including electron diffraction and emerging techniques for high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging. Atomic-resolution imaging, defects identification and chemical mapping on halide perovskites are reviewed. Cryo-TEM for halide perovskites is discussed, since it can readily suppress irradiation damage and has been rapidly developed in the past few years. Finally, the applications of in-situ TEM in the degradation study of perovskites under environmental conditions such as heating, biasing, light illumination and humidity are reviewed. More applications of emerging TEM characterizations are foreseen in the coming future, unveiling the structural origin of halide perovskite’s unique properties and degradation mechanism under operando conditions, so to assist the design of a more efficient and robust energy material.

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Wang, Congcong, Youzhen Li, Xuemei Xu, Benjamin Ecker, Chenggong Wang, and Yongli Gao. "Degradation of Co-Evaporated Perovskite Thin Films." MRS Advances 1, no. 14 (2016): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.61.

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ABSTRACTMethylammonium lead halide perovskites have been developed as highly promising materials to fabricate efficient solar cells in the past few years. We have investigated degradation of co-evaporated CH3NH3PbI3 films in ambient air, oxygen and water respectively using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), small angle x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CH3NH3PbI3 film has an excellent atomic ratio and crystallinity. XPS results indicate that the film is not sensitive to oxygen and dry air, while ambient and water exposures achieve similar effects. XRD further indicates a structural conversion to PbI2 and a drastic morphology change from smooth to rough is revealed by AFM and SEM. The experiment indicated that H2O plays a dominated role in the degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 films. The degradation can be characterized by almost complete removal of N, substantial reduction of I, residual of PbI2, C, O, and I compounds on the surface.

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Hintermayr, Verena A., Carola Lampe, Maximilian Löw, Janina Roemer, Willem Vanderlinden, Moritz Gramlich, Anton X. Böhm, et al. "Polymer Nanoreactors Shield Perovskite Nanocrystals from Degradation." Nano Letters 19, no. 8 (July 19, 2019): 4928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00982.

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43

Khadka, Dhruba B., Yasuhiro Shirai, Masatoshi Yanagida, and Kenjiro Miyano. "Degradation of encapsulated perovskite solar cells driven by deep trap states and interfacial deterioration." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 1 (2018): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc03733c.

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Sun, Shuang-Qiao, Man-Keung Fung, and Shuit-Tong Lee. "Photoelectron spectroscopic studies on metal halide perovskite materials." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 40, no. 6 (December 2022): 060801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001903.

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Modifications of the surface and interfacial properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have become pivotal strategies in designing high-performance photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. Particularly, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) plays a vital role in the advancement of MHP-based optoelectronic devices. Herein, we review the recent studies of PESs for perovskite devices. We first give an overview of the principles of PES and related techniques. Different properties of halide perovskite material unveiled by PES are then discussed, including elemental compositions, chemical states, electronic band structures, interfaces of MHPs and functional layers, ions distribution, and thermal- and moisture-induced degradation mechanism. We also revisit some of the issues when carrying out PES measurements on MHPs, such as irradiation and ambient effects and the uncertainty in determining band edge. Based on these findings, we foresee that PES techniques combined with advanced optical and electron microscopies will become increasingly important to correlate the molecular dynamics with the interfacial and chemical properties of MHP materials and devices.

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Rodrigues, Ana Sofia, Maria Estrela Melo Jorge, Lurdes Ciríaco, Maria José Pacheco, and Ana Lopes. "Perovskites (La,Ba)(Fe,Ti)O3: AO7 photocatalysis under visible light." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0012.

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AbstractPerovskites BaTiO3, La0.1Ba0.9TiO3 and BaFeO3 were prepared by different methods and utilized as photo-catalytic material for the degradation of the AO7 dye, with visible light. The toxicity of the treated solutions and the toxicity of perovskite powders that remained in suspension after centrifuged was assessed.Different catalytic properties were found by changing synthesis methods, annealing conditions, temperature of assay, initial concentration of pollutant and amount of perovskite in suspension. BaTiO3 was prepared by ceramic or complex polymerization methods. This perovskite presents cubic structure, and the preparation method do not seem to have any influence on the unit cell parameter. On the other hand, annealing temperature has a marked influence on the time needed to attain good crystallinity. In the case of BaFeO3 prepared by the ceramic method, for low annealing temperature there is the formation of tetragonal phase, which changes to hexagonal with the increase in annealing temperature, being a Ba2Fe2O5 monoclinic phase involved in this phase transition.Regarding AO7 photocatalytic degradation, the best results, with almost complete colour removal, were obtained with BaFeO3 (97%), prepared by ceramic method, and with BaTiO3 (78%), prepared by polymer complex method. Toxicity assays towards Daphnia magna were performed with AO7 25 ppm aqueous solution samples, collected in the centrifuged suspensions of the photocatalytic assays, performed with different perovskites, and samples collected in centrifuged suspensions of perovskite powders. In general, there is no increase in toxicity when compared to the toxicity of an AO7 25 ppm aqueous solution. Only in the photodegradation assay with BaFeO3 a clear increase in toxicity was observed, indicating that toxic by-products are being formed.

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Kojić, Vedran, Mario Bohač, Arijeta Bafti, Luka Pavić, Krešimir Salamon, Tihana Čižmar, Davor Gracin, et al. "Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Films with Polyvinylpyrrolidone Additive for Active Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells, Enhanced Stability and Electrical Conductivity." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 4594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164594.

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In this paper, we studied the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilization additive on optical and electrical properties of perovskite formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) polycrystalline thin films on ZnO nanorods (ZNR). FAPI (as an active layer) was deposited from a single solution on ZNR (low temperature processed electron transport layer) using a one-step method with the inclusion of an anti-solvent. The role of PVP in the formation of the active layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements to observe the effect on morphology, while X-ray diffraction was used as a method to study the stability of the film in an ambient environment. The effect of the PVP additive on the optical and electrical properties of the perovskite thin films was studied via photoluminescence, UV-Vis measurements, and electrical impedance spectroscopy. We have demonstrated that PVP inclusion in solution-processed perovskite FAPI thin films prevents the degradation of the film in an ambient atmosphere after aging for 2 months. The inclusion of the PVP also improves the infiltration of FAPI perovskite into ZnO nanostructures, increases electrical conductivity and radiative recombination of the photo-generated charge carriers. These results show promising information for promoting PVP stabilized FAPI perovskites for the new generation of photovoltaic devices.

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Kim, Minseong, Minji Yi, Woongsik Jang, Jung Kyu Kim, and Dong Hwan Wang. "Acidity Suppression of Hole Transport Layer via Solution Reaction of Neutral PEDOT:PSS for Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010129.

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is typically used for hole transport layers (HTLs), as it exhibits attractive mechanical, electrical properties, and easy processability. However, the intrinsically acidic property can degrade the crystallinity of perovskites, limiting the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, inverted CH3NH3PbI3 photovoltaic cells were fabricated with acidity suppressed HTL. We adjusted PEDOT:PSS via a solution reaction of acidic and neutral PEDOT:PSS. And we compared the various pH-controlled HTLs for PSCs devices. The smoothness of the pH-controlled PEDOT:PSS layer was similar to that of acidic PEDOT:PSS-based devices. These layers induced favorable crystallinity of perovskite compared with acidic PEDOT:PSS layers. Furthermore, the enhanced stability of pH optimized PEDOT:PSS-based devices, including the prevention of degradation by a strong acid, allowed the device to retain its power conversion efficiency (PCE) value by maintaining 80% of PCE for approximately 150 h. As a result, the pH-controlled HTL layer fabricated through the solution reaction maintained the surface morphology of the perovskite layer and contributed to the stable operation of PSCs.

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Qian, Jiadong, Marco Ernst, Nandi Wu, and Andrew Blakers. "Impact of perovskite solar cell degradation on the lifetime energy yield and economic viability of perovskite/silicon tandem modules." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 6 (2019): 1439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00143c.

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Perovskite/silicon two-junction tandem solar cells have achieved higher power conversion efficiency than silicon cells. However, the long-term performance of tandem modules strongly depends on the degradation of perovskite top cells.

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Qian, Jiadong, Marco Ernst, Nandi Wu, and Andrew Blakers. "Correction: Impact of perovskite solar cell degradation on the lifetime energy yield and economic viability of perovskite/silicon tandem modules." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 1 (2020): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se90063b.

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Correction for ‘Impact of perovskite solar cell degradation on the lifetime energy yield and economic viability of perovskite/silicon tandem modules’ by Jiadong Qian et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2019, 3, 1439–1447.

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Wei, Yan, Yanqiu Leng, Rongyao Wang, Xiaohua Ren, and Weilin Guo. "Peroxydisulfate activation by LaNiO3 nanoparticles with different morphologies for the degradation of organic pollutants." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 1 (November 24, 2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.504.

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Abstract A series of LaNiO3 perovskite nanoparticles with different morphologies, such as spheres, rods and cubes, were prepared through co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, and used as the catalysts for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. The physical and chemical characterization of LaNiO3 perovskites was performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen isotherm absorption (BET), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The LaNiO3 with different shapes showed different activities in Acid Orange 7 (AO7) degradation. Sphere-like LaNiO3 exhibited the highest catalytic activity, which is probably due to the largest specific surface area, higher proportion of reductive Ni2+ and the higher electron transfer ability. The radical scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) revealed the production of massive sulfate radicals (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) during the oxidation. Finally, the possible mechanisms of PDS activation and AO7 degradation were proposed. The prepared LaNiO3 perovskites also showed excellent reusability and stability.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Perovskite degradation'

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