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Shuhy, Joseph L. "Does Matthew 19:9 permit divorce?" Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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Prasad, Rajesh 1966. "Pavement permit system infrastructure : UML based design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84297.
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Almula, Wael A. "Improving the Business Permit Systems in Saudi Arabia." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2016. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/357.
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Business Permit System is known as an inefficient system because it is purely bureaucratic and the transactions take an inordinate amount of time to complete. Currently, there is a 3 week minimum time frame which is causing losses to both traders and citizens. It takes at least one week of tracking for every office and then approximately one month in order to get the permit. In fact, this system in Saudi Arabia is considered to be quite a primitive bureaucratic system that has not been changed for decades. The current business permit system is outdated and wastes both money and precious time. Many trips to various government offices are now required to follow the permit through its application process. Business' headquarters are usually located in the main cities. These headquarter offices send their delegates to follow-up their permit procedures which are located in small cities. They pay unnecessary additional expenses for their representatives such as hotel, transportation, and food costs. The system also increases the number of commuters to the city. Traffic jams, car accidents and even deaths may be the unintended consequences. The customers waste copious amounts of fuel and time tracking the pennit applications, while the Government spends millions of Saudi riyals in a fuel anti-consumption program. From the above we could say the current permit system contributes to delaying the citizen and increasing his costs. By using ever increasing amounts of gasoline, the Saudi economy and environment are harmed in many ways. Also, the system contributes to the transportation issues The inspectors have a serious issue with the current system. While they are inspecting the business site, they waste a lot of time by driving long distances. They waste time by driving from the office to the business site and from the business site to other business site in order to inspect them. This affects the inspector's health and shortens the life of the car which used by the inspectors. Also, that leads to increased car expenses such as fuel, car oil and maintenance.
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Crim, Matthew. "Probablistic assessment of bridge loading concurrent with permit vehicles." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010557.
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Godby, Robert William. "The effect of market power in emission permit markets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0011/NQ30139.pdf.
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Wells, Marion Elizabeth. "FOUR DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING PROJECTS IN OHIO:THE SIMILARITY OF STREAM AND WETLAND ASSESSMENTS AND DIFFERENCES IN REGULATIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375793101.
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Sterelyukhin, Alex. "Quantitative analysis of quota trading behaviour at the end of the quota year." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2644.
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The Canadian supply management system offers some lessons for the design of a domestic permit trading system. One of the objectives of the domestic trading system is minimizing costs and maximizing the system's efficiency for participants and system administrators. This paper suggests that a permit trading system designed with a longer permit period and without a grace period can be more efficient than a system designed with a shorter permit period and a grace period for compliance. This study is based on Canadian Supply Management System experience and examines the Canadian dairy industry, where two different schemes (monthly and annual) have been used. Under the annual scheme, a strong compliance mechanism stimulates participants to exchange quotas during the dairy year (permit period) and does not require burdensome, non-compliance procedures after the permit period ends. The monthly scheme is characterized by a short permit period and a grace period for compliance. This study examines how these two schemes affect participants' behavior on the quota exchange. The empirical results show evidence of the influence of different schemes on farmers' behaviours regarding the quota exchange. As a conclusion, the paper recommends the use of a permit trading mechanism with a longer permit period and without a grace period for the design of a carbon trading system. The results support Barichello (2002), who developed the Canadian domestic permit trading scheme on the basis of receiving an offset from agricultural soil carbon sinks.
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Djioui, Zakaria, and Ravand Mizori. "Hur får man sökande att skicka in kompletta bygglovshandlingar." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74946.
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När man ska bygga något nytt, ändra en byggnad eller riva en byggnad behövs ett bygglov från kommunen där åtgärden ska utföras. Örebro kommun har sett att majoriteten av enklare bygglovsärenden behöver kompletteras innan de kan beviljas. Detta medför en förlängd bygglovsprocess i väntan på en komplett bygglovsansökan. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka de underliggande faktorerna som medför att personer som söker bygglov inte skickar in kompletta bygglovshandlingar samt att hitta lösningar på dessa. En enkätundersökning har genomförts för att undersöka vad bygglovssökare i Örebro kommun upplevde var bra respektive dåligt med deras ärende och bygglovsprocess. Det genomfördes även en granskning på kommunens hemsida för bygglov i syfte att försöka förbättra den och hitta faktorer som leder till att bygglovssökare inte skickar in kompletta handlingar. Denna rapport avgränsar sig till privatpersoner som fått komplettera sin bygglovsansökan innan de fått ett beviljat bygglov mellan sommaren 2018 och våren 2019 i Örebro kommun. Bygglovstyperna som undersökts är nybyggnad av komplementbyggnad, tillbyggnad av komplementbyggnad samt tillbyggnad av enbostadshus. Resultat visar att kontrollplanen som är nödvändig för en ansökan ofta är bristfällig jämfört med andra handlingar. De som sökt bygglov menar att den är svår att förstå och information om kontrollplanen som hittas på Örebro kommuns hemsida inte är tillräckligt tydlig. Det visar sig också att hälften av respondenterna i enkäten som gjorts är positivt inställda till en kort informationsfilm på Örebro kommuns hemsida där det förklaras vad som ska skickas in samt hur handlingarna ska se ut. Kontrollplanen visade sig vara problematisk för personer som sökt bygglov. De tyckte att det fanns en osäkerhet gällande om den skulle skickas med, vad för punkter som ska finnas med i kontrollplanen för respektive ansökan samt vad punkterna man kontrollerar mot betyder. En åtgärd som kan förbättra detta problem är att tydligt på Örebro kommuns hemsida informera att en kontrollplan måste skickas in med en ansökan samt vad för konsekvenser en ej komplett ansökan får. Konsekvensen är en förlängd bygglovsprocess i väntan på en komplett bygglovsansökan. Man kan också på Örebro kommuns hemsida tydligt förklara vad varje kontrollpunkt i kontrollplanen som ska med betyder. Det Örebro kommun också kan tänka på är att minska mängden text som finns på bygglovssidorna. Detta för att personer som söker bygglov ska se en kort och koncist förklaring på vad för handlingar som ska skickas in för att underlätta för dem. Örebro kommun bör också visa exempel på kontrollplaner i exempelritningar som finns på Örebro kommuns hemsida för att sökande på ett enkelt sätt ska kunna se vilka handlingar som ska skickas in.When you want to build something new, reconstruct a building or demolish a building, a building permit is needed from the municipality. Örebro municipality has seen that a majority of building permit cases needs to be supplemented before they can be approved. This results in an extended building permit process. The purpose of this report is to examine the underlying factors that leads to people seeking building permits do not submit complete. A survey has been carried out to investigate what people applying for building permits in Örebro municipality experienced was good and bad with their case regarding the building permit process. An inspection was also carried out on the municipality's website for building permits to find reasons why people applying for building permits do not submit complete documents. This report is limited to individuals who have supplemented their building permit application before receiving a granted building permit between summer 2018 and spring 2019 in Örebro municipality. The building permits that were investigated are of simpler cases. Results show that the control plan is often inadequate compared to other documents. Those who have applied for a building permit mean that it is difficult to understand the information in the control plan found on the Örebro municipality's website and that the information is not sufficiently clear. It also turns out that half of the respondents in the survey have been positively set towards a short information film on the Örebro municipality's website. The information film would explain what type of documents that should be submitted and how the documents should look. The control plan proved to be problematic for people who applied for a building permit. They felt that there was an uncertainty regarding the control plan whether it should be sent in with the apply for building permits. They also felt an uncertainty regarding what type of control points should be included in the control plan for each application and what the controls you check against means. An action that can solve this problem is to clearly inform on Örebro municipality's website that a control plan must be submitted with an application and what consequence a non-complete application results in. The consequence is an extended building permit process pending a complete building permit application. Örebro can also clearly explain on their website what each control point in the control plan means. What the Örebro municipality also can think about is to reduce the amount of text that is on the building permit webpages. This is because people who apply for a building permit should see a brief and concise explanation of what documents should be submitted in order to facilitate them. Örebro municipality should also have examples of control plans in the example documents that are available on the website, in order for applicants to easily see which documents that should be submitted.
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Gezelius, Sofie. "Building permit Norrköping´s municipality - Improvement of the municipal website." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93553.
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The building permits department in Norrköping’s municipality has for a long time wanted to improve their part of the municipal website. The employees feel like a lot of people are calling to ask similar questions and that documents from applicants often are incorrect and have to be completed. The local housing and environmental protection committee, has in addition been giving directive to the building permits department, to increase the information and possibilities to advice through the municipal website. This report describes the development of the new website, with a focus on designing new information about buildings permit and permit that the construction of the building is approved. Except from designing new information, this project also has contained creating drawing examples. It should be possible to download these from the new website and use them in the process of making your own drawings. There is a lot of information that should be communicated to the person who is going to seek planning permission or permission for the construction of the building. Buildings permit and permit for the construction are almost always needed before a construction work starts. This is needed to promote a good and sustainable development of the environment in the society. At the building permit review the authorities check that the planned action fulfil the laws in society regarding location and design. If the application isn’t against the law a written permission is handed to the applicant – a buildings permit. The technical parts also have to be checked by the authorities before you can start to build. That’s why you, at least three weeks before the construction work starts, also must seek permit for the construction of the building.glovverksamheten i Norrköpings kommun har under en längre period önskat förbättra sin del av den kommunala hemsidan. De anställda upplever att allmänheten ringer och ställer liknande frågor, samt att handlingar från sökanden ofta är felaktiga och måste kompletteras. Byggnads- och miljöskyddsnämnden har dessutom gett direktiv till bygglovverksamheten att öka möjligheterna till information och rådgivning via kommunens hemsida. Den här rapporten beskriver framtagandet av den nya hemsidan, med fokus på utformning av ny information om bygglov och bygganmälan. Förutom framställande av ny information, har projektet dessutom innefattat upprättande av exempelritningar. Dessa ska kunna laddas ner från den nya hemsidan och användas vid framställningen av egna ritningar. Det finns mycket information som bör delges till den som ska söka bygglov eller göra en bygganmälan. Bygglov och bygganmälan krävs nästan alltid innan en byggnation påbörjas och behövs för att främja en god samt långsiktigt hållbar utveckling av livsmiljön i samhället. Vid en bygglovprövning kontrolleras att den planerade åtgärden uppfyller samhällets krav på placering och utformning. Om så är fallet ges ett skriftligt tillstånd att åtgärden får genomföras ut – ett bygglov. De tekniska egenskaperna måste också kontrolleras innan en byggnation får påbörjas. Det sker genom att den som önskar utföra byggnadsåtgärden måste lämna in en bygganmälan senast tre veckor före byggstarten.
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Dmytruk, Orysia Iryna Natalka. "An evaluation of the industrial development permit process in Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23280.pdf.
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Smith, James Fielding. "Decentralization: a case study in state wastewater discharge permit programming." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81027.
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Using the state agencies that regulate wastewater discharges to surface waters, this quantitative study examined the validity of three theories about the effects of decentralization on organizational outcomes. It also used qualitative analysis to probe the internal adjustments to optimize outcomes. Theoretical advantages to decentralized organizations can be summarized as greater effectiveness or greater efficiency. Effectiveness here is the rate of compliance with legal and permit requirements for dischargers adjusted for enforcement actions.
The model used consists of decentralization independent variables, exogenous independent variables (e.g., population, funding), efficiency dependent variables, and compliance (or effectiveness) dependent variables. Model calibration applied principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis to questionnaire and other data for FY93 from 39 states. Key intervening variables -- information costs, innovation, and strategic planning -- characteristic of the theoretical effects of decentralization received special attention. Case studies based on interviews and document studies in five states illustrate key points. The large survey sample (78%) of the 50 states reduced threats to external validity.
A significant relationship to decentralization was found for major permit processing time and percentage of expired permits. When controlled for exogenous variables, no compliance common factor related to decentralization, but medium-term compliance unit-cost did. Time is essential to all compliance common factors. Innovation, information cost, and strategic planning were not found to be intervening variables. Highly decentralized states were found to be trending towards increased centralization, and vice versa. All states make internal adjustments to optimize their programs, and some adjustments are powerful enough to make highly dissimilar organizations converge; strong basin planning is one such adjustment.
Neither decentralization nor centralization is automatically the best way to organize a complex system. Devolution, where transfer of functions goes with significant delegation of authority to autonomous local units, would probably give superior environmental, economic, and administrative outcomes over a uniform approach.Ph. D.
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Chilvers, Ian Michael. "11kV cable protection to permit an increase in distributed generation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595837.
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The UK government have set ambitious targets for future energy supply from renewable energy schemes and combined heating and power plants. In order to meet these targets a large amount of distributed generation is expected to be connected to medium voltage distribution networks. The connection of large quantities of distributed generation causes technical problems with existing medium voltage feeder protection schemes. These problems can limit the installed capacity of distributed generation. This work concentrates on the development of an 11kV cable protection scheme in order to minimise or remove the problems with existing cable protection schemes. In the UK, faults on 11kV cable circuits contribute significantly to the total number of customer interruptions. The development of 11kV cable protection can minimise the number of these customer interruptions. This work begins with studies to determine the types of problems encountered with existing 11kV cable protection schemes when distributed generation is connected directly to the 11KV circuit. Based on the results of these studies, the investigation of an 11kV cable protection scheme using distance relays is carried out. In the UK, voltage transformers and communication schemes are seldom installed at 11/0.433 kV distribution substations. The distance relay voltage is measured at the secondary winding of the local 11/0.433 kV distribution transformer, avoiding the cost of installing a voltage transformer at the distribution substation. The performance of the distance scheme is then studied using an electromagnetic transient simulation package. The feasibility and benefits of the new protection scheme are then discussed.
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Kettler, Ronnye Edwin. "School district teaching permit : its intent, its use, and its implications /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Qi, Changxin 1965. "Enabling technologies for a web-based urban street construction permit system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8617.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-88).
This thesis is focused on the enabling technologies for a web-based urban street construction permit system. The web-based application system can automatically verify the various constraints, issue the permit if the constraints are met, notify the relevant persons of the issuance of the permit, update the pavement status for the affected street and prepare the billing report for further processing with the existing billing system. The web-based permit system is divided into two sub-systems: External System and Internal System. The external system is used by contractor/utility companies for permit application, and the internal system is used solely by authorized internal users for maintenance of the system or permit application on behalf of contractor/utility companies when there is such a necessity. These two sub-systems share the same underlying database system. In order to develop this web-based permit system, the following J2EE technologies have been used: Enterprise JavaBeans, JavaServer Pages, Servlet and JDBC API. Other J2EE technologies such as Transaction, JNDI and XML are also discussed where appropriate. The following development environments to support these technologies are also presented in this thesis: Red Hat Linux 7.0, Java 2 Platform, Tomcat Server 3.2.1, Database MySQL 2.1.4, and JDBC Driver 2.0.4 for MySQL. As an example, Arlington permit system was used to demonstrate the design of an Entity- Relationship model, and an Enterprise JavaBeans application.
by Changxin Qi.
M.Eng.
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Miani, Paola Ferreira. "Concession and permit forest policy reform for the Colombian Pacific coast." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36618.
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Aguilar, Marcus F. "Leveraging Technology to Add Value to a Phase II NPDES Permit." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50930.
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In 1999, Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System engaged operators of small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4) in the control of runoff from urban areas. The complex task of urban runoff mitigation has been investigated for several decades, resulting in a large variety of available computing and measurement tools for urban stormwater management. Unfortunately, these tools may not be available to the MS4 operator in a format that is both concise, and directly applicable. To address this need, this thesis recommends stormwater model creation and refinement strategies for Phase II MS4s using GIS and Python scripting. Further recommendations on using a popular discharge measurement technique for model calibration are provided. This workflow is then demonstrated in a watershed in Blacksburg, Virginia, where a unique MS4 permitting partnership allowed the development of these tools. Finally, further improvements to the workflow are suggested along with ideas for additional research for stormwater management in Phase II MS4s.Master of Science
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Braun, Nathan Eric. "Accounting for permit price differentials in the European Union emissions trading system." Thesis, Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/braun/BraunN1211.pdf.
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Since 2005, industrial installations regulated by the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) have been required to surrender a permit for every ton of CO₂ they emit. In addition to the standard EU ETS permit - the European Union Allowance (EUA) - installations are allowed to surrender limited numbers of offsets. Offsets currently trade at a discount relative to EUAs. While it is well known that an offset limit theoretically results in a permit price differential, the current offset limit is not binding in aggregate. This thesis reconciles this nonbinding offset limit with the EUA - offset price differential. It is shown how such a limit can cause a price differential by binding for individual installations even when it is not binding in aggregate. At the same time it is shown how, under certain circumstances, barriers to entry in the offset market result in two types of behavior: installations either use offsets up to what they believe is their cap or forego them entirely. This appears consistent with empirical EU ETS behavior. Results suggest navigating the regulatory process makes up a significant portion of these barriers to entry.
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See, Wee Chiang. "Carbon permit prices in the European emissions trading system : a stochastic analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32293.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-80).
The Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) is a cornerstone for European efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and in its test phase will operate from 2005-2007. It is a cap-and-trade system where an aggregate cap on emissions is set by the respective government agencies to define the total number of emissions allowances. Each allowance gives the owner the right to emit one unit (usually one ton) of emissions. Covered establishments that exceeded the limits may buy emissions credits from entities with allowances they do not need to use themselves. One key feature of this system is that the amount of emissions is capped whereas the permit prices are uncertain. These permit prices are determined by economic conditions, generally, stronger economic growth means a higher permit price. The objective of this thesis is to understand uncertainty in permit prices under the system, by determining the likelihood that permit prices will fall within a given range. This is accomplished through stochastic analysis simulation of a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy with country-level detail most of the key members of the original 15 member EU plus the 10 accession countries. Economic parameters treated as stochastic in the simulations were labor productivity growth, share of new capital vintaged, the rate of autonomous energy efficiency improvement, the elasticity of substitution between energy and non-energy composites, and oil/gas prices. Information on the likely range of future permit prices will allow operators of covered establishments to decide on the extent to which they should buy permits or invest in emissions reduction technologies possible reducing emissions below their cap, allowing them to sell allowances.
(cont.) While some abatement activities may involve only changes in operation and management of facilities, other may involve longer-term investment. These abatement decisions boil down to basic investment problems. How should entities affected by the ETS plan their investment policies, such that they can minimize costs? To answer this question firms need an estimate of likely future permit prices. Results were that a zero carbon price occurred with a probability of 28-48% across variants of the Monte Carlo simulations. The mean value for the carbon prices was about $0.40 per ton of carbon, and the maximum price across the variants ranged from about $3.50 to somewhat over $6.00 per ton carbon. The implication for firms is that costly abatement investments appear difficult to justify, except to the extent that firm's are looking beyond the ETS period when carbon permit prices would rise further.
by Wee Chiang See (Kelvin)
S.M.
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Nanukuttan, Sreejith V. "Development of a new test protocol for the permit ion migration test." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2007. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-a-new-test-protocol-for-the-permit-ion-migration-test(1c6008d6-3dba-4249-8a11-08e6a61fd295).html.
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Chloride induced corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the most common reasons for the deterioration of reinforced concrete in both marine and transportation structures. In order to assess the chloride penetration resistance of concrete, the common practice is to remove cores from the structure and test them in a laboratory to determine the chloride diffusion coefficient using the steady state diffusion test. This test is not popular due to its long test duration to achieve a steady state of flow of chlorides through the test specimen, which is used to calculate the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, applied voltage tests (known as migration tests) have become quite common, in which the transport of chlorides ions through the test specimens is accelerated by applying a potential difference across them. The measurements during either the non-steady state condition or the steady state condition are used to calculate a chloride migration coefficient, which has been reported to correlate well with the corresponding coefficient from the diffusion based tests. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete can also be predicted more rapidly using other indirect methods, such as the electrical resistivity test. By following the principle of the migration test, a new in situ migration test (called the Permit ion migration test) was developed at Queen's University Belfast in the late 90s. The validity of this test was established for concretes containing normal Portland cement, by comparing the in situ migration coefficient with both the coefficient of diffusion (from both steady state and non-steady state diffusion tests) and the migration coefficient from the steady state migration test. However, it was considered to be necessary to broaden its applicability for testing concretes containing supplementary cementitious materials, by repeating the validation study on concretes containing such materials. Furthermore, there was a need to redesign the apparatus to make it more reliable and user-friendly for site applications. Therefore, a detailed investigation was carried out, initially as part of a European Round Robin Test programme (viz. EU FP5 Growth Programme - Chlortest) to identify the most reliable laboratory-based methods for assessing the chloride diffusivity of concretes which are commonly used in practice. This was followed by a detailed laboratory study on concretes containing supplementary cementitious materials, such as microsilica (ms), pulverised fuel ash (pfa) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs), in addition to normal Portland cement (ope) as a control. In this investigation, not only the tests identified in the initial investigation were used, but also were additional tests such as the new Permit ion migration test and the Wenner four probe resistivity test. The results from these investigations were used to establish the validity of the Permit ion migration test for testing concretes containing supplementary cementitious materials and to improve its test protocol. As part of the Chlortest programme, a non-steady state diffusion test (to act as a reference method), a non-steady state migration test, a steady state migration test and a resistivity test were selected and a comparative (reliability) study was carried out using concretes, manufactured by four different EU countries, containing ope, pfa,ggbs and ms as binders. The results indicated that both the non-steady state migration test and the bulk resistivity test are the most reliable tests in assessing the chloride diffusivity of these. The results from the steady state migration test were found to be affected by the use of a thickness of the test sample less than the maximum size of the coarse aggregate. In the validation study that was carried out using the Permit ion migration test, the insitu migration coefficient correlated well with the non-steady state migration coefficient, the steady state migration coefficient and the bulk resistivity for a range of concrete mixes containing different types of binders, such as ope, ms, pfa andggbs. For the determination of the onset of the steady state condition and the estimation of the steady state chloride flux, it was found that the conductivity of the anolyte could effectively be used, which in turn could eliminate the need for sampling chloride solutions from the anolyte periodically. Further, there existed an excellent degree of correlation between the peak current and the steady state migration coefficient from both the steady state migration test and the Permit ion migration test, which indicated that the former could be used to predict the latter, with much lesser effort and complexity of the test protocol. On the basis of the findings from both sets of investigation, a new test protocol was developed for the Permit ion migration test and the Permit was redesigned. The new test protocol used conductivity of the anolyte instead of the chloride concentration to identify the onset of the steady state condition and there is the option to calculate the chloride migration coefficient from either the peak current or the steady state of chloride flux. The new Permit was designed to work as a stand-alone instrument onsite, with little interference from the operation once the test had been started, but at any stage a computer could be connected to view the progress of the test.
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Davis, Leisha DeHart. "Environmental permit application costs : the role of red tape, subcontracting, experience and communications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30769.
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Calleman, Catharina. "Cultural exchange or cheap domestic labour : constructions of "au pair" in four Nordic countries." Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71284.
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Black, Derrick Davidson. "Management of safety - a systems engineering approach." Thesis, Ulster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490744.
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In delivering Safety in systems it is not only essential to ensure that each part of the system is safe but that account is taken of the interrelationship between the components of the system and the relationship with its environment. When viewed from a System Engineering perspective safety is often "pigeon-holed" into non-functional aspects, while, when viewed from the standpoint of Engineering Management it is considered in terms of organisational culture. In reality, both views must be considered.
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Flink, Cecilia, and Petranka Grozdeva. "Intimate partner violence against immigrant women with temporary residence permit : -Interviews with professionals." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21096.
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The aim of this study was to explore the situation of immigrant women with temporary residence permit who face intimate partner violence and are living in Mid-Sweden. The study had a qualitative approach and four professionals with experience in meeting this group were interviewed using semi-structured questions. The sample consisted of respondents from social services, a women’s shelter, a NGO and a law firm. Findings show that due to controlling behavior by their partners the women are often isolated from society. Economical violence is explained as frequently occurring. Furthermore, the findings show that having a temporary residence permit makes it difficult to leave the abusive relationship, since it is connected to the risk of deportation. According to the respondents the women experience fear and worries related to their legal status. Moreover, the help available for them include supporting conversations, protected living and legal guidance. The findings indicate that for the women’s situation to be improved they need to gain information on their rights.
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Crespy, Clément. "Eoliennes et paysages : recherche sur les critères jurisprudentiels de l'insertion paysagère des éoliennes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10023.
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Appréhender la question de l'insertion paysagère des éoliennes suppose la détermination préalable des objets juridiques étudiés. Sous les hospices de la notion de « patrimoine commun de la nation », éoliennes et paysages apparaissent ainsi comme des sœurs ennemies. Cette conflictualité est consommée lorsque l'article L. 110-1 du Code de l'environnement dispose que la protection des paysages est d'intérêt général autant que l'est la mise en valeur des ressources naturelles. L'antagonisme postulé des deux notions doit cependant être nuancé en ce que le juge administratif tient le rôle d'arbitre dans les conflits nés de ce que les préoccupations paysagères viennent limiter l'implantation des constructions éoliennes. Alors que ce rapport de force s'apprête à gagner le contentieux spécial des installations classées, le contentieux des permis de construire éolien a été le terrain fertile et propice de l'émergence d'une démarche objective orientant l'appréciation qualitative et donc a priori subjective de l'atteinte aux paysages. Le contentieux des permis de construire éolien a également rendu possible le dépassement du contrôle de l'atteinte aux paysages que la doctrine présente classiquement comme un contrôle dissymétrique, par la formalisation d'un contrôle du bilan paysager des constructions éoliennes pouvant symboliser l'armistice de cet affrontement infécondIn order to understand the legal bond between wind turbines and landscapes, preliminary elements must be understood. Regarding the legal concept of a « common national heritage », wind turbines and landscapes appear to be two enemy sisters. The conflict emerges when the Environmental Code presents both landscape protection and natural resource development within general interest. The two antagonising notions have to be refined, as the administrative judge appears to be an adjudicator between landscape protection and wind turbine implementation. Whilst the wind turbine landscape sensitivity question is about to integrate the litigation for Classified Installations for the Protection of the Environment, building permits litigation provides the basis for defining an objective method for the subjective definition of damage to the landscape. Using a litigation concerning building permits, a new method of landscape damage assessment has been drafted. Thus, a fine line balancing landscaping can be considered as the end of the war but not necessarily a victory in this meaningless standoff
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Umeda, K., and J. Murrieta. "Proclaim® Insecticde Efficacy Against Cabbage Looper in Broccoli Experimental Use Permit Field Study." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221639.
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Proclaim® insecticide (emamectin benzoate, MK -244, Merck Research Laboratories) was applied two times during the broccoli growing season for lepidoperous insect control. The primary pest was cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni CL) and very few beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua). After the second application at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment (WAT), Proclaim reduced the number of CL in the broccoli relative to the untreated check. The number of large larvae observed in the Proclaim treated broccoli was one-half of that found in the untreated broccoli. Proclaim efficacy to reduce CL was comparable to the standard treatment of Larvin® (thiodicarb) plus Asana® (esfenvalerate). At harvest, the Proclaim treated broccoli had 20% infested crowns compared to 28% for the standard treatment and 44% in the untreated.
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Vogelsang, Kevin G. "Nonpoint pollution discharge permit testing and control strategies at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island." Thesis, Springfield, Virginia: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28401.
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Tsai, Helen Jeng-Chyi. "Comprehensive permit process under the local initiatives program : the experiences of five development projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70217.
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Ohlson, John. "Broadening Horizons : The FMECA-NETEP model, offshore wind farms and the permit application process." Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28745.
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Abstract The permit application process for offshore wind farms (OWF) in Sweden conceivably requires a comprehensive and transparent complement within risk management. The NETEP framework (covering risks concerning navigation, economics, technology, environment and politics), based on a futures planning mechanism (STEEP) has consequently been brought forward as a structure for the application of FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) methodology to the permit application process of the Swedish offshore wind farm sector. FMECA, originating from the aeronautical and automobile industries, presents a systematic method for the prediction of future failure in a product, part or process, to evaluate the consequences of that failure and to suggest possible measures for its mitigation or eradication. Its application to attitude and acceptance, safety and environmental effect remains, however, limited which creates the research gap for this thesis. Three Swedish offshore wind farm (OWF) projects in the Baltic Sea area (Lillgrund, Taggen and Trolleboda) were put forward as case studies for use in the evaluation of the proposed FMECA-NETEP methodology, which was approached in two stages. The first evaluation stage results showed that the model accommodates the precautionary principle, the consideration of stakeholder viewpoints, the mitigation of negative effects, the analysis of alternative sites, the observation of relevant legislation and the utilisation of contemporary research. In the subsequent stage of evaluation, the factor for incorporation into the adapted model was intra- and inter-sector cumulative impact. Results showed that positive cumulative impact cannot be illustrated by the model whereas neutral and negative cumulative impact can. The model’s added value is that it facilitates decision making by providing a rigorous, transparent and structured methodology, the holistic approach of which provides a sound basis for the incorporation of contemporary research.
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Lamy-Willing, Sébastien. "La constructibilité des propriétés foncières : entre la règle et le contrat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1033/document.
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Le droit de l’urbanisme s’articule principalement autour de l’acte de construire. Se pose alors la question fondamentale de la nature juridique du droit de construire. Bien qu’attaché au droit de propriété, celui-ci n’en demeure pas moins défini par des règles d’urbanisme, et s’exerce dans les limites des servitudes administratives et contractuelles. Selon la structure foncière sur lequel est envisagé un projet de construction et le mode opérationnel adopté pour ce faire, le droit de construire, quantifié en surface de plancher, peut être modulé, majoré, ou privatisé. Alors que les pouvoirs publics ont engagé depuis une quinzaine d’années une politique en faveur de la densification, ayant donné lieu à d’importantes réformes du code de l’urbanisme, une réflexion de fond s’impose afin de donner davantage de cohérence et de simplicité à un droit initialement conçu comme une police spéciale de l'occupation et de l'utilisation du sol, et qui ne cesse de se complexifierUrban planning law mainly revolves around the action of building. This leads us to fundamentally question the legal nature/ status of the right to build. Even though the right to build is a property one, it is also defined by urban planning regulations and is subject to administrative and contractual limitations of easements. According to the land property structure, the right to build, quantified in floor area, can be modified, increased or privatized.While public authorities have engaged in the last 15 years into policies favoring densification, that resulted in major reforms of the urban planning code, a more in depth reflection remains necessary to bring more coherence and simplicity to the code, that had been initially conceived as a “special police” for land cover and use, and that is growing to become more and more complex
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Stråhle, Mattias, and Nina Olofsson. "Buller i bostäder : Projektering av bostäder med hänsyn till trafikbuller." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-31052.
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Många av Sveriges kommuner vill förtäta sina städer med bostäder och lokaler för att bygga ett mer hållbart samhälle. Ambitionenär att kunna fylla de luckor som finns i stadsbilden och använda stadsmark som tidigare inte är bebyggd för bostadsbyggnation. Examensarbetet behandlar de problem som trafikbullret genererar och som måste hanteras vid projektering av nybyggnation, samt undersöker de krav och regler som styr den tekniska utformningen och planlösningen av bostäder med hänsyn till trafikbuller. När Skanska tidigare har projekterat bostäder i stadskärnan har man upplevt problem med att få bygglov när den föreslagna planlösningen har sovrum mot bullrig sida. Fokus ligger på de krav och råd som styr placering av sovrum och försöker hitta lösningar som gör det möjligt att få bygglov med placering av sovrum mot bullrig sida. För att finna en lösning på problemet har vi undersökt följande: Lagar och regler så som PBL, PBF, BBR och Boverkets allmänna råd. Hur Örebro kommun tillämpar reglerna och de allmänna råden. Om olika kommuner i landethar olika tillämpningar av Boverketsregler ochallmänna råd. Marknadsundersökning av befintliga väggkonstruktioner och fönster för att se om det finns tekniska lösningar som ger en tillräcklig ljuddämpning för att uppfylla ljudkraven i BBR. Om det finns någon praktiskt användbar skillnad på ljudstyrkan vid fasad för olika våningsplan i byggnader.Many of the Swedish municipality’s wants to increase the density of housing and commercial buildings in the city. The ambition is to fill gaps and use vacant lots that have not previously been built upon.The paper deals with the problems that traffic noise creates and that has to be addressed when planning new apartments. It also investigates the regulations that governs the technical design and plan of apartments with regard to traffic noise. Skanska have previously experienced difficulties with getting building permits approved if the plan incorporated bedrooms facing towards the traffic noise.The focus is on regulationsand general advice that governs the locations of bedrooms and tries to find solutions that makes it possible to get building permit with bedroom facing the noisy side. To find a solution to the problem we have examined the following: Laws and regulations like PBL, PBF, BBR and Boverkets general advice. How Örebromunicipalityapplies regulations and general advice. If different municipalities in Sweden applies regulations andgeneral advice in the same manor. Examinationof the sound-absorbing propertiesof available wall constructions and windows to find out if it is possible to fulfill guidelines regarding sound level in bedrooms. If there is a useful difference in sound level outside the wall for different floors in buildings.
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Jablonská, Petra. "Přepravní a spediční služby v oblasti mezinárodní dopravy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4154.
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Lenntorp, Erik. "An Economic Analysis of Regulation by Conditional Permits." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Ekonomiska institutionen, Linköpings universitet [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5715.
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Rehman, Saad. "Pattern Recognition Algorithms and the Design of Hardware Accelerators to Permit Their Real-Time Operation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506997.
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Randall, Raymond. "Organisational interventions to manage work-related stress : using organisational reality to permit and enhance evaluation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246934.
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Svensson, Linnéa. "Violence against women with temporary residence permit : An analysis of judgements from the Migration Court." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150598.
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The Swedish government has an equality goal that men´s violence against women must stop, the government has also signed several international obligations to eliminate discrimination and violence against women. The number of people that moves to Sweden due to family ties is steadily increasing and research has shown that foreign born women have an increased risk of being exposed to male partner violence. How the question about violence against women with temporary residence permit is handled in the alien law has been criticised by women’s organisations and in a government inquiry for being oppressive towards women. The aim in this thesis is to examine how the alien law is applied in the practical work and since the Migration Court generally is the final instance that decides in cases regarding continued residence permit, 16 judgments from the Migration Court are analysed. The aim is to examine how violence against women with temporary residence permit is handled by the Migration Court, which discourses about violence and immigrant women that can be identified in the judgements and how this relate to the gender equality goal to eliminate violence against women. To analyse the judgements discourse analysis is used, to analyse how the law is applied a dogmatic approach and a critical perspective is also partly used. The analysis of the judgments suggest that the interpretation of the alien law is more generous than the legislator might has intended, however the assessments in the judgements varies, especially the question of the duration of the cohabitation. The consequence is that the interpretation of the alien law is unpredictable. Findings also suggest that a woman´s credibility is dependent on that she has made the violence probable. Two discourses are identified “the seeking help discourse” that shows that a lot of responsibility is placed on the individual woman to seek help and protection. And “the discourse of the invisibility of the violence” which points to that if the woman has any other reasons to be granted a residence permit, the Migration Court in many cases fail to discuss or even mention the claimed violence or violation, which creates a notion about what the Court values. It can be stated from this study that how the Migration Court handles the question about men´s violence against women is not compatible to national obligations and to that Swedish government gender equality goal about ending men´s violence against women.
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Carlsson, Caroline, and Julia Lindesson. "Är det skäligt? : En studie kring skäl vid överklagade bygglov." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9859.
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I den rådande bostadsbristen har en del av samhällsdebatten handlat om att effektivisera bygglovsprocessen och mer specifikt möjligheten att överklaga bygglov. Förslag som framkommit i förarbeten till plan- och bygglagen (PBL) är bland annat att begränsa vad som får överklagas och vem som har rätt att överklaga ett bygglovsbeslut samt att avgiftsbelägga överklaganden. Då förarbetena endast bygger på generell statistik saknas kunskap kring vad den klagande parten anför för skäl vid ett överklagande. Det saknas även redovisning kring vilka skäl som vinner störst framgång hos länsstyrelsen genom att ärenden återförvisas eller upphävs. Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse kring överklagade bygglov samt vilken funktion länsstyrelsen fyller som överklagandeinstans. Huvudmålet är att utreda skälen bakom överklagade bygglov samt undersöka vilka av de anförda skälen som har störst framgång för de klagande hos länsstyrelsen. För att uppfylla syftet har tre frågeställningar besvarats. Vilka skäl som anförs av klagande part? Med vilka skäl upphäver och återförvisar länsstyrelsen kommunernas beslut? I vilken grad överensstämmer skälen anförda av klagande med de skäl länsstyrelsen upphäver eller återförvisar ärenden? En kvantitativ innehållsanalys har tillämpats tillsammans med juridisk metod för att kunna uttolka och klassificera skälen. För att sammanställa och analysera resultatet användes statistisk analys. Totalt har 274 överklagade beslutshandlingar granskats och resulterat i 197 handlingar som ansågs representativa för studien. Granskningen resulterade vidare i 77 kategorier med skäl anförda av klagande part. De skäl som anförts flest gånger av klagande part var att åtgärden medförde betydande olägenhet, stred mot detaljplan eller påverkade omgivningen negativt med hänsyn till exempelvis stads- och landskapsbild samt kulturvärden på platsen. Vidare anfördes även frekvent att grannehörande ej hade skett eller att det funnits brister i bygglovshandlingarna. Skäl som inte berörde den sökta åtgärden, så kallade okynnesskäl, var också ett av de vanligaste skälen anförda av klagade part. Det överlägset vanligaste skälet för upphävande var att åtgärden strider mot detaljplan och inte var att betrakta som en liten avvikelse. För återförvisade ärenden var de vanligaste skälen för länsstyrelsens beslut att grannehörande ej hade skett samt att byggnadsnämnden brustit i sin motivering. Totalt överensstämde anförda skäl av klagande och länsstyrelsens skäl för upphävande eller återförvisning i 47 % av fallen. Sammantaget var de största framgångsfaktorerna skäl som berör planstridigheter eller brister i byggnadsnämndens hantering av bygglovsärenden. Som helhet ansågs länsstyrelsen fylla en viktig roll som tillsynsmyndighet och borde därmed inte uteslutas ur instanskedjan.In the current housing crisis, part of the social debate has been focused on streamlining the building permit process, and more specifically the ability to appeal a building permit. Proposals that emerged in the legislative history is to limit what and who has the right to appeal a building permit decision and the possibility to charge for the appeals. As the legislative history is only based on general statistics there is a lack of knowledge about what the complainant confided as reasons for the appeal. Nor is there any recognition on the grounds that wins the greatest success with the provincial government by matters referred back or canceled. The purpose of the study is to create a better understanding about the contested building permits and the function the provincial government fills as the appeal court. The main objective is to investigate the reasons behind the contested building permits, and investigate which of the arguments that have the greatest success for the complainants. To fulfill the purpose three questions were answered. What are the reasons invoked by the appellant? With what the reasons cancels and remits the provincial government municipal decisions? To what degree do the reasons cited by the complainant correspond with the reasons the provincial government cancels or refers cases? A quantitative content analysis was applied together with the legal method to interpret and classify the reasons. A statistical method has been used to compile and present the results. A total of 274 contested decision documents were reviewed and resulted in 197 documents considered as representative for the study. The review resulted in 77 categories of reasons cited by the complainants. The most common reasons were: significant inconvenience, the measure is contrary to the local plan, city- and landscape, cultural heritage and good overall effect is adversely affected, the neighbor hearing has not occurred, that there have been shortcomings in the documents and frivolous reasons. By far the most common reasons for the cancellation was that the measure is contrary to local plan and was not considered to be a little deviation. The most common reasons for the provincial government to remit cases were that the neighbor hearing had not occurred and that the building committee failed in its justification of the decision. Reasons cited by the complainant and the provincial governments reasons for the suspension or referral was consistent in 47% of the cases. Overall, the biggest success factors to cited reasons involving measures who is contrary to local plan or defects in the building committees' handling of building permits. As a whole the provincial government are considered to play an important role as a regulator and should therefore not be excluded from the instance chain.
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Kuusela, Olli-Pekka. "Three Essays in Natural Resource and Environmental Economics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50508.
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This dissertation analyses the impact of political and macroeconomic uncertainties on environmental outcomes and design of policy instruments. The first essay examines how the rate of agricultural land expansion in tropical countries depends on the nature and persistence of new political regimes. We use a novel panel data method that extends previous studies. We find that both new autocratic and democratic regimes have accelerated the expansion of agricultural land, thus yielding support to some of the findings in the earlier literature. Interesting differences emerge between regions, with the impact being most pronounced in Latin America. The analysis is developed more formally using a simple competitive land use model with political regime dependent confiscation risk and agricultural subsidy policy. The second essay evaluates the effectiveness of performance bonding for tropical forest concession management in achieving first and second best outcomes concerning reduced impact logging (RIL) standards. As a novel contribution, this essay introduces a simple model of two-stage concession design, and focus on the impact of three complications: harvester participation constraints, government repayment risk, and imperfect enforcement. We find several new and interesting results, in particular, imperfect enforcement and bond risk may deter implementation of bonding schemes as either the bond payment has to be set higher or the penalty mapping has to become more punitive. Policy implications, including potential for mechanisms such as REDD+ in improving the bonding outcomes, and the degree of financial support required to guarantee full implementation of RIL, are also examined. The third essay focuses on the relative performance of fixed versus intensity allowances in the presence of both productivity and energy price uncertainties. Both allowance instruments achieve the same steady-state emissions reduction target of 20%, which is similar to the current policy proposals, and the regulator then chooses the allowance policy that has the lowest expected abatement cost. We use a standard real business cycle (RBC) model to solve for the expected abatement cost under both policies. Unlike previous studies, our results show that under a reasonable model calibration, fixed allowances outperform intensity allowances with as much as 30% cost difference.Ph. D.
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Matějíková, Lucie. "Ekologie a právo - povolovací procesy pro výstavbu a provozování průmyslových areálů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114244.
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The subject of this Master's Thesis is a description of administrative and similar proceedings leading to issue of permits, consents, statements and expert opinions needed for the implementation of entrepreneurial plans that could potentially have negative impacts on the environment. This Thesis describes the process of environmental impact assessment (so called EIA) and its specifics, as well as its relevance for further administrative proceedings. Other subject of analyses is the integrated permit, a document that substitutes selected individual administrative deeds, and also the very permits, consents and statements intended to protect the individual environmental departments (such as air, water, landscape) or to regulate environmentally relevant activities (e.g. waste treatment). Subject of analyses are also the permission procedures pursuant to the Construction Act that ensure the protection of the common public interest on environment protection by the means of so called binding opinions of environmental protection authorities necessary in the land-use and construction permit issue proceedings as well as in other land-use planning activities. The aim of this Thesis is to describe specific aspects of the individual approval proceedings and their mutual procedural and factual correlation in order to eliminate interpretation difficulties caused by the fragmented legal regulation in the area of environmental protection legislation.
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Abboud, Sarah. "The Role of Municipal Planning in the Permit Decisions on Large Onshore Wind Power Projects in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447832.
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Sweden wants to produce 100% of its electricity from renewable energy sources by 2040 and achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045. While wind power is key to this transition, the permit process for large onshore wind power projects is one of the major challenges the country is currently facing, specifically the provision on municipal approval in the Environmental Code, the so-called municipal veto. To facilitate the expansion of wind projects in Sweden, the double testing of wind power applications was abolished in 2009, and the municipal veto was introduced to preserve the municipalities’ planning influence. However, the municipal veto contributed to a less predictable and legally secure permit process and became the main reason behind the rejections of wind power applications. Today, in 2021, the Swedish Government assigned a special investigator to examine and propose possible changes to the municipal veto provision. Though the municipalities believe that the veto is essential for their self-government and planning monopoly, the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency argue that the municipal authority should be exercised through the municipal general planning documents. Therefore, this thesis aims to verify the authorities’ argument by examining the relationship between the municipalities’ planning conditions for wind power and the permit decisions. The study is performed in collaboration with Westander Klimat och Energi and is based on 206 large onshore wind power applications between 2014 and 2020. The main research methods consist of a document analysis and of statistical analyses, namely simple percentages, and the chi-square test of independence, along with Cramer’s V calculation. The projects are categorized mainly based on the municipal planning conditions, and the permit decisions are analyzed accordingly. Essentially, it is shown that, even if not legally binding, the municipal general spatial planning documents constitute a valuable tool for the planning of onshore wind power projects in Sweden. Furthermore, the municipal planning conditions and permit decisions are not independent, however, their strength of association is weak. Nonetheless, the statistics indicate that in areas designated as suitable, more cases are likely to receive an approval than expected, and in areas not designated as suitable, the applications are more likely to be revoked than one would expect. In conclusion, it is important to invest resources into the strategic wind power planning at the local level. Also, the municipal plans must be kept updated to consistently reflect the municipalities’ intentions towards the use of their land and water areas.
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Agasi, Reut. "Socio-economic impact assessment of permit re-allocations in the South African West Coast Rock Lobster industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5753.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-71).
The decline of the WCRL fishery in recent decades has been accompanied by the restructuring of the permit process to a long-term rights allocation process and the increased participation of historically disadvantaged individuals. This paper examines the effects of declining somatic growth rates and stock abundance over the years, increased levels of poaching, and the placement and effectiveness of marine reserves, on the WCRL industry, which incorporates the offshore and nearshore commercial fisheries and the recreational fishery. Small-scale traditional fishermen face access constraints to the fisheries, including lack of skills, limited access to credit and insufficient organisation. Sustainability of both the resource and fishery-based livelihoods must be ensured when examining the social and economic impacts underlying the recent legal issue between MCM and the large rock lobster firms who were contesting the allocation of permits to nearshore fishermen. There is currently an attempt to resolve this ongoing conflict by the drafting of a small-scale fisheries policy. New focuses in the industry include introducing an ecosystem-based management approach by 2012, commitment to co-management, and marine protected areas, particularly a call for increased use of no-take reserves.
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Jennings, Patricia Jean. "An assessment of the formulation of permit conditions associated with environmental authorisations and implications for compliance monitoring." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/437.
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Environmental impact assessment is a widely accepted planning tool used in environmental management. Internationally it has been adopted as a formal permitting requirement for development projects in many jurisdictions. Historically the focus has been on the pre-decision making stages of environmental impact assessment. It has, however, been widely acknowledged that post-decision environmental impact assessment follow-up is an important component in confirming initial predictions, enabling responsible adaptive management of environmental impacts and ensuring compliance with permit conditions. It is this last function which is the focus of this study. Specifically, the role of permit conditions in enabling compliance and facilitating compliance monitoring is addressed. Permit conditions of twenty-one environmental authorisations were examined and tested for conformance with legislated requirements, and practicality of monitoring for compliance (monitorability). It was found that there are many contributors to achieving monitorable permit conditions. Amongst the most significant of these are conformity in interpretation of the regulations specifying permit content by officials, gaps in guidance on the part of the regulations themselves, and a tendency to focus on construction related impacts. The lack of clarity regarding the roles and functions of environmental control officer and environmental auditor further contribute to poor monitorability of permit conditions. Specific areas of shortcoming and best practice in the permit conditions analysed were identified and discussed. Finally, recommendations are made for the improvement of permit condition monitorability.
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Wilson, Marcelle R. ""All that her sex would permit her to do ..." : loyalist women and their claims during the American Revolution /." Connect to online version, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3560.
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Levick, Wayne. "Contract labour migration between Fiji and New Zealand : a case study of a South Pacific work permit scheme." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4236.
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This thesis addresses the phenomenon of short-term labour migration
between Fiji and New Zealand that operates within the confining structures of
formally instituted work permit schemes. Established since the late 1960s on
the initiative of New Zealand governments, as part of attempts to regulate
labour movements from Pacific Island nations to New Zealand, these schemes
have had their greatest success in controlling flows from Fiji. Numerically the
most significant users of the schemes, many among this flow have sought
rural work in New Zealand. This in turn has led to the expression of hopes
that a degree of skill and money transfer will operate through this means to
assist Fiji's development. Establishing the efficacy of such mechanisms is a
major aim of this thesis.
The study also details the pervasive role of government policy in the
fortunes of short-term South Pacific labour migration. The need for integrated
and flexible approaches to this study is accepted, with the proviso that the
requirement to situate this controversial migration in the context of policy is
paramount. The latter is achieved here, with the result that the conclusions
drawn are generally sympathetic to scheme labour migration, and are therefore
somewhat at odds with observed but not openly stated New Zealand
government policy.
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Aksoro, Lana Winayanti. "The effects of the location permit on urban land markets : a case study in the Jabotabek area, Indonesia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62921.
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Lee, Kangil. "THE REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE AND U.S. ENERGY MARKETS." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2325.
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The dynamic mutual relationship between the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) carbon permit price and energy prices in the U.S. is examined. Results show that the RGGI and electricity markets are not closely linked, although the carbon permit price is usually closely interrelated with energy prices. The loose relationship between the RGGI and electricity markets can be explained by the recent low carbon credit demand which stems from the low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions existent in the particular area covered by the RGGI. The low GHG emissions result from fuel switching due to recent low natural gas prices. Unlike the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, natural gas is the key driver of the RGGI system.
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Cook, Bonson F. Jr. "Police Attitudes about Citizens with Handgun Carry Permits." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2415.
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The purpose of this research was to study the attitudes of police officers about handgun carry permit holders. Police officers from local police departments in Tennessee and Virginia were surveyed with a 30-question questionnaire. The questionnaire used the independent variables of sex (gender), age, marital status, and education to study officers’ opinions on the subject of handgun carry permit holders. The survey items asked police officers their attitudes about issues including carry permits in certain situations, training of the permit holder, and federal law. The research found that a majority of officers support handgun carry permit holders and that officers are not threatened by handgun carry permit holders.
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Veatch, Maren E., and William B. McCloskey. "Effect of Halosulfuron (Permit), CGA362622, Glyphosate (Roundup Ultra) and Pyrithiobac (Staple) on Purple Nutsedge Growing in a Fallow Field." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197496.
Full textAbstract:
In the fall of 1999 an experiment was conducted to measure the effect of CGA- 362622, halosulfuron (Permit), glyphosate (Roundup Ultra) and Pyrithiobac (Staple) on purple nutsedge. Five rates of Permit (0.25, 0.375, 0.495, 0.75 and 1.0 oz a.i./A), three rates of CGA-362622 (3.035, 4.047, and 6.07 g a.i./A), and a single rate each of Roundup Ultra (0.75 lb a.e./A), Staple (1.5 oz a.i./A), Staple + Bueno 6 (2 lb a.i./A), and Staple + Fusilade (0.25 lb a.i./A) were applied either once or twice to field populations of purple nutsedge. Efficacy of each treatment was measured in three ways: phytotoxicity (stunting, chlorosis and/or necrosis) ratings were assigned to each plot (0 being no injury and 10 indicating death), the number of green leaves were counted on 3 large ($8 leaves) and 3 small (≤4 leaves) plants per plot at various times after treatment, and the amount of regrowth after the herbicide treatments was assessed. All of the herbicide treatments caused stunting, induced chlorosis and necrosis, and were fairly effective in controlling nutsedge plants treated at or before the 4-leaf growth stage. Only Permit and CGA-362622 effectively controlled plants treated at the 8-leaf growth stage after one application. The other four herbicides required two applications to obtain effective control. For the regrowth parameter parameters, Permit, CGA-362622 and Roundup Ultra effectively controlled regrowth, but the Staple, Staple + Bueno 6 and the Staple + Fusilade treatments did not control regrowth. Two applications of Permit at the .495 oz a.i./A or greater rates, Roundup Ultra (0.75 lb a.e./A) and 1 or 2 applications of the 6.070 g a.i./A rate of CGA-362622 controlled nutsedge with respect to all measured regrowth parameters and may be the best choices for controlling purple nutsedge.
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Barbosa, Adam. "Do You Have A Permit For That? Exposing the Pseudo-Public Space and Exploring Alternative Means of Urban Occupation." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1568.
Full textAbstract:
In his 1964 work "One Dimensional Man" Herbert Marcuse describes what he believes to be the de-evolution of industrialized society into the single minded pursuit of commerce. Decades later his hypothesis seems even closer to the truth, as much of our social interaction is now based in spaces that are designed to promote consumption. These spaces are in fact privately owned lots masquerading as public space so as to satiate the populace's desire for "public" interaction without sacrificing their effectiveness as places of commerce. The migration of social interaction into these pseudo-public spaces has also further marginalized the city's remaining public space. In his essay "Spaces of Uncertainty" Ken Cupers asks "is it only the sterile places with clearly defined use that we can enjoy today? Is it the designer shops, the fancy cafes, or the commercial promenades that provide our satisfaction? What about the young, the restless, the old, the poor, and the ones having been excluded from contemporary public space and therefore removed from society?" Options for inhabiting public space are limited for those who choose to forgo the theater of commercial space (and those who are forced to avoid it). However there is hope in the margins of our cities. The in-between and left behind spaces hold untold potential as spaces for interaction and expression.
The struggle against the pseudo-public space utilizes a three-faceted approach with urban interventions inspired by the Situationists and modern street artists. Each of the interventions will be designed to either, inform, identify, or occupy. First, the city's inhabitants must be made aware of the nature of the pseudo-public space, its effects on our culture and their underlying mechanisms of control. Second, a network of marginalized spaces will be created as alternative spaces for occupation and interaction. Finally an intervention will be organized to occupy space outside the realm of the pseudo-public in a manner that could inspire other such occupations, or at the very least raise awareness as to the potential for non-commercial human interaction in the public sphere.
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Coco, Roger. "Le régime juridique de prévention et de réparation des risques naturels majeurs face aux exigences de justice sociale : le cas des Antilles francaises." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0824/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les risques naturels majeurs constituent une menace plus ou moins récurrente pour la plupart des populations de la planète. Les catastrophes naturelles sont à la fois sources et révélatrices d’inégalités sociales et environnementales, dans le monde, mais aussi sur le territoire de la République française. Les Antilles françaises sont très fréquemment, et très lourdement frappées par les aléas naturels. La réponse en matière de gestion des crises, et, en amont, en matière de prévention, ne nous semble pas à la hauteur des défis, et des besoins des populations. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous nous interrogeons, à travers la présente thèse, sur la place de la solidarité et de l’égalité, dans le régime juridique des risques naturels majeurs. C’est une préoccupation doctrinale majeure, inscrite dans la constitution. La recherche du lien entre droit des risques naturels majeurs et justice sociale et environnementale est l’objet de la présente étude, s’agissant de la réponse juridique à la préoccupation des populations et catégories défavorisées, qui s’avèrent a priori les plus atteintes par les catastrophes naturelles. Les limites des textes, l’insuffisance des moyens, ainsi que les pratiques locales, facteurs d’aggravation des vulnérabilités, le laxisme des pouvoirs publics nationaux et territoriaux, l’absence de culture de risque et l’esprit « kokagneur » des populations (avec des différences de comportement entre la Guadeloupe et la Martinique), toutes ces considérations rendent illusoire la détermination proclamée des pouvoirs publics de résoudre les problèmes de risques naturels majeurs. Des voies d’un renforcement de la solidarité sont proposées. Cette contribution à la recherche sur les risques ambitionne d’apporter aux acteurs, une vision transversale de la problématique des risques naturels, par l’analyse du régime juridique confronté à une exigence de justice sociale et environnementale. Les Antilles françaises servent de support à cette étudeMajor natural hazards are more or less recurring threat for most people in the world. Natural disasters are both sources and revealing social and environmental inequalities in the world, but also in the French Republic. The French West Indies are very frequently and strongly hit by natural hazards. The answer in terms of crisis management, and beforehand, in terms of prevention, doesn’t seem to be up to the population’s challenges and needs. This is why we wonder, in this thesis, about the place of solidarity and equality in the legal system of major natural hazards. This is a major doctrinal concern in the constitution. The research of the relationship between major natural hazards law and environmental and social justice is the subject of this study, concerning the legal answer to the concerns of the underprivileged people and categories, which prove to be a priori the most struck by natural disasters. The limits of the legislation, inadequate resources and local practices, vulnerabilities worsening factor, the laxity of the national and territorial public authorities, the lack of risk culture and the "kokagneur" spirit of the populations (with behavior differences between Guadeloupe and Martinique), all these considerations make unreal the government’s proclaimed determination to solve the major natural hazards issues. Ways to strengthen solidarity are proposed. This contribution to risks research aims to bring to the players an interdisciplinary view of natural hazards issues, through the analysis of the legal system confronted with the requirement of social and environmental justice. The French West Indies are used as research support
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Michnovič, Regina. "Krovinių gabenimo konteineriuose teisiniai ir organizaciniai aspektai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120703_150721-30020.
Full textAbstract:
Šio baigiamojo darbo esmė yra atlikti ir pateikti visapusišką bei sistemingą krovinių gabenimo transporto priemonėmis atsakomybės ypatumų analizę, kurio tikslas yra atskleisti šio teisinio instituto atitinkamus svarbiausius aspektus reguliuojančių nuostatų sampratą ir pritaikomumą praktikoje, nustatyti problematinius aspektus. Taip pat darbe yra pristatoma išsami atitinkamų teisės norminių aktų analizė ir teisės doktrinoje išreikšta nuomonių įvairovė nagrinėjama tema. Galiausiai, aptariami svarbiausi ir aktualiausi nagrinėjama tema teismų precedentai siekiant atskleisti pagrindines teisinio reguliavimo problemas, su kuriomis yra susiduriama praktikoje bei pateikiami jų sprendimo pasiūlymai.The essence of this thesis is to conduct and submit a comprehensive and systematic means of road transport analysis of the characteristics of responsibility, whose aim is to institute the appropriate legal provisions governing the main aspects of the applicability of the concept and practical aspects of the suspect. Also at work is presented in detail the relevant legal regulations and legal analysis of the doctrine of diversity of views expressed by the subject. Finally, it covers the most important and topical subject of judicial precedents at issue in order to uncover key regulatory issues that are encountered in practice and present their solution.