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Journal articles on the topic 'Permian'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Autio, Eero. "The Permian Animal Style." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 18/19 (2001): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2001.18.permian.

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2

Rigby, J. K., Fan Jiasong, and Zhang Wei. "Sphinctozoan sponges from the Permian reefs of South China." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 4 (July 1989): 404–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600001965x.

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Middle and Late Permian sphinctozoan sponges described here are from the Middle Permian Maokou and the Upper Permian Wujiaping and Changxing Formations. Most are from near Xiangbo, northwestern Guangxi, but a few are from Upper Permain patch reefs from Laolongdong in eastern Sichuan. The new genera, the porateImbricatocoeliaand the aporateGlomocystospongia, are described, the latter as the type genus for the new family Glomocystospongiidae. New species described includeAmblysiphonella specialis, Amblysiphonella spinosa, Amblysiphonellasp. A,Amblysiphonellasp. B,Colospongia maxima, Colospongiasp. A,Imbricatocoelia elongata, I. irregulara, I. obconica, I. paucipora, Neoguadalupia explanata, Subascosymplegma?paracatenulata, Rhabdactinia depressa, R. irregulara, R. squamula, Salzburgia nana, Glomocystospongia gracilis, Sollasia absita, andS. spheroida. New occurrences ofAmblysiphonella merlai? Parona, 1933,Lichuanospongia typicaZhang, 1983,Polycystocoelia huajiapingensisZhang, 1983,Intrasporeocoelia hubeiensisFan and Zhang, 1985,Rhabdactinia columnariaYabe and Sugiyama, 1934,Uvanella irregularaOtt, 1967,Stromatocoelia asiaticaZhang and Fan (in Fan and Zhang, 1985), andTebagathalamia cylindricumSenowbari-Daryan and Rigby, 1988, are reported. The described assemblage represents the most diverse Permian sphinctozoan sponge fauna known from Asia.
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3

Smith, D. B., J. C. M. Taylor, R. S. Arthurton, M. E. Brookfield, and K. W. Glennie. "Permian." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 13, no. 1 (1992): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.1992.013.01.10.

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AbstractPermian strata in the British Isles crop out mainly in northern and central England but are extensive in the subsurface both on land and in several adjoining offshore areas. Their base is defined as in Smith et al. (1974) and their top is within red beds, overlying the Zechstein evaporites.We emphasize that both the base and the top of the nominally Permian rocks lie in continental strata almost devoid of stratigraphically useful fossils and that, accordingly, these boundaries are only doubtfully correlated with internationally acceptable biostratigraphic standards.Subdivision of British Permian strata into Lower and Upper series follows the traditional view summarized by Smith et al. (1974). The junction between the series is taken at the incoming of marine strata in northern England and adjoining offshore areas, and at approximately equivalent levels in continuous continental sequences elsewhere; recent limited palynological studies suggest that the early Permian-late Permian transition adopted here and in most of northwest Europe may be mid or late Kazanian or even Tatarian in age which is somewhat younger than the base-Kazanian/Ufimian position taken in more continuous marine sequences.There has been no comprehensive revision of the stratigraphy and nomenclature of early Permian strata in and around the British Isles since the work of Smith et al. (1974) and Rhys (1974), but these aspects of the early Permian continental deposits of several cuvettes and inland drainage basins in southwest Scotland were reviewed by Brookfield (1978) and the age of continental deposits in the Elgin area was reconsidered
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4

Fedoseeva, Elena N. "The correlation of the Komi-Permian and Komi-Zyryan elements in the vocabulary of the Upper-Kama idiom." Finno-Ugric World 15, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.015.2023.01.19-27.

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Introduction. The Upper-Kama dialect is one of the varieties of the Komi language, which is rather common in the Afanasyevsky area of the Kirov region. The dialect is an intermediate idiom between the Komi-Permian and Komi-Zyryan languages. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the Komi-Permian and Komi-Zyryan components in the lexical system of the dialect. Materials and Methods. The material for the study was collected during dialectological expeditions to the area of residence of the Kirov Permians in 2002–2012. It was collected from native speakers with a high level of language competence. The research was carried out using descriptive, comparative and statistical methods. Results and Discussion. The vocabulary of the Upper-Kama dialect is heterogeneous. The most numerous group of words common for the Komi-Permian and Komi-Zyryan dialects is distinguished. Lexemes in the Upper Kama dialects and at a larger territory in the Komi-Zyryan language, but are absent in the Komi-Permian one. There is also a group of words which correspondences are recorded in the southern Komi-Zyryan dialects: Mid-Sysola, Luza-Letka and mainly in the Upper-Sysola one. On the territory of the Upper-Kama idiom there are the lexemes, which isoglosses cover the Upper-Kama and Komi-Permian dialects. However, there are not so many similar Komi-Permian-Upper-Kama isoglosses; most of them can be found in the Zyryan dialects. As a result of the analysis of the texts in the Upper-Kama dialect, it turned out that the overwhelming majority of lexemes are found in all varieties of Komi languages. Conclusion. The analysis of the lexical composition of the Upper-Kama dialect has shown that the specified idiom cannot be unconditionally attributed to the Komi-Permian language, since the correlation of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permian lexical features in it is approximately the same.
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5

Choi, Charles. "Permian Percussion." Scientific American 291, no. 1 (July 2004): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0704-36b.

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6

Muttoni, Giovanni, Dennis V. Kent, Eduardo Garzanti, Peter Brack, Niels Abrahamsen, and Maurizio Gaetani. "Early Permian Pangea ‘B’ to Late Permian Pangea ‘A’☆." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 215, no. 3-4 (October 30, 2003): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00452-7.

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7

Nel, André, Günter Bechly, Jakub Prokop, Olivier Béthoux, and Gunther Fleck. "Systematics and evolution of Paleozoic and Mesozoic damselfly-like Odonatoptera of the ‘protozygopteran’ grade." Journal of Paleontology 86, no. 1 (January 2012): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11-020.1.

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The Paleozoic to Mesozoic grade ‘Protozygoptera’ is revised. It appears to be composed of two main lineages, namely the superfamily Permagrionoidea, and the Archizygoptera. The latter taxon forms a monophyletic group together with Panodonata (=crown-Odonata plus their closest stem-relatives). Therefore, the ‘Protozygoptera’ as previously understood is paraphyletic. Diagnostic characters of the ‘Protozygoptera’, Permagrionoidea, and Archizygoptera are re-evaluated. The Permolestidae is considered as a junior synonym of the Permagrionidae. The following new taxa are described: Permolestes sheimogorai new species, Permolestes soyanaiensis new species, Epilestes angustapterix new species, Solikamptilon pectinatus new species (all in Permagrionidae); Lodeviidae new family (for Lodevia); Luiseiidae new family (including Luiseia breviata new genus and species); Kennedya azari new species, Kennedya pritykinae new species, Kennedya ivensis new species, Progoneura grimaldii new species (all in Kennedyidae); Engellestes chekardensis new genus and species (in Bakteniidae); and Azaroneura permiana new genus and species (in Voltzialestidae). The Kaltanoneuridae and Oboraneuridae are revised. The evolution of protozygopteran Odonatoptera during the transition from the Permian to the Triassic is discussed. The larger taxa of the permagrionoid lineage apparently did not cross through the Permian–Triassic boundary, unlike the more gracile Archizygoptera. This last group shows a remarkable longevity from the late Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous. It also presents a great taxonomic and morphological stability, with genera ranging from the Permian to the Triassic, and a wing venation pattern nearly unchanged from the late Carboniferous to the Late Triassic. The mass extinction at the end of the Permian period seemingly had a minor effect on these tiny and delicate insects.
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8

Caldeira, Ken. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1550–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1550.b.

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9

Rampino, Michael R. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1551.a.

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10

Vermeij, Geerat J., and Daniel Dorritie. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1550.a.

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11

Vermeij, Geerat J., and Daniel Dorritie. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1550-a.

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12

Rampino, Michael R. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1551-a.

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13

Caldeira, Ken. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1550–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1550-b.

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14

Zhang, Yi-Chun, and Yue Wang. "Permian fusuline biostratigraphy." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 450, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 253–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp450.14.

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15

Zhang, Lei, Qinglai Feng, and Weihong He. "Permian radiolarian biostratigraphy." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 450, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp450.16.

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16

Leonova, Tatiana B. "Permian ammonoid biostratigraphy." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 450, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp450.7.

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17

Henderson, Charles M. "Permian conodont biostratigraphy." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 450, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp450.9.

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18

Labandeira, C. C. "Permian Pollen Eating." Science 277, no. 5331 (September 5, 1997): 1421c—1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5331.1421c.

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19

Li, H., E. L. Taylor, and T. N. Taylor. "Permian Vessel Elements." Science 271, no. 5246 (January 12, 1996): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5246.188.

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20

Oo, Thura, Tin Hlaing, and Nyunt Htay. "Permian of Myanmar." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 20, no. 6 (August 2002): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-9120(01)00074-8.

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21

Martin;, R. E., G. J. Vermeij, D. Dorritie;, K. Caldeira;, M. R. Rampino;, A. H. Knoll, R. K. Bambach, et al. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1549.

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22

Vermeij, G. J., and D. Dorritie. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1550a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1550a.

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23

Caldeira, K. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1550b—1551b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1550b.

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24

Rampino, M. R. "Late Permian Extinctions." Science 274, no. 5292 (November 29, 1996): 1551a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1551a.

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25

BHARDWAJ, ABHINADAN. "Permian of Spiti." Nature 341, no. 6241 (October 1989): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/341379b0.

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26

Hunt, Adrian P., and Spencer G. Lucas. "Permian tetrapod ichnofacies." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 265, no. 1 (2006): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.265.01.06.

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27

Yugan, Jin, Bruce R. Wardlaw, Brian F. Glenister, and Galina V. Kotlyar. "Permian chronostratigraphic subdivisions." Episodes 20, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/003.

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28

Algeo, Thomas J., Margaret L. Fraiser, Paul B. Wignall, and Arne M. E. Winguth. "Permian–Triassic paleoceanography." Global and Planetary Change 105 (June 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.03.001.

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29

Austerlitz, R. "THE PERMIAN CENTRE." Linguistica Uralica 21, no. 2 (1985): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.1985.2.02.

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30

Prokop, Jakub, and Jarmila Kukalová-Peck. "New insects from the earliest Permian of Carrizo Arroyo (New Mexico, USA) bridging the gap between the Carboniferous and Permian entomofaunas." Insect Systematics & Evolution 48, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-48022160.

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New insects are described from the early Asselian of the Bursum Formation in Carrizo Arroyo, NM, USA. Carrizoneura carpenteri gen. et sp. nov. (Syntonopteridae) demonstrates traits in hindwing venation to Lithoneura and Syntonoptera, both known from the Moscovian of Illinois. Carrizoneura represents the latest unambiguous record of Syntonopteridae. Martynovia insignis represents the earliest evidence of Martynoviidae. Carrizodiaphanoptera permiana gen. et sp. nov. extends range of Diaphanopteridae previously restricted to Gzhelian. The re-examination of the type species Diaphanoptera munieri reveals basally coalesced vein MA with stem of R and RP resulting in family diagnosis emendation. Arroyohymen splendens gen. et sp. nov. (Protohymenidae) displays features in venation similar to taxa known from early and late Permian from the USA and Russia. A new palaeodictyopteran wing attributable to Carrizopteryx cf. arroyo (Calvertiellidae) provides data on fore wing venation previously unknown. Thus, all these new discoveries show close relationship between late Pennsylvanian and early Permian entomofaunas.
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31

Sazhina, S. A. "Functioning of affricates in the Upper-Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language." Bulletin of Ugric studies 11, no. 3 (2021): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-3-486-492.

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Introduction: the paper is a fragment of the description of the phonetic features of the language of the Kirov Permians, one of the idioms of the Komi-Permian language, which native speakers live in the Afanasyevsky District of Kirov Oblast. Affricates are the subject of study. The paper examines the peculiarities of their functioning: the distribution of affricates in the phonetic structure of the word is described, and the process of transition of the consonants ǯ', ǯ, č to fricative ones is considered. Objective: to describe the positional-combinatorial conditions of the use of affricates, to trace the phonetic changes that affricates are subject to in the language of the Kirov Permians. Research materials: field materials of dialectological expeditions to the area of residence of the Kirov Permians in the period from 2002 to 2012. Results and novelty of the research: the paper analyzes affricates from the point of view of their functioning in the language of the Kirov Permians. New dialect data are introduced into scientific circulation, which can become an additional source for the comparative-historical study of the affricate system in the Permian languages. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the studied idiom, the affricates ǯ', ǯ, č tended to gradually restrict distribution, reduce the frequency of use: in some positions, they were replaced by the corresponding fricative consonants z', ž, š. In the dialect, there is an inconsistency in the use of affricates, which reflects the peculiarities of the informants’ idiolect, as well as the incompleteness of the process of changing the considered consonants in the studied idiom
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32

Brugman, W. A., J. W. Eggink, S. Loboziak, and H. Visscher. "Late Carboniferous – Early Permian (Ghzelian – Artinskian) Palynomorphs." Journal of Micropalaeontology 4, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.4.1.93.

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Abstract. The preliminary results of the palynological investigations in the Late Carboniferous – Early Permian of Northeast Libya indicate that at least two successive intervals can be readily recognised:Ghzelian – Asselian interval. This lower interval is characterised by assemblages showing a dominance of saccate pollen; miospores usually occur in very low frequencies. Throughout the interval one may recognise (a) monosaccate pollen, attributable to genera such as Potonieisporites, Plicatipollenites, Cannanoropollis and Barakarites; (b) taeniate (striate) bisaccate pollen, identified as species of Illinites, Protohaploxypinus, Strotersporites, Striatoabieites and Distriatites; and (c) non-taeniate bisaccate pollen, represented by alete genera and Limitisporites.Although some of the monosaccate elements may already occur in the Early Carboniferous of Libya, the observed diversification points to a Late Carboniferous – Early Permian age of the assemblages. Taeniate pollen grains are known to make their first appearance in the Moscovian (e.g., in the Donets Basin; compare Inosova et al., 1976) but the observed diverse assemblages appear more characteristic for the latest Carboniferous and/or Early Permain, of both the Euramerican and Gondwana provinces (compare, e.g., Inosova et al., 1976; Kemp et al., 1977). Consequently, the authors consider the interval to represent a Carboniferous – Permian transition sequence, broadly comprising the Ghzelian and Asselian Stages. It should be noted, however, that the status of the Asselian Stage is still under discussion; some authors prefer the inclusion of this unit (or part of it) in the Carboniferous. From a palynological point of view the incoming of Distriatites could well mark a datum level corresponding to the Carboniferous . . .
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33

Changqun Cao, Jun Li, Thomas Servais, and Youhua Zhu. "Later Permian acritarchs from Meishan (SE China) in the context of Permian palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2004, no. 7 (July 12, 2004): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2004/2004/427.

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34

Muttoni, Giovanni, Dennis V. Kent, Eduardo Garzanti, Peter Brack, Niels Abrahamsen, and Maurizio Gaetani. "Erratum to “Early Permian Pangea ‘B’ to Late Permian Pangea ‘A’”." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 218, no. 3-4 (February 2004): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00660-5.

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35

Archbold, N. W. "Permian Gondwanan correlations: the significance of the western Australian marine Permian." Journal of African Earth Sciences 29, no. 1 (July 1999): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(99)00080-9.

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36

Senowbari-Daryan, Baba, and J. Keith Rigby. "First report of Lercaritubus in North America, from the Permian Capitan Limestone, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 1 (January 1996): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023076.

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Lercaritubus problematicus Flügel, Senowbari-Daryan, and Di Stefano, 1990, a problematic organism, was initially described from Lower and Middle Permian rocks of Sicily, was subsequently recognized in Upper Permian reefs of Oman and reefal limestones of the Tethyan realm. It is here described for the first time from North America, from the Middle Permian reefoidal Upper Capitan Limestone of the Guadalupe Mountains in New Mexico. Lercaritubus problematicus has a stratigraphic range of Lower to Upper Permian and occurs widely in Permian tropical reef deposits.
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37

Li, Yalong, Wei Yue, Xun Yu, Xiangtong Huang, Zongquan Yao, Jiaze Song, Xin Shan, Xinghe Yu, and Shouye Yang. "Tectonic Evolution of the West Bogeda: Evidences from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry Proxies, NW China." Minerals 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10040341.

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The Bogeda Shan (Mountain) is in southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and well preserved Paleozoic stratigraphy, making it an ideal region to study the tectonic evolution of the CAOB. However, there is a long-standing debate on the tectonic setting and onset uplift of the Bogeda Shan. In this study, we report detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry of the Permian sandstone samples, to decipher the provenance and tectonic evolution of the West Bogeda Shan. The Lower-Middle Permian sandstone is characterized by a dominant zircon peak age at 300–400 Ma, similar to the Carboniferous samples, suggesting their provenance inheritance and from North Tian Shan (NTS) and Yili-Central Tian Shan (YCTS). While the zircon record of the Upper Permian sandstone is characterized by two major age peaks at ca. 335 Ma and ca. 455 Ma, indicating the change of provenance after the Middle Permian and indicating the uplift of Bogeda Shan. The initial uplift of Bogeda Shan was also demonstrated by structural deformations and unconformity occurring at the end of Middle Permian. The bulk elemental geochemistry of sedimentary rocks in the West Bogeda Shan suggests the Lower-Middle Permian is mostly greywacke with mafic source dominance, and tectonic setting changed from the continental rift in the Early Permian to post rift in the Middle Permian. The Upper Permian mainly consists of litharenite and sublitharenite with mafic-intermediate provenances formed in continental island arcs. The combined evidences suggest the initial uplift of the Bogeda Shan occurred in the Late Permian, and three stages of mountain building include the continental rift, post-rift extensional depression, and continental arc from the Early, Middle, to Late Permian, respectively.
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38

Brown, Derek A., James M. Logan, Michael H. Gunning, Michael J. Orchard, and Wayne E. Bamber. "Stratigraphic evolution of the Paleozoic Stikine assemblage in the Stikine and Iskut rivers area, northwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 958–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-087.

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The Stikine assemblage, the "basement" of Stikinia, extends 500 km along the western flank of the Intermontane Belt, east of younger Coast Belt plutons. Four different stratigraphic successions are characteristic of Lower to Middle Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian rocks in the Stikine and Iskut rivers area. West of Forrest Kerr Creek are penetratively deformed Lower to Middle Devonian island-arc volcaniclastic rocks, coralline limestone, and felsic tuff. Fringing carbonate buildups in an arc setting are best illustrated in the sequence at Round Lake where Lower Carboniferous mafic-dominated, bimodal submarine volcanic rocks grade upward into two distinctive coarse echinoderm limestone units and medial siliceous siltstone and limestone conglomerate. Conodont colour alteration indices for Lower Carboniferous rocks near Newmont Lake indicate an anomalously low-temperature thermal history. Upper Carboniferous–Permian polymictic volcanic conglomerate and Lower Permian limestone overlie these strata there. The Scud River sequence is distinguished by subgreenschist- to greenschist-grade Carboniferous(?) volcanic and sedimentary rocks overlain by a structurally thickened package (greater than 1000 m) of Lower Permian limestone. Local calcalkaline pyroclastic rocks interfinger with limestone near the top of the Scud River sequence. Basinal, shelf, and shallow-water carbonate facies developed in the Early Permian, giving way to calcalkaline volcanism in Late Permian followed by deposition of deep-water chert and argillite.The tectonic setting during the Devonian and Carboniferous is comparable with modern Pacific volcanic arcs and atolls, but there is no modern analogue for the shelf-carbonate accumulation during the Early Permian which characterizes the Stikine assemblage and permits Cordilleran-scale correlations. Permian fusulinid and coral species have very close affinity to those of the McCloud Limestone of the eastern Klamath Mountains, California. Other geologic events common to both Stikinia and the Eastern Klamath terrane are Devonian limestone breccia deposition, Lower Permian limestone accumulation with McCloud faunal affinity, Carboniferous and Permian calcalkaline volcanism, and Upper Permian tuffaceous limestone. Stratigraphic differences include the absence of quartz detritus in Devonian strata and lack of thick Upper Permian volcanic rocks in the Stikine River area.
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39

Ponaryadov, Vadim Vasilyevich. "ON THE DIALECTAL BASIS OF THE OLD PERMIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 16, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2022-16-2-233-237.

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The development of their own literary language among the medieval Permians - the ancestors of the modern Komi - appears to be a unique phenomenon in the eastern part of the Finno-Ugric world. The question of the dialectal basis on which this literary language was formed was previously dealt with according to historical considerations almost without taking into account its proper linguistic features. The study of these features undertaken in the present article has demonstrated that no one of the modern Komi dialects can directly go back to the medieval dialect that formed the basis of the Old Permian literary language. Hence it follows that this medieval dialect existed in the territory where the Komi language is now lost. Taking into account the history of the Christianization of the Permians, with which the development of their own literary language was associated, it is most likely that this dialect was spoken downstream the river Vychegda to the west of the modern Komi language area.
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40

Brocklehurst, Neil, Michael O. Day, Bruce S. Rubidge, and Jörg Fröbisch. "Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1852 (April 5, 2017): 20170231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0231.

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The terrestrial vertebrate fauna underwent a substantial change in composition between the lower and middle Permian. The lower Permian fauna was characterized by diverse and abundant amphibians and pelycosaurian-grade synapsids. During the middle Permian, a therapsid-dominated fauna, containing a diverse array of parareptiles and a considerably reduced richness of amphibians, replaced this. However, it is debated whether the transition is a genuine event, accompanied by a mass extinction, or whether it is merely an artefact of the shift in sampling from the palaeoequatorial latitudes to the palaeotemperate latitudes. Here we use an up-to-date biostratigraphy and incorporate recent discoveries to thoroughly review the Permian tetrapod fossil record. We suggest that the faunal transition represents a genuine event; the lower Permian temperate faunas are more similar to lower Permian equatorial faunas than middle Permian temperate faunas. The transition was not consistent across latitudes; the turnover occurred more rapidly in Russia, but was delayed in North America. The argument that the mass extinction is an artefact of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a shift in sampling localities is rejected: sampling correction demonstrates an inverse latitudinal biodiversity gradient was prevalent during the Permian, with peak diversity in the temperate latitudes.
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41

Dawson, O. "Fusiline foraminiferal biostratigraphy and carbonate facies of the Permian Ratburi Limestone, Saraburi, central Thailand." Journal of Micropalaeontology 12, no. 1 (August 1, 1993): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.12.1.9.

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Abstract. A succession of Permian carbonates outcropping along the highway north of Saraburi, central Thailand, has yielded a prolific and diverse fusiline-algal assemblage of Early Permian (Sakmarian) to early Late Permian (Midian) age. Six major units representing dominantly carbonate platform environments are recognised: turbidite and basin slope deposits, a platform margin algal reef, a back reef, an interior platform with patch reefs, a protected lagoon inner platform, and supratidal, dolomitised algal mats. Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes form major reef frameworks analogous to those described from the Middle Permian reefs of Trogkofel (southern Austria) and El Capitan (western Texas). The associated dasycladacean floras are assignable to the Eastern Circum-Pacific Realm, whilst the fusiline fauna has Arctic-Tethyan affinities in the Early Permian and Tethyan affinities in the Middle Permian. Eight fusuline assemblage zones are recognised and the Robustoschwagerina-Nagatoella Zone, representing the Sakmarian (early Artinskian) stage, is recorded for the first time from central Thailand. Phylogenetic studies of the fusulines, coupled with an examination of the diagenetic fabrics and field observations, indicate the presence of an unconformity during the late Early Permian-early Middle Permian, which may be correlatable with a worldwide eustatic sea-level fall or may be due to local tectonic movements.
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42

Zhu, Chuan Qing, Song Rao, and Sheng Biao Hu. "Paleo-Heat Flow Anomaly at the End of Middle Permian in NE Sichuan Basin, SW China: Did an Ocean Trough Exist?" Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.139.

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It is an issue whether the Kaijiang-Liangping area (in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, SW China) was a controversial ocean trough during Changxing age in the late Permian-early Triassic. Some vitrinite reflectance (Ro) profiles from wells in the northeastern Sichuan Basin show obvious breaks, and the breaks are coincident with the boundary between the middle Permian and late Permian. Based on the Ro data, the heat flow history in the northeastern Sichuan Basin was reconstructed. The result shows that the heat flow reached its peak value at the end of middle Permian (~260Ma). The spatiotemporal feature of the heat flow evolution is not in agreement with the fact that there was a Kaijiang-Liangping Trough existing in the late-Permian to early Triassic. The palaeo-heat flow anomaly was, in fact, a response to the igneous activity in late middle Permian.
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43

Thomas, Charmaine M. "Permian source rocks of the onshore and nearshore Carnarvon Basin." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20199.

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A new sampling program of Permian potential source rocks was undertaken to improve knowledge of the Permian petroleum prospectivity in new parts of the Southern Carnarvon and inboard Northern Carnarvon Basins. Presented here are new Rock-Eval data from previously unsampled wells, drillholes and outcrop and new infill sampling between existing data points. Kerogen assemblages of selected intervals were also determined from palynofacies analysis or organic petrography, which suggests the good Permian source rocks are generally dominated by gas-prone kerogens. Possibly terrestrial-derived oil-prone kerogen can also be frequently found in thin intervals of the upper Permian and more rarely in lower Permian in the onshore northern Carnarvon Basin.
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Andrade, Luiz Saturnino de, and Afonso César Rodrigues Nogueira. "SILICIFICAÇÃO PERMIANA DA BACIA DO PARNAÍBA: EXISTE CORRELAÇÃO COM PERMIAN CHERT EVENT (PCE)?" BOLETIM DO MUSEU DE GEOCIÊNCIAS DA AMAZÔNIA 5 (2018), no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31419/issn.2594-942x.v52018i3a4lsa.

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45

Srivastava, S. C., and Neerja Jha. "Status of Kamthi Formation: lithological and palaeobotanical evidences." Journal of Palaeosciences 46, no. (1-2) (December 31, 1997): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1997.1321.

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On the basis of lithological, palynological and megafloral data the status of Kamthi Formation has been reviewed. Hitherto known Kamthi Formation which was said to be a time-transgressive unit (Permian-Triassic) actually represents a Triassic sequence overlying Permian sediments equivalent to Raniganj Formation. The presence of Permian taxa, viz., Glossopteris, Vertebraria and Phyllotheca in red claystone, ferruginous sandstone/shale unit (=Upper Member, Kamthi Formation) represent only the continuations of Permian taxa into the Triassic.
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46

Yanagida, Juichi, and Alain Pillevuit. "Permian Brachiopods from Oman." Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. Series D, Earth and planetary sciences 28, no. 2 (December 26, 1994): 61–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/1543652.

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47

Jun, Wang, and Shen Guanglong. "Permian phytogeography of China." Journal of Palaeosciences 45 (December 31, 1996): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1996.1244.

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Based on the characteristics, developing history and geotectonic position of different floral localities, the Permian flora of China may be divided into 13 phytoprovinces which belong to five phytoareas of four phytorealms, respectively.
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Baars, D. L. "Permian chronostratigraphy in Kansas." Geology 18, no. 8 (1990): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0687:pcik>2.3.co;2.

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49

Schneebeli-Hermann, E. "Extinguishing a Permian World." Geology 40, no. 3 (February 23, 2012): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/focus032012.1.

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50

Korte, Christoph, and Clemens V. Ullmann. "Permian strontium isotope stratigraphy." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 450, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp450.5.

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