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Journal articles on the topic 'Permeance matrix'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Nasir, Rizwan, Hilmi Mukhtar, Zakaria Man, Maizatul Shima Bt Shaharun, and Mohamad Zailani Abu Bakar. "Performance Enhancement of Mixed Matrix Membranes through the Incorporation of Alkanolamines for CO2/CH4 Separation." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 14, no. 2 (March 19, 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49706.

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Diethanolamine (DEA) solution was used in this study to enhance the performance of polyethersulfone (PES) – carbon molecular sieve (CMS) mixed matrix membrane (MMMs). These new amine mixed matrix membranes (A3Ms) were fabricated at room temperature by using fixed concentration of PES, CMS and different concentrations (5, 10 wt. %) of DEA. The developed mixed matrix membranes were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) in order to investigate the effect of DEA addition on morphology and thermal stability. Gas performance tests were also performed to measure the permeance and selectivity. The characterization results showed that the membranes were thermally stable, dense and non-porous. The gas performance tests showed that the permeance and selectivity of A3Ms is higher than the native PES membrane. CO2 permeance increases with the increase of DEA concentration. Hence it was found that with an addition of 10% (wt. %) DEA at a pressure of 2 bars, the CO2 permeance was increased from 50.86 to 127.06 GPU and the CO2/CH4 selectivity was also increased from 3.08 to 12.30.
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2

Kim, So Young, Younghyun Cho, and Sang Wook Kang. "Correlation between Functional Group and Formation of Nanoparticles in PEBAX/Ag Salt/Al Salt Complexes for Olefin Separation." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030667.

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poly ether-block-amide (PEBAX)-2533/metal salt/Al salt membranes were prepared for mixed olefin/paraffin separation. PEBAX-2533 with 80% ether group and 20% amide group was suggested as the polymer matrix for comparison of separation performance according to the functional group ratio in copolymer PEBAX. In addition, Al salts were used to stabilize metal ions for a long time as additives. High permeance was expected with the proportion of high ether groups, since these functional groups provided relatively permeable regions. As a result, the PEBAX-2533 composite membrane showed a selectivity of 5 (propylene/propane) with 10 GPU. However, the permeance of membrane was not unexpectedly improved and the selectivity was reduced. The result was analyzed by using SEM, RAMAN and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The reduction in separation performance was determined by using FT-IR. Based on these results, in order to stabilize the metal ions interacting with the polymer through Al(NO3)3, it was concluded that a specific ratio of the amide group was needed in PEBAX as a polymer matrix.
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3

Li, Guoqiang, Wojciech Kujawski, Katarzyna Knozowska, and Joanna Kujawa. "Thin Film Mixed Matrix Hollow Fiber Membrane Fabricated by Incorporation of Amine Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework for CO2/N2 Separation." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 3366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123366.

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Membrane separation technology can used to capture carbon dioxide from flue gas. However, plenty of research has been focused on the flat sheet mixed matrix membrane rather than the mixed matrix thin film hollow fiber membranes. In this work, mixed matrix thin film hollow fiber membranes were fabricated by incorporating amine functionalized UiO-66 nanoparticles into the Pebax® 2533 thin selective layer on the polypropylene (PP) hollow fiber supports via dip-coating process. The attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping analysis, and thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) were used to characterize the synthesized UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles. The morphology, surface chemistry, and the gas separation performance of the fabricated Pebax® 2533-UiO-66-NH2/PP mixed matrix thin film hollow fiber membranes were characterized by using SEM, ATR-FTIR, and gas permeance measurements, respectively. It was found that the surface morphology of the prepared membranes was influenced by the incorporation of UiO-66 nanoparticles. The CO2 permeance increased along with an increase of UiO-66 nanoparticles content in the prepared membranes, while the CO2/N2 ideal gas selectively firstly increased then decreased due to the aggregation of UiO-66 nanoparticles. The Pebax® 2533-UiO-66-NH2/PP mixed matrix thin film hollow fiber membranes containing 10 wt% UiO-66 nanoparticles exhibited the CO2 permeance of 26 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 37.
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Zhu, Lifang, Hongwei Yu, Huijuan Zhang, Jiangnan Shen, Lixin Xue, Congjie Gao, and Bart van der Bruggen. "Mixed matrix membranes containing MIL-53(Al) for potential application in organic solvent nanofiltration." RSC Advances 5, no. 89 (2015): 73068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10259f.

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PMIA MMMs with various amounts of MIL-53(Al) were developed through non-solvent induced phase separation and the MMMs permeance was increased dramatically while keeping high rejections in organic solvent nanofiltration.
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5

Zhu, Haitao, Xingming Jie, and Yiming Cao. "Fabrication of Functionalized MOFs Incorporated Mixed Matrix Hollow Fiber Membrane for Gas Separation." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2548957.

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The metal-organic framework (MOFs) of MIL-53 was functionalized by aminosilane grafting and then incorporated into Ultem®1000 polymer matrix to fabricate mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane (MMHFM) with high separation performance. SEM, XRD, and TGA were performed to characterize the functionalized MIL-53 and prepared MMHFM. The filler particles were embedded in membrane successfully and dispersed well in the polymer matrix. The incorporation of MOFs endowed MMHFM better thermal stability. Moreover, effects of solvent ratio in spinning dope, spinning condition, and testing temperature on gas separation performance of MMHFM were investigated. By optimizing dope composition, air gap distance, and bore fluid composition, MMHFM containing functionalized MIL-53 achieved excellent gas permeance and CO2/N2selectivity. The CO2permeance increased from 12.2 GPU for pure Ultem HFM to 30.9 GPU and the ideal CO2/N2selectivity was enhanced from 25.4 to 34.7 simultaneously. Additionally, gas permeance increased but the selectivity decreased with the temperature increase, which followed the solution-diffusion based transport mechanism.
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6

Park, Cheol Hun, Jung Pyo Jung, Jae Hun Lee, and Jong Hak Kim. "Enhancement of CO2 permeance by incorporating CaCO3 in Mixed Matrix Membranes." Membrane Journal 28, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14579/membrane_journal.2018.28.1.55.

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7

Nasir, Rizwan, Hilmi Mukhtar, Maizatul Shima Shaharun, and Zakaria Man. "Effect of Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS) Concentration on Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) Performance for Carbon Dioxide Removal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.869.

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Different compositions of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) were incorporated in polyethersulfone (PES) matrix to fabricate mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by solution casting method. The characterization was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis to investigate the morphology of membrane. FESEM images showed acceptable contacts between the filler particles and the polymer chains. The performance of the developed membrane is analyzed by single gas permeation measurement of high purity CO2 and CH4. Both CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 selectivity increased with CMS loadings as compared to pure PES membrane. Experimental results showed that the highest value of CO2 permeance (66.71 GPU) and CO2/CH4 selectivity (10.94) can be achieved with 30 wt. % loading of CMS particles. This can be credited to size discrimination of CMS pores that falls between CO2 and CH4 kinetic diameters.
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8

Chakrabarty, Tina, Pradeep Neelakanda, and Klaus-Viktor Peinemann. "CO2 Selective, Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-7 Based Polymer Composite Mixed-Matrix Membranes." Journal of Materials Science Research 7, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v7n3p1.

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CO2 removal is necessary to mitigate the effects of global warming but it is a challenging process to separate CO2 from natural gas, biogas, and other gas streams. Development of hybrid membranes by use of polymers and metal-organic framework (MOF) particles is a viable option to overcome this challenge. A ZIF-7 nano-filler that was synthesized in our lab was embedded into a designed polymer matrix at various loadings and the performance of the mixed matrix membranes was evaluated in terms of gas permeance and selectivity. Hybrid membranes with various loadings (20, 30 and 40 wt%) were developed and tested at room temperature by a custom made time lag equipment and a jump in selectivity was observed when compared with the pristine polymer. A commercially attractive region for the selectivity CO2 over CH4 was achieved with a selectivity of 39 for 40 wt% particle loading. An increase in selectivity was observed with the increase of ZIF-7 loadings. Best performance was seen at 40% ZIF-7 loaded membrane with an ideal selectivity of 39 for CO2 over CH4. The obtained selectivity was 105% higher for CO2 over CH4 than the selectivity of the pristine polymer with a slight decrease in permeance. Morphological characterization of such developed membranes showed an excellent compatibility between the polymer and particle adhesion.
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Lillepärg, Jelena, Evgeni Sperling, Marit Blanke, Martin Held, and Sergey Shishatskiy. "Multicomponent Network Formation in Selective Layer of Composite Membrane for CO2 Separation." Membranes 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030174.

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As a promising material for CO2/N2 separation, PolyActiveTM can be used as a separation layer in thin-film composite membranes (TFCM). Prior studies focused on the modification of PolyActiveTM using low-molecular-weight additives. In this study, the effect of chemical crosslinking of reactive end-groups containing additives, forming networks within selective layers of the TFCM, has been studied. In order to understand the influence of a network embedded into a polymer matrix on the properties of the resulting materials, various characterization methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas transport measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were used. The characterization of the resulting membrane regarding individual gas permeances by an in-house built “pressure increase” facility revealed a twofold increase in CO2 permeance, with insignificant losses in CO2/N2 selectivity.
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10

Kim, Na Un, Byeong Ju Park, Jae Hun Lee, and Jong Hak Kim. "High-performance ultrathin mixed-matrix membranes based on an adhesive PGMA-co-POEM comb-like copolymer for CO2 capture." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 24 (2019): 14723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02962a.

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High-performance membranes are prepared based on UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles dispersed in an adhesive PGMA-co-POEM comb-like copolymer. The membranes show excellent separation performance (CO2 permeance of 1320 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 30.8).
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11

Jamil, Asif, Oh Pei Ching, Muhammad Naqvi, Hafiza Aroosa Aslam Khan, and Salman Raza Naqvi. "Polyetherimide-Montmorillonite Nano-Hybrid Composite Membranes: CO2 Permeance Study via Theoretical Models." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010118.

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The incorporation of aminolauric acid modified montmorillonite (f-MMT) in polyetherimide (PEI) has been implemented to develop hollow fibre nano-hybrid composite membranes (NHCMs) with improved gas separation characteristics. The aforementioned characteristics are caused by enhanced f-MMT spatial dispersion and interfacial interactions with PEI matrix. In this study, existing gas permeation models such as, Nielsen, Cussler, Yang–Cussler, Lape–Cussler and Bharadwaj were adopted to estimate the dispersion state of f-MMT and to predict the CO2 permeance in developed NHCMs. It was found out that the average aspect ratio estimated was 53, with 3 numbers of stacks per unit tactoid, which showed that the intercalation f-MMT morphology is the dominating dispersion state of filler in PEI matrix. Moreover, it was observed that Bharadwaj model showed the least average absolute relative error (%AARE) values till 3 wt. % f-MMT loading in the range of ±10 for a pressure range of 2 to 10 bar. Hence, Bharadwaj was the best fit model for the experimental data compared to other models, as it considers the platelets orientation.
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12

Ameen, Ahmed W., Peter M. Budd, and Patricia Gorgojo. "Superglassy Polymers to Treat Natural Gas by Hybrid Membrane/Amine Processes: Can Fillers Help?" Membranes 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120413.

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Superglassy polymers have emerged as potential membrane materials for several gas separation applications, including acid gas removal from natural gas. Despite the superior performance shown at laboratory scale, their use at industrial scale is hampered by their large drop in gas permeability over time due to physical aging. Several strategies are proposed in the literature to prevent loss of performance, the incorporation of fillers being a successful approach. In this work, we provide a comprehensive economic study on the application of superglassy membranes in a hybrid membrane/amine process for natural gas sweetening. The hybrid process is compared with the more traditional stand-alone amine-absorption technique for a range of membrane gas separation properties (CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 selectivity), and recommendations for long-term membrane performance are made. These recommendations can drive future research on producing mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) of superglassy polymers with anti-aging properties (i.e., target permeance and selectivity is maintained over time), as thin film nanocomposite membranes (TFNs). For the selected natural gas composition of 28% of acid gas content (8% CO2 and 20% H2S), we have found that a CO2 permeance of 200 GPU and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 16 is an optimal target.
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13

Nordin, Nik Abdul Hadi Md, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Surya Murali Racha, Ng Be Cheer, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Zulfan Adi Putra, and Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal. "Limitation in Fabricating PSf/ZIF-8 Hollow Fiber Membrane for CO2/CH4 Separation." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v3i2.12757.

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Hollow fiber membrane configuration is way forward in membrane development since it possesses higher packing density and effective surface area per unit module compared to other configuration. Since majority of mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for gas separation reported focuses on flat sheet membrane development, this report aims to address the challenges faced in fabricating hollow fiber MMM. In this study, hollow fiber formulation is fabricated and their MMM using different types of fillers (virgin and modified ZIF-8) are prepared and used as a dispersed phase. The neat hollow fiber membrane shows good results with CO2 permeance of 104.39 GPU and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 29.28, in comparison with reported literature. Upon filler incorporation, the resulted MMMs appear to be diminished in both CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 selectivity. While using modified ZIF-8, lesser deterioration was shown compared to pure ZIF-8, this phenomenon is likely to occur due to the changes in solution stability which causes notable changes in membrane morphology and performances.
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14

Rafiq, Sikander, Adulhalim Shah Maulud, Zakaria Man, and Nawshad Muhammad. "Gas Permeation Models in Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.317.

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Various theoretical models on CO2 permeation were discussed that included Maxwell model, Bruggeman model, Lewis-Nielson model and Pal model. These models were used for comparing the relative permeance of CO2 with the previously published experimental data on silica nanoparticles filled polysulfone/polyimide (PSF/PI) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The results showed that the deviation was in the increasing order: Lewis-Nielsen model< Maxwell model< Pal model< Bruggeman model. All these models assumed that the fillers are spherical in shape. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) cross-sectional image indicated that the silica particles were prolate ellipsoids that were dispersed in the matrix. To investigate the prolate effect, the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillar (MWS) model was employed. The evaluation from cross-sectional image of the membrane structure indicated that the shape factor along z-direction gave a minimum deviation of 17.52%-20.10% at 2-10 bar feed pressure respectively.
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15

Choi, Ook, Iqubal Hossain, Insu Jeong, Chul-Ho Park, Yeonho Kim, and Tae-Hyun Kim. "Modified Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Thin-Film Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes through Interface Polymerization on Hydrophilic Substrate for CO2 Separation." Membranes 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090650.

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Thin-film composite mixed matrix membranes (CMMMs) were fabricated using interfacial polymerization to achieve high permeance and selectivity for CO2 separation. This study revealed the role of substrate properties on performance, which are not typically considered important. In order to enhance the affinity between the substrate and the coating solution during interfacial polymerization and increase the selectivity of CO2, a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dopamine (DOPA) was subjected to a spinning process. Then, the surface of the substrate was subjected to interfacial polymerization using polyethyleneimine (PEI), trimesoyl chloride (TMC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The effect of adding SDS as a surfactant on the structure and gas permeation properties of the fabricated membranes was examined. Thin-film composite hollow fiber membranes containing modified graphene oxide (mGO) were fabricated, and their characteristics were analyzed. The membranes exhibited very promising separation performance, with CO2 permeance of 73 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 60. From the design of a membrane substrate for separating CO2, the CMMMs hollow fiber membrane was optimized using the active layer and mGO nanoparticles through interfacial polymerization.
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Wang, Guxu, Xin Zhang, Mingjie Wei, and Yong Wang. "Mechanism of permeance enhancement in mixed-matrix reverse osmosis membranes incorporated with graphene and its oxides." Separation and Purification Technology 270 (September 2021): 118818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118818.

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17

Ismail, N. M., A. F. Ismail, A. Mustafa, A. K. Zulhairun, and N. A. H. M. Nordin. "Enhanced carbon dioxide separation by polyethersulfone (PES) mixed matrix membranes deposited with clay." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0048.

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Abstract Asymmetric mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) incorporating Cloisite15A (C15A) clay particles were prepared using solvent evaporation and phase inversion with polyethersulfone (PES) as the membrane matrix. C15A loadings varied at 1 wt% and 5 wt%. Membrane morphological and thermal properties were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Addition of the C15A favorably altered the microscopic structure of membranes from finger-like to homogeneous sponge-like structure as the loading increased. While the amorphous nature of MMMs was retained, the thermal stability was also found to be improved with a slight decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg). PES/C15A1 MMM showed the best gas transport properties, with 37% and 65% improvement in CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 selectivity, respectively. Unlike 1 wt%, the loss in selectivity shown by 5 wt% clay loadings suggested that the interphase voids and extent of silicate layers dispersion play a significant role in the overall performance of MMMs.
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18

Shu, Lun, Lin-Hua Xie, Yingshuang Meng, Tongxin Liu, Cui Zhao, and Jian-Rong Li. "A thin and high loading two-dimensional MOF nanosheet based mixed-matrix membrane for high permeance nanofiltration." Journal of Membrane Science 603 (May 2020): 118049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118049.

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19

Mohshim, Dzeti F., Hilmi Mukhtar, Binay K. Dutta, and Zakaria Man. "Predicting CO2 Permeation through an Enhanced Ionic Liquid Mixed Matrix Membrane (IL3M)." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9525783.

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Ionic liquid mixed matrix membranes (IL3Ms) were synthesized using polyethersulfone (PES) as the base polymer and silica-aluminophosphate (SAPO-34) as the dispersed particles, and their CO2 permeation was investigated. Three of the most widely used models for gas separation—the Maxwell, Lewis–Nielson, and Maxwell–Wagner–Sillar (MWS) models—were then applied to the membranes. Large deviations were found between the model predictions and experimental data. FESEM images suggested that local agglomeration and disorientation of the SAPO-34 particles within the membrane afforded substantial changes in the morphology. The MWS model, which considers the shape factor, was modified to incorporate the volume fraction of the wetted dispersed phase and the ideal shape factor. A direct relationship was found between the filler concentration and the shape factor. The modified model was shown to produce absolute and relative errors of less than 3%. When validated against data from the literature, the deviation remained within 5%. The modified model can be used to estimate the gas permeance of an IL3M.
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Bakhtin, Danila, Stepan Bazhenov, Victoria Polevaya, Evgenia Grushevenko, Sergey Makaev, Galina Karpacheva, Vladimir Volkov, and Alexey Volkov. "Aging of Thin-Film Composite Membranes Based on Crosslinked PTMSP/PEI Loaded with Highly Porous Carbon Nanoparticles of Infrared Pyrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile." Membranes 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120419.

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The mitigation of the physical aging of thin-film composite (TFC) poly[1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne] (PTMSP) membranes was studied via the simultaneous application of a polymer-selective layer crosslinking and mixed-matrix membrane approach. For the first time, a recently developed highly porous activated carbon material (infrared (IR) pyrolyzed poly[acrylonitrile] (PAN) or IR-PAN-a) was investigated as an additive to a PTMSP-selective layer for the reduction of aging in TFC membranes. The total electric energy spent on the IR irradiation treatment of IR-PAN-a particles was twice lower than conventional heating. The flat-sheet porous microfiltration membrane MFFK-1 was used as a support, and the crosslinked PTMSP/PEI loaded with a porous filler was applied as a selective layer (0.8–1.8 µm thick) to the TFC membranes. The initial IR-PAN-a sample was additionally milled to obtain a milled IR-PAN-aM sample with a monomodal particle size distribution of 500–800 nm. It was shown that IR-PAN-a, as a filler material with a high surface area and pore volume (2450 m2/g and 1.06 cm3/g, respectively) and a well-developed sponge-like structure, leads to the increase of the N2, O2, and CO2 permeance of PTMSP-based hybrid membrane material and the decrease of the aging of PTMSP. The simultaneous effect of crosslinking and the addition of a highly porous filler essentially improved the aging behavior of PTMSP-based TFC membranes. The monomodal and narrow particle size distribution of highly porous activated IR-pyrolyzed PAN is a key factor for the production of TFC membranes with reduced aging. The highest stability was achieved by the addition of a milled IR-PAN-aM sample (10 wt%). TFC membrane permeance was 6300 GPU (30% of initial permeance) after 11,000 h of aging at ambient laboratory conditions.
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21

des Ligneris, Elise, Ludovic F. Dumée, Riyadh Al-Attabi, Erwan Castanet, Jürg Schütz, and Lingxue Kong. "Mixed Matrix Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Copper Nanofibrous Anti-Microbial Air-Microfilters." Membranes 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070087.

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Membranes decorated with biocide materials have shown great potential for air sanitization but can suffer from biocide agent leaching by dissolution in water. In order to tackle the diffusion of biocide metal ions from the fiber matrix, composite nanofiber membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cross-linked with copper (II) acetate have been successfully engineered via sol–gel electrospinning, providing a stable mean for air bactericidal microfiltration. The novelty lies in the bonding strength and homogeneous distribution of the fiber surface biocide, where biocide metals are incorporated as a sol within a polymer matrix. The electrospinning of bead-free composite nanofibers offered over 99.5% filtration efficiency for PM2.5, with a theoretical permeance above 98%. The PVA/copper nanofiber membranes also showed satisfactory anti-bacterial performance against the gram-negative Escherichia coli within 24 h, making them promising materials for the remediation of airborne bacteria. The mechanical and chemical stability of the engineered nanocomposite electrospun nanofiber webs added to the natural biodegradability of the materials, by offering ideal low-cost sanitary solutions for the application of air disinfection in both indoor and outdoor fitting a circular economy strategy where advanced materials are redesigned to be sustainable.
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Julian, Helen, Putu Doddy Sutrisna, Ahmad Nurul Hakim, Herditya Oktania Harsono, Yohanes Antonius Hugo, and I. G. Wenten. "Nano-silica/polysulfone asymmetric mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) with high CO2 permeance in the application of CO2/N2 separation." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials 58, no. 6 (September 19, 2018): 678–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2018.1520253.

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23

Lu, Jiangfeng, Xu Zhang, Lusheng Xu, Guoliang Zhang, Jiuhan Zheng, Zhaowei Tong, Chong Shen, and Qin Meng. "Preparation of Amino-Functional UiO-66/PIMs Mixed Matrix Membranes with [bmim][Tf2N] as Regulator for Enhanced Gas Separation." Membranes 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010035.

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Development of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with excellent permeance and selectivity applied for gas separation has been the focus of world attention. However, preparation of high-quality MMMs still remains a big challenge due to the lack of enough interfacial interaction. Herein, ionic liquid (IL)-modified UiO-66-NH2 filler was first incorporated into microporous organic polymer material (PIM-1) to prepare dense and defect-free mixed matrix membranes via a coating modification and priming technique. IL [bmim][Tf2N] not only improves the hydrophobicity of UiO-66-NH2 and facilitates better dispersion of UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles into PIM-1 matrix, but also promotes the affinity between MOFs and polymer, sharply reducing interface non-selective defects of MMMs. By using this strategy, we can not only facilely synthesize high-quality MMMs ignoring non-selective interfacial voids, but also structurally regulate MOF nanoparticles in the polymer substrate and greatly improve interface compatibility and stability of MMMs. The method also gives suitable level of generality for fabrication of versatile defect-free MMMs based on different combination of MOFs and PIMs. The prepared UiO-66-NH2@IL/PIM-1 membrane exhibited outstanding gas separation behavior with large CO2 permeation of 8283.4 Barrer and high CO2/N2 selectivity of 22.5.
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Ren, Xiuxiu, Masakoto Kanezashi, Meng Guo, Rong Xu, Jing Zhong, and Toshinori Tsuru. "Multiple Amine-Contained POSS-Functionalized Organosilica Membranes for Gas Separation." Membranes 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030194.

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A new polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) designed with eight –(CH2)3–NH–(CH2)2–NH2 groups (PNEN) at its apexes was used as nanocomposite uploading into 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE)-derived organosilica to prepare mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. The mixtures of BTESE-PNEN were uniform with particle size of around 31 nm, which is larger than that of pure BTESE sols. The characterization of thermogravimetric (TG) and gas permeance indicates good thermal stability. A similar amine-contained material of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was doped into BTESE to prepare hybrid membranes through a copolymerized strategy as comparison. The pore size of the BTESE-PNEN membrane evaluated through a modified gas-translation model was larger than that of the BTESE-APTES hybrid membrane at the same concentration of additions, which resulted in different separation performance. The low values of Ep(CO2)-Ep(N2) and Ep(N2) for the BTESE-PNEN membrane at a low concentration of PNEN were close to those of copolymerized BTESE-APTES-related hybrid membranes, which illustrates a potential CO2 separation performance by using a mixed matrix membrane strategy with multiple amine POSS as particles.
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Shafie, Siti Nur Alwani, Wen Xuan Liew, Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Norazlianie Sazali, Zulfan Adi Putra, and Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal. "CO2-Philic [EMIM][Tf2N] Modified Silica in Mixed Matrix Membrane for High Performance CO2/CH4 Separation." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (January 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2924961.

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Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from methane (CH4) using polymeric membranes is limited by trade-off between permeability and selectivity as depicted in Robeson curve. To overcome this challenge, this study develops membranes by incorporating silica particles (Si) modified with [EMIM][Tf2N] ionic liquid (IL) at different IL:Si ratio to achieve desirable membrane properties and gas separation performance. Results show that the IL:Si particle has been successfully prepared, indicated by the presence of fluorine and nitrogen elements, as observed via Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS). Incorporation of the modified particles into membrane has given prominent effects on morphology and polymer chain flexibility. The mixed matrix membrane (MMM) cross-section morphology turns rougher in the presence of IL:Si during fracture due to higher loadings of silica particles and IL. Furthermore, the MMM becomes more flexible with IL presence due to IL-induced plasticization, independent of IL:Si ratio. The MMM with low IL content possesses CO2 permeance of 34.60 ± 0.26 GPU with CO2/CH4 selectivity of 85.10, which is far superior to a pure polycarbonate (PC) and PC-Sil membranes at 2 bar, which surpasses the Robeson Upper Bound. This higher CO2 selectivity is due to the presences of CO2-philic IL within the MMM system.
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Fauzan, Nur Aqilah Bt, Hilmi Mukhtar, Rizwan Nasir, Dzeti Farhah Bt Mohshim, Naviinthiran Arasu, Zakaria Man, and Hafiz Abdul Mannan. "Composite amine mixed matrix membranes for high-pressure CO 2 -CH 4 separation: synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (September 2020): 200795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200795.

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The key challenge in the synthesis of composite mixed matrix membrane (MMMs) is the incompatible membrane fabrication using porous support in the dry–wet phase inversion technique. The key objective of this research is to synthesize thin composite ternary (amine) mixed matrix membranes on microporous support by incorporating 10 wt% of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) and 5–15 wt% of diethanolamine (DEA) in polyethersulfone (PES) dope solution for the separation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from methane (CH 4 ) at high-pressure applications. The developed membranes were evaluated for their morphological structure, thermal and mechanical stabilities, functional groups, as well as for CO 2 -CH 4 separation performance at high pressure (10–30 bar). The results showed that the developed membranes have asymmetric structure, and they are mechanically strong at 30 bar. This new class of PES/CMS/DEA composite MMMs exhibited improved gas permeance compared to pure PES composite polymeric membrane. CO 2 -CH 4 perm-selectivity enhanced from 8.15 to 16.04 at 15 wt% of DEA at 30 bar pressure. The performance of amine composite MMMs is theoretically predicted using a modified Maxwell model. The predictions were in good agreement with experimental data after applying the optimized values with AARE % = ∼less than 2% and R 2 = 0.99.
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Cristóvão, Maria Beatriz, Solomon Tela, Andreia Filipa Silva, Micaela Oliveira, Andreia Bento-Silva, Maria Rosário Bronze, Maria Teresa Barreto Crespo, João Goulão Crespo, Mónica Nunes, and Vanessa Jorge Pereira. "Occurrence of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Viral Genomes in Wastewater Effluents and Their Treatment by a Pilot Scale Nanofiltration Unit." Membranes 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010009.

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Broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin), carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as viral genomes, were detected in grab samples of wastewater effluents. Passive samplers, which are simpler and easier to use and provide information about the concentrations and combination of contaminants present in a certain fluid matrix over time, proved to be extremely promising devices to monitor the presence of the target antibiotics in wastewater effluents. Nanofiltration was tested with a pilot-scale unit installed at a domestic wastewater treatment facility, using a Desal 5DK membrane operated at a constant transmembrane pressure of 6 bar and 70% recovery rate. In a 24 h experimental assay, the variation of the membrane permeance was low (6.3%). High rejections of the target contaminants from the wastewater effluent were obtained by the pilot-scale treatment. Hence, nanofiltration using the Desal 5DK membrane is considered to be a promising treatment to cope with chemical and biological contaminants present in wastewater effluents.
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Castejón, Pilar, Marcelo Antunes, and David Arencón. "Development of Inorganic Particle-Filled Polypropylene/High Density Polyethylene Membranes via Multilayer Co-Extrusion and Stretching." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020306.

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This work is made to ascertain the effects of mineral fillers, namely calcium carbonate and talc, on the morphology and properties of multilayer polypropylene (PP)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) porous membranes. Multilayer membranes were prepared using the three-stage Melt-Extrusion, Annealing and Uniaxial Stretching (MEAUS) process. The orientation of PP’s crystalline phase was affected by both the flow-induced crystallization and the heterogeneous nucleation promoted by the fillers. A synergistic effect was observed in the filled samples due to the generation of pores after the stretching-induced lamellae separation and the debonding of mineral fillers from the polymeric matrix. The fillers increased the porous surface, leading to an increase of permeance to air, being this effect more marked at higher filler contents. Talc showed a higher efficiency to create porous surfaces when compared to calcium carbonate. The thermal stability of the membranes increased with filler addition, as well as their stiffness and strength.
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Perea-Cachero, Adelaida, Miren Etxeberría-Benavides, Oana David, Adam Deacon, Timothy Johnson, Magdalena Malankowska, Carlos Téllez, and Joaquín Coronas. "Pre-combustion gas separation by ZIF-8-polybenzimidazole mixed matrix membranes in the form of hollow fibres—long-term experimental study." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 9 (September 2021): 210660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210660.

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Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a promising and suitable membrane polymer for the separation of the H 2 /CO 2 pre-combustion gas mixture due to its high performance in terms of chemical and thermal stability and intrinsic H 2 /CO 2 selectivity. However, there is a lack of long-term separation studies with this polymer, particularly when it is conformed as hollow fibre membrane. This work reports the continuous measurement of the H 2 /CO 2 separation properties of PBI hollow fibres, prepared as mixed matrix membranes with metal-organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8 as filler. To enhance the scope of the experimental approach, ZIF-8 was synthesized from the transformation of ZIF-L upon up-scaling the MOF synthesis into a 1 kg batch. The effects of membrane healing with poly(dimethylsiloxane), to avoid cracks and non-selective gaps, and operation conditions (use of sweep gas or not) were also examined at 200°C during approximately 51 days. In these conditions, for all the membrane samples studied, the H 2 permeance was in the 22–47 GPU range corresponding to 22–32 H 2 /CO 2 selectivity values. Finally, this work continues our previous report on this type of application (Etxeberria-Benavides et al . 2020 Sep. Purif. Technol. 237 , 116347 ( doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116347 )) with important novelties dealing with the use of ZIF-8 for the mixed matrix membrane coming from a green methodology, the long-term gas separation testing for more than 50 days and the study on the membrane operation under more realistic conditions (e.g. without the use of sweep gas).
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Nikolaeva, Daria, Sandrine Loïs, Paul Inge Dahl, Marius Sandru, Jolanta Jaschik, Marek Tanczyk, Alessio Fuoco, Johannes Carolus Jansen, and Ivo F. J. Vankelecom. "Water Vapour Promotes CO2 Transport in Poly(ionic liquid)/Ionic Liquid-Based Thin-Film Composite Membranes Containing Zinc Salt for Flue Gas Treatment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 3859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113859.

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A poly(ionic-liquid) (PIL) matrix can be altered by incorporating additives that will disrupt the polymer chain packing, such as an ionic liquid (IL) and inorganic salts to boost their exploitation as materials for membrane production to be used in CO2 capture. Herein, potential of PIL/IL/salt blends is investigated on the example of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (P[DADMA][Tf2N]) with N-butyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Pyrr14][Tf2N]) and zinc di-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Zn[Tf2N]2). Composite material with IL and a higher amount of Zn2+ showed an increase in the equilibrium CO2 sorption capacity to 2.77 cm3 (STP)cm −3 bar−1. Prepared blends were successfully processed into thick, dense membranes and thin-film composite membranes. Their CO2 separation efficiency was determined using ideal and mixed-gas feed (vol% CO2 = 50 , dry and with 90% relative humidity). The dominant role of solubility in the transport mechanism is confirmed by combining direct gravimetric sorption measurements and indirect estimations from time-lag experiments. The maximum incorporated amount of Zn2+ salts increased equilibrium solubility selectivity by at least 50% in comparison to the parent PIL. All materials showed increased CO2 permeance values by at least 30% in dry conditions, and 60% in humidified conditions when compared to the parent PIL; the performance of pure PIL remained unchanged upon addition of water vapor to the feed stream. Mixed-gas selectivities for all materials rose by 10% in humidified conditions when compared to dry feed experiments. Our results confirm that the addition of IL improves the performance of PIL-based composites due to lower stiffness of the membrane matrix. The addition of Zn2+-based salt had a marginal effect on CO2 separation efficiency, suggesting that the cation participates in the facilitated transport of CO2.
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31

Nosrati, Amin, and Jalal Nazarzadeh. "Analysis of linear induction machines with internal fault by MEC." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 959–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2016-0360.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce an asymmetric structure of the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) for analysis of the linear induction machine (LIM) with an internal short circuit fault. Design/methodology/approach By applying a proper MEC to the LIM, a generalized relation for the inductance matrix of the machine can be directly determined. To evaluate the proposed model, the stator currents and the air-gap flux with the proposed technique are given and compared to the simulation and experimental results in the healthy and fault conditions. Findings The LIM is an axial flux machine with a wide range of applications in high-performance drives. Due to a well-tried effect of the first tooth and the last one (the end effect), the performance level of the LIM decreases. Also, the analysis of the linear machines in fault conditions illustrates more complexity compared to the rotary induction machine. However, the MEC is very simple, describing the behavior of the asymmetric electromechanical devices using the magnetic reluctance or the permeance of flux paths. Originality/value Using the proposed model, there would be some decrease in the complications of the LIM analysis in the asymmetrical conditions. Moreover, analyzing some of the characteristics of the LIM, such as turn-fault condition, it can be calculated with high accuracy.
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32

Villalobos, Luis Francisco, Cédric Van Goethem, Kuang-Jung Hsu, Shaoxian Li, Mina Moradi, Kangning Zhao, Mostapha Dakhchoune, et al. "Bottom-up synthesis of graphene films hosting atom-thick molecular-sieving apertures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (September 7, 2021): e2022201118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022201118.

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Incorporation of a high density of molecular-sieving nanopores in the graphene lattice by the bottom-up synthesis is highly attractive for high-performance membranes. Herein, we achieve this by a controlled synthesis of nanocrystalline graphene where incomplete growth of a few nanometer-sized, misoriented grains generates molecular-sized pores in the lattice. The density of pores is comparable to that obtained by the state-of-the-art postsynthetic etching (1012 cm−2) and is up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of molecular-sieving intrinsic vacancy defects in single-layer graphene (SLG) prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The porous nanocrystalline graphene (PNG) films are synthesized by precipitation of C dissolved in the Ni matrix where the C concentration is regulated by controlled pyrolysis of precursors (polymers and/or sugar). The PNG film is made of few-layered graphene except near the grain edge where the grains taper down to a single layer and eventually terminate into vacancy defects at a node where three or more grains meet. This unique nanostructure is highly attractive for the membranes because the layered domains improve the mechanical robustness of the film while the atom-thick molecular-sized apertures allow the realization of large gas transport. The combination of gas permeance and gas pair selectivity is comparable to that from the nanoporous SLG membranes prepared by state-of-the-art postsynthetic lattice etching. Overall, the method reported here improves the scale-up potential of graphene membranes by cutting down the processing steps.
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Moreira, Francine do Couto Lima, Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho, João Batista de Souza, and Lawrence Gonzaga Lopes. "Sorption, solubility and residual monomers of a dental adhesive cured by different light-curing units." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 5 (2010): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000500010.

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The aim of this study was to assess polymerization ability of three light-curing units by evaluating the influence of the light source, curing regimen and permeant (water or ethanol) on sorption, solubility and amount of residual monomers of a dental adhesive. Specimens of Adper Single Bond 2 were fabricated using a stainless steel circular matrix (8 mm x 1 mm). One quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) lamp and two light-emitting diode (LED) device at three different curing regimes (L1 = 12 J; L2 = 24 J; L3 = 24 J) were used to cure the specimens. Specimens were stored in two types of permeants - deionized water or 75% ethanol - for two storage times (G1 =7 days; G2 = 30 days). The specimens underwent water sorption and solubility tests, according to ISO 4049:2000 standard. After storage, residual monomers were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For sorption, L1 showed the highest values and QTH, the lowest. For solubility, in ethanol-stored groups, L1 had also the highest values, and QTH, the lowest, and findings were significantly different from the other curing regimens. L1 leached significantly more monomers than the others, and QTH had the lowest results. In conclusion, the type of light source, the curing regimen and the permeant affected sorption, solubility and amount of residual monomers of the adhesive under study.
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34

Smith, Stefan J. D., Rujing Hou, Cher Hon Lau, Kristina Konstas, Melanie Kitchin, Guangxi Dong, Jongmyeong Lee, et al. "Highly permeable Thermally Rearranged Mixed Matrix Membranes (TR-MMM)." Journal of Membrane Science 585 (September 2019): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.05.046.

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35

Zhang, Shiping, and Litang Yan. "Development of an Efficient Oil Film Damper for Improving the Control of Rotor Vibration." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906277.

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An efficient oil film damper known as a porous squeeze film damper (PSFD) was developed for more effective and reliable vibration control of high-speed rotors based on the conventional squeeze film damper (SFD). The outer race of the PSFD is made of permeable sintered porous metal materials. The permeability allows some of the oil to permeate into and seep out of the porous matrix, with remarkable improvement of the squeeze film damping properties. The characteristics of PSFD oil film stiffness and damping coefficients and permeability, and also, the steady-state unbalance response of a simple rigid rotor and flexible Jeffcott’s rotor supported on PSFD and SFD are investigated. A typical experiment is presented. Investigations show that the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the unpressurized SFD system such as bistable jump phenomena and “lockup” at rotor pin-pin critical speeds could be avoided and virtually disappear under much greater unbalance levels with properly designed PSFD system. PSFD has the potential advantage of operating effectively under relatively large unbalance conditions.
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36

Ling, Bowen, Alexandre M. Tartakovsky, and Ilenia Battiato. "Dispersion controlled by permeable surfaces: surface properties and scaling." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 801 (July 19, 2016): 13–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.431.

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Permeable and porous surfaces are common in natural and engineered systems. Flow and transport above such surfaces are significantly affected by the surface properties, e.g. matrix porosity and permeability. However, the relationship between such properties and macroscopic solute transport is largely unknown. In this work, we focus on mass transport in a two-dimensional channel with permeable porous walls under fully developed laminar flow conditions. By means of perturbation theory and asymptotic analysis, we derive the set of upscaled equations describing mass transport in the coupled channel–porous-matrix system and an analytical expression relating the dispersion coefficient with the properties of the surface, namely porosity and permeability. Our analysis shows that their impact on the dispersion coefficient strongly depends on the magnitude of the Péclet number, i.e. on the interplay between diffusive and advective mass transport. Additionally, we demonstrate different scaling behaviours of the dispersion coefficient for thin or thick porous matrices. Our analysis shows the possibility of controlling the dispersion coefficient, i.e. transverse mixing, by either active (i.e. changing the operating conditions) or passive mechanisms (i.e. controlling matrix effective properties) for a given Péclet number. By elucidating the impact of matrix porosity and permeability on solute transport, our upscaled model lays the foundation for the improved understanding, control and design of microporous coatings with targeted macroscopic transport features.
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37

Lund, Patricia, and David Wiggins. "The matrix water space of mitochondria in situ in isolated hepatocytes." Bioscience Reports 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01122728.

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The intracellular and mitochondrial matrix water-permeable spaces were measured in intact, respiring hepatocytes from normal fed, 48 h starved, and protein fed rats. The mitochondrial matrix constitutes 15–20 % of the total intracellular water, a proportion greater than has generally been assumed.
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Zhao, Qianqian, Jingwei Hou, Jiangnan Shen, Jindun Liu, and Yatao Zhang. "Long-lasting antibacterial behavior of a novel mixed matrix water purification membrane." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 36 (2015): 18696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06013c.

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39

Matthäi, Stephan K., and Mandefro Belayneh. "Fluid flow partitioning between fractures and a permeable rock matrix." Geophysical Research Letters 31, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003gl019027.

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Abedini, Reza, Mohammadreza Omidkhah, and Fatereh Dorosti. "Highly permeable poly(4-methyl-1-pentyne)/NH2-MIL 53 (Al) mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4 separation." RSC Adv. 4, no. 69 (2014): 36522–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra07030e.

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41

Kryuchkov, Yu N. "Structural analysis of permeable powder materials with random and matrix structures." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 33, no. 3-4 (1995): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00559780.

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42

Zhong, Zhen, Yun Jin Hu, Xin Hai Zhang, and Guo Long Chen. "Laboratory Study of Unsaturated Flow in a Single Fracture-Matrix System: A Conceptual Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.377.

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A conceptual laboratory model for studying unsaturated flow in a single fracture-matrix system is developed in this paper. The model is capable of simulating the fracture and matrix with different samples, and three groups of contrastive experiments are conducted under a constant rainfall. The results show that fracture-matrix interactions have a great effect on the hydraulic properties of the fracture and matrix. The more distinctive the sample used to simulate the fracture and matrix is, the greater the influence is. Furthermore, the wetting front along the matrix runs ahead of that along the fracture, resulting in an extra water source for the fracture. It could be concluded fracture-matrix interactions and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the matrix cannot be ignored when the fracture is surrounded by a permeable matrix.
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43

Shukla, Arun Kumar, Javed Alam, Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali, and Mansour Alhoshan. "A highly permeable zinc-based MOF/polyphenylsulfone composite membrane with elevated antifouling properties." Chemical Communications 56, no. 39 (2020): 5231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc01499k.

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In this study, for the first time, a highly permeable composite membrane was constructed by incorporating a zinc-based metal–organic framework (Zn-MOF) in a polyphenylsulfone matrix for the elevation of antifouling properties.
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44

Li, Xu, Chonggen Pan, Dong Li, Jian Geng, Na Chen, Jingzi He, and Shuhua Liu. "Design of CNS-Li2SiO3 Permeable Protective Coatings and Effects on Mortar Matrix." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071733.

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In this paper, we prepared permeable protective coatings composed of lithium silicate (Li2SiO3), where the coating was modified by colloidal nano-silica (CNS). Three levels of lithium silicate (i.e., 30 wt. %; 40 wt. %; 50 wt. %), sodium silicate (i.e., 5 wt. %; 10 wt. %; 15 wt. %), and surfactant (i.e., 0.05 wt. %; 0.1 wt. %; 0.15 wt. %) were involved in this study. An orthogonal experiment design selected the optimal proportion basedon thestrength and water absorption requirements of mortar. The effects of CNS-Li2SiO3 coating on the resistance to permeability of chloride ions and carbonation of specimens were also studied. The outcomes were interpreted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) techniques. The results showed that the optimum mix formulation consisted of 40 wt. % of lithium silicate, 10 wt. % of sodium silicate and 0.1 wt. % of surfactant within the mixtures investigated. Meanwhile, compared tothe control group, after the specimens were coated at 21 days curing age of mortar, the strength development, 48-h water absorption, resistance to chloride ions penetration, and carbonation of CNS-Li2SiO3 coated specimenswere improved. This could be attributed to the second hydration, leading to a reduction of the content of Ca(OH)2 and an increase of the amount of C–S–H gel within specimens. Thus, the microstructure of mortar matrix was improved after coated with CNS-Li2SiO3 permeable protective coatings.
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Kim, Young Jun, Seung Jae Moon, and Jong Hak Kim. "Highly-permeable SBS/UiO-66 Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/N2 Separation." Membrane Journal 30, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14579/membrane_journal.2020.30.5.319.

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46

Qiao, Zhihua, Song Zhao, Jixiao Wang, Shichang Wang, Zhi Wang, and Michael D. Guiver. "A Highly Permeable Aligned Montmorillonite Mixed‐Matrix Membrane for CO 2 Separation." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 32 (June 17, 2016): 9467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201603211.

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Qiao, Zhihua, Song Zhao, Jixiao Wang, Shichang Wang, Zhi Wang, and Michael D. Guiver. "A Highly Permeable Aligned Montmorillonite Mixed‐Matrix Membrane for CO 2 Separation." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 32 (August 2016): 9321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201603211.

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48

Gao, Jinfang, and Huiling Xing. "LBM simulation of fluid flow in fractured porous media with permeable matrix." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters 2, no. 3 (2012): 032001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/2.1203201.

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49

Hosseinabadi, Navid. "The alkaline-earth metal alanate embedded selective gas permeable PMMA matrix-nanocomposite." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 2 (January 2021): 2362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.125.

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50

Kisil, A., and L. J. Ayton. "Aerodynamic noise from rigid trailing edges with finite porous extensions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 836 (December 11, 2017): 117–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.782.

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This paper investigates the effects of finite flat porous extensions to semi-infinite impermeable flat plates in an attempt to control trailing-edge noise through bio-inspired adaptations. Specifically the problem of sound generated by a gust convecting in uniform mean steady flow scattering off the trailing edge and the permeable–impermeable junction is considered. This set-up supposes that any realistic trailing-edge adaptation to a blade would be sufficiently small so that the turbulent boundary layer encapsulates both the porous edge and the permeable–impermeable junction, and therefore the interaction of acoustics generated at these two discontinuous boundaries is important. The acoustic problem is tackled analytically through use of the Wiener–Hopf method. A two-dimensional matrix Wiener–Hopf problem arises due to the two interaction points (the trailing edge and the permeable–impermeable junction). This paper discusses a new iterative method for solving this matrix Wiener–Hopf equation which extends to further two-dimensional problems, in particular those involving analytic terms that exponentially grow in the upper or lower half-planes. This method is an extension of the commonly used ‘pole removal’ technique and avoids the need for full matrix factorisation. Convergence of this iterative method to an exact solution is shown to be particularly fast when terms neglected in the second step are formally smaller than all other terms retained. The new method is validated by comparing the iterative solutions for acoustic scattering by a finite impermeable plate against a known solution (obtained in terms of Mathieu functions). The final acoustic solution highlights the effects of the permeable–impermeable junction on the generated noise, in particular how this junction affects the far-field noise generated by high-frequency gusts by creating an interference to typical trailing-edge scattering. This effect results in partially porous plates predicting a lower noise reduction than fully porous plates when compared to fully impermeable plates.
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