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Journal articles on the topic 'Permeable surfaces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Leontiev, Alexander I. "BOUNDARY LAYERS ON PERMEABLE SURFACES." International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 27, no. 5-6 (2000): 548–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v27.i5-6.290.

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2

Ling, Bowen, Alexandre M. Tartakovsky, and Ilenia Battiato. "Dispersion controlled by permeable surfaces: surface properties and scaling." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 801 (July 19, 2016): 13–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.431.

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Permeable and porous surfaces are common in natural and engineered systems. Flow and transport above such surfaces are significantly affected by the surface properties, e.g. matrix porosity and permeability. However, the relationship between such properties and macroscopic solute transport is largely unknown. In this work, we focus on mass transport in a two-dimensional channel with permeable porous walls under fully developed laminar flow conditions. By means of perturbation theory and asymptotic analysis, we derive the set of upscaled equations describing mass transport in the coupled channel–porous-matrix system and an analytical expression relating the dispersion coefficient with the properties of the surface, namely porosity and permeability. Our analysis shows that their impact on the dispersion coefficient strongly depends on the magnitude of the Péclet number, i.e. on the interplay between diffusive and advective mass transport. Additionally, we demonstrate different scaling behaviours of the dispersion coefficient for thin or thick porous matrices. Our analysis shows the possibility of controlling the dispersion coefficient, i.e. transverse mixing, by either active (i.e. changing the operating conditions) or passive mechanisms (i.e. controlling matrix effective properties) for a given Péclet number. By elucidating the impact of matrix porosity and permeability on solute transport, our upscaled model lays the foundation for the improved understanding, control and design of microporous coatings with targeted macroscopic transport features.

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3

Shevelev, Yu D., and F. A. Maksimov. "Modeling a Flow around Permeable Surfaces." Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations 11, no. 4 (July 2019): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070048219040124.

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4

Hokenson, G. J. "Boundary Conditions for Flow Over Permeable Surfaces." Journal of Fluids Engineering 107, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242505.

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5

Starke, P., P. Göbel, and W. G. Coldewey. "Urban evaporation rates for water-permeable pavements." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 1161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.390.

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In urban areas the natural water balance is disturbed. Infiltration and evaporation are reduced, resulting in a high surface runoff and a typical city climate, which can lead to floods and damages. Water-permeable pavements have a high infiltration rate that reduces surface runoff by increasing the groundwater recharge. The high water retention capacity of the street body of up to 51 l/m2 and its connection via pores to the surface lead to higher evaporation rates than impermeable surfaces. A comparison of these two kinds of pavements shows a 16% increase in evaporation levels of water-permeable pavements. Furthermore, the evaporation from impermeable pavements is linked directly to rain events due to fast-drying surfaces. Water-permeable pavements show a more evenly distributed evaporation after a rain event. Cooling effects by evaporative heat loss can improve the city climate even several days after rain events. On a large scale use, uncomfortable weather like sultriness or dry heat can be prevented and the urban water balance can be attenuated towards the natural.

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6

Gillies, J. A., C. McKenna Neuman, and P. O’Brien. "Flow around surface-mounted permeable cubes on solid and deformable surfaces." Environmental Fluid Mechanics 21, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 619–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10652-021-09789-3.

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7

Moon, Young J., Ikhyun Bai, and Seungtae Hwang. "Control of edge-scattering noise via permeable surfaces." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (April 2012): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4708866.

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8

Cipolla, Sara Simona, Marco Maglionico, and Irena Stojkov. "Experimental Infiltration Tests on Existing Permeable Pavement Surfaces." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 44, no. 1 (December 7, 2015): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201400550.

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9

Pierce, F., D. Perahia, and G. S. Grest. "Spreading of liquid droplets on permeable polymeric surfaces." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 86, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 64004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/86/64004.

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10

Pratt, C. J., J. D. G. Mantle, and P. A. Schofield. "UK research into the performance of permeable pavement, reservoir structures in controlling stormwater discharge quantity and quality." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0016.

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The paper reports on a field study on a permeable, reservoir pavement constructed in 1986 at Nottingham, UK; surfaced with permeable, concrete block paving; and with a different sub-base stone-type in each of four reservoirs, from which the discharges were monitored for quantity and water quality. Hydrological relationships involving rainfall, outflow, outflow duration and antecedent conditions are presented. Water quality parameters are shown to be stable in value after some six months, by which time surface contaminants on the sub-base stone had been washed out of the construction. As outflow volume is reduced and water quality parameters (SS and Pb) are low in value, pollutant outflow loadings are significantly lower than with traditional, impermeable surfaces.

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11

Liu, Philip L. F., Matthew H. Davis, and Sean Downing. "Wave-induced boundary layer flows above and in a permeable bed." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 325 (October 25, 1996): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096008087.

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In this paper, the oscillatory and steady streaming velocities over a permeable bed are studied both theoretically and experimentally. Three different sizes of glass beads are used to construct permeable beds in laboratory experiments: the diameters of the glass beads are 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, and 3.0 mm, respectively. Several experiments are performed using different wave parameters. A one-component laser-doppler velocimeter (LDV) is used to measure the horizontal velocity component inside the Stokes boundary layer above the solid and permeable surfaces. It is observed that neither oscillatory nor steady velocity components vanish on the permeable surface. The ‘slip velocities’ increase with increasing permeability. Based on the laminar flow assumption and the order of magnitude of the parameters used in the experiments, a perturbation theory is developed for the oscillatory velocity and the steady wave-induced streaming in the boundary layers above and inside the permeable bed. The theory confirms many experimental observations. The theory also provides the damping rate and the phase changes caused by the permeable bed.

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12

Pascal, J. P., and S. J. D. D’Alessio. "Instability in gravity-driven flow over uneven permeable surfaces." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 36, no. 6 (June 2010): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2010.03.003.

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13

Volk, A. M. "Flow of a viscous liquid between moving permeable surfaces." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 65, no. 2 (August 1993): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00861534.

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14

Shah, S. A., and G. Apsar. "Guided Circumferential Waves in Layered Poroelastic Cylinders." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 933–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2016-0056.

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Abstract The present paper investigates the propagation of time harmonic circumferential waves in a two-dimensional hollow poroelastic cylinder with an inner shaft (shaft-bearing assembly). The hollow poroelastic cylinder and inner shaft are assumed to be infinite in axial direction. The outer surface of the cylinder is stress free and at the interface, between the inner shaft and the outer cylinder, it is assumed to be free sliding and the interfacial shear stresses are zero, also the normal stress and radial displacements are continuous. The frequency equation of guided circumferential waves for a permeable and an impermeable surface is obtained. When the angular wave number vanish the frequency equation of guided circumferential waves for a permeable and an impermeable surface degenerates and the dilatational and shear waves are uncoupled. Shear waves are independent of the nature of surface. The frequency equation of a permeable and an impermeable surface for bore-piston assembly is obtained as a particular case of the model under consideration when the outer radius of the hollow poroelastic cylinder tends to infinity. Results of previous studies are obtained as a particular case of the present study. Nondimensional frequency as a function of wave number is presented graphically for two types of models and discussed. Numerical results show that, in general, the first modes are linear for permeable and impermeable surfaces and the frequency of a permeable surface is more than that of an impermeable surface.

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15

Dong, Li, Min Shi, Sijun Xu, Qilong Sun, Gangwei Pan, Lirong Yao, and Chunhong Zhu. "Surface construction of fluorinated TiO2 nanotube networks to develop uvioresistant superhydrophobic aramid fabric." RSC Advances 10, no. 38 (2020): 22578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03120h.

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A superhydrophobic hollow TNT network structure was built on surfaces of aramid fibers by surface coating fluorinated TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) to develop an air-permeable, UV-protective, and superhydrophobic coating.

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16

Waini, Iskandar, Anuar Ishak, and Ioan Pop. "Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Non-Isothermal Shrinking Surface." Mathematics 9, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9050538.

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In this paper, we examine the influence of hybrid nanoparticles on flow and heat transfer over a permeable non-isothermal shrinking surface and we also consider the radiation and the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects. A hybrid nanofluid consists of copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles which are added into water to form Cu-Al2O3/water. The similarity equations are obtained using a similarity transformation and numerical results are obtained via bvp4c in MATLAB. The results show that dual solutions are dependent on the suction strength of the shrinking surface; in addition, the heat transfer rate is intensified with an increase in the magnetic parameter and the hybrid nanoparticles volume fractions for higher values of the radiation parameter. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate is higher for isothermal surfaces as compared with non-isothermal surfaces. Further analysis proves that the first solution is physically reliable and stable.

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17

Marlow, Phillip J., and Barton L. Anderson. "The cospecification of the shape and material properties of light permeable materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 14 (April 2, 2021): e2024798118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024798118.

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The problem of extracting the three-dimensional (3D) shape and material properties of surfaces from images is considered to be inherently ill posed. It is thought that a priori knowledge about either 3D shape is needed to infer material properties, or knowledge about material properties are needed to derive 3D shape. Here, we show that there is information in images that cospecify both the material composition and 3D shape of light permeable (translucent) materials. Specifically, we show that the intensity gradients generated by subsurface scattering, the shape of self-occluding contours, and the distribution of specular reflections covary in systematic ways that are diagnostic of both the surface’s 3D shape and its material properties. These sources of image covariation emerge from being causally linked to a common environmental source: 3D surface curvature. We show that these sources of covariation take the form of “photogeometric constraints,” which link variations in intensity (photometric constraints) to the sign and direction of 3D surface curvature (geometric constraints). We experimentally demonstrate that this covariation generates emergent cues that the visual system exploits to derive the 3D shape and material properties of translucent surfaces and demonstrate the potency of these cues by constructing counterfeit images that evoke vivid percepts of 3D shape and translucency. The concepts of covariation and cospecification articulated herein suggest a principled conceptual path forward for identifying emergent cues that can be used to solve problems in vision that have historically been assumed to be ill posed.

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18

Aleksandrov, A. A., V. A. Devisilov, and E. Yu Sharai. "Numerical Investigation of Fluid Flow between Rotating Permeable Cylindrical Surfaces." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 1 (88) (February 2020): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-1-32-45.

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The paper presents numerical simulation results concerning fluid flow in the annular channel of a hydrodynamic filter comprising a perforated protective screen located between another perforated protective screen and a filtering screen, both cylindrical. We investigated the effects of the following two parameters on the flow structure: the perforated area of the protective screen and the width of the annular channel between the protective and filtering cylindrical screens. We established that increasing the annular channel width and the perforation area of the protective screen leads to secondary vortex structures forming in the channel. We obtained circumferential velocity distribution in the channel formed by the protective and filtering screens of the hydrodynamic filter. We show that, in the bracket of modal and design parameters under consideration, a power curve with an exponent in the 2.4--3.3 range may be used to approximate the circumferential velocity profile. We discovered that the structural and modal parameters of the channel between the rotating permeable cylindrical surfaces control the intensity of the deterministic separation process components. Channel width and perforation area are structural parameters; angular velocity is a modal parameter. Arranging the flow in a hydrodynamic filter in the way proposed makes it possible to decrease the intensity of random separation process components in multi-phase media.

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19

Sivykh, G. F. "Turbulent Transfer Coefficients Model for Flows over Permeable Rough Surfaces." Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer 7, no. 1 (2000): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jenhheattransf.v7.i1.20.

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20

Preis, W., and W. Sitte. "Grain boundary diffusion through thin films. Application to permeable surfaces." Journal of Applied Physics 79, no. 6 (March 15, 1996): 2986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362651.

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21

Burd�, G. I. "Accurate solutions of boundary-layer equations for moving permeable surfaces." Journal of Engineering Physics 58, no. 2 (February 1990): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00872840.

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22

Fatehi, M., and M. Kaviany. "Analysis of levitation of saturated liquid droplets on permeable surfaces." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 33, no. 5 (May 1990): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(90)90079-a.

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23

Volchkov, E. P. "Concerning the heat and mass transfer features on permeable surfaces." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49, no. 3-4 (February 2006): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.07.042.

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24

Ţălu, Ştefan, Miroslaw Bramowicz, Slawomir Kulesza, Ilenia Fiorillo, and Stefano Giovanzana. "Fractal Features and Surface Micromorphology of Unworn Surfaces of Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses." Current Eye Research 42, no. 8 (April 26, 2017): 1118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2017.1293115.

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25

Danz, Mari, William Selbig, and Nicolas Buer. "Assessment of Restorative Maintenance Practices on the Infiltration Capacity of Permeable Pavement." Water 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061563.

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Permeable pavement has the potential to be an effective tool in managing stormwater runoff through retention of sediment and other contaminants associated with urban development. The infiltration capacity of permeable pavement declines as more sediment is captured, thereby reducing its ability to treat runoff. Regular restorative maintenance practices can alleviate this issue and prolong the useful life and benefits of the system. Maintenance practices used to restore the infiltration capacity of permeable pavement were evaluated on three surfaces: Permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA). Each of the three test plots received a similar volume of runoff and sediment load from an adjacent, impervious asphalt parking lot. Six different maintenance practices were evaluated over a four-year period: Hand-held pressure washer and vacuum, leaf blower and push broom, vacuum-assisted street cleaner, manual disturbance of PICP aggregate, pressure washing and vacuuming, and compressed air and vacuuming. Of the six practices tested, five were completed on PICP, four on PC, and two on PA. Nearly all forms of maintenance resulted in increased average surface infiltration rates. Increases ranged from 94% to 1703% for PICP, 5% to 169% for PC, and 16% to 40% for PA. Disruption of the aggregate between the joints of PICP, whether by simple hand tools or sophisticated machinery, resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) gains in infiltration capacity. Sediment penetrated into the solid matrix of the PC and PA, making maintenance practices using a high-pressure wash followed by high-suction vacuum the most effective for these permeable pavement types. In all instances, when the same maintenance practice was done on multiple surfaces, PICP showed the greatest recovery in infiltration capacity.

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26

Semádeni-Davies, Annette. "Modelling Snowmelt Induced Waste Water Inflows." Hydrology Research 29, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1998): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.0018.

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Impacts of urbanisation on hydrological processes are different for snowmelt and rainfall events. Furthermore, snowmelt and runoff generation differ between rural and urban areas. Within an urban area, melt intensities are increased at some sites; hence, the volume of water early in thaw can be greater than in rural areas. However, shading can reduce melt in other areas so that the melt period is extended. Many surfaces are at least seasonally impervious and generate overland flow - there is an apparent increase in the area contributing to quickflow as normally permeable surfaces become saturated or frozen or both. Water infiltrating permeable soil causes saturation and groundwater recharge so that water can seep into sewers. Regardless of whether water enters via inlets or sewer infiltration, drainage networks ensure swift delivery of melt water to outlets. Snowmelt induced runoff reaching the Uddebo Waste Water Treatment Plant in Luleå, Sweden, is investigated and a model of urban snowmelt and meltwater routing is proposed. The role of surface type (permeable and impervious) and snow cover characteristics (snow-free, undisturbed, compacted and piled) upon model output is studied. Results are encouraging and provide a good platform for further research.

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27

Leocmach, Mathieu, Mathieu Nespoulous, Sébastien Manneville, and Thomas Gibaud. "Hierarchical wrinkling in a confined permeable biogel." Science Advances 1, no. 9 (October 2015): e1500608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500608.

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Confined thin surfaces may wrinkle as a result of the growth of excess material. Elasticity or gravity usually sets the wavelength. We explore new selection mechanisms based on hydrodynamics. First, inspired by yoghurt-making processes, we use caseins (a family of milk proteins) as pH-responsive building blocks and the acidulent glucono-δ-lactone to design a porous biogel film immersed in a confined buoyancy-matched viscous medium. Under specific boundary conditions yet without any external stimulus, the biogel film spontaneously wrinkles in cascade. Second, using a combination of titration, rheology, light microscopy, and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that, during continuous acidification, the gel first shrinks and then swells, inducing wrinkling. Third, taking into account both Darcy flow through the gel and Poiseuille flow in the surrounding solvent, we develop a model that correctly predicts the wrinkling wavelength. Our results should be universal for acid-induced protein gels because they are based on pH-induced charge stabilization/destabilization and therefore could set a benchmark to gain fundamental insights into wrinkled biological tissues, to texture food, or to design surfaces for optical purposes.

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28

Veerapaneni, Srinivas, and Mark R. Wiesner. "Particle Deposition on an Infinitely Permeable Surface." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 162, no. 1 (January 1994): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1994.1015.

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29

Luo, J. L., Y. J. Liou, T. M. Chin, Y. M. Kuo, and D. Y. Chao. "Water vapor-permeable polyurethane ionomer." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101, no. 6 (2006): 3767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23527.

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30

Borst, Michael, and Robert A. Brown. "Chloride Released from Three Permeable Pavement Surfaces after Winter Salt Application." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 50, no. 1 (October 21, 2013): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12132.

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31

Zussman, E., A. Yarin, and D. Weihs. "A micro-aerodynamic decelerator based on permeable surfaces of nanofiber mats." Experiments in Fluids 33, no. 2 (August 2002): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-002-0435-6.

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32

Mao, Yijun, and Zhiwei Hu. "Analysis of spurious sound due to vortical flow through permeable surfaces." Aerospace Science and Technology 96 (January 2020): 105544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.105544.

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33

Vujovic, Svetlana, Bechara Haddad, Hamzé Karaky, Nassim Sebaibi, and Mohamed Boutouil. "Urban Heat Island: Causes, Consequences, and Mitigation Measures with Emphasis on Reflective and Permeable Pavements." CivilEng 2, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 459–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2020026.

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Economic and social development of urban and rural areas continues in parallel with the increase of the human population, especially in developing countries, which leads to sustained expansion of impervious surface areas, particularly paved surfaces. The conversion of pervious surfaces to impervious surfaces significantly modifies local energy balance in urban areas and contributes to urban heat island (UHI) formation, mainly in densely developed cities. This paper represents a literature review on the causes and consequences of the UHI and potential measures that could be adopted to improve the urban microclimate. The primary focus is to discuss and summarise significant findings on the UHI phenomenon and its consequences, such as the impact on human thermal comfort and health, energy consumption, air pollution, and surface water quality deterioration. Regarding the measures to mitigate UHI, particular emphasis is given to the reflective and permeable pavements.

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34

Chew, Y. M. J., W. R. Paterson, and D. I. Wilson. "Fluid dynamic gauging: a new technique for studying membrane fouling." Water Supply 7, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2007): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.140.

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The deposition of fouling layers on porous surfaces such as those experienced in membrane/filtration systems has been investigated using the technique of fluid dynamic gauging (FDG). In this work, dead end microfiltration was simulated using polymeric microfiltration membranes and Sphericel (hollow glass spheres) suspensions. FDG was used to track, in situ and in real time, the build-up of a Sphericel cake during the filtration process. The permeate flux through the membrane was also simultaneously monitored. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies were also performed to illuminate the fluid dynamics of FDG, with particular focus on the flow patterns and on the stresses imposed on the porous surface. The governing Navier-Stokes, Darcy's and continuity equations were solved using the commercial partial differential equation solver, Fastflo™. Simulations of gauging flow with a permeable gauged surface were then conducted and comparison with filtration experiments showed excellent agreement.

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35

Buchwalter, D. B., J. J. Jenkins, and L. R. Curtis. "Respiratory strategy is a major determinant of [3H]water and [14C]chlorpyrifos uptake in aquatic insects." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-107.

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Despite the extensive use of aquatic insects to evaluate freshwater ecosystem health, little is known about the underlying factors that result in sensitivity differences between taxa. Organismal characteristics (respiratory strategy and body size) were used to explore the rates of [3H]H2O and [14C]chlorpyrifos accumulation in aquatic insects. Ten aquatic insect taxa, including ephemeropteran, trichopteran, dipteran, hemipteran, and coleopteran species, were exposed to [14C]chlorpyrifos (240 ng·L1) and [3H]H2O for up to 12 h. Because exchange epithelial surfaces on the integument are permeable to water, [3H]H2O was used as a quantitative surrogate for exposed cellular surface area. [14C]Chlorpyrifos uptake rates were highly correlated with water permeability in all 10 taxa tested and largely covaried with body size and respiratory strategy. Rates were highest among smaller organisms on a per-weight basis and in taxa with relatively large external cellular surfaces such as gills. Air-breathing taxa were significantly less permeable to both [3H]H20 and [14C]chlorpyrifos. A method for labeling exposed epithelial surfaces with a fluorescent dye was developed. This technique allowed discrimination between exchange epithelium and barrier tissue on the integument. Fluorescent dye distributions on the body surface provided a rapid method for estimating exposed epithelium consistent with [3H]H20 and [14C]chlorpyrifos accumulation.

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36

Hervieu, Yu Yu, and Ivan Markov. "Kinetics of second layer nucleation with permeable steps." Surface Science 628 (October 2014): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2014.05.016.

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37

Akin, Michelle, Laura Fay, and Xianming Shi. "Friction and Snow–Pavement Bond after Salting and Plowing Permeable Friction Surfaces." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (September 13, 2020): 794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120949250.

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Open graded, ultrathin, and permeable friction course surfaces (collectively referred to as PFSs) have been successfully used by many transportation agencies in several countries as a wearing surface to help reduce water splash and spray, reduce potential for hydroplaning, increase friction, and reduce noise. Despite these advantages, when used in colder climates PFSs tend to freeze more rapidly, transport deicing/anti-icing chemicals from the road surface, clog from sands and other debris, and retain snow and ice for a longer period of time. Most of the reported difficulties with PFSs are at near-freezing temperatures (28°F–35°F). Laboratory tests were conducted using samples of traditional dense graded pavement (DGP), cores from new and old in-service open graded friction course pavements, and ultrathin friction course samples made from hot mix asphalt collected from paving operations. The tests were conducted in a walk-in environmental chamber at 28°F. Snow–pavement bond strength and static friction were measured to determine the effectiveness of anti-icing with salt brine and deicing with dry and pre-wet solid salt. The test results revealed that compacted snow bonds more strongly to PFSs, yet friction of PFSs was significantly greater than DGPs after snow removal, even without the use of salt. The PFSs appeared more white and snowy, and this appearance may be contributing to unnecessarily high application rates of salt by practitioners. Field testing is recommended to better understand the frictional behavior of PFSs during a variety of winter storm conditions and deicer application strategies.

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38

Jopek, Dorota. "Water in the city. The development of permeable surfaces in urban areas." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500109.

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In the coming years, cities will face new challenges from a rapidly changing climate. Many physical infrastructure and building projects will face new or more severe risks from extreme flooding, precipitation and heat events. At the same time, environmental conditions are also projected to change, posing chronic hazards as average yearly temperatures rise. The natural cycle of water circulation in contemporary cities is often very disturbed as a result of improper management of space. The necessity to protect the natural environment, and in particular respect for water rights, in the face of climate change and constant pressure of urbanization - requires a radical change in the approach to rainwater and surface water management in Polish cities. It is necessary to improve the integration of spatial planning with water management in many areas. The purpose of this research is to determine the effective role of space management processes to provide permeable surfaces in the urban areas as an important element of the system of rainwater management. The article will present an analysis of the possibilities of increasing the absorptivity of the areas in selected areas of Cracow.

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39

Volchkov, E. P. "Concerning Certain Characteristic Features of Heat and Mass Transfer on Permeable Surfaces." Heat Transfer Research 37, no. 1 (2006): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.v37.i1.40.

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40

Akhmadiev, F. G., R. R. Fazylzyanov, and R. A. Galimov. "Mathematical modeling of nonisothermal thin-film two-phase flow over permeable surfaces." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 46, no. 6 (November 2012): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579512050107.

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41

Hona, Jacques, and Médard Marcus Nganbe II. "Modelling and simulation of an industrial flow between two moving permeable surfaces." International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation 9, no. 4 (2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesms.2017.087551.

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Nganbe II, Médard Marcus, and Jacques Hona. "Modelling and simulation of an industrial flow between two moving permeable surfaces." International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation 9, no. 4 (2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesms.2017.10008436.

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43

Brugin, Matteo, Mariana Marchioni, Gianfranco Becciu, Filippo Giustozzi, Emanuele Toraldo, and Valerio Carlos Andrés-Valeri. "Clogging potential evaluation of porous mixture surfaces used in permeable pavement systems." European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 24, no. 5 (December 8, 2017): 620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1411834.

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Shrikanth, V., S. Archana, and M. S. Bobji. "A new method to study evaporation of sessile drop from permeable surfaces." Measurement Science and Technology 30, no. 7 (May 21, 2019): 075002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab16b3.

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Chervyakov, V. M., and A. A. Koptev. "Flow of a Newtonian fluid in the gap between conical permeable surfaces." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 79, no. 2 (March 2006): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10891-006-0101-6.

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46

Lapikov, M. A., Y. V. Kalinin, A. M. Makarov, and Y. P. Serdobintsev. "Research of the process of creating a vacuum on air-permeable surfaces." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1129, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1129/1/012061.

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Souliez, F. J., L. N. Long, P. J. Morris, and A. Sharma. "Landing Gear Aerodynamic Noise Prediction Using Unstructured Grids." International Journal of Aeroacoustics 1, no. 2 (August 2002): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147547202760236932.

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Aerodynamic noise from a landing gear in a uniform flow is computed using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation. The time accurate flow data on the integration surface is obtained using a finite volume low-order flow solver on an unstructured grid. The Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation is solved using surface integrals over the landing gear surface and over a permeable surface away from the landing gear. Two geometric configurations are tested in order to assess the impact of two lateral struts on the sound level and directivity in the far-field. Predictions from the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings code are compared with direct calculations by the flow solver at several observer locations inside the computational domain. The permeable Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings surface predictions match those of the flow solver in the near-field. Far-field noise calculations coincide for both integration surfaces. The increase in drag observed between the two landing gear configurations is reflected in the sound pressure level and directivity mainly in the streamwise direction.

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Pazera, Marcin, and Mikael Salonvaara. "Multilayer test method for water vapor transmission testing of construction materials." Journal of Building Physics 35, no. 3 (January 2012): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259111403438.

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Water vapor transmission (WVT) measurements conducted with highly permeable materials are complicated by the instability of boundary conditions, more specifically by changes in vapor pressure and air velocity on either or both sides of the specimen. Such effects pose a greater challenge in determining the water vapor transport characteristics of thin, flexible, and highly permeable construction materials. This article presents a novel approach to WVT testing that improves some of these issues. The approach denoted as ‘multilayer test’ involves testing simultaneously several vertically stacked material layers each separated by air gap with equal thickness. Wireless relative humidity and temperature sensors mounted on the opposing surfaces of each layer provide continuous temperatures and relative humidity monitoring near the specimen surfaces. The test is conducted in a controlled environment with the set-up kept on an analytical balance. Change in the weight of the system is determined automatically at predetermined time intervals, and fluxes are calculated. Two approaches are used in determining the permeance of each material layer. The results of both approaches are compared. The multilayer WVT tests provide several benefits over traditional ‘Dry’ or ‘Wet’ cup WVT test method in that; the boundary layer effects due to moving air above the specimen surface can be accounted for, and simultaneous testing of multiple specimens provides greater statistical confidence. The method is particularly advantageous in cases when the transport coefficient has a strong dependence on moisture content. Using data from a single multilayer test, a continuous transport function can be derived. This article highlights that the multilayer test approach leads to significant reduction in experimental effort, resources required for testing, and test durations, and improves the precision of the material property data.

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Skiedraite, Inga, Shanker Ganesh Krishnamoorthy, and Alvydas Kondratas. "Research of Frictional Force in Respect to Magnetized Surface." Solid State Phenomena 251 (July 2016): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.251.89.

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The research of the frictional force and magnetic latching between two surfaces, which are highly permeable and sliding over each other, is analyzed in this paper. Based on the research, a model for interlocking of the surfaces, using magnetic latching are proposed and constructed by explaining its practical applications.

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Pratt, C. J., A. P. Newman, and P. C. Bond. "Mineral oil bio-degradation within a permeable pavement: long term observations." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0096.

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The paper reports on the first 300 days of a research project conducted at Coventry University, which has focused on the ability of a permeable pavement, reservoir structure to retain and treat petroleum-derived pollutants through in situ microbial bio-degradation. The research has required the construction of a full-scale model permeable pavement in the laboratory, which has been subjected to prolonged low-level hydrocarbon contamination, representative of typical loadings to urban surfaces such as highways and car parks. Water quality and bio-degradation indicators have been monitored over several months so that the capability of the permeable pavement to maintain a viable and effective microbial population could be assessed. The research has demonstrated that the structure can be used as an effective in situ aerobic bioreactor.

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