Relevant bibliographies by topics / Permeable bead

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Academic literature on the topic 'Permeable bead'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Permeable bead"

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Heade, Joanne, Robert Kent, Sinead B. Bleiel, and David J. Brayden. "Entrapment of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Molecules in Beads Prepared from Isolated Denatured Whey Protein." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071001.

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The oral route of administration is by far the most convenient route, especially in the treatment of chronic conditions. However, many therapeutics present formulation difficulties which make them unsuitable for oral delivery. Recently, we synthesized a denatured whey protein isolate (dWPI) bead entrapped with insulin. Our present goal was to assess the suitability of this delivery system to the delivery of other potential molecules, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Beads of 1.2–1.5 mm in diameter were entrapped with four payloads representing a range of solubilities. The water-soluble payloads were sodium fluorescein (SF) and FITC dextran 4000 Da (FD4), while the hydrophobic ones were Fast Green and curcumin. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 73%, 84%, 70%, and 83% for SF, FD4, Fast Green, and curcumin-loaded beads, respectively. The corresponding loading capacity for each bead was 0.07%, 1.1%, 0.75%, and 1.1%, respectively. Each payload produced different release profiles in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluids (SIF). SF released steadily in both SGF and SIF. FD4 and curcumin release was not substantial in any buffers, while Fast Green release was low in SGF and high in SIF. The differences in release behaviour were likely due to the varying properties of the payloads. The effect of proteolysis on beads suggested that enzymatic degradation of the whey bead may promote payload release. The beads swelled rapidly in SGF compared to SIF, which likely contributed to the release from the beads, which was largely governed by solvent diffusion and polymer relaxation. Our results offer a systematic examination of the behaviour of hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads in a dWPI delivery system. These beads may be further designed to orally deliver poorly permeable macromolecules and poorly soluble small molecules of pharmaceutical interest.
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Chowdhury, Shakhawat, Imran Rahman Chowdhury, Fayzul Kabir, Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder, Md Hasan Zahir, and Khalid Alhooshani. "Alginate-based biotechnology: a review on the arsenic removal technologies and future possibilities." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 68, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.005.

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Abstract The alginate-based adsorption technologies have emerged as potential methods for arsenic removal from drinking water. The adsorbents (iron oxide, hydroxide, nano zero valent iron (nZVI), industrial waste, minerals, magnetite, goethite, zirconium oxide, etc.) are impregnated into alginate beads to produce the media. The biocompatibility, rough surface with large area, and amorphous and high water permeable bead structure improve arsenic adsorption efficiency while the regeneration process is simpler than the conventional adsorbents. In recent years, studies have reported laboratory-scale applications of alginate beads, encapsulated and impregnated with adsorbents, for arsenic removal from drinking water. The arsenic removal efficiencies were reported to be over 95% with a wide range of concentrations (10–1,000 parts per billion) and pH (3.0–7.5). However, commercial- and/or mass-scale applications have not been reported yet, due possibly to overall cost, complexity, reusability, and arsenic waste-laden sludge management. In this paper, research achievement on arsenic removal using alginate-based adsorbents has been reviewed. The review was performed in context to alginate bead development, adsorbent encapsulation and impregnation, application, performance, and regeneration. The advantages and limitations of the methods were analyzed and the scopes of future research were identified for mass scale domestic and industrial applications.
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Chung, Jin, and Zhang Zhibing. "Mechanical characterization of calcium pectinate hydrogel for controlled drug delivery." Chemical Industry 57, no. 12 (2003): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0312611c.

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Calcium pectinate beads, a paniculate hydrogel system, is an attractive drug carrier for oral delivery. In this study, a poorly water-soluble model drug indomethacin was incorporated into calcium pectinate beads made of different pectin concentrations, which were produced by an extrusion method. The effect of pectin concentration on bead size, circularity, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties, as well as in vitro drug release profile was investigated. The mechanical properties of calcium pectinate beads were determined by a micromanipulation technique. The drug release profile was measured using a standard British Pharmacopoeia method. It was found that the beads made of higher pectin concentration in general had a less permeable matrix structure and greater mechanical rigidity, although they swelled more after hydration. However, such an effect was not significant when the pectin concentration was increased to above 8%. Micromanipulation measurements showed that there was significant relaxation of the force being imposed on single hydrated beads when they were held, but this phenomenon did not occur on dry beads, which means that the force relaxation was dominated by liquid loss from the beads. The rate of the force relaxation was determined, and has been related to the release rate of the model drug entrapped in the calcium pectinate beads.
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Xin, Bao-Ping, Chih-Hung Wu, Cheng-Han Wu, and Chi-Wen Lin. "Bioaugmented remediation of high concentration BTEX-contaminated groundwater by permeable reactive barrier with immobilized bead." Journal of Hazardous Materials 244-245 (January 2013): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.007.

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Sperry, David C., Steven J. Thomas, and Evelyn Lobo. "Dissolution Modeling of Bead Formulations and Predictions of Bioequivalence for a Highly Soluble, Highly Permeable Drug." Molecular Pharmaceutics 7, no. 5 (October 4, 2010): 1450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp100118t.

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Glogauer, M., P. Arora, G. Yao, I. Sokholov, J. Ferrier, and C. A. McCulloch. "Calcium ions and tyrosine phosphorylation interact coordinately with actin to regulate cytoprotective responses to stretching." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.1.11.

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The actin-dependent sensory and response elements of stromal cells that are involved in mechanical signal transduction are poorly understood. To study mechanotransduction we have described previously a collagen-magnetic bead model in which application of well-defined forces to integrins induces an immediate (< 1 second) calcium influx. In this report we used the model to determine the role of calcium ions and tyrosine-phosphorylation in the regulation of force-mediated actin assembly and the resulting change in membrane rigidity. Collagen-beads were bound to cells through the focal adhesion-associated proteins talin, vinculin, alpha 2-integrin and beta-actin, indicating that force application was mediated through cytoskeletal elements. When force (2 N/m2) was applied to collagen beads, confocal microscopy showed a marked vertical extension of the cell which was counteracted by an actin-mediated retraction. Immunoblotting showed that force application induced F-actin accumulation at the bead-membrane complex but vinculin, talin and alpha 2-integrin remained unchanged. Atomic force microscopy showed that membrane rigidity increased 6-fold in the vicinity of beads which had been exposed to force. Force also induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several cytoplasmic proteins including paxillin. The force-induced actin accumulation was blocked in cells loaded with BAPTA/AM or in cells preincubated with genistein, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphorylation. Repeated force application progressively inhibited the amplitude of force-induced calcium ion flux. As force-induced actin reorganization was dependent on calcium and tyrosine phosphorylation, and as progressive increases of filamentous actin in the submembrane cortex were correlated with increased membrane rigidity and dampened calcium influx, we suggest that cortical actin regulates stretch-activated cation permeable channel activity and provides a desensitization mechanism for cells exposed to repeated long-term mechanical stimuli. The actin response may be cytoprotective since it counteracts the initial force-mediated membrane extension and potentially strengthens cytoskeletal integrity at force-transfer points.
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Arora, P. D., M. W. C. Chan, R. A. Anderson, P. A. Janmey, and C. A. McCulloch. "Separate Functions of Gelsolin Mediate Sequential Steps of Collagen Phagocytosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 11 (November 2005): 5175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-07-0648.

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Collagen phagocytosis is a critical mediator of extracellular matrix remodeling. Whereas the binding step of collagen phagocytosis is facilitated by Ca2+-dependent, gelsolin-mediated severing of actin filaments, the regulation of the collagen internalization step is not defined. We determined here whether phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] regulation of gelsolin is required for collagen internalization. In gelsolin null fibroblasts transfected with gelsolin severing mutants, actin severing and collagen binding were strongly impaired but internalization and actin monomer addition at collagen bead sites were much less affected. PI(4,5)P2 accumulated around collagen during internalization and was associated with gelsolin. Cell-permeable peptides mimicking the PI(4,5)P2 binding site of gelsolin blocked actin monomer addition, the association of gelsolin with actin at phagosomes, and collagen internalization but did not affect collagen binding. Collagen beads induced recruitment of type 1 γ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK1γ661) to internalization sites. Dominant negative constructs and RNA interference demonstrated a requirement for catalytically active PIPK1γ661 for collagen internalization. We conclude that separate functions of gelsolin mediate sequential stages of collagen phagocytosis: Ca2+-dependent actin severing facilitates collagen binding, whereas PI(4,5)P2-dependent regulation of gelsolin promotes the actin assembly required for internalization of collagen fibrils.
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Glogauer, M., J. Ferrier, and C. A. McCulloch. "Magnetic fields applied to collagen-coated ferric oxide beads induce stretch-activated Ca2+ flux in fibroblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 269, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): C1093—C1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.5.c1093.

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The ability to apply controlled forces to the cell membrane may enable elucidation of the mechanisms and pathways involved in signal transduction in response to applied physical stimuli. We have developed a magnetic particle-electromagnet model that allows the application of controlled forces to the plasma membrane of substrate-attached fibroblasts. The system allows applied forces to be controlled by the magnitude of the magnetic field and by the surface area of cell membrane covered with collagen-coated ferric beads. Analysis by single-cell ratio fluorimetry of fura 2-loaded cells demonstrated large calcium transients (50-300 nM) in response to the magnetic force applications. Experiments using either the stretch-activated channel blocker gadolinium chloride or ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to eliminate external calcium ions, or addition of extracellular manganese ions, indicated that there was a calcium influx through putative stretch-activated channels. The probability of a calcium influx in single cells was increased by higher surface bead loading and the degree of cell spreading. Depolymerization of actin filaments by cytochalasin D increased the amplitude of calcium response twofold. The regulation of calcium flux by filamentous actin content and by cell spreading indicates a possible modulatory role for the cytoskeleton in channel sensitivity. Magnetic force application to beads on single cells provides a controlled model to study mechanisms and heterogeneity in physical force stimulation of cation-permeable channels.
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Schroeder, Mark A., Julie Ritchey, Brian K. Dieckgraefe, and John F. DiPersio. "Pegylated Murine GM-CSF Increases Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells In Vivo." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2967.2967.

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Abstract Abstract 2967 Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells initially identified in tumor bearing mice that have potent immunosuppressive capabilities. Recent evidence suggests that graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) can be abrogated by ex vivo expanded, bone marrow derived, MDSCs generated in the presence of GM-CSF, G-CSF and IL-13 (Highfill et al. Blood 2010 116 :5738). It remains to be shown whether phenotypic MDSCs identified in non-tumor bearing mice are capable of immune suppression. In addition, the mechanism by which an immature myeloid cell becomes a functional MDSC remains unknown. We hypothesized that pegylated murine GM-CSF (peg-mGM) may be protective from acute GvHD in MHC mismatched murine models by increasing regulatory T-cells (Treg) and MDSCs. Previously, we reported that peg-mGM increased circulating and splenic Tregs by 2–3 fold and they were functional in mixed leukocyte reactions (MLRs). We have also reported on the in vivo potential of mobilized splenocytes to abrogate murine GvHD. B6D2F1 mice receiving C57/Bl6 GM treated splenocytes had improved survival and less weight loss compared to G-CSF and PBS controls (3 independent experiments, n=15-19/group, GM vs. G p = 0.0005, GM vs. PBS p = 0.0005, G vs. PBS p = 0.5 (Log rank test)). In an attempt to identify cellular mediators of the reduced incidence of GvHD we investigated the impact of peg-mGM on putative MDSCs. We have observed an ∼8 fold increase in putative monocytic MDSCs (monoMDSCs) (CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G-) and an ∼18 fold increase in putative granulocytic MDSCs (granMDSCs) (CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+) in the spleens and blood of mice mobilized with peg-mGM. To investigate the function of MDSCs we performed bead stimulated tritiated thymidine and CFSE based proliferation assays. We observed that granMDSCs and monoMDSCs isolated from spleens of mice treated with peg-mGM have potent suppressive function on bead stimulated T-cell proliferation exceeding that of na•ve Tregs at equal suppressor :Tcell ratios (Fold suppression of CD4+ T-cells: granMDSCs = 4.5, monoMDSCs = 2.3, Tregs = 1.08. Fold suppression of CD8+ T-cells: granMDSCs = 2.26, monoMDSCs = 1.4, Tregs = 1.05). To investigate mechanism we performed a transwell experiment using bead stimulated T-cells separated from MDSCs by a permeable membrane. Sorted monoMDSCs and granMDSCs were not suppressive in this assay suggesting the dependence on contact for inhibition of T-cell proliferation. In addition, we observed that in bead stimulated proliferation assays wells containing putative MDSCs had more dispersed beads suggesting possible sequestration of beads by the suppressor cells. To determine if all subsets were suppressive in an alternative non-bead based proliferation assay we coated plates with CD3/CD28 antibodies. Only the putative monoMDSCs were suppressive in this assay. We observed that suppression of bead stimulated T-cells was abrogated by adding an arginase-1 inhibitor, nor-NOHA, to cultures containing putative monoMDSCs. When attempting to validate these results in a MLR using MHC mismatched antigen-presenting cell (APC) stimulation, the suppressive effect was decreased or lost suggesting that the magnitude of stimulation by APC, bead or antibodies may affect activation and function of MDSCs; or, a critical factor produced in bead and antibody stimulated T-cell proliferation assays is lacking in the APC setting. We are currently functionally characterizing the monoMDSCs generated by treatment with peg-mGM and investigating potential secondary factors critical to the development of MDSCs such as IL-13 and IFN-gamma. In addition, future studies will evaluate the in vivo function of monoMDSCs generated by peg-mGM mobilization on GvHD and GVL outcomes. In summary, treatment with peg-mGM results in enrichment in functional MDSCs in the spleens of non-tumor bearing mice. The mechanism by which immature myeloid cells generated by peg-mGM become MDSCs is under investigation but appears to be contact dependent. This work is currently being translated in a clinical trial investigating the combination of GM-CSF and plerixafor for the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells for allogeneic stem cell transplantation from matched sibling donors. Correlative studies to characterize stem cell subsets and evaluate the content of Tregs and MDSCs in the blood and apheresis product are ongoing. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Tóthová, Jana, Katarína Paulovičová, and Vladimír Lisý. "Viscosity Measurements of Dilute Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Aqueous Solutions Near Theta Temperature Analyzed within the Joint Rouse-Zimm Model." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/690136.

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The steady-state shear viscosity of low-concentrated Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) aqueous solutions is measured near the presumed theta temperature using the falling ball viscometry technique. The experimental data are analyzed within the model that joins the Rouse and Zimm bead-spring theories of the polymer dynamics at the theta condition, which means that the polymer coils are considered to be partially permeable to the solvent. The polymer characteristics thus depend on the draining parameterhthat is related to the strength of the hydrodynamic interaction between the polymer segments. The Huggins coefficient was found to be 0.418 at the temperature 20°C, as predicted by the theory. This value corresponds toh= 2.92, contrary to the usual assumption of the infiniteh. This result indicates that the theta temperature for the PEOX water solutions is 20°C rather than 25°C in the previous studies. The experimental intrinsic viscosity is well described coming from the Arrhenius equation for the shear viscosity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Permeable bead"

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Barman, Utpal. "Study of viscous of stratified fluid over a permeable bead." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1540.

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Moretto, Claudia. "Mass transport at the inteface between a turbulent stream and a permeable bed." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192227.

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Shampa. "Hydro-morphological Study of Braided River with Permeable Bank Protection Structure." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242463.

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Spicer, Gillian E. "The development of a self-fertilising geotextile incorporating slow release phosphate beads for the maintenance of oil degrading bacteria in permeable pavements." Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436298.

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Hsu, Ching-Suei. "Integrated Rotating Fibrous Bed Bioreactor-Ultrafiltration Process for Xanthan Gum Production from Whey Lactose." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308303490.

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Chen, Hong-Jun, and 陳鴻鈞. "Fully developed flow structure in permeable bed channel." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21437120169358052370.

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碩士
國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
94
This study experimentally investigates the velocity distribution of fully developed turbulent flow over and within a porous bed. The porous bed is simulated by two glass beads, having porosity equal to 34.9% and 43.3%. The characteristics of turbulent flow in an open channel with a porous bed are measured by an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter(ADV) and Electromagnetic flowmeter. Effects of several parameters on the velocity distribution, such as, relative porous depth, Reynolds number, channel slope and permeability (K) are investigated and discussed. The Reynolds numbers, based on the mean velocity of clear fluid region and the clear fluid depth, vary from about 9094.31 to 43537.67. The measured velocity distributions show a significant decrease of velocity over a porous bed with increasing permeability due to the penetration of turbulence into the porous medium and momentum transfer near the interface. The thickness of turbulence penetration is only dependent on the permeability of a porous bed rather than the flow conditions over a porous bed.
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Po-YenWu and 吳伯諺. "Experimental study of fixed-bed flow characteristics for a cylinder with permeable cylinder group." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65600840240173517131.

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碩士
國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
102
This paper studied the flow field around the permeable-cylinder group, ahead of a circular pier of diameter (d), at different spacings (Ls and Lw as shown in Fig. 3). Experiment had been carried out in a fixed-bed flume and the measurement of velocity profiles at three cross sections was made by using acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV). From these measured results, flow velocity distribution in front of the pier was affected by the distance (L) between the permeable-cylinder group and the pier. Except for dimensionless distance L/d = 0.5, the wake flow intensity decreases with the increase of this distance. Comparison with the result obtained by Zeng(2012), intensity of flow around cylinder was inversely proportional to deposition height in front of cylinder.
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Karimi, Masoomeh. "Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Coagulant Dose and Permeate Flux on Membrane Fouling in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor-Membrane Process." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6626.

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The application of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) to wastewater treatment is increasing due to their ability to operate at high biomass concentrations and to deliver effluents of high quality. The major challenges associated with the application of MBRs is fouling which can shorten the useful life of the membrane, increase in the amount of energy consumed, and the cost for membrane cleaning. The main reasons for fouling are the deposition of solids as a cake layer, pore plugging by colloidal particles, adsorption of soluble compounds and biofouling. Fouling is a particular problem for activated sludge membrane bioreactors (AS-MBRs) since this process deals with liquors having a high concentration of total solids as well as dissolved compounds such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The combination of a moving bed biofilm reactor and a membrane reactor (MBBR-MR) has significant potential. It may be considered as a compact wastewater treatment process which can compensate for the drawbacks of AS-MBRs. Readily biodegradable COD is removed in the MBBR while particulate matter is separated by the membrane. To further reduce the membrane fouling the effects of adding an intermediate coagulation stage was investigated critically on membrane fouling. The present study includes an overall assessment of the performance of a combined MBBR-MR system, based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and membrane fouling mechanism. The required test runs were conducted using pilot-scale MBBR and ultra filtration membrane. The pilot MBBR had a working volume of 1.8 m3 with a 60% carrier fill fraction. The MBBR was operated with loading rate of 78 ± 21 g/m2/d (HRT of 4 h). The ultra-filtration was spiral wound and composed of polyethersulfone (PES) with a pore size of 0.03 microns. The MBBR feed was obtained from a final treated wastewater effluent in a food processing plant located in SW Ontario. In this research, ferric chloride was also employed as a coagulant and influences of different coagulant doses and permeate fluxes on membrane fouling were studied. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the combination of MBBR with membrane filtration can produce a constant high quality permeate that is appropriate for water reuse purposes. The composition analysis of permeate showed that the stream is free of suspended solids and the average COD turns to 75 ± 25 mg/l. In addition, the MBBR had a SCOD removal of 76% ± 7% which is considered as a reasonable efficiency for a single reactor. Operating the membrane without adding coagulant caused rapid fouling in a short time period and the Trans Membrane Pressure (TMP) reached the maximum allowable pressure of 10 psi. However, addition of coagulant was found to decrease the fouling of the membrane as well as increasing the filtration time. The extent of the pre-coagulation effect on membrane fouling was found to strongly depend on the dosage of the coagulant and the MBBR effluent characteristics. A coagulant dose of 400 mg/l with a permeate flux of 7.6 LMH performed the best at reducing membrane fouling. Colloidal fouling was found to be a significant fouling mechanism at low coagulant dose (e.g. 200 mg/l), while cake formation appeared to be mainly responsible for fouling at higher coagulant doses. Permeate flux was found to have a significant effect on the fouling of the membrane. The presence of colloidal matters at low fluxes and TSS at higher fluxes were responsible for fouling of the membrane by blocking the pores and formation of the cake layer on the membrane surface, respectively. Then later addition of Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) inside the factory had a noticeable effect on wastewater characteristics and consequently on fouling of the membrane. A 22% and 31% improvement in TCOD and TSS in the wastewater was observed leading to reduction in the fouling.
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Books on the topic "Permeable bead"

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Deriu, Morena. Nēsoi. L’immaginario insulare nell’Odissea. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-470-7.

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The aim of this book is to shed new light on the connections between the islands of the Odyssey, setting aside the common perspectives which fully contrast Ithaka to the isles of Odysseus’s travels. Indeed, on a close reading, the idea of ‘otherness’ frequently associated to these isles can be perceived as the result of shared traits. The book first offers an introductory survey on the studies about islands and insularity (not only) in the Odyssey. Then, it analyses how and in which terms the Odyssean representations of the islands are elaborated by means of references to the characters’ senses and actions. These representations are frequently parts of archipelagos of memories, and all bear witness to the fact that fantastic and realistic traits are intermingled and can permeate each other on all the Odyssean islands. Thus, the isles of these travels can be perceived as marginal and mixed places which are also meaningfully part of the archipelago of thematic and formal relations which links all Odyssean islands. The second section of the book examines this archipelagic scenario by using the concepts of utopia and heterotopia. The section shows how the islands of the Odyssey and, especially, the islands the hero encountered on his travels should not be considered utopias in the strict sense of the word. It then goes on to show how M. Foucault’s heterotopia can help to highlight a series of insular aspects, which, otherwise, could pass unnoticed. These lands stand at the margins of the world of the Odyssey and are, at the same time, connected to all the other islands. As a result, they work like mirrors which reflect images of different and possible worlds. In particular, the Odyssean isles of women mirror different and possible relationships between Odysseus and the lady of the island and help to enlighten the place which the hero perceives as the perfect home among all the possible choices. Finally, a brief analysis of the prophecy about the hero’s future last adventure shows that there is no chance of Odysseus feeling at home on that ‘other’ place of this last journey.
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Lane, Jeffrey. The Digital Street. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199381265.001.0001.

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This book delves into the street-level experience of a set of African American and Latino teenagers and adults worried about or after them. It argues that the risks and opportunities associated with a poor urban neighborhood get filtered through smartphones and popular social media sites like Twitter and Facebook. The book shows that street life in Harlem plays out on and across the physical street and the digital street among youth, neighborhood adults, and the authorities. Each chapter examines the parallels, differences, and crossovers between these two layers of social life that bear out the “effects” of a neighborhood. From roughly five years of firsthand research as an outreach worker and in other roles in the community, the author illustrates the online and offline experiences of girls and boys of color coming of age in the shadow of the Harlem Children’s Zone and sweeping gentrification when social media came to permeate all aspects of life. The Digital Street addresses the role of communication and technology in the transformation of an urban neighborhood.
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Book chapters on the topic "Permeable bead"

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Muraoka, Hitoshi, Tutaka Fushimi, Akihiro Kadota, and Koichi Suzuki. "Experimental Study on Changes of Bed Configuration Caused by a Permeable Groyne of Stone Gabion." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 1072–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_188.

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Khuntia, S., and S. Mohapatra. "Interaction of Oblique Waves by Base Distortion on a Permeable Bed in an Ice-Covered Sea." In Advances in Fluid Dynamics, 315–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4308-1_25.

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Wood, W. L. "Surface and groundwater flow-types of equation." In Introduction to Numerical Methods for Water Resources, 1–27. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198596905.003.0001.

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Abstract The movements of groundwater and of surface water (in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers) are closely related. When the water level in a river is higher than the water level in the adjacent aquifer and the river bed is permeable, the water will flow from the river to feed the aquifer; falling groundwater levels in the vicinity of a spring can cause it to dry up and the river may disappear in that neighbourhood. When the water level in the aquifer is higher the river takes water away from the aquifer. Figure 1.1.1 from the Thames Water Lower Colne Gravels study illustrates these effects. Natural recharge and stream leakage from the Colne Brook combine to add to the groundwater and the River Thames is draining the water away.
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McCraty, Rollin, and Stephen Brock Schafer. "Exploring Dimensions of the Media Dream." In Exploring the Collective Unconscious in the Age of Digital Media, 1–39. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9891-8.ch001.

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The earth's magnetic fields are carriers of biologically relevant information that connects all living systems. The electromagnetic coupling of the human brain, cardiovascular and nervous systems, and geomagnetic frequencies supports the hypothesis that the mediated reality of electromagnetic bandwidths can be correlated with bio-energetic and geomagnetic frequencies. Understood as bio-energetic functions (Thinking, Feeling, Sensing, & Intuiting), the media-sphere becomes measurable according to principles of coherency (measured as heart-rate variability, HRV) and principles of Jungian dream analysis (compensation and dramatic structure). It has been demonstrated that the rhythmic patterns in beat-to-beat heart rate variability reflect emotional functions, permeate every bodily cell, and play a central role in the generation and transmission of system-wide information via the electromagnetic field. So, the “media dream” becomes susceptible to psychological analysis leading to a better understanding of unconscious cognitive archetypal patterns of contextual collectives.
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Tominaga, A., and S. H. Sadat. "Combination of permeable and impermeable spur dikes to reduce local scour and to create diverse river bed." In River Sedimentation, 450–56. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315623207-84.

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Knight, Amber, and Joshua Miller. "The Healthcare System." In Prenatal Genetic Testing, Abortion, and Disability Justice, 89–120. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192870957.003.0004.

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Abstract This chapter examines barriers to reproductive autonomy within medical institutions through the lens of Miranda Fricker’s notion of “testimonial justice.” Medical professionals bear professional obligations to counsel patients with accurate, comprehensive information—delivered in a clear and non-directive manner—in order to facilitate patient-informed consent. While many physicians attempt to satisfy this responsibility, numerous studies have demonstrated how ableist biases permeate medical institutions. Such biases often result in physicians offering patients unduly negative quality-of-life assessments that are at odds with the positive testimony of people with Down syndrome and their family members. Moreover, physicians have legal incentives to recommend termination in order to mitigate the risk of wrongful birth litigation. Among other suggestions, we encourage federal oversight of the acquisition and dissemination of information that prospective parents receive following a positive diagnosis of Down syndrome to ensure that reproductive decisions are well informed with balanced and up-to-date information.
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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Vascular Biology, Thromboresistance, and Inflammation." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0006.

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The delivery of vital substrate to metabolically active tissues and vital organs is achieved and maintained by the cardiovascular system including the heart, macrovasculature, and microvasculature. This life-sustaining process requires a normally functioning vascular endothelium—a multifunctional organ system composed of physiologically responsive cells responsible for vasomotion (vascular tone), thromboresistance, and inflammoresistance. Simply by virtue of its anatomic location, the vascular endothelium is functionally complex. It defines the intra- and extravascular components, serves as a selectively permeable barrier, and provides a continuous lining to the cardiovascular system. The location of the vascular endothelium is vital to its biologic interactions with cells found within the circulation and to the vessel wall itself. The surface activity is augmented in the microcirculation, also known as the resistance bed, where the ratio of endothelial surface to circulating blood is maximal. In most vertebrates, vascular endothelial cells form a single layer of squamous lining cells (0.1–0.5 μm in thickness) joined by intercellular junctions. The cells themselves are polygonal (varying between 10 and 50 μm) and are positioned in the long axis of the vessel, orienting the cellular longitudinal dimension in the direction of blood flow. The endothelial cell has three surfaces: luminal (nonthrombogenic), subluminal (adhesive), and cohesive. The luminal surface is devoid of electron-dense connective tissue. It does, however, possess an exterior coat (or glycocalyx), consisting primarily of starches and proteins secreted by the endothelial cells. Plasma proteins, including lipoprotein lipase, α2-macroglobulin, heparin cofactor II, antithrombin, and albumin, as well as small amounts of fibrinogen and fibrin are adsorbed to the luminal surface. The surface membrane itself adds significantly to thromboresistance by carrying a negative charge that repels similarly charged circulating blood cells. The subluminal (or abluminal) surface adheres to subendothelial connective tissues. Small processes penetrate through a series of internal layers to form myoendothelial junctions with subjacent smooth muscle cells. The cohesive component of the vascular endothelium connects individual endothelial cells to one another by cell junctions of two basic types: occluding (tight) junctions and communicating (gap) junctions. Occluding junctions represent a physical link between adjacent cells, sealing the intercellular space.
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Conference papers on the topic "Permeable bead"

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Choudhary, A., and S. C. Martha. "Wave scattering by a permeable barrier over undulating bed topography." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2015 (ICNAAM 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4952251.

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Choi, J. H., and C. K. H. Dharan. "Tangential Stress in Cortical Bone Subjected to Dynamic Axial Loading." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23029.

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Abstract Cortical bone is a complex hierarchical composite lamallae structure consisting, in general, of a mineral phase (calcium hydroxyapatite), an organic phase (collagen) and fluid [1]. In the analysis of bone, the liquid phase is usually neglected, an assumption that is reasonable for steady state or quasi-static loading. However, when cortical bone is loaded dynamically in the axial direction, the presence of the constrained fluid generates time-dependent stresses in the tangential direction. Since the tangential stress acts perpendicular to the weak transverse direction of the bone, it can create damage in this direction. Cyclic axial compressive loading will result in cyclic tensile loading in the tangential direction which can eventually result in fatigue damage. Such damage has actually been observed in studies conducted on heavily exercised race horses where damage was observed in the form of micro cracks oriented perpendicular to the tangential direction and whose fracture planes lie along the axial direction [2]. In this work, cortical bone is modeled as a biphasic material consisting of a permeable composite material filled with fluid. The geometry considered is that of a hollow cylinder made up of multiple concentric permeable lamellae filled with fluid (Fig. 1). When this structure is loaded axially in compression, a tensile tangential stress is developed which decays with time. The decay rate is a function of permeability and radial position. The greater the permeability, the faster the decay rate. The tangential stress peaks at the inner radius and decreases with radial position (Fig. 2). The tangential stress also peaks earlier at the inner radius. The rate of decay is slower at the outside surface where the bone is subjected to the tangential stress for a much longer time than at the inner surface (Fig. 2). This view of bone as a biphasic structure subjected to dynamic loading may provide a rationale for some of the damage modes observed in vivo in bones subjected to cyclic and impact loading.
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Kavitha, K. Rangarao, and Ch Venkata Ramana Murthy. "MHD influence on second order fluid flow over an inclined permeable bed." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT (ICAISD) 2021: Innovating Scientific Learning for Deep Communication. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0143092.

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Shagolshem, Sumanta, Siluvai Antony Selvan, Muhammad Sani, and Harekrushna Behera. "Surface wave scattering by porous and flexible barrier over a permeable bed." In THE 11TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112364.

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de Lemos, Marcelo J. S. "Turbulent Flow in a Channel Containing a Moving Saturated Permeable Medium." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67632.

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Moving beds are present in a number of engineering equipment. Their analyses contribute to improvement of many energy and material production processes. Here, transport equations for flow in a moving bed reactor are presented. Such device is modeled as a saturated porous matrix with a steady speed. Transport equations are time-and-volume averaged and additional form and viscous drags, due to the porous structure, are assumed to be a function of the relative velocity between phases. Turbulence equations reflect their dependence on the speed of the solid substrate. Results show the decay of turbulent kinetic energy levels as the solid speed approaches the speed of the moving fluid.
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Tsai, Ching-Piao, Hong-Bin Chen, Dong-Sheng Jeng, and Kuan-Hong Chen. "Wave Transformation and Soil Response Due to Submerged Permeable Breakwater." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92088.

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This study reports the experimental results of the wave transformation and the wave-induced soil response when the waves pass through the submerged permeable breakwater. The model of the submerged breakwater was built on a horizontal sandy bottom. The experimental results of the spectrum of the wave transformation and the wave-induced pore-pressure are first analyzed in this paper. It is found that the wave spectrum is similar to the condition of the impermeable bottom that the higher harmonic mode appears when the waves pass over the submerged structure. However, the higher harmonic mode is not found in the spectrum of the wave-induced pore pressure, showing that the nonlinearity of the pore pressure is damped by the porous bed. The influences of the geometry of the submerged breakwater to the transformation of the wave height and the pore-pressure are also investigated. Based on the experimental results, the regression formulas for the coefficients of the wave reflection, the wave transmission and the wave energy dissipation are obtained in the paper.
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Avdonin, Alexander, Mohammad Ebadi, and Vladislav Krutko. "Application of High-Contrast µCT and FIB-SEM for the Improvement in the Permeability Prediction of Tight Rock Samples." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206588-ms.

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Abstract Digital rock analysis has proven to be useful for the prediction of petrophysical properties of conventional reservoirs, where the pore space is captured well by a modern µCT scanner with a resolution of 1-5 µm. Nevertheless, this resolution is not enough to accurately capture the pore space of tight (low-permeable) rock samples. As a result, derived digital rock models do not reflect the real rock topology, and permeability predictions yield unreliable results. Our approach deploys high-contrast µCT scanning technique and Focused Ion Beam milling combined with Scanning Electron Microscopy to improve the quality of digital rock models and, hence, the permeability prediction. This workflow is successfully applied to a low-permeable rock sample of Achimov deposits. The computed permeability compares well to the experimental value.
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Nakamura, N., T. Ohshima, K. Nakagawa, and M. Miyao. "Fabrication of Si/CoSi2/Si Permeable Base Transistor Using Self-Aligned and Two Step Molecular Beam Epitaxy." In 1989 Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1989.a-5-3.

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de Lemos, Marcelo J. S. "The Structure of Turbulence in a Moving Bed as a Function of Flow and Medium Properties." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21591.

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This article presents simulations for turbulent flows in a moving permeable bed making use of a macroscopic turbulence model. Intra-pore turbulence is considered by means of a two-equation closure. Governing equations for mean and turbulent flows are volume-averaged. The resulting set of transport equations is discretized using the control-volume method and the obtained algebraic equation set is relaxed via the SIMPLE algorithm. Results indicate that for larger values of Reynolds number, a greater amount of available mechanical energy is converted into turbulence. Simulations further indicate that for lower values of Darcy number and bed porosity, higher levels of turbulence kinetic energy are calculated.
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Eda, Takeshi, Achyut Sapkota, and Masahiro Takei. "Investigation of Liquid Dispersion in the Packed-Bed by Electrical Resistance Tomography." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54841.

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Revealing gas-liquid permeable flow phenomena in the porous media is helpful for the environmental impact assessment of geological disposal of radioactive waste and purification of radioactive contamination water. This paper aims to investigate the liquid phase dispersion inside co-current downward gas-liquid flow in the bed packed with spherical particle as basic model. Water and air are injected from the top center of column, and water is spreading to the entire cross-section flowing down along the column. Radial dispersion of water is captured by electrical resistance tomography on several axial positions. The results indicated that liquid flow rate have impact on radial dispersion of water.
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Reports on the topic "Permeable bead"

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Ramos-Santiago, Efrain, Yamiretsy Pagan-Albelo, Jeremy Sharp, Curtis Blades, and Kevin Pigg. Evaluation of a permeable dam as an erosion control structure on Coca River, Ecuador. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47169.

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The effort performed here describes the process to evaluate the scour-protection performance of the proposed permeable dam. The US Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, built a 1:50 Froude scaled movable bed section model of the permeable dam structure and tested in a specialized flume that simulates regressive erosion propagation. Profiles were collected at various times to track the progression of the scour. Tests evaluated variations of the proposed structure, which included tetrapods, riprap, bridge piers, and longitudinal piles. For the various proposed alternatives, a total of six tests were conducted. The collected profiles show the ability or inability of each alternative and its associated performance. From this analysis, untethered tetrapods could not effectively arrest the local scour around the structure. However, large rock along with invert control stopped the regressive erosion and held the upstream grade.
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Gordon, Eleanor, and Briony Jones. Building Success in Development and Peacebuilding by Caring for Carers: A Guide to Research, Policy and Practice to Ensure Effective, Inclusive and Responsive Interventions. University of Warwick Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-00-6.

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The experiences and marginalisation of international organisation employees with caring responsibilities has a direct negative impact on the type of security and justice being built in conflict-affected environments. This is in large part because international organisations fail to respond to the needs of those with caring responsibilities, which leads to their early departure from the field, and negatively affects their work while in post. In this toolkit we describe this problem, the exacerbating factors, and challenges to overcoming it. We offer a theory of change demonstrating how caring for carers can both improve the working conditions of employees of international organisations as well as the effectiveness, inclusivity and responsiveness of peace and justice interventions. This is important because it raises awareness among employers in the sector of the severity of the problem and its consequences. We also offer a guide for employers for how to take the caring responsibilities of their employees into account when developing human resource policies and practices, designing working conditions and planning interventions. Finally, we underscore the importance of conducting research on the gendered impacts of the marginalisation of employees with caring responsibilities, not least because of the breadth and depth of resultant individual, organisational and sectoral harms. In this regard, we also draw attention to the way in which gender stereotypes and gender biases not only inform and undermine peacebuilding efforts, but also permeate research in this field. Our toolkit is aimed at international organisation employees, employers and human resources personnel, as well as students and scholars of peacebuilding and international development. We see these communities of knowledge and action as overlapping, with insights to be brought to bear as well as challenges to be overcome in this area. The content of the toolkit is equally relevant across these knowledge communities as well as between different specialisms and disciplines. Peacebuilding and development draw in experts from economics, politics, anthropology, sociology and law, to name but a few. The authors of this toolkit have come together from gender studies, political science, and development studies to develop a theory of change informed by interdisciplinary insights. We hope, therefore, that this toolkit will be useful to an inclusive and interdisciplinary set of knowledge communities. Our core argument - that caring for carers benefits the individual, the sectors, and the intended beneficiaries of interventions - is relevant for students, researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.
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