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1
Saikia, SK, and DN Das. "Diversity and productivity (Chlorophyll-a and Biomass) of periphyton on natural and artificial substrates from wetland ecosystem." Journal of Wetlands Ecology 5 (December 28, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v5i0.4624.
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Periphyton from rice-fish environment of Apatani Plateau, Arunachal Pradesh, India was studied for diversity and productivity (Chlorophyll-a and biomass) on artificial (glass slide) and natural (rice stem) substrates. Periphyton from rice stems, especially, from cultivars locally known as ‘Amo’ were collected from a depth of 7.0-8.0 cm from surface water and 5.0 cm above from the field bottom. Glass slides (15 × 18cm) were fitted in periphyton sampler and fixed at different depths. The rice fish environment was found to harbor rich periphytic diversity throughout the whole cropping season of 2002 and 2003. Total 88 genera of periphytic microalgae were reported from the environment with an order of preference of Chlorophyceae>Bacillariophyceae>Cyanophyceae. The Shannon Wienner diversity (H´) and evenness (J) indices of periphyton from rice stems indicated tendencies of Chlorophycea and Cyanophyceae to exhibit periphytic life on rice stems, whereas Bacillariophyceae preferred glass slide. Dry matter (DM) and Ash free dry matter (AFDM) values reflected the affinity of non algal periphytic resource to associate on both rice stems and glass slide. The results of periphytic Chl-a from rice stem was significantly higher to glass slides and show selectivity of algal periphytic resource to colonize on rice stem. Its sudden decline during late aquatic phase on rice stem explains heterotrophic nature of rice fish environment. The rice stems as natural substrate, thus, exhibited a rich ground for periphyton growth in rice fields of Apatani Plateau. It also stands as potential candidate to be used as a source for organic nutrients in the form of periphyton for aquaculture. Key words: Apatani plateau; Rice-fish; Common carp; Periphyton; Rice stemDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v5i0.4624 J Wet Eco 2011 (5): 1-9
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Anishchenko, Olesya, Michail Gladyshev, Elena Kravchuk, Elena Ivanova, Iliada Gribovskaya, and Nadezhda Sushchik. "Seasonal variations of metal concentrations in periphyton and taxonomic composition of the algal community at a Yenisei River littoral site." Open Life Sciences 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-009-0060-y.
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AbstractThe concentrations of metals K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Co and Cr, in the water and periphyton (epilithic algal communities) were studied at a site in the middle stream of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) during three years using monthly sampling frequencies. Despite considerable seasonal variations in aquatic concentrations of some metals, there was no correlation between metal contents in the water and in periphyton. Seasonal concentration variations of some metals in periphyton were related to the species (taxonomic) composition of periphytic microalgae and cyanobacteria. Enhanced levels of Ni and Co in periphyton in late autumn, winter, and early spring were likely caused by the predominance of cyanobacteria in the periphytic community, and annual maximum levels of K in periphyton in late spring and early summer were attributed to the domination of Chlorophyta, primarily Ulothrix zonata.
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Souza, Mariane Lima de, and Carla Ferragut. "Influence of substratum surface roughness on periphytic algal community structure in a shallow tropical reservoir." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 24, no. 4 (April 12, 2013): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2013005000004.
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AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the algal periphytic community structure on substrates with differing surface roughness in early and longer-term colonization; METHODS: Periphyton was sampled after 30 days (June 24 to July 24, 2008) and 5 days (July 07 to July 12, 2010) substrate exposure during dry season. Plastic slides were used as artificial substrate. Treatments were smooth surface (control), low roughness, medium roughness and high roughness. Samples were collected for limnological condition and periphyton (chlorophyll-a, AFDM, algal biovolume and density, species richness and diversity) analysis; RESULTS: Periphytic biomass, algal density and biovolume had no significant difference among treatments after 30 and 5 days colonization time. Taxonomic similarity was the lowest among treatments and the greatest difference occurred between control and treatments with roughness surface. Bacillariophyceae biovolume decreased with increasing surface roughness. Adherence forms, algal classes and species descriptors were significantly different after 5 days colonization time, especially in medium e high roughness surface. In the colonization advanced phase only species descriptors differ among treatments. Periphytic algae with pads and stalks for adherence decreased with increasing surface roughness. CONCLUSION: Substrate physical properties had little or no influence on periphyton biomass accumulation, total density and biovolume in this study, but algal assemblages were sensitive to changes in the microtopography. More studies are needed to increase understanding of the relation substrate-periphyton in tropical ecosystems.
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Tonkin, Jonathan D., Russell G. Death, and José Barquín. "Periphyton control on stream invertebrate diversity: is periphyton architecture more important than biomass?" Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 9 (2014): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13271.
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There is little consensus on the form of the periphyton biomass–macroinvertebrate diversity relationship in streams. One factor that these relationships do not account for is the growth form of primary producers. We (1) examined the periphyton biomass–macroinvertebrate diversity relationship in 24 streams of Cantabria, Spain, in July 2007, and (2) determined whether this relationship was underpinned, and better explained, by specific responses to the growth form of the periphyton community. We hypothesised that macroinvertebrate diversity would be a log-linear function of periphyton biomass and would respond differently to two coarse divisions of the periphytic community; i.e. positively to %cover of non-filamentous algae and negatively to %cover of streaming filamentous algae. There was no relationship between benthic periphyton biomass and macroinvertebrate diversity in these streams but, as predicted, this relationship was underpinned by responses to the growth form of periphyton community. Generally, macroinvertebrate diversity responded positively to %cover of non-filaments and negatively to %cover of streaming filaments, although results were variable. These findings suggest that periphyton biomass–macroinvertebrate diversity relationships in streams can be underpinned by interactions with specific growth forms of periphyton. We suggest that further research is required to develop robust thresholds of %cover of filamentous algae cover that would benefit managers wishing to minimise negative effects of eutrophication on stream communities.
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Lakatos, Gyula, Ildikó Mátrai, János Kundrát, and István Gyulai. "The Mass Ratio of the Epiphytic Periphyton of the Nyéki-Holt-Duna." Landscape & Environment 10, no. 3-4 (September 19, 2016): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/10/3-4/17.
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The knowledge of the periphytic structure is important for the fact that the composition of epiphytic periphyton indicates the ecologically different habitats, the biological state of water-quality and its changes. Plants like reed, great bulrush, saligot, pondweed, and water-rose separately were collected from the different sampling sites for the epiphytic periphyton examination. We performed the comparability of the monitoring systems based on the periphyton category (mass), the group (ash%), the type (chl-a%), and the character (AI), and we used the biological indicators to determine the ecological state. Taking into consideration the examined years and the results of the analysis of the mass and the chemical composition of the periphyton, by means of the NTPI, the overweight of the good ecological state is characteristic of the Nyéki-Holt-Danube.
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Andreeva, N. A. "Monitoring the composition of periphyton and epiliton cyanobacteria in the coastal shallow water (Black Sea, Sevastopol)." Monitoring systems of environment, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33075/2220-5861-2022-1-74-80.
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During 2017–2021 a study of the composition of periphytic cyanobacteria in the coastal waters of the bays of Sevastopol was carried out. The composition of cyanobacteria in the periphyton and epilithon varied over the years in the range of 4–7 and 2–8 forms, respectively. Over the entire period, 16 system-atic units have been identified, which are representatives of 7 orders: Chroococcales, Chroococcidiop-sidales, Synechococcales, Pleurocapsales, Oscillatoriales, Nostocales and Stigonematales. The absolute dominants in the periphyton of the glasses were cyanobacteria of the order Oscillatoriales, and oscillatory and Pleurocapsa in the epilithon. 11 strains of cyanobacteria have breen isolated from periphyton and epilithon.
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Fernandes, V. O., and F. A. Esteves. "The use of indices for evaluating the periphytic community in two kinds of substrate in Imboassica Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 63, no. 2 (May 2003): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842003000200008.
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Biological indices based on the biomass (dry weight, ash content, and chlorophyll-a) of the periphyton in a natural (submersed leaves of Typha domingensis Pers) and in an artificial (plastic hoses) substrate were compared, in experiments performed in summer and winter, in two sampling stations of Imboassica Lagoon, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. The periphytic community exhibited low biomass at the beginning and end of the experiments, and moderate biomass in the intermediate period of the experiment, whatever the kind of substrate, sampling station, and season. In both seasons, there was a spatial variation regarding the degree of trophy of the periphyton, due to the difference of nutrient availability among the sampling stations. The alternation of inorganic and organic periphyton, as well as of their heterotrophic, hetero-autotrophic, auto-heterotrophic and, autotrophic character was due to changes in the abiotic factors of the sampling periods. The Lakatos index proved more sensitive than the Autotrophic Index to variations in the composition of the periphytic community.
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Saikia, S. K., and D. N. Das. "Potentiality of Periphyton-based Aquaculture Technology in Rice-fish Environment." Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 3 (August 29, 2009): 624–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2114.
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Periphyton is being used traditionally as rich aquatic feed for fishes throughout the countries like Cambodia, West Africa, Srilanka, India and Bangladesh. In waterlogged rice environment, it can be judiciously utilized as feed source introducing periphytophagous fish. Studies supported rice straw as suitable substrate for periphyton growth. The study of gut content of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from a periphyton-based rice-fish culture system in Apatani Plateau of Arunachal Pradesh, India showed maximum of 60 genera of microflora and fauna with periphytic in nature. The farmers from this rice-fish culture practice are gaining an average fish production of 500kg ha-1 180 day-1 without employing any supplementary feed. Better selection and determination of appropriate stocking density of periphytophagous fish in waterlogged rice-fields might extend the rice-fish culture towards a sustainable and self-substrating periphyton based aquaculture (SSPBA) practice. Keywords: Periphyton; Sustainable agriculture; Rice-fish; Self-substrating; Common carp; Apatani plateau. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2114 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 624-634 (2009)
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Bari, M. A., M. I. Hossain, and M. A. J. Miah. "Synthesis of Acryclic Acid Ethyl Ester from Aldehydes Catalyzed by Copper Triflates." Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 3 (August 29, 2009): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2473.
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Periphyton is being used traditionally as rich aquatic feed for fishes throughout the countries like Cambodia, West Africa, Srilanka, India and Bangladesh. In waterlogged rice environment, it can be judiciously utilized as feed source introducing periphytophagous fish. Studies supported rice straw as suitable substrate for periphyton growth. The study of gut content of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from a periphyton-based rice-fish culture system in Apatani Plateau of Arunachal Pradesh, India showed maximum of 60 genera of microflora and fauna with periphytic in nature. The farmers from this rice-fish culture practice are gaining an average fish production of 500kg ha-1 180 day-1 without employing any supplementary feed. Better selection and determination of appropriate stocking density of periphytophagous fish in waterlogged rice-fields might extend the rice-fish culture towards a sustainable and self-substrating periphyton based aquaculture (SSPBA) practice. Keywords: Periphyton; Sustainable agriculture; Rice-fish; Self-substrating; Common carp; Apatani plateau. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2114 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 624-634 (2009)
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Santhiya, A. Anix Vivek, S. Athithan, B. Ahilan, J. Stephen, Sampath Kumar, and A. Srinivasan. "Evaluation of periphyton quantity on different natural substrates in Earthen lined pond." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1413.
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Experiments were conducted in outdoor earthen lined pond to study periphyton quantity on three types of natural substrates such as split bamboo pole, coconut coir and coconut shell, which was placed inside the earthen lined pond filled with seawater for duration of 45 days. Observations were made in every 15th day for growth of periphyton both qualitatively and quantitatively on the three natural substrates and physico-chemical properties of selected pond water such as transparency, water temperature, salinity, pH, Dissolved oxygen, Ammonia (NH3-N), Nitrite (NO2-N), Nitrate (NO3-N), BOD and Chlorophyll ‘a’ were recorded during periphyton samplings. The periphy-ton quantity (34562 ± 671 cells / cm2) observed for coconut coir was higher than the split bamboo pole (33104 ± 810 cells / cm2), and coconut shell (21194 ± 872 cells / cm2) in the final day of the experiment. One way ANOVA of the data collected clearly affirmed that significant differences were observed (P < 0.05) in periphyton quantity among the three substrates tested. A total 16 phyto-periphytic microalgae (Bacillariophyceae – 10 types, Dinophyceae – 4 types and Cyanophyceae – 2 types) and 10 Zoo-periphyton (Copepod- 4 types, Meroplankton – 4 types and Tintin-nidae – 2 types) were recorded from these three substrates. Among the different phyto-periphytic microalgae, Bacil-lariophyceae group were found to be more (Split bamboo pole – 72%, Coconut coir – 73% and Coconut shell – 71%) on three substrates studied. Further, coconut coir was found to be best substrate than split bamboo pole and coconut shell, which can be utilized by fin and shellfishes as natural food.
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Bahri, Syamsul, and Iga Maliga. "Pengaruh Organisme Perifiton dalam Memperbaiki Kualitas Air pada Lahan Basah Buatan Sistem Aliran Air Permukaan Bebas." JURNAL SUMBER DAYA AIR 14, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v14i1.289.
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The main removal mechanism of water contaminants in wetlands is microorganisms activities. One of them is a periphyton that lives on a submerged substratum. Therefore, a study of the influence of periphyton in construcetd wetlands which is important in improving water quality. The research objectives were to identify of the quality of influent, the composition of algae, the periphytone algae as primary producer, the influence of free water surface velocity factor, the quality of effluent, efectivity and eficiency of constracted wetlands. The study was conducted in Bandung City on January 2017. The results show that influent of sewage is contaminated with domestic wastewater. In constructed wetlands foundthree classes of benthic algae as periphyton, namely Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cyanophyta. Periphyton algae play an important role in the transfer of oxygen into water colomn. The free surface velocity factor was strongly correlated to the percent removal of nitrate (r = 0.84) and very strong to the percent removal of total phosphate (r = 0.90) by periphyton. The quality of effluent that qualified grade III were total phosphate and COD parameter only. Effectivity of treatement were 6,6% ? 38,3% BOD, 6,0% ? 38% COD. Efficiency of treatment on the water discharge 0,01 L/s were 4,4% ammonium; 39,2% nitrat; 47,1% organic nitrogen; 53,6% phosphate total; 38,3% BOD; 38% COD; 76,5% detergent.
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Ishikawa, N. F., M. Yamane, H. Suga, N. O. Ogawa, Y. Yokoyama, and N. Ohkouchi. "Chlorophyll <i>a</i>-specific Δ<sup>14</sup>C, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values in stream periphyton: implications for aquatic food web studies." Biogeosciences 12, no. 22 (November 26, 2015): 6781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6781-2015.
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Abstract. Periphytic algae attached to a streambed substrate (periphyton) are an important primary producer in stream ecosystems. We determined the isotopic composition of chlorophyll a in periphyton collected from a stream flowing on limestone bedrock in the Seri River, central Japan. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) and natural radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) were measured in chlorophyll a (δ13Cchl, δ15Nchl and Δ14Cchl) and bulk (δ13Cbulk, δ15Nbulk and Δ14Cbulk) for periphyton, a pure aquatic primary producer (Cladophora sp.) and a terrestrial primary producer (Quercus glauca). Periphyton δ13Cbulk and δ13Cchl values did not necessarily correspond to δ13Cbulk for an algal-grazing specialist (Epeorus latifolium). Periphyton Δ14Cchl values (−258 ‰ in April and −190 ‰ in October) were slightly lower than Δ14Cbulk values (−228 ‰ in April and −179 ‰ in October) but were close to the Δ14C value for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; −217 ± 31 ‰), which is a mixture of weathered carbonates (Δ14C = −1000 ‰), CO2 derived from aquatic and terrestrial organic matters (variable Δ14C) and dissolved atmospheric CO2 (Δ14C approximately +30 ‰ in 2013). Δ14Cchl values were also close to Δ14Cbulk for E. latifolium (−215 ‰ in April and −199 ‰ in October) and Cladophora sp. (−210 ‰), whereas the Δ14Cbulk value for Q. glauca (+27 ‰) was closer to Δ14C for atmospheric CO2. Although the bulk isotopic composition of periphyton is recognised as a surrogate for the photosynthetic algal community, natural periphyton is a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial organic materials. Our results indicate that the bulk periphyton matrix at the study site consists of 89 to 95 % algal carbon (derived from 14C-depleted DIC) and 5 to 11 % terrestrial organic carbon (derived from 14C-enriched atmospheric CO2).
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Ishikawa, N. F., M. Yamane, H. Suga, N. O. Ogawa, Y. Yokoyama, and N. Ohkouchi. "Chlorophyll <i>a</i> specific Δ<sup>14</sup>C, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values in stream periphyton: implications for aquatic food web studies." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2015): 11089–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-11089-2015.
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Abstract. We determined the isotopic composition of chlorophyll a in periphytic algae attached to a streambed substrate (periphyton). The samples were collected from a stream flowing on limestone bedrock in the Seri River, central Japan. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) and natural radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) were measured in chlorophyll a (δ13Cchl, δ15Nchl and Δ14Cchl) and bulk (δ13Cbulk, δ15Nbulk and Δ14Cbulk) for periphyton, pure aquatic primary producer (Cladophora sp.) and terrestrial primary producer (Quercus glauca). Periphyton δ13Cbulk and δ13Cchl values did not necessarily correspond to δ13Cbulk for an algal-grazing specialist (Mayfly larva, Epeorus latifolium), suggesting that periphyton δ13C values do not faithfully trace carbon transfer between primary producers and primary consumers. Periphyton Δ14Cchl values (−258 ‰ in April and −190 ‰ in October) were slightly lower than Δ14Cbulk values (−228 ‰ in April and −179 ‰ in October), but were close to the Δ14C value for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (−217 ± 31 ‰), which is a mixture of weathered carbonates (Δ14C = −1000 ‰) and dissolved atmospheric CO2 (Δ14C approximately +30 ‰ in 2013). Δ14Cchl values were also close to Δ14Cbulk for E. latifolium (−215 ‰ in April and −199 ‰ in October) and Cladophora sp. (−210 ‰), whereas the Δ14Cbulk value for Q. glauca (+27 ‰) was closer to Δ14C for atmospheric CO2. Although the bulk isotopic composition of periphyton is recognised as a surrogate for the photosynthetic algal community, natural periphyton is a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial organic materials. Our results indicate that the bulk periphyton matrix at the study site consists of 89 to 95 % algal carbon (derived from 14C-depleted DIC) and 5 to 11 % terrestrial organic carbon (derived from 14C-enriched atmospheric CO2).
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Pontasch, Kurt W., and Merlyn A. Brusven. "Periphyton Response to a Gasoline Spill in Wolf Lodge Creek, Idaho." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-205.
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A post-impact study on a 94438-L unleaded gasoline spill into Wolf Lodge Creek in northern Idaho was undertaken to determine the temporal and spatial response of periphyton following the spill. Periphytic biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations were determined above and below the spill. Downstream areas were mechanically agitated to release substrate-trapped hydrocarbons 35 d after the spill. Periphyton samples taken 26 d after the spill indicated that periphytic biomass, especially of the heterotrophs, was greater in the impacted than unimpacted areas; the Autorophic Index was up to 30 times greater in the impacted reach. Two months after the spill and 1 mo after stream cleaning, the Autotrophic Index was approximately the same in reference and impacted areas.
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Signor, Altevir, Arcangelo Augusto Signor, Wilson Rogério Boscolo, Adilson Reidel, Sidnei Klein, and Aldi Feiden. "Periphyton biomass on artificial substrates during the summer and winter." Ciência Rural 45, no. 1 (January 2015): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20130635.
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This study evaluated the periphyton production on artificial substrates considering it as a source of low cost live food for fish. Blades of artificial substrates such as wood, black plastic, acrylic, fiberglass, ceramics and glass (all with 144cm2 blades, 24 for each substrate) were submerged 20.0cm below the water column for 35 days in the winter and 42 days in the summer. The blades were randomly installed in 200m3 pond and evaluated for the biomass production at different phases during the summer and winter. Four blades of each substrate were collected weekly, and the periphytic community was carefully scraped with a spatula and fixed in 4% formaldehyde. The periphytic biomass productivity was evaluated by artificial substrate area and per day. The results evidenced the characteristic periodicity in periphyton biomass production and a significant variability in the collect period and season in the different artificial substrates used. Ceramic and wood showed the best results in the summer while wood showed the best results in the winter. The priphyton biomass productions differ among periods, substrates and seasons. Wood and ceramics could be indicated for periphyton biomass production in either winter or summer.
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Sosiak, Al. "Long-term response of periphyton and macrophytes to reduced municipal nutrient loading to the Bow River (Alberta, Canada)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 987–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-071.
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The biomass of periphyton and aquatic macrophytes (Potamogeton vaginatus and Potamogeton pectinatus) in the Bow River was sampled over 16 years to assess the response of these plants to improved phosphorus (19821983) and nitrogen removal (19871990) at Calgary's two municipal wastewater treatment plants. These improvements in treatment reduced total phosphorus loading to the Bow River by 80%, total ammonia loading by 53%, and nitrite + nitrate loading by 50%. No change in periphytic biomass was detected after enhanced phosphorus removal where total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in river water remained relatively high (1033 μg·L1). However, periphytic biomass declined at sites further downstream with TDP < 10 μg·L1. Regression analysis predicted that nuisance periphyton biomass (>150 mg·m2) occurred at TDP > 6.4 μg·L1 (95% confidence interval: 1.97.6 μg·L1). Macrophyte biomass was inversely correlated with discharge and was lower during high-discharge years. Biomass also declined following enhanced nutrient removal, with the greatest decrease following reduced nitrogen discharge. These results provide the first evidence for a response of periphyton and aquatic macrophytes to enhanced nutrient removal from municipal wastewater.
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Rusanov, Alexander G., and Elena V. Stanislavskaya. "Spatial variation in taxonomic and functional composition of periphytic algae in lakes of Karelian Isthmus." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 2(29) (2022): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2022-2(29)-38-45.
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Variation in species and functional structure of periphytic algae community in relation to chemical, physical, climatic and spatial factors was studied in 55 lakes of Karelian Isthmus. To assess factors driving functional structure, all algal species were divided into eight functional groups that differ in cell/colony morphology and attachment mode to the substrate. Variance partitioning analysis showed that environmental factors (chemical and climatic) prevailed over spatial variables in explaining variation in periphyton species structure. On the contrary, periphyton functional structure depended more on spatial variables than on environmental factors (chemical and physical). This suggests that dispersal processes which are dependent on landscape characteristics of the region and hydrological connectivity along individual river networks play a more significant role in spatial variation of functional composition of periphytic algae.
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Yadav, Arpana, Dhananjay Kumar, Ram Sharan Singh, Lalit K. Pandey, and Jyoti Rai. "Seasonal variations in response of periphytic algal community to nutrient enrichment in the river Ganga (Varanasi, India)." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 54 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2018025.
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Effect of nutrient enrichment on periphyton was studied using chemical diffusing substrates that released, singly or in combination, PO43−-P and nitrogen, both NO3−-N and NH4+-N. The study was carried out in March and June 2014 as these two time periods showed abundance of different groups of algae. Whereas diatoms and green algae were abundant in March, cyanobacteria dominated in June. Nitrogen was primarily growth limiting in river water as its enrichment enhanced the growth of periphyton. Phosphate limitation was secondary in nature. Enrichment of NH4+-N caused greater enhancement of periphytic growth than that of NO3−-N. Nutrient enrichment reduced species diversity, further enhancing total biovolume of the periphytic group that was predominant at that particular point of time. Nutrient enrichment markedly increased cyanobacterial populations in June due inter alia to high temperature. In spite of nutrient enrichment, the periphytic biomass did not reach the level (chla≥ 100–150 mg m−2) considered as the nuisance, except in March when combined enrichment of PO43−-P and NO3−-N greatly enhanced the periphytic biomass.
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Denise, E. M., Osagie Okhator, G. P. Affah, and M. C. Anyadike. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PERIPHYTIC ALGAE OF IKOT EBAK RIVER, ESSIEN UDIM LGA, AKWA IBOM STATE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (May 11, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0602-924.
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Periphyton constitutes one of the primary sources of energy in the aquatic food chain in streams, rivers and lakes. They play important role in regulating carbon and nutrient cycling. They are also used in many studies as pollution index organisms. A survey of Periphytic algae in Ikot Ebak River was investigated between October 2019 and February 2020. Samples were collected monthly for physicochemical analysis and periphyton studies. Water samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected directly into transparent plastic containers, while periphyton samples were scraped from the surface of leaves, stems, and roots of aquatic macrophytes, dead and felled logs submerged on the banks of rivers, including the rocks embedded in the substratum. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO) showed seasonal patterns and qualitative variations in all the stations. A total of 106 taxa of periphytic algae were identified and grouped into four (4) divisions namely; Chlorophyta (64%), Bacillariophyta (19%), Cyanophyta (8%) and Euglenophyta (9%). There was no significant variation between the algal divisions and across the locations (p < 0.05). The Periphytic green algae compositions were dominated by desmids which play a significanct role in pollution monitoring along the coast of the river. The presence of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) and Euglena serves as an indicator that the river is perturbed with organic materials, also Oscillatoria (Cyanobacteria) denotes nutrient enrichment of the river
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Sallenave, R. M., and K. E. Day. "Uptake and Bioconcentration of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexachlorobiphenyl by Lotic Periphyton." Water Quality Research Journal 32, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1997.036.
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Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the uptake and bioconcentration of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP), a model hydrophobic organic compound, in lotic periphyton. The instantaneous rate of uptake and bioconcentration factor (BCF) were determined by following the time course of uptake of 14C-HCBP in periphytic communities established on glass slides. The rate of accumulation was highest in the first 3 hours, and steady state was reached within 8 days. The bioconcentration factor on a dry weight basis (BCFd) averaged 21,000. The results of a depuration experiment indicated that HCBP desorbed from periphyton, but at a much slower rate than its adsorption. The results support the hypothesis that the mechanism of uptake of HCBP in periphyton is a rapid surface sorption followed by a much slower transfer into lipids, and that sorption is largely dependent on the surface area available. The results of this study suggest that lotic periphyton provide a large surface area for adsorption and uptake of persistent hydrophobic compounds such as HCBP and, depending on the extent of grazing pressure, could greatly influence the fate and transport of these compounds in lotic systems.
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McNair, Sheila A., and Patricia Chow-Fraser. "Change in biomass of benthic and planktonic algae along a disturbance gradient for 24 Great Lakes coastal wetlands." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 676–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-054.
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We quantified the chlorophyll a content of planktonic algae and benthic algae in periphyton on acrylic rods and in epiphyton growing on macrophytes in 24 coastal wetlands in all five Laurentian Great Lakes. Sites were selected to represent a wide range of environmental conditions ranging from nutrient-poor, clear-water marshes with abundant macrophytes to nutrient-enriched, turbid systems devoid of aquatic vegetation. Water quality and species and percent cover of submergent macrophytes were measured in each wetland. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that total phosphorus, turbidity, and suspended solids, variables associated with human-induced degradation, were most strongly correlated with PC axis 1 (PC1), accounting for 69% of the total variation. The PC1 site score was significantly related to both periphyton and phytoplankton biomass, respectively accounting for 54 and 70% of the total variation in periphyton and phytoplankton data, whereas PC1 only accounted for 18% of the variation in epiphyton biomass. Periphytic and epiphytic biomass were negatively correlated with percent cover and species richness of submergent macrophytes, but phytoplankton biomass was not. We conclude that periphytic and planktonic chlorophyll a biomass are good indicators of human-induced water-quality degradation and recommend that both benthic and planktonic algal biomass should be routinely monitored as part of an effective wetland management program.
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Baffico, Gustavo, and Carmen Úbeda. "Larval diet of the frog Alsodes gargola (Leptodactylidae: Telmatobiinae) and some ecological considerations on its role in alpine and mountain aquatic environments in Patagonia." Amphibia-Reptilia 27, no. 2 (2006): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853806777239986.
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AbstractAlsodes gargola is an endemic species from northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Its tadpoles inhabit oligotrophic high altitude lakes and mountain streams from their sources. Tadpole diet is an important yet still unknown feature of its biology. This study analyzes alimentary tract content from A. gargola tadpoles collected from several of the species' typical habitats. For each group of items eaten, frequency of occurrence and its importance in the diet according to biovolume was calculated. Tadpole feeding behavior was also observed. The most common items were periphyton and plant material. The predominant algae were diatoms (typically periphytic), chlorophytes (periphytic and some planktonic) and a few cyanobacteria. Planktonic components were found in low proportion in all samples. The animal component (mainly from periphyton) was represented by ciliates, flagellates and amoebae, and varied according to the habitats, as did vascular plant fragments. There was a wide size range of ingested particles (from 10 to 400 μm) and a wide variety of components, according to the features of each habitat. These results suggest that tadpole of A. gargola are grazers of the periphytic community and detritus gatherers. The larval diet matches the tadpole's morphological and structural adaptations to a lotic-benthic habitat (depressed body, ventral subterminal oral disc capable of adherence, dorsal eyes, low, subparallel fins) and direct observation of behavior in natural environments (slow-swimming bottom-dwelling tadpoles in still water or streams with slow-flowing microhabitats). We discuss the ecological role of slow-developing tadpoles (regulation of periphyton development), which attain large biomass in their particular ecosystems, where they are the only aquatic vertebrates.
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Algarte, VM, NS Siqueira, EA Murakami, and L. Rodrigues. "Effects of hydrological regime and connectivity on the interannual variation in taxonomic similarity of periphytic algae." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 2 suppl (June 2009): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000300015.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of flood pulses (intensity) on the richness and composition of periphytic algae in lentic environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain, over a six-year period. Other factors, such as connectivity of the environments with the main channel of the river and the availability of substrate for the periphyton, were also evaluated. For qualitative analyses, periphyton community was sampled from adult petioles of Eichhornia azurea Kunth taken from the littoral regions of the lakes studied. A total of 457 taxa of periphytic algae, distributed within 141 genera and 10 classes, were registered in the four environments. The greatest richness of periphytic algae was observed in connected floodplain lakes, especially in 2007 and during high water periods. In both connected and disconnected lakes, richness correlated positively with water levels of the Paraná River. Richness was also positively correlated with the number of taxa of aquatic macrophytes. The specific composition of periphytic algae differed between high and low water periods, and between connected and disconnected lakes. Therefore, among the considered variables, it is evident that flood pulse constitutes the principal force acting on periphytic algae communities of the floodplain, followed by the degree of connectivity and the presence of aquatic macrophytes.
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Leandrini, JA, IA Fonseca, and L. Rodrigues. "Characterization of habitats based on algal periphyton biomass in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 3 (August 2008): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000300006.
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Considering the relevant role played by the hydrological regime on the structure and functioning of floodplains, this study aims at characterizing different types of aquatic environments according to periphyton biomass and evaluating the influence of the fluviometric levels of the Paraná River and other forcing functions upon the periphytic community. Periphyton (chlorophyll a) was analyzed in 28 habitats, during the years 2000 and 2001, in high and low water seasons. Both years were characterized by lacking the characteristic high water season. The Principal Components Analysis revealed two groups. The first component was positively associated with hydrometric level, electric conductivity, pH and transparency, and negatively with total nitrogen and total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and turbidity. The second component separated the habitats of Paraná River in the period of low waters from other environments, mainly for hydrometric level and high transparency values. Periphytic biomass of the habitats demonstrated that the maintenance of the functional integrity of the Upper Paraná River floodplain is closely related to its hydrologic cycle.
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Haque, Md Rezoanul, Mahmuda Akter, and Rubaiya Pervin. "Effects of C/N controlled periphyton based organic farming of freshwater prawn on water quality parameters and biotic factors." Journal of Fisheries 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2014): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v2i2.2014.37.
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The effects of C:N controlled periphyton based organic farming of freshwater prawn on water quality parameters and biotic factors were investigated. The experiment had two treatments: T1 and T2 each with three replications. Stocking density was maintained at 20,000 juveniles ha-1. In T1, only commercially available prawn feed was applied and in T2, a locally formulated and prepared feed containing 24% crude protein with C:N ratio close to 20 was used, and maize flour and bamboo side shoots were provided for maintaining C:N ratio 20.Mean values of water quality parameters did not vary significantly (P>0.05) between treatments. Periphytic biomass in terms of dry matter, ash free dry matter (AFDM) and chlorophyll a showed significant difference (P<0.05) among different sampling months. Individual harvesting weight, individual weight gain, specific growth rates, gross and net yields of prawn were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 than T1. Therefore, it was concluded that freshwater prawn might consume periphyton biomass in C:N controlled periphyton based organic farming practices resulted a significantly (P<0.05) higher production of freshwater prawn than traditional farming.
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Pervin, Rubaiya, Md Rezoanul Haque, and Mahmuda Akter. "Effects of C/N controlled periphyton based organic farming of freshwater prawn on water quality parameters and biotic factors." Journal of Fisheries 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2014): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.79.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of C:N controlled periphyton based organic farming of freshwater prawn on water quality parameters and biotic factors were investigated. The experiment had two treatments: T1 and T2 each with three replications. Stocking density was maintained at 20,000 juveniles ha-1. In T1, only commercially available prawn feed was applied and in T2, a locally formulated and prepared feed containing 24% crude protein with C:N ratio close to 20 was used, and maize flour and bamboo side shoots were provided for maintaining C:N ratio 20. Mean values of water quality parameters did not vary significantly (P>0.05) between treatments. Periphytic biomass in terms of dry matter, ash free dry matter (AFDM) and chlorophyll a showed significant difference (P<0.05) among different sampling months. Individual harvesting weight, individual weight gain, specific growth rates, gross and net yields of prawn were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 than T1. Therefore, it was concluded that freshwater prawn might consume periphyton biomass in C:N controlled periphyton based organic farming practices resulted a significantly (P<0.05) higher production of freshwater prawn than traditional farming.
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Moulton, Timothy P., Marcelo L. Souza, Ernesto F. Brito, M. Rosário Almeida Braga, and Stuart E. Bunn. "Strong interactions of Paratya australiensis (Decapoda:Atyidae) on periphyton in an Australian subtropical stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 9 (2012): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12063.
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Atyid shrimps are often an abundant component in undisturbed tropical streams. Studies in coastal streams in Puerto Rico and Brazil have demonstrated the importance of this group in removing periphyton and sediment from hard substrates and their effects on the composition and quantity of periphytic algae. We used experimental exclosures to investigate the influence of the small atyid Paratya australiensis on periphyton accrual on hard substrates in a coastal stream in the subtropics of Australia. We measured organic and inorganic matter, chlorophyll and algal biovolume in the presence and absence of shrimps on natural and artificial substrates. We found a 5-fold increase in the amount of organic matter on natural substrate in the absence of P. australiensis and a two to 10-fold increase in total periphyton mass on artificial substrate. The natural substrates did not show differences in biovolume of algae, however, algal biovolume on the artificial substrates was significantly higher in the exclusion treatment and diatoms were most affected. We conclude that P. australiensis can be considered a strongly-interacting element of the stream biota and an important species for monitoring and conservation.
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Doi, Hideyuki, Yasuhiro Takemon, Taichi Ohta, Yuko Ishida, and Eisuke Kikuchi. "Effects of reach-scale canopy cover on trophic pathways of caddisfly larvae in a Japanese mountain stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 9 (2007): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07067.
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Differences in trophic pathways between reaches with and without tree canopy cover above the channel were assessed using stable isotopes in a 1.4-km stretch of the Kamo River, Japan. The trophic pathways of two larval trichopteran species, a grazer (Goera joponica, Goeridae) inhabiting stone surfaces and a net-spinning filter-feeder (Stenopsyche marmorata, Stenopsychidae) inhabiting interstices of the stony stream bottom, were estimated using carbon and nitrogen isotopes in reaches with and without canopy cover in winter. The δ13C values of G. japonica were similar to those of periphyton at each station, suggesting that G. japonica is a grazer on periphyton. A significant positive correlation between carbon isotope values of S. marmorata and benthic particulate organic matter (BPOM) indicated that BPOM varied in composition according to the amount of solar energy within a reach. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between carbon isotope values of filter-feeders and the periphytic algal contribution to BPOM using an isotope mixing model, indicating that the main food source of the filter feeders was derived from the in situ periphytic algae in open reaches and from a terrestrial source in canopy-covered reaches.
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Dharmaji, Deddy, Suhaili Asmawi, Yunandar Yunandar, and Rio Rizky Kurniawan. "Analisis Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Perifiton Rawa Bangkau Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan Kalimantan Selatan." EnviroScienteae 16, no. 3 (December 9, 2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v16i3.9678.
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Periphyton group are biota communities that be able adapt and grow well in lentic waters. Their habits are adhere to a permanent location. Aquatic vegetation in Bangkau can influenced the periphyton abundance and diversity as natural food in the food chain. The purpose of this study was to analyzed abundance and diversity of Periphyton from different aquatic vegetation. The research was conducted in three stations by purposive sampling. The method used was quantitative explored. The data that has been taken were epiphythic periphyton samples. Periphyton sampling procedures, preservation, and analysis were carried out based on Indonesian National Standard methods. Bangkau’s peatland had the highest abundance of phytoplankton-periphyton (9982 sel/liter) in inlet, but low at middle station (778 sel/liter). Zooplankton-periphyton (553 sel/liter) in middle station was the highest abundance whereas in outlet station (153 sel/liter) was the lowest. Bacillariophyceae had predominant and always attendanced Oscillatoria, Closterium, Planktonella, Diatom, meanwhile zooplankton-periphyton dominated Ciliophora in all stations and sampling. Diversity index of phytoplankton-periphyton in inlet station (1,55) was the highest and in inlet (0,77) was the lowest. Zooplankton-periphyton in middle (1,76) and outlet (0,94) was different based on Shannon wiener’s Index. The abundance index of Bangkau were mesotrophic categorized for phytoplankton-periphyton and oligotrophic for zooplankton-periphyton. Due to the low level of species diversity (H’≤ 3) showed moderate stability and for the water quality conditions was moderate polluted.
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Dodds, Walter K., Val H. Smith, and Kirk Lohman. "Nitrogen and phosphorus relationships to benthic algal biomass in temperate streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-063.
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Knowledge of factors limiting benthic algal (periphyton) biomass is central to understanding energy flow in stream ecosystems and stream eutrophication. We used several data sets to determine how water column nutrients and nonnutrient factors are linked to periphytic biomass and if the ecoregion concept is applicable to nutrientperiphyton relationships. Literature values for seasonal means of biomass of periphyton, nutrient concentrations, and other stream characteristics were collected for almost 300 sampling periods from temperate streams. Data for benthic chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations from a subset of 620 stations in the United States National Stream Water-Quality Monitoring Networks were also analyzed. The greatest portion of variance in models for the mean and maximum biomass of benthic stream algae (about 40%) was explained by concentrations of total N and P. Breakpoint regression and a two-dimensional KolmogorovSmirnov statistical technique established significant breakpoints of about 30 µg total P·L1 and 40 µg total N·L1, above which mean chlorophyll values were substantially higher. Ecoregion effects on nutrientchlorophyll relationships were weak. Ecoregion effects were cross-correlated with anthropogenic effects such as percent urban and cropland area in the watershed and population density. Thus, caution is necessary to separate anthropogenic effects from natural variation at the ecoregion level.
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Bechara, José A., Guy Moreau, and Dolors Planas. "Top-Down Effects of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Boreal Forest Stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 2093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-233.
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The impact of fish predation on epibenthic organisms at different trophic levels was studied in a series of replicated experimental outdoor channels fed by a boreal forest stream (Québec, Canada). Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were introduced into five of 10 channels according to a randomized block experimental design. Periphyton biomass (expressed as total chlorophyll a and total organic matter) and macroinvertebrate biomass were measured four times during the summer. The biomass of small insects such as Chironomidae was always higher in the presence than in the absence of fish, while the biomass of larger invertebrates such as Baetis (Ephemeroptera) and Psychoglypha subborealis (Trichoptera) was reduced in the presence of fish. Periphyton biomass was significantly greater in channels with fish on the first sampling date after fish introduction but not at later dates. Complementary cage experiments, involving both the inclusion and exclusion of selected invertebrates from periphyton-covered surfaces, demonstrated that the presence of Baetis can reduce the periphytic biomass, while the presence of P. subborealis can reduce the biomass of Chironomidae. Overall, these results suggest that size-selective predation by brook trout can cause profound changes in the structure of epibenthic communities at primary as well as secondary trophic levels.
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Carneiro, Ruan de Oliveira, and Carla Ferragut. "Periphyton responses to enrichment and nutrient dilution in two mesocosm experiments in a shallow hypereutrophic reservoir." Limnetica 42, no. 1 (January 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23818/limn.42.06.
Full textAbstract:
Periphyton can contribute to maintaining oligotrophic conditions in restored shallow lakes and reservoirs. In two mesocosm experiments, we evaluated the periphyton responses to enrichment and nutrient dilution in a hypereutrophic reservoir. Effects of the isolated and combined N and P enrichment and dilution levels on periphyton biomass and structure on artificial substrate were investigated. For colonization of periphyton, glass slides were exposed for 14 days (enrichment experiment) and 21 days (dilution experiment) at 20 cm deep. We monitored the effects of N and P enrichment and dilution on the algal biomass, density, and species composition in the periphyton. P was a primary limiting factor for periphyton development. Periphyton algal density and biomass increased in response to combined and isolated P enrichment. Only the 75 % dilution had a positive and significant effect on biomass and algal density in the periphyton. In both mesocosm experiments, the periphyton structure changed, with Nitzschia palea (Kutz.) Smith responding positively to P enrichment and negatively to dilution. Achnanthidium minutissimum Complex becoming dominant following 50 % and 75 % eutrophic water dilution. Our results suggest that major environmental changes are necessary for a heterogeneous algal community structure in the periphyton in hypereutrophic con¬ditions. We conclude that, after a restoration process that reduces P-competition with phytoplankton and shading, periphyton can become an important primary producer in a hypereutrophic reservoir.
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Vadeboncoeur, Yvonne, and Alan D. Steinman. "Periphyton Function in Lake Ecosystems." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.294.
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Periphyton communities have received relatively little attention in lake ecosystems. However, evidence is increasing that they play a key role in primary productivity, nutrient cycling, and food web interactions. This review summarizes those findings and places them in a conceptual framework to evaluate the functional importance of periphyton in lakes. The role of periphyton is conceptualized based on a spatial hierarchy. At the coarsest scale, landscape properties such as lake morphometry, influence the amount of available habitat for periphyton growth. Watershed-related properties, such as loading of dissolved organic matter, nutrients, and sediments influence light availability and hence periphyton productivity. At the finer scale of within the lake, both habitat availability and habitat type affect periphyton growth and abundance. In addition, periphyton and phytoplankton compete for available resources at the within-lake scale. Our review indicates that periphyton plays an important functional role in lake nutrient cycles and food webs, especially under such conditions as relatively shallow depths, nutrient-poor conditions, or high water-column transparency. We recommend more studies assessing periphyton function across a spectrum of lake morphometry and trophic conditions.
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Iannino, Alessandra, Alexander Tim Ludwig Vosshage, Markus Weitere, and Patrick Fink. "Effects of phosphorus enrichment on the spatial heterogeneity of stream periphyton under uneven light conditions." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 11 (May 5, 2021): 2721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04591-0.
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AbstractSpatial variations in light and nutrient availability usually lead to a heterogeneous distribution of periphyton biomass within streams, but the effects of nutrient enrichment on periphyton heterogeneity are still poorly understood. We tested phosphorus enrichment effects on the heterogeneity of periphyton quantity and nutritional quality in an environment with uneven light conditions. Natural periphyton was grown at either high or low P supply in circular running water flumes, each of which was half shaded and half in light. After 3 weeks, periphyton biomass was significantly more heterogeneous at high P than at low P supply, as algal production increased with light only in the P-enriched treatment. However, periphyton C:P ratio was equally homogeneous in both P treatments, despite the light differences within each experimental flume. Although this outcome seems to contrast with the light:nutrient hypothesis, it is likely that high-quantity periphyton patches acquired more P and depleted the available P for the low-quantity patches, leading to an even C:P ratio within each flume. Therefore, in an environment with heterogeneous light availability, nutrient enrichment has the potential to increase the heterogeneity of periphyton quantity without affecting the heterogeneity of periphyton quality, due to periphyton patches not being independent of one another.
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Atkins, Karen S., Scott H. Hackley, Brant C. Allen, Shohei Watanabe, John E. Reuter, and S. Geoffrey Schladow. "Variability in periphyton community and biomass over 37 years in Lake Tahoe (CA-NV)." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 8 (February 26, 2021): 1755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04533-w.
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AbstractNuisance periphyton blooms are occurring in oligotrophic lakes worldwide, but few lakes have documented changes in biomass through periphyton monitoring. For decades periphyton has caused concern about oligotrophic Lake Tahoe’s nearshore water quality. To determine whether eulittoral periphyton increased in Lake Tahoe, measures of biomass and dominant communities at 0.5 m below lake level have been monitored regularly at nine shoreline sites starting in 1982, with up to 54 additional sites monitored annually at peak biomass. Lake-wide, this metric of periphyton biomass has not increased since monitoring began. Biomass decreased at many sites and increased at one. Periphyton biomass peaked in March and was low in the summer lake-wide. The northern and western shores had higher biomass than the eastern and southern shores. Biomass varied with lake level. High biomass occurred at sites regardless of urban development levels. As increasing periphyton at Lake Tahoe was first cited in scientific literature in the 1960s, it is possible that periphyton increased prior to our monitoring program. A dearth of published long-term monitoring data from oligotrophic lakes with reported periphyton blooms makes it difficult to determine the extent of this issue worldwide. Long-term nearshore monitoring is crucial for tracking and understanding periphyton blooms.
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Tariq, Mohd, C. B. Kotnala, A. K. Dobriyal, and Sazia Tabassum. "Population structure and diversity of the periphyton community in the glacier-fed stream Balkhila at Siron from Garhwal Himalaya." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3282.
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The stream Balkhila is a glacier-fed and originates at higher altitudes from the Lal Mati glacier, flows through the famous Mandal valley of Garhwal Himalaya and finally merges with the Alaknanda River in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. The present study aimed to assess the population structure, density and diversity of the periphyton community along with some detrimental ecological parameters in the glacier fed stream Balkhila for a period of two years on a monthly basis from November 2018 to October 2020. The stream Balkhila was represented by 17 periphytic genera belonging to 3 classes, namely, Bacillariophyceae, Chlorohyceae and Cyanophyceae. The class Bacillariophyceae was represented by 10 periphytic genera (Cymbella, Navicula, Fragilaria, Nitzschia, Ampohora, Diatoma, Synedra, Tabellaria, Cocconeis and Meridion), and Chlorophyceae (green algae) was represented by 6 algal genera (Chlorella, Ulothrix, Zygnema, Oedogomium, Spirogyra and Stigeoclonium). The class Myxophyceae was represented by a single genus (Phormidium). The maximum periphytic density (individuals/cm2) was found to be 316.7±7.1 x 103 in January, and the minimum density (12.5±3.5 x 103) was recorded in August. The SIMPLER test indicated 18.58% dissimilarity of periphytic communities between the two years of study. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index values were high (2.358 and 2.388) in December and January and minimum (0.2484 and 0.3534) in July and August during the first and second years of the study, respectively. Multivariate canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested that most of the periphytic genera were closely associated with the winter season (December, January and February). The various ecological parameters of our study indicated that the Balkhila stream is a conducive habitat for periphyton communities.
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Hill, Walter R. "Food Limitation and Interspecific Competition in Snail-Dominated Streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-141.
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Food limitation and exploitative competition were implicated in two experiments on lotic grazers in eastern Tennessee. In a laboratory feeding experiment, grazing snails (Elimia clavaeformis) and caddisfly larvae (Neophylax etnieri) from upper White Oak Creek (WOC) grew 7 and 2 times faster, respectively, on a diet of high-biomass periphyton than they did on a diet of WOC periphyton. When fed on the high-biomass periphyton, both grazers accumulated disproportionately more neutral lipid, and snails increased their mean condition index 50% (ash-free dry mass per unit wet mass). Growth and condition of grazers fed WOC periphyton in the laboratory were quite similar to growth and condition in situ, indicating that laboratory conditions were realistic. Analysis of gut contents demonstrated considerable dietary overlap between the two taxa regardless of periphyton diet and suggested that quantity rather than quality of periphyton limited grazer growth and condition in WOC. In a natural experiment, periphyton and Neophylax from six streams containing Elimia were compared with periphyton and Neophylax from six streams that lacked Elimia. Periphyton biomass, Neophylax diapause mass, and Neophylax lipid content were substantially greater in streams lacking Elimia, implying that the snail created or exacerbated food-limiting conditions for Neophylax.
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Das, D. N., S. K. Saikia, and A. K. Das. "Periphyton in rice–fish culture system: A case study from Arunachal Pradesh, India." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 22, no. 4 (December 2007): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170507001901.
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AbstractThe farmers of the Apatani tribe in Arunachal Pradesh, India have been raising a concurrent crop of fish successfully in their mountain valley rice plots for the past 40 years. They follow indigenous rice agronomy, ignoring the use of fertilizers, pesticides and even supplementary feed for the fish reared in the system. However, the yield levels of fish, ranging from 250 to 500 kg ha−1season−1, clearly support the role of other available resources within their wet rice fields. The investigation revealed that the rice itself provided the substrates for colonization and growth of periphyton. The colonized periphytic contents (1406–13513 no. cm−2 stem−1) on rice stems and other natural fish feeds within the system seem to have direct effect in this regard. The Apatani technique of rice–fish integration may be considered as one of the periphyton-based aquaculture (PBA) systems which deserve further research attention.
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Carlton, Richard G., and Robert G. Wetzel. "Distributions and fates of oxygen in periphyton communities." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-143.
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Direct measurements with oxygen microelectrodes demonstrated that the distribution of dissolved oxygen in periphyton communities varied on a diurnal basis and was markedly different among periphyton types. During illumination, photosynthesis in periphyton resulted in oxygen supersaturation in microzones that were subsaturated or anoxic during darkness. The fate of oxygen produced within periphyton depended on the relative rates of production and consumption, the diffusion characteristics of the periphyton, physical and chemical interactions with the substratum, and the transport rate across the boundary layer, which was affected significantly by water currents. During constant environmental conditions, steady-state oxygen distributions occurred within periphyton, but equilibrium with the surrounding water was rare.
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Cattaneo, Antonella. "Size Distribution in Periphyton." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 2025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-250.
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When periphytic organisms growing on artificial plants were grouped in logarithmically increasing size classes, patterns in the distribution of biomass were consistent over the season and under different grazing regimes, despite taxonornical changes in the dominant taxa of algae and invertebrates. The amount in each size class was not constant, and instead, certain classes tended to have values consistently lower or higher than the mean. The locations of these peaks and troughs in the size distributions coincided with those observed in lake plankton. Despite these irregularities, the hypothesis that the biomass in logarithmic size classes is constant apparently applies at a crude level, for the biomass of most size classes lay within an order of magnitude of the mean. This rule of thumb also applies to the littoral fish community, for the minnow biomass was approximately that in a periphyton size class.
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Zhao, Yanhui, Xiaofei Chen, Xiong Xiong, and Chenxi Wu. "Capture and Release of Phosphorus by Periphyton in Closed Water Systems Influenced by Illumination and Temperature." Water 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051021.
Full textAbstract:
Periphyton is known to play an important role in the self-purification of aquatic ecosystems. However, little attention has been paid to the understanding of P distribution and its partitioning influenced by the physical parameters when periphyton is separated from the sediment. In this work, the effect of periphyton on the capture and release of phosphorus in closed water systems was studied and the influence of illumination and temperature conditions were investigated. Results showed that phosphorus was transferred from water to periphyton during the experiment at 15 °C, but periphyton turned from a sink to a source of phosphorus in a few days at 25 and 35 °C. Phosphorus capture in periphyton was more enhanced when illuminated at 70 than 20 μmol photons m−2 s−1 at 25 and 35 °C, but not at 15 °C. At the end of the experiment, cyanobacteria became more abundant at 25 and 35 °C and phosphorus fractionation showed that labile-P was predominant in periphyton. The release of the captured phosphorus could be related to the disaggregation of periphyton following the depletion of nutrients. Therefore, periphyton act as a temporary storage of phosphorus following nutrient input in closed water systems and the capture and release of phosphorus is strongly influenced by the environmental conditions.
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Zanon, JE, NR Simões, and L. Rodrigues. "Effects of recurrent disturbances on the periphyton community downstream of a dammed watercourse." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 2 (May 2013): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000200005.
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We evaluate experimentally the effect of a sequential disturbance—desiccation—on the structure and dynamics of a periphytic algal community in a semilotic environment of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of recurrent disturbances have a direct negative effect on the attributes of the periphyton community. The sequential effect of desiccation on the periphytic community promoted its significant decrease in density, while the same was not observed in species richness. When desiccation was induced in a mature community, there was no difference in the community compared to control. The sequential disturbances on the community of periphytic algae in a mature stage, was characterised by greater stability. It is believed that the effects of variation in water levels caused by upstream reservoirs can likewise also modify the structure and stability of periphytic algae in the Upper Paraná River floodplain.
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França, Raquel C. S., Maria Rosélia Marques Lopes, and Carla Ferragut. "Structural and successional variability of periphytic algal community in a Amazonian lake during the dry and rainy season (Rio Branco, Acre)." Acta Amazonica 41, no. 2 (2011): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672011000200010.
Full textAbstract:
The colonization process and successional patterns of a periphytic algal community were evaluated in a Amazonian Viveiro Lake (Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil). Sampling was performed over a period of 35 days; at four-day intervals for 20 days, and then at five-day intervals. Water sampling for physical, chemical and biological analyses was done during the dry and rainy season. Glass slides were used as artificial substrates for periphyton colonization. The structural community was evaluated through population density, algae class, diversity indices and descriptive species. Species richness, diversity and evenness increased as succession progressed. While density of Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Zygnemaphyceae increased with succession, Cyanobacteria remained dominant. Synechocystis aquatilis, Synechocystis diplococcus and Navicula pseudolanceolata were the main descriptive species in both the dry and rainy season. Cymbela tumida, Frustulia rhomboides, Trachelomonas lacustris and Closterium acicularis was correlated with an increase in hydrologic level during the rainy season. Conversely, the density of Chlamydomonas sp., Chroomonas nordstedtii, Trachelomonas volvocinopsis, Trachelomonas volvocina and Synechococcus linearis was correlated with an increase in water transparency during the dry season. In general, the periphytic algal community showed high diversity and species richness independent of season. Season also had little influence on representation of algae class and main descriptive species. However, successional patterns varied by season, and changes in hydrologic levels acted directly on the succession path of periphytic algae. More research on periphyton dynamics is needed to improve our understanding of tropical lake ecosystems, especially in Amazonian.
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Zhong, Wei, Weiqun Zhao, and Jianhui Song. "Responses of Periphyton Microbial Growth, Activity, and Pollutant Removal Efficiency to Cu Exposure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030941.
Full textAbstract:
Periphyton is an effective matrix for the removal of pollutants in wastewater and has been considered a promising method of bioremediation. However, it still needs to be verified whether periphyton can maintain microbial activity and pollutant removal efficiency when dealing with the influence with complex components, and the underlying mechanisms of periphyton need to be revealed further. Herein, this study investigated the microbial growth, activity and functional responses of periphyton after removal of Cu from wastewater. Results showed that the cultivated periphyton was dominated by filamentous algae, and high Cu removal efficiencies by periphyton were obtained after 108 h treatments. Although 2 mg/L Cu2+ changed the microalgal growth (decreasing the contents of total chlorophyll-a (Chla), the carbon source utilization and microbial metabolic activity in periphyton were not significantly affected and even increased by 2 mg/L Cu2+. Moreover, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates were sustained after 0.5 and 2 mg/L Cu2+ treatments. Our work showed that periphyton had strong tolerance and resistance on Cu stress and is environmentally friendly in dealing with wastewater containing heavy metals, as the microbial functions in pollutant removal could be maintained.
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Murakami, EA, DC Bicudo, and L. Rodrigues. "Periphytic algae of the Garças Lake, Upper Paraná River floodplain: comparing the years 1994 and 2004." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 2 suppl (June 2009): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000300002.
Full textAbstract:
The changes imposed by dams on hydrological regime, water transparence and nutrient concentrations downstream affect biodiversity in relation to species richness and specific composition of the community. The aim of this work was evaluate this effect on periphyton, comparing richness and composition of periphytic algae in the Garças Lake, Upper Paraná River floodplain, between the years 1994, before construction of the Porto Primavera Reservoir, and after its operation in 2004. This floodplain lake showed an increase in species, from 113 in 1994 to 159 in 2004. A few species, however, were common during the last year, dominated by Zygnemaphyceae and some Bacillariophyceae species. The increase in algal diversity in 2004 may be the result of the ability of the system to adapt to environmental changes. However, the large change in the periphyton species composition suggests further impacts on the food web, demanding continuity of long-term studies in order to determine their consequences on the biodiversity as a whole.
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Cattaneo, Antonella, and Guy Roberge. "Efficiency of a Brush Sampler to Measure Periphyton in Streams and Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-222.
Full textAbstract:
Natural periphytic communities are usually sampled by scraping all the algae from a small area. Such a protocol seems more likely to sample loosely attached forms than those which grow tightly attached to the substratum, but this bias has never been quantified. To this end, chlorophyll estimates were obtained by sampling periphyton on cobbles with a brushing syringe sampler in a series of streams and lakes in southern Québec and compared with estimates obtained by immersing the cobble in extractant solvent. In streams, the syringe sampler underestimated chlorophyll concentration, and the severity of this underestimation increased with the current speed. In lakes, the situation was reversed: the brushing syringe gave higher values than those obtained by immersion. These results likely reflect the relative proportions of loosely and tightly attached subcommunities within the periphyton. The latter fraction, which cannot be quantitatively removed by brushing, appears especially important in fast-flowing streams. Ineffective sampling of this fraction may invalidate comparisons obtained with different methods.
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NIKORA, V. I., D. G. GORING, and B. J. F. BIGGS. "Some observations of the effects of micro-organisms growing on the bed of an open channel on the turbulence properties." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 450 (January 9, 2002): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001006486.
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In this paper we report the results of an experimental study of periphyton–flow interactions conducted in a specially designed outdoor hydraulic flume. ‘Periphyton’ is a collective term for the micro-organisms which grow on stream beds, and includes algae, bacteria, and fungi, with algae usually the dominant and most conspicuous component. The main goals of the study are to identify potential effects of periphyton–flow interactions as well as the potential mechanisms of mass transfer in the near-bed region, which could influence periphyton growth and losses. The main results of the study may be summarized as follows.A linear velocity distribution in the interfacial sublayer (i.e. below the roughness tops), and a logarithmic distribution above the roughness tops appeared to be reasonable approximations for both flow types, with and without periphyton on the bed. However, the appearance of periphyton on a rough bed shifts the origin of the bed upwards, increases the roughness length zo by 16–21%, and reduces the ratio of the mean velocity at the level of roughness tops to the shear velocity by ≈30%. In general, below the roughness tops the periphyton suppresses the mean velocities, the turbulent stresses, turbulence intensities, and vertical turbulent fluxes of the turbulent energy and turbulent shear stresses.It was found that in flows without periphyton large-scale eddies successfully penetrate the interfacial sublayer. However, tufts of periphyton on the tops of the roughness elements significantly weaken the penetration processes leading to spatial de-correlation in the velocity field within the interfacial sublayer. The appearance of periphyton on the bed does not change appreciably the velocity spectra above the roughness tops but reduces the total spectral energy and generates a wide spectral peak in the interfacial sublayer. Most probably, this peak is formed by penetration of sweep events into the interfacial sublayer, ‘filtered’ by the periphyton tufts. Thus, sweep events may be the main mechanism responsible for the delivery of nutrients from the outer region to the biologically active interfacial sublayer. The potential effects of flow properties on the periphyton community are also discussed.
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McBride, TP, and BN Noller. "Sampling techniques for reliable determination of trace metals in macrophytes and periphyton." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 7 (1995): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9951047.
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Sampling techniques were developed to measure trace-metal concentrations reliably in the shoots of a submerged macrophyte, Najas tenuifolia, and its attached periphyton growing in the Magela Creek flood plain in monsoonal northern Australia. At each site, 30 samples were collected within an 8-m by 8-m quadrat in a pattern of five samples from each of six irregularly spaced points. Samples were collected underwater to include all periphyton present, and precautions were taken at all stages of processing to avoid contamination. Periphyton was dislodged for separate chemical analysis by sonication followed by vigorous shaking. A significant aspect was the large amount of periphyton, up to 35% of the total sample dry weight, associated with the Najas sp. Only a proportion, up to 43%, of this periphyton could be dislodged by the physical procedures used. Trace metals were generally not present in the same concentrations in both the Najas sp. and the periphyton. The average trace-metal concentrations (μg g-1 dry weight) and standard errors measured in the Najas sp. (and periphyton) were cadmium 0.24 � 0.013 (0.093 � 0.012), copper 5.2� 0.25 (12 � 0.74), lead 0.93 � 0.084 (6.5 � 0.43), manganese 2500 � 110 (1500 � 110), uranium 0.24 � 0.023 (0.27 � 0.030), and zinc 38 � 1.0 (23 � 1.5). The significant differences in Najas sp. and periphyton trace-metal concentrations show the need to consider the effect of periphyton when sampling and reporting trace-metal concentrations in submerged macrophytes.
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Woller-Skar, M. Megan, Alexandra Locher, Ellen Audia, and Evan W. Thomas. "Changing Water Levels in Lake Superior, MI (USA) Impact Periphytic Diatom Assemblages in the Keweenaw Peninsula." Water 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030253.
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Predicted climate-induced changes in the Great Lakes include increased variability in water levels, which may shift periphyton habitat. Our goal was to determine the impacts of water level changes in Lake Superior on the periphyton community assemblages in the Keweenaw Peninsula with different surface geology. At three sites, we identified periphyton assemblages as a function of depth, determined surface area of periphyton habitat using high resolution bathymetry, and estimated the impact of water level changes in Lake Superior on periphyton habitat. Our results suggest that substrate geology influences periphyton community assemblages in the Keweenaw Peninsula. Using predicted changes in water levels, we found that a decrease in levels of 0.63 m resulted in a loss of available surface area for periphyton habitat by 600 to 3000 m2 per 100 m of shoreline with slopes ranging 2 to 9°. If water levels rise, the surface area of substrate will increase by 150 to 370 m2 per 100 m of shoreline, as the slopes above the lake levels are steeper (8–20°). Since periphyton communities vary per site, changes in the surface area of the substrate will likely result in a shift in species composition, which could alter the structure of aquatic food webs and ecological processes.
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Chauhan, Anita, and Ramesh C. Sharma. "Ecological study of periphyton diversity in crenic habitat of Sahashradhara (Garhwal Himalayas, India)." International Journal of Environment 5, no. 1 (February 22, 2016): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v5i1.14566.
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A maiden attempt has been made to present a biodiversity of periphyton of the Sahashradhara springs, a group of one thousand springs and one of the most important clusters of limnocrenes and rheocrenes springs located in Doon Valley of Garhwal-Himalayas. The environmental monitoring of periphyton community of Sahashradhara springs was carried out for one complete annual cycle (October 2011-September 2012). Annual percentage composition of periphyton revealed that major contribution was represented by Bacillariophyceae (68-70%) followed by Chlorophyceae (26-28%) and Myxophyceae (3-5%). A total of 29 species of periphyton were recorded from different springs of Sahashradhara. A significant correlation between diversity of periphyton and environmental parameters- temperature, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, alkalinity, FPOM and CPOM was observed. Regression analysis was performed between density of periphyton and physico-chemical variables, which revealed that temperature, conductivity, alkalinity, CO2, TDS, CPOM and FPOM were found to have strong influence on the density and diversity of periphyton of Sahashradhara springs.International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016, pp: 79-95