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Journal articles on the topic 'Peripheral Refraction'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Bezdetko, P., and R. Parkhomets. "STUDY OF PERIPHERAL REFRACTION IN CHILDREN WITH MYOPIA WITH ORTHOKERATOLOGY LENSES OF COMBINED DESIGN." East European Scientific Journal 2, no. 4(68) (May 14, 2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.2.68.19.

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Progressive myopia is a leading problem in modern optometry and ophthalmology in general. In recent years, refractive therapy with orthokeratology lenses has gained popularity among methods to control myopia progression. The aim: To study peripheral refraction in children with myopia with the use of orthokeratology lenses (OKL) of combined design. Methods. We followed up 60 children (117 eyes) diagnosed with uncomplicated mild to moderate myopia. All children underwent a complete ophthalmological examination as well as corneal keratotopography and peripheral refraction determination. Statistical analysis of correlations between peripheral corneal refraction under the influence of OKL, peripheral defocus, and axial length growth gradient was performed. Results. An inverse correlation relationship of -0.2 (p=0.03) was obtained between corneal differential power in the return 6 mm zone and peripheral refraction in its corresponding peripheral refraction of 23° on the temporal side. A positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.21 (p=0.026) was obtained between the defocus in the temporal part and the gradient of myopia progression over one year, while the same result was obtained in the nasal part with a correlation coefficient of 0.2 (p=0.036). Concluсions. Difference corneal power at the periphery may be prognostic in relation to the course of myopia in OКL users. With an aboveaverage pupil diameter, combined design orthokeratology lenses are more effective in controlling myopia due to the greater influence of the formed corneal refractive ring on peripheral refraction.

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2

Marcellán, Maria Concepción, Francisco J. Ávila, Jorge Ares, and Laura Remón. "Peripheral Refraction of Two Myopia Control Contact Lens Models in a Young Myopic Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021258.

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Peripheral refraction can lead to the development of myopia. The aim of this study was to compare relative peripheral refraction (RPR) in the same cohort of uncorrected (WCL) and corrected eyes with two different soft contact lenses (CL) designed for myopia control, and to analyze RPR depending on the patient’s refraction. A total of 228 myopic eyes (114 healthy adult subjects) (−0.25 D to −10.00 D) were included. Open-field autorefraction was used to measure on- and off- axis refractions when uncorrected and corrected with the two CLs (dual focus (DF) and extended depth of focus (EDOF)). The RPR was measured every 10° out to 30° in a temporal-nasal orientation and analyzed as a component of the power vector (M). The average RPR for all subjects was hyperopic when WCL and when corrected with EDOF CL design, but changed to a myopic RPR when corrected with DF design. Significant differences were found between RPR curves with both CLs in all the eccentricities (Bonferroni correction p < 0.008, except 10°N). An incremental relationship between relative peripheral refraction at 30 degrees and myopia level was found. It is concluded that the two CLs work differently at the periphery in order to achieve myopia control.

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3

Fritschi, Alina, Chloe Gerber, Damian Eggler, and Martin Loertscher. "Simultaneous Myopic Defocus for Myopia Control: Effect on Accommodation, Peripheral Refraction and Retinal Image Quality in Non-Presbyopic Patients." Optics 2, no. 4 (September 30, 2021): 200–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt2040019.

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Exposing the retina to a simultaneous myopic defocus is an optical method that has shown a promising effect in slowing the progression of myopia. Optical treatments applying a simultaneous defocus are available in the form of soft contact lenses or multifocal lenses originally designed to correct presbyopia. Orthokeratology is another optical method that slows down the progression of myopia. With orthokeratology, it is hypothesized that a change in peripheral refraction could slow the progression of myopia. We aimed to measure the accommodation response between monofocal and multifocal contact lenses in young subjects. Additionally, we performed a ray-tracing simulation to visualize the quality of the retinal image and the refractive status in the retinal periphery. The accommodation and pupil size measurements were performed on 29 participants aged 24.03 ± 2.73 years with a refractive error (spherical equivalent) of −1.78 ± 1.06 D. With the multifocal lens in situ, our participants showed less accommodation in comparison to the monofocal contact lens (mean difference, 0.576 ± 0.36 D, p > 0.001) when focusing on a near target at 40 cm. Pupil size became smaller in both contact lens groups during an accommodation of 0.29 ± 0.69 mm, p ≤ 0.001 and 0.39 ± 0.46 mm, p ≤ 0.001 for monofocal and multifocal contact lenses, respectively. The ray-tracing model showed a degradation for central and peripheral vision with the multifocal contact lens. The peripheral refraction was relatively myopic in both contact lens conditions up to 30°. Even if the accommodation ability is without fault, parts of simultaneous myopic defocus are used for the near task. The peripheral refraction in the ray-tracing model was not different between the two contact lenses. This is contrary to the proposed hypothesis that myopic peripheral refraction slows down the progression of myopia in current optical methods.

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4

Tarutta, E. P., E. N. Iomdina, N. G. Kvaratskheliya, S. V. Milash, and G. V. Kruzhkova. "Peripheral refraction: cause or effect of refraction development?" Vestnik oftal'mologii 133, no. 1 (2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2017133170-74.

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5

Sng, Chelvin C. A., Xiao-Yu Lin, Gus Gazzard, Benjamin Chang, Mohamed Dirani, Audrey Chia, Prabakaran Selvaraj, et al. "Peripheral Refraction and Refractive Error in Singapore Chinese Children." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 52, no. 2 (February 28, 2011): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-5601.

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6

Sun, Han-Yin, Wei-Yang Lu, Jhen-Yu You, and Hui-Ying Kuo. "Peripheral Refraction in Myopic Children with and without Atropine Usage." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (May 12, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4919154.

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Purpose. To compare the patterns of relative peripheral refractions of myopic children who were currently on atropine treatment for myopia control and myopic children who did not use atropine. Methods. Chinese children (n = 209) aged 7 to 12 years participated in the study, 106 used atropine and 103 did not. Participants were also classified into three groups: emmetropes (SE: +0.50 to −0.50 D), low myopes (SE: −0.50 to −3.00 D), and moderate myopes (SE: −3.00 to −6.00 D). The central and peripheral refractions along the horizontal meridians (for both nasal and temporal fields) were measured in 10-degree steps to 30 degrees. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent and astigmatism of the three refractive groups in either the nasal or temporal retina. The atropine group showed a significant relative myopia in the temporal 30° field in spherical equivalent compared to the emmetropic group (t49 = 3.36, P=0.02). In eyes with low myopia, the atropine group had significant relative myopia in the nasal 30° and temporal 30° fields (t118 = 2.59, P=0.01; t118 = 2.06, P=0.04), and it is also observed at 20° and 30° of the nasal field for the moderate myopic group (t36 = 2.37, P=0.02; t2.84 = 2.84, P=0.01). Conclusion. Significant differences in relative peripheral refraction were found between the atropine group and its controls. The findings suggested that the eyes that received atropine may have a less prolate shape and thus explain why using atropine is effective in controlling myopia progression.

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7

Kuo, Hui-Ying, John Ching-Jen Hsiao, Jing-Jie Chen, Chi-Hung Lee, Chun-Chao Chuang, and Han-Yin Sun. "The Correlations between Horizontal and Vertical Peripheral Refractions and Human Eye Shape Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Highly Myopic Eyes." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080966.

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between relative peripheral refraction and retinal shape by 2-D magnetic resonance imaging in high myopes. Thirty-five young adults aged 20 to 30 years participated in this study with 16 high myopes (spherical equivalent < −6.00 D) and 19 emmetropes (+0.50 to −0.50 D). An open field autorefractor was used to measure refractions from the center out to 60° in the horizontal meridian and out to around 20° in the vertical meridian, with a step of 3 degrees. Axial length was measured by using A-scan ultrasonography. In addition, images of axial, sagittal, and tangential sections were obtained using 2-D magnetic resonance imaging. The highly myopic group had a significantly relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular shape compared to the emmetropic group. The highly myopic group had relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular form. Significant differences in the ratios of height/axial (1.01 ± 0.02 vs. 0.94 ± 0.03) and width/axial (0.99 ± 0.17 vs. 0.93 ± 0.04) were found from the MRI images between the emmetropic and the highly myopic eyes (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the retina’s curvature and relative peripheral refraction for both temporal (Pearson r = −0.459; p < 0.01) and nasal (Pearson r = −0.277; p = 0.011) retina. For the highly myopic eyes, the amount of peripheral hyperopic defocus is correlated to its ocular shape deformation. This could be the first study investigating the relationship between peripheral refraction and ocular dimension in high myopes, and it is hoped to provide useful knowledge of how the development of myopia changes human eye shape.

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8

Allinjawi, Kareem, Sharanjeet-Kaur Sharanjeet-Kaur, Saadah Mohamed Akhir, and Haliza Abdul Mutalib. "Peripheral refraction with different designs of progressive soft contact lenses in myopes." F1000Research 5 (November 22, 2016): 2742. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9971.1.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in relative peripheral refractive error produced by two different designs of progressive soft contact lenses in myopic schoolchildren. Methods: Twenty-seven myopic schoolchildren age between 13 to 15 years were included in this study. The measurements of central and peripheral refraction were made using a Grand-Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractometer without correction (baseline), and two different designs of progressive contact lenses (PCLs) (Multistage from SEED & Proclear from Cooper Vision) with an addition power of +1.50 D. Refractive power was measured at center and at eccentricities between 35º temporal to 35º nasal visual field (in 5º steps). Results: Both PCLs showed a reduction in hyperopic defocus at periphery. However, this reduction was only significant for the Multistage PCL (p= 0.015), (Proclear PCL p= 0.830). Conclusion: Multistage PCLs showed greater reduction in peripheral retinal hyperopic defocus among myopic schoolchildren in comparison to Proclear PCLs.

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9

Kang, Pauline, Paul Gifford, Philomena McNamara, Jenny Wu, Stephanie Yeo, Bonney Vong, and Helen Swarbrick. "Peripheral Refraction in Different Ethnicities." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 51, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 6059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4747.

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10

CHARMAN, W. NEIL, JOHN MOUNTFORD, DAVID A. ATCHISON, and EMMA L. MARKWELL. "Peripheral Refraction in Orthokeratology Patients." Optometry and Vision Science 83, no. 9 (September 2006): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.opx.0000232840.66716.af.

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11

Phu, Jack, Henrietta Wang, Sephora Miao, Lydia Zhou, Sieu K. Khuu, and Michael Kalloniatis. "Neutralizing Peripheral Refraction Eliminates Refractive Scotomata in Tilted Disc Syndrome." Optometry and Vision Science 95, no. 10 (October 2018): 959–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001286.

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12

Neil Charman, W., and Hema Radhakrishnan. "Peripheral refraction and the development of refractive error: a review." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 30, no. 4 (June 21, 2010): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00746.x.

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13

Tabernero, Juan, Arne Ohlendorf, M. Dominik Fischer, Anna R. Bruckmann, Ulrich Schiefer, and Frank Schaeffel. "Peripheral Refraction Profiles in Subjects with Low Foveal Refractive Errors." Optometry and Vision Science 88, no. 3 (March 2011): E388—E394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e31820bb0f5.

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14

Khorrami-Nejad, Masoud, Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban, and Bahram Khosravi. "Effect of axial length and anterior chamber depth on the peripheral refraction profile." International Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.02.17.

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AIM: To evaluate the effect of axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) on peripheral refractive profile in myopic patients compared to emmetropic participants. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in right eyes of 58 participants of whom 38 were emmetropic and 20 were myopic. Central and peripheral refraction were measured at 10°, 20°, and 30° eccentricities in nasal and temporal fields using an open-field autorefractor. The Lenstar LS900 was used to measure ACD and AL. The participants were divided into three groups of short (<22.5 mm), normal (22.5-24.5 mm), and long eye (>24.5 mm) according to AL and three groups of low ACD (<3.00 mm), normal ACD (3.00-3.60 mm), and high ACD (>3.60 mm) according to ACD. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 22.26±3.09y (range 18-30y). The peripheral mean spherical refractive error showed a hypermetropic shift in myopic and emmetropic groups although this shift was more pronounced in the myopic group. The results showed significant changes in the spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 astigmatism in all gazes with an increase in eccentricity (P<0.001). The pattern of refractive error changes was more noticeable in long and short eyes versus normal AL eyes. Moreover, the pattern of peripheral refractive changes was much more prominent in the high ACD group versus the normal ACD group and in the normal ACD group versus the low ACD group. CONCLUSION: Peripheral refraction changes are greater in participants with AL values outside the normal range and deeper ACD values compared to participants with normal AL and ACD.

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15

Lewis, Peter, Karthikeyan Baskaran, Robert Rosén, Linda Lundström, Peter Unsbo, and Jörgen Gustafsson. "Objectively Determined Refraction Improves Peripheral Vision." Optometry and Vision Science 91, no. 7 (July 2014): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000301.

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16

Fedtke, Cathleen, Klaus Ehrmann, and Brien A. Holden. "A Review of Peripheral Refraction Techniques." Optometry and Vision Science 86, no. 5 (May 2009): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e31819fa727.

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17

Romashchenko, Dmitry, Robert Rosén, and Linda Lundström. "Peripheral refraction and higher order aberrations." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 103, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12943.

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18

Atchison, David A., Nicola Pritchard, Shane D. White, and Amanda M. Griffiths. "Influence of age on peripheral refraction." Vision Research 45, no. 6 (March 2005): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2004.09.028.

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19

Verkicharla, Pavan K., Marwan Suheimat, Katrina L. Schmid, and David A. Atchison. "Peripheral Refraction, Peripheral Eye Length, and Retinal Shape in Myopia." Optometry and Vision Science 93, no. 9 (September 2016): 1072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000905.

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20

Rotolo, Maurilia, Giancarlo Montani, and Raul Martin. "Myopia onset and role of peripheral refraction." Clinical Optometry Volume 9 (June 2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/opto.s134985.

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21

Hung, Li-Fang, Ramkumar Ramamirtham, Juan Huang, Ying Qiao-Grider, and Earl L. Smith. "Peripheral Refraction in Normal Infant Rhesus Monkeys." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 49, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-1493.

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22

Charman, W. N., and J. A. M. Jennings. "Longitudinal changes in peripheral refraction with age." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 26, no. 5 (September 2006): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00384.x.

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23

Allinjawi, Kareem, Sharanjeet-Kaur Sharanjeet-Kaur, Saadah Mohamed Akhir, and Haliza Abdul Mutalib. "The impact of wearing single vision soft contact lenses on the peripheral refractive error." F1000Research 5 (November 30, 2016): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10080.1.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the relative peripheral refractive error produced by soft single vision contact lenses in myopic schoolchildren. Methods: 27 myopic schoolchildren aged between 13 to 15 years were included in this study. The measurements of central and peripheral refraction were made only on the right eye using a Grand-Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractometer without contact lens (WL), and with wearing single vision contact lens (SVCL). Refractive power was measured at center and horizontal eccentricity between 35° temporal to 35° nasal visual field (in 5° steps). Results: SVCL showed an increase in peripheral hyperopic defocus at the nasal and temporal visual field compare with baseline, but this change was not statistically significant (p=0.129). Conclusion: Wearing single vision soft contact lenses increases the relative peripheral hyperopic defocus in myopic schoolchildren.

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24

Mikhaylova, E. V., E. V. Tur, and T. S. Abaeva. "Features of diagnostics and treatment of pvcrd in children." Reflection 11, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2686-6986-2021-1-42-47.

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Purpose. To identify the clinical course of the «risk-forms» of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy (PVCRD) depending on sex, age, type and degree of refraction in children, as well as to establish the characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of PVCRD in childhood. Methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of pediatric patients who underwent peripheral prophylactic laser retinal coagulation (PPLRC) regarding the «risk-forms» of PVHRD at the ophthalmology department of MAUZ Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 1 from 2017 to 2019 was performed. 241 childr (293 eyes) aged 7 to 17 years (mean age 14.1 ± 2.4 years) were operated. Results. PVCRD in children is asymptomatic and it is detected at the age of 7 to 17 years, regardless of gender, the peak of occurrence is 10–14 years. The most common type of PVCRD is «lattice» dystrophy. PVCRD is predominant in low degree myopia. Quite a lot of cases of PVCRD detected in emmetropic refraction, as well as in hyperopic refraction and combined astigmatism. Conclusions. A thorough examination of the periphery of the fundus is necessary in all children, regardless of age and refraction. The parameters of laser coagulation in children differ from those in adults. Given the characteristics of childhood, the success of the operation depends on the correct preoperative preparation, including psychological preparation, contact of the surgeon with the child during the operation. Key words: peripheral dystrophy; ophthalmoscopy; mydriasis; laser coagulation; children. vitreochorioretinal

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25

Qi, Lin-Song, Xue-Feng Wang, Jin Zhao, Yong Liu, Teng-Yun Wu, Qing-Hong Yang, Chen Zhao, and Zhi-Kang Zou. "Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students." International Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 1108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2022.07.10.

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AIM: To characterize peripheral refraction and its relationship with myopia development in a selected group of male teenage Chinese students. METHODS: This 2-year prospective cohort study randomly enrolled 85 non-myopic boys (age, 14-16y) from the Experimental Class of Air Force in China. Cycloplegic peripheral refraction was examined at 0°, ±10°, and ±20° along the horizontal visual field in the right eye at the baseline and 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: The incidence of myopia at the 2-year follow-up was 15.29% (13/85). The baseline central refraction (CR) and peripheral refraction at ±10° were significantly lower in students who developed myopia than in those who did not (P<0.05). Relative peripheral refraction (RPR) did not differ between students with and without myopia (P>0.05). At the 2-year follow-up, the RPR at ±10° and 20° nasal was significantly more hyperopic in the myopic group than in the non-myopic group. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the change in CR was significantly correlated with the changes in RPR at 20° nasal, 10° nasal, and 20° temporal. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the baseline CR [odds ratio (OR): 0.092, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.012-0.688, P=0.020] and the baseline RPR at 10° nasal (OR: 0.182, 95%CI: 0.042-0.799, P=0.024) were significantly correlated with incident myopia (Omnibus test, χ2=10.20, P=0.006). CONCLUSION: CR change is significantly correlated with changes in RPR, and students who develop myopia have more relative peripheral hyperopia. More baseline CR and relative peripheral hyperopia at 10° nasal are protective of myopia onset.

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26

Tabernero, Juan, Daniel Vazquez, Anne Seidemann, Dietmar Uttenweiler, and Frank Schaeffel. "Effects of myopic spectacle correction and radial refractive gradient spectacles on peripheral refraction." Vision Research 49, no. 17 (August 2009): 2176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.06.008.

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27

Lin, Zhenghua, Yiqiu Lu, Pablo Artal, Zhikuan Yang, and Weizhong Lan. "Two-Dimensional Peripheral Refraction and Image Quality for Four Types of Refractive Surgeries." Journal of Refractive Surgery 39, no. 1 (January 2023): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081597x-20221115-01.

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28

Blinkova, E. S., V. P. Fokin, L. N. Boriskina, and V. A. Sivolobov. "ANALYSIS OF THE PERIPHERAL REFRACTION IN MYOPIC FEMTOLASIK." Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 62, no. 2 (2017): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2017-2(62)-81-83.

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29

Fedtke, Cathleen, Klaus Ehrmann, Varghese Thomas, and Ravi C. Bakaraju. "Peripheral Refraction and Aberration Profiles with Multifocal Lenses." Optometry and Vision Science 94, no. 9 (September 2017): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001112.

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30

Berntsen, David A., Donald O. Mutti, and Karla Zadnik. "Validation of aberrometry-based relative peripheral refraction measurements." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 28, no. 1 (January 14, 2008): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2007.00535.x.

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31

Matsushita, Kyoko, Satoshi Hasebe, and Hiroshi Ohtsuki. "Relative peripheral refraction in patients with horizontal strabismus." Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 54, no. 5 (September 2010): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10384-010-0856-3.

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32

Shen, Jie, Christopher A. Clark, P. Sarita Soni, and Larry N. Thibos. "Peripheral Refraction With and Without Contact Lens Correction." Optometry and Vision Science 87, no. 9 (September 2010): 642–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181ea16ea.

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33

Queirós, António, César Villa-Collar, Jorge Jorge, Ángel Ramón Gutiérrez, and José Manuel González-Méijome. "Peripheral Refraction in Myopic Eyes After LASIK Surgery." Optometry and Vision Science 89, no. 7 (July 2012): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e31825ddf54.

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34

Mathur, Ankit, and David A. Atchison. "Peripheral Refraction Patterns Out to Large Field Angles." Optometry and Vision Science 90, no. 2 (February 2013): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e31827f1583.

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35

Milash, S. V., M. V. Epishina, and R. R. Toloraya. "Modern optical methods of peripheral defocus correction." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 12, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2019-12-4-92-98.

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Experimental animal studies proved that by manipulating with the defocus one can slow down or speed up the eye growth. The leading mechanism among modern optical strategies of myopia progression treatment is to induce myopic defocus to retinal periphery or decrease the hyperopic defocus. This review sums up the data on peripheral refraction in orthokeratological, multifocal contact, and multifocal spectacle correction. The effectiveness of these methods in myopia control in children and teenagers is shown.

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Queirós, António, Jorge Jorge, and José Manuel González-Méijome. "Influence of Fogging Lenses and Cycloplegia on Peripheral Refraction." Journal of Optometry 2, no. 2 (2009): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3921/joptom.2009.83.

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37

Kang, Pauline, Paul Gifford, and Helen Swarbrick. "Can Manipulation of Orthokeratology Lens Parameters Modify Peripheral Refraction?" Optometry and Vision Science 90, no. 11 (November 2013): 1237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000064.

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38

Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Marwan Suheimat, James S. Wolffsohn, and David A. Atchison. "Peripheral Refraction Validity of the Shin-Nippon SRW5000 Autorefractor." Optometry and Vision Science 93, no. 10 (October 2016): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000954.

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39

Gifford, Kate L., Paul Gifford, Peter L. Hendicott, and Katrina L. Schmid. "Stability of peripheral refraction changes in orthokeratology for myopia." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 43, no. 1 (February 2020): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2019.11.008.

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40

Kim, Jeong-Mee, and Koon-Ja Lee. "Comparison of Central and Peripheral Refraction in Myopic Eyes after Corneal Refractive Surgery and Emmetropes." Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2015.20.2.157.

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41

Breher, Katharina, Alejandro Calabuig, Laura Kühlewein, Focke Ziemssen, Arne Ohlendorf, and Siegfried Wahl. "Comparison of Methods for Estimating Retinal Shape: Peripheral Refraction vs. Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020174.

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Abstract:

Retinal shape presents a clinical parameter of interest for myopia, and has commonly been inferred indirectly from peripheral refraction (PRX) profiles. Distortion-corrected optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans offer a new and direct possibility for retinal shape estimation. The current study compared retinal curvatures derived from OCT scans vs. PRX measurements in three refractive profiles (0° and 90° meridians, plus spherical equivalent) for 25 participants via Bland–Altman analysis. The radial differences between both procedures were correlated to axial length using Pearson correlation. In general, PRX- and OCT-based retinal radii showed low correlation (all intraclass correlation coefficients < 0.21). PRX found flatter retinal curvatures compared to OCT, with the highest absolute agreement found with the 90° meridian (mean difference +0.08 mm) and lowest in the 0° meridian (mean difference +0.89 mm). Moreover, a negative relation between axial length and the agreement of both methods was detected especially in the 90° meridian (R = −0.38, p = 0.06). PRX measurements tend to underestimate the retinal radius with increasing myopia when compared to OCT measurements. Therefore, future conclusions from PRX on retinal shape should be made cautiously. Rather, faster and more clinically feasible OCT imaging should be performed for this purpose.

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Yelagondula, Vijay Kumar, Divya Sree Ramya Achanta, Swathi Panigrahi, Sahithi Kusuma Panthadi, and Pavan Kumar Verkicharla. "Asymmetric Peripheral Refraction Profile in Myopes along the Horizontal Meridian." Optometry and Vision Science 99, no. 4 (February 25, 2022): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001890.

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Furuse, Takashi, Satoshi Hasebe, and Tomoki Tokutake. "Peripheral refraction in Japanese schoolchildren with low to moderate myopia." Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 66, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10384-021-00880-2.

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Kang, Pauline, and Helen Swarbrick. "The Influence of Different OK Lens Designs on Peripheral Refraction." Optometry and Vision Science 93, no. 9 (September 2016): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000889.

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Atchison, David A., and Robert Rosén. "The Possible Role of Peripheral Refraction in Development of Myopia." Optometry and Vision Science 93, no. 9 (September 2016): 1042–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000979.

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Morrison, Ann M., and Donald O. Mutti. "Repeatability and Validity of Peripheral Refraction with Two Different Autorefractors." Optometry and Vision Science 97, no. 6 (June 2020): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001520.

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Sng, Chelvin C. A., Xiao-Yu Lin, Gus Gazzard, Benjamin Chang, Mohamed Dirani, Laurence Lim, Prabakaran Selvaraj, et al. "Change in Peripheral Refraction over Time in Singapore Chinese Children." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 52, no. 11 (October 7, 2011): 7880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-7290.

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Backhouse, Simon, Stephanie Fox, Basma Ibrahim, and John R. Phillips. "Peripheral refraction in myopia corrected with spectacles versus contact lenses." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 32, no. 4 (May 12, 2012): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00912.x.

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Ehsaei, Asieh, Catharine M. Chisholm, Edward AH Mallen, and Ian E. Pacey. "78 The importance of autorefractor alignment for peripheral refraction measurements." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 34 (December 2011): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-0484(11)60157-4.

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Queirós, António, Miguel Faria-Ribeiro, Daniela Lopes-Ferreira, Paulo Fernandes, and José Manuel González-Méijome. "Astigmatic peripheral refraction patterns in orthokeratology for different myopic treatments." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 36 (December 2013): e33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2013.08.114.

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