Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Peripheral pulse'
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1
Camacho, Fernando Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Statistical analysis of central aortic blood pressure parameters derived from the peripheral pulse." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26215.
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With the rise in prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease, risk stratification is becoming increasingly important. Accurate characterization of the CV system is required, for which central aortic blood pressure (BP) parameters form an integral part. However, invasive measurement of central aortic BP parameters (aP) is difficult. Therefore, non-invasive methods to estimate aP from the radial pressure pulse (rPulse) have been proposed. To analyze accuracy of estimated aP (aPhat) and applicability in risk stratification and diagnosis, this study presents: (1) a novel representation of the rPulse with minimal loss of information, (2) a framework for strict definition and statistical analysis of aPhat, and (3) a dynamic analysis of effects of mean BP (MP) and heart rate (HR) in the rPulse shape. Methods: (1) 2671 rPulse s measured by applanation tonometry were represented using the first eight principal components (PC) scores after standard PC transformation. rPulse shapes were compared in three subpopulations. (2) The concept of "estimation option" (EO) for aP estimation was presented. A framework for strict definition of aPhat and the comparison of EOs was proposed, and 7 different EOs compared. (3) A sequence of rPulse s was analyzed during soft exhalation maneuver (SEM) %, a mild Valsalva type maneuver, in eight healthy subjects. Radial BP and respiration pressure were continuously measured. The effects of MP and HR in the rPulse parameters were analyzed by standard linear regression for each subject. Results: (1) PC representation of the rPulse improves accuracy of the estimation of aPhat compared with the simple use of rPulse parameters. Subpopulations have distinctive rPulse shapes. (2) No single EO was better for the estimation of all aPhat. Inclusion of MP improves estimation accuracy. Despite further improvement when rPulse is included, the general transfer function EO is a biased estimator. (3) The dynamic analysis of the rPulse provides information of the effects of MP and HR in the rPulse not available in static analysis. The effects were specific for each individual and different from the results obtained from a general population. Conclusions: For accurate CV risk stratification, future studies should include a dynamic measurement of calibrated radial pressure pulse during SEM maneuver. Risk analysis and diagnosis should be based on representations of the rPulse with minimum loss of information. aPhat should be used for better understanding of the underlying physiological principles.
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Epstein, Sally Laura Tessier Banfill. "Assessment of cardiovascular biomarkers derived from peripheral pulse waveforms using computational blood flow modelling." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/assessment-of-cardiovascular-biomarkers-derived-from-peripheral-pulse-waveforms-using-computational-blood-flow-modelling(ae3444f1-1504-4bae-bdd9-b3e6a5c7324f).html.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the ability of cardiovascular biomarkers calculated from peripheral pulse waveforms to estimate central properties of the cardiovascular system (e.g. aortic stiffness) using nonlinear one-dimensional (1-D) modelling of pulse wave propagation in the arterial network. To test these biomarkers, I have produced novel 1-D models of pulse wave propagation under normal and pathological conditions. In the first part of my thesis, I extended the modelling capabilities of the existing 1-D/0-D code to represent arterial blood ow under diabetes, hypertension, and combined diabetes and hypertension. Cardiac and vascular parameters of the 1-D model were tailored to best match data available in the literature to produce generalised hypertensive, diabetic, and combined diabetic and hypertensive population models. Using these models, I have shown that the pulse waveform at the finger is strongly affected by the aortic flow wave and the muscular artery stiffiness and diameter. Furthermore the peak to peak time measured from the pulse waveform at the finger can identify hypertensive from diabetic patients. In the second part, I developed a new methodology for optimising the number of arterial segments in 1-D modelling required to simulate precisely the blood pressure and flow waveforms at an arbitrary arterial location. This is achieved by systematically lumping peripheral 1-D model branches into 0-D models that preserve the net resistance and total compliance of the original model. The methodology is important to simplify the computational domain while maintaining the precision of the numerical predictions { an important step to translate 1-D modelling to the clinic. This thesis provides novel computational tools of blood flow modelling and waveform analysis for the design, development and testing of pulse wave biomarkers. These tools may help bridge the gap between clinical and computational approaches.
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Insall, R. L. "Pulse waveforms and transit time from photoelectric plethysmography in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309069.
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Rachamadugu, Arun. "Digital implementation of high speed pulse shaping filters and address based serial peripheral interface design." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26603.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Laskar, Joy; Committee Member: Anderson, David; Committee Member: Cressler, John. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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McCombie, Devin Barnett 1972. "Development of a wearable blood pressure monitor using adaptive calibration of peripheral pulse transit time measurements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45335.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-159).
The ability to continuously monitor a patient's blood pressure long-term (for hours, days, or weeks) using a wearable device as unobtrusive as a wristwatch or piece of jewelry, could revolutionize the study, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and other cardiovascular disorders. Today's familiar blood pressure cuffs are used to diagnose and manage the hypertensive disorders which afflict 65 million Americans. But these existing devices only permit single 'snap-shot' measurements, while true arterial blood pressure fluctuates minute-by-minute, from night-to-day, etc. There is ample evidence that more intense blood pressure monitoring offers better clinical information. Moreover, the existing blood pressure devices are a chore: they are obtrusive, finicky, and uncomfortable. This thesis presents the design and development of a novel non-invasive BP monitor. The device provides beat-by-beat mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) estimates using adaptive calibration of the measured transit time of a propagating arterial pressure wave. The device employs unique wearable sensor architecture to estimate peripheral pulse transit time measurements. This architecture is comprised of two in-line photoplethysmograph sensors one in the form of a wristwatch measuring the volumetric pulsation in the ulnar artery and one in the form of a ring measuring the volumetric pulsation of the digital artery at the base of the little finger. Use of this architecture eliminates problems associated with the traditional method of estimating pulse transit time using the electrocardiogram (EKG).
(cont.) Additionally, by co-locating the two sensors on the same appendage not only are we able to account for the effect of hydrostatic pressure variation in our pulse transit time (PTT) measurements using an imbedded height sensor, but by actively altering the height of the two sensors relative to the heart we can achieve real-time identification of the calibration equation mapping PTT to MAP. Such real-time calibration of PTT measurements obviates the need for obtrusive cuff-based blood pressure monitors and offers the potential to recursively update the calibration equation as the patient's cardiovascular state evolves throughout the duration of the measurement period. Adaptive PTT calibration through natural patient motion has never previously been explored and offers the potential to achieve the longstanding goal of a truly imperceptible, wearable home BP monitor. This thesis describes the design and development of the sensor hardware used in the wearable device. Based on both theoretical study and experimental observations a device model has been developed to allow estimation of mean arterial blood pressure using the pulse transit times measured with our sensors. Additionally, this thesis presents the adaptive calibration methodology and the novel system identification algorithms that were used to parameterize our device model using natural human motion. Finally, this thesis demonstrates the potential of these innovative concepts through human subject testing and data analysis.
by Devin Barnett McCombie.
Ph.D.
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Dženkevičiūtė, Vilma. "Peculiarities of structural and functional changes of central and peripheral arteries in metabolic syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111003_114713-40821.
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Širdies ir kraujagyslių ligos (ŠKL) yra pagrindinė mirties priežastis visoje Europoje ir Lietuvoje. Literatūroje plačiai, tačiau nevienareikšmiai aptarta MS svarba širdies kraujagyslių ligų atsiradimui. Neatsakyta į vieną iš pagrindinių klausimų: kurie MS sudarantys rizikos veiksniai ar jų grupės daugiausia lemia širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų progresavimą. Mes savo darbe įvertinome arterijų funkcinių ir struktūrinių pokyčių bei kairiojo skilvelio miokardo masės indekso kitimų sąsajas su amžiumi, lytimi ir MS; taip pat atsižvelgėme ne tik į MS, bet ir į atskirų širdies bei kraujagyslių rizikos veiksnių nepriklausomą įtaką kardiovaskuliniam pažeidimui. Be to, bandėme nustatyti, koks MS sudarančių atskirų komponentų skaičius gali daugiausia lemti širdies ir kraujagyslių arterijų funkcinius ir struktūriniais kitimus bei kairiojo skilvelio miokardo masės didėjimą. Darbe nustatyta, kad sergantiesiems metaboliniu sindromu nepriklausomai nuo lyties ir amžiaus yra didesnis intimos medijos storis, šlaunies miego arterijų pulsinės bangos greitis ir kairiojo skilvelio miokardo masės indeksas. Didesnis miego arterijoje aterosklerozinių plokštelių skaičius rastas tik moterims su metaboliniu sindromu. Širdies ir kraujagyslių pažeidimų rizika sergantiems metaboliniu sindromu vyrams ir moterims taip pat buvo skirtinga. Vyrams su MS aptikta 2,14 karto didesnė kairiojo skilvelio hipertrofijos ir 4,9 karto – intimos medijos sustorėjimo tikimybė. Moterims metabolinis sindromas nesukelė intimos... [to full text]Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death all over the Europe and were the most prevalent disease in Lithuania in 2010. Based on some of the data, MS risk factors have different influence on changes of artery structure and function. MS and its components can influence differently the emergence of cardiovascular diseases and advance of complications in men and women. Furthermore, we tried to estimate the number of separate components constituting MS that can have the most significant influence on functional and structural changes in cardiovascular arteries and increase of the left ventricle myocardial mass index. The particularity of changes in different arterial stiffness indicators in patients with MS has not been determined yet in the literature, as well as prognostic value of MS when initiating early disorders in arterial structure and function and left ventricular hypertrophy. The research showed the following results: in subjects with metabolic syndrome irrespectively their gender and age higher intima-media thickness, femoral-carotid arteries pulse wave velocity and left ventricular myocardial mass index were found. However, higher number of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery was found only in females. Risk of cardiovascular disorders in males and females with metabolic syndrome is different. Nor in males, neither in females metabolic syndrome had no direct influence on pulse wave velocity, intima-media thickness, hypertrophy of left ventricle... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Kobayashi, Katsuya. "Different Mode of Afferents Determines the Frequency Range of High Frequency Activities in the Human Brain: Direct Electrocorticographic Comparison between Peripheral Nerve and Direct Cortical Stimulation." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202676.
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Li, Lulu [Verfasser]. "Measuring fluid shear stress with a novel Doppler-derived relative pulse slope index and maximal systolic acceleration approach to detect peripheral arterial disease and to modulate arteriogenesis / Lulu Li." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113307426X/34.
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Mercadal, Cavaller Borja. "Electroporation and peripheral nerve stimulation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667854.
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This thesis aimed at addressing questions within the fields of electroporation and peripheral nerve stimulation and, in particular, those that arise from the interaction between the two phenomenona. On the one hand, electroporation can have various direct and indirect effects in the neuronal functions. This thesis investigates the possible role of electroporation in pulsed radiofrequency treatments for chronic pain. On the other hand, during electroporation based treatments, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves appears as an unwanted effect causing muscle contractions and acute pain. This thesis analyzes the rationale behind the use of bipolar pulses to mitigate this effect and the implications of such approach in irreversible electroporation treatments. In addition, this thesis provides a theoretical framework to explain a series of results that were in apparent contradiction with the common knowledge of the electroporation phenomenon. Finally, this thesis presents a neuromuscular model to study the recruitment patterns in intramuscular electrical stimulation.Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu resoldre qüestions en els camps de l’electroporació i l’estimulació dels nervis perifèrics, i sobretot, aquelles que es deriven de l’interacció entre els dos fenòmens. L’electroporació pot tenir diversos efectes directes o indirectes en les funcions neuronals. En aquesta tesi s’investiga el possible paper de l’electroporació en els tractaments de radiofreqüència polsada. D’altra banda, durant els tractaments basats en l’electroporació, l’estimulació elèctrica dels nervis perifèrics apareix com a efecte secundari causant contraccions musculars i dolor. En aquesta tesi s’analitza com l’ús de polsos bipolar pot mitigar aquests efectes i quines implicacions té aquesta estratègia en els tractaments d’electroporació irreversible. En aquesta tesi també es presenta un marc teòric per explicar una sèrie de resultats que entren en aparent contradicció amb els nostres coneixements sobre l’electroporació. Finalment, es presenta un model neuromuscular que permet estudiar la resposta d’un múscul quan és estimulat mitjançant elèctrodes intramusculars.
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Christoph, Marian, Jörg Herold, Anna Berg-Holldack, Thomas Rauwolf, Tjalf Ziemssen, Alexander Schmeisser, Sönke Weinert, et al. "Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist Pioglitazone on Peripheral Vessel Function and Clinical Parameters in Nondiabetic Patients: A Double-Center, Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial." Karger, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70586.
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Objective: Despite the advanced therapy with statins, antithrombotics, and antihypertensive agents, the medical treatment of atherosclerotic disease is less than optimal. Therefore, additional therapeutic antiatherosclerotic options are desirable. This pilot study was performed to assess the potential antiatherogenic effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone in nondiabetic patients. Methods: A total of 54 nondiabetic patients were observed in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized to pioglitazone or placebo. The following efficacy parameters were determined by serial analyses: artery pulse wave analysis and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), static and dynamic retinal vessel function, and the common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). The main secondary endpoint was the change in different biochemical markers. Results: After 9 months, no relevant differences could be determined in the two treatment groups in PWV (pioglitazone 14.3 ± 4.4 m/s vs. placebo 14.2 ± 4.2 m/s), retinal arterial diameter (pioglitazone 112.1 ± 23.3 μm vs. placebo 117.9 ± 21.5 μm) or IMT (pioglitazone 0.85 ± 0.30 mm vs. placebo 0.79 ± 0.15 mm). Additionally, there were no differences in the change in biochemical markers like cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or white blood cell count. Conclusions : Treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist in nondiabetic patients did not improve the function of large and small peripheral vessels (PPP Trial, clinicaltrialsregister. eu: 2006-000186-11).
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Fadaie-Tehrani, Alireza. "Pulsed voltage in peripheral electrochemical grinding and a study of some process parameters." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488338.
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Wang, Tianshu. "Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound prompts both functional and histologic improvements while upregulating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression after sciatic crush injury in rats." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/265198.
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京都大学新制・課程博士
博士(人間健康科学)
甲第23426号
人健博第93号
新制||人健||6(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻
(主査)教授 山田 重人, 教授 林 悠, 教授 森本 尚樹
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human Health Sciences
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Crisci, Ana Rosa. "Estudo experimental dos efeitos do ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade sobre a regeneração do nervo ciático de ratos após neurotomia, mediante avaliações morfológicas e morfométricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-30082001-161012/.
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As qualidades biofísicas do U.S.P. levaram-nos a estimar o efeito do mesmo sobre a regeneração de um nervo periférico. Este estudo foi levado a efeito sobre a axotomia experimental do nervo ciático de ratos. Para tal finalidade estimulamos por 12 dias consecutivos, durante 20 minutos o coto proximal dos nervos axotomizados. A morfologia foi avaliada comparativamente entre cortes semifinos corados pelo azul de toluidina e cortes ultra finos à microscopia eletrônica, dos cotos proximais de nervos estimulados e não estimulados. A avaliação morfométrica das estruturas, baseou-se na contagem diferencial das fibras; da espessura da bainha de mielina e da área dos axônios das fibras tipo A, mediante o emprego de um software especializado ( Image Tool). Os achados morfológicos e a análise estatística dos dados morfométricos são altamente sugestivos de que o U.S.P. estimula a regeneração de nervos periféricos.The biophysical qualities of pulsed ultrasound led us to appraise it¢s effect on the regeneration of a peripheral nerve. In this study our intention was to evaluate the effects of pulsed ultrasound on the axotomy of the ciatic nerve in rats. The proximal stump of the nerve was stimulated on 12 consecutive days with pulsed ultrasound and the effects of the sonication were evaluated through morphologic and morphometric techniques. Our findings suggest that sonication leads to a rapid regeneration of the nerve after axotomization. These affirmations are based on the counting of different types of fibre components in mixed nerves and the morphologic recovery of the same in comparasion with nerves of animals submitted to sham operation.
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FAN, ZHI-XIANG, and 范智翔. "Physiological Signal Analysis of Peripheral Arteries by Pulse Wave Characteristics." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70970454543295251842.
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碩士中原大學
電機工程研究所
103
Heart rate variability (HRV) can be applied to observe the autonomic nervous system activity of human beings. With the development of wearable device technology, the PPG signal is often applied to measure pulse rate and furthermore to analyze the pulse rate variability (PRV), considered to be equivalent to HRV. However, the heart rate is affected by depth and speed of breath that causes different results when HRV and PRV are measured on different locations. Based on the characteristics of the respiratory sinus arrthymia (RSA), the beat rate and tide volume of breath were controlled and the variability of PPG and ECG signals were discussed; furthermore, the characteristics of peripheral arteries were evaluated. Several PSG applied were respiration rate measured with sitting position, and ECG signals and PPG variability of four limbs to analyze the SDNN of normal to normal beat. It was found that obvious difference ( p <0.05) shown between HRV and PRV when normal young groups were controlling different beat rate and tide volume; however, no obvious ones shown on the PRV of four limbs. To analyze based on age, obvious difference between upper limbs and lower ones was shown on the PTT of young group instead of the elderly. Therefore, the result showed there are difference between PRV and HRV during breath.
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Hu, Chung-Chieh, and 胡中傑. "Applications of ankle-brachial index and pulse wave velocity in patients without clinical peripheral vascular disease." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54496404121743571576.
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碩士東海大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系
101
Cardiovascular disease is a major and important board spectrum disease in Taiwan, that its total death rate exceed the one of cancer in recent years. Peripheral vascular disease is one kind of cardiovascular disease, which share the same risk factors generally. For those healthy persons who do not have clinical evidence of peripheral aterial disease, we are interested in (1) To understand the disease prevalence by measuring ankle-brachial index and pulse wave velocity (2) The relationship between these markers and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (3) The relationship between different cardiovascular outcomes and Framingham risk scoring system, and (4) The predictive value of these markers to other cardiovascular outcomes. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. From February 2008 to April 2013, we collected totally 2085 of ABI and PWV measurements at health check-up center of one Medical Center in central Taiwan. We studied the relationships between ABI, PWV and other parameters such as: demographic datas, general laboratories profile, results of MDCT, carotid songraphy and transcranial doppler.. We concluded that (1) In our study, the prevalence of peripheral artery disease related to other cardiovascular diseases is similar to previous reported, and has been summarized in the tables of Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test in this report, (2) Most of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors were significantly related to PWV, but not to ABI, (3) When PWV ≥ 1400cm/s, odds ratio for coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, carotid intima thickening, and mild carotid stenosis were 2.49, 2.97, 3.55 and 4.11 respectivetly. For a 10% 10-year risk of Framingham score, the odds ratio of PWV ≥1400 cm/s were 5.2 for men and 14.0 for women, and (4) The area under the curve under the receiver operator curve were 0.689 for coronary artery disease, 0.676 for metabolic syndrome, 0.699 for carotid intima thickening and mild stenosis with different PWV cut-off value, and corresponding 0.601, 0.613, 0.609 and 0.577 with ABI.
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Araújo, Tiago Sérgio Santos Rodrigues. "Modulation of electrical stimulation applied to human physiology and clinical diagnostic." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15243.
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The use, manipulation and application of electrical currents, as a controlled interference mechanism in the human body system, is currently a strong source of motivation to researchers in areas such as clinical, sports, neuroscience, amongst others. In electrical stimulation (ES), the current applied to tissue is traditionally controlled concerning stimulation
amplitude, frequency and pulse-width. The main drawbacks of the transcutaneous
ES are the rapid fatigue induction and the high discomfort induced by the non-selective
activation of nervous fibers.
There are, however, electrophysiological parameters whose response, like the response
to different stimulation waveforms, polarity or a personalized charge control, is still
unknown. The study of the following questions is of great importance:
What is the physiological effect of the electric pulse parametrization concerning
charge, waveform and polarity? Does the effect change with the clinical condition of
the subjects?
The parametrization influence on muscle recruitment can retard fatigue onset?
Can parametrization enable fiber selectivity, optimizing the motor fibers recruitment
rather than the nervous fibers, reducing contraction discomfort?
Current hardware solutions lack flexibility at the level of stimulation control and
physiological response assessment. To answer these questions, a miniaturized, portable
and wireless controlled device with ES functions and full integration with a generic
biosignals acquisition platform has been created. Hardware was also developed to provide complete freedom for controlling the applied current with respect to the waveform,
polarity, frequency, amplitude, pulse-width and duration.
The impact of the methodologies developed is successfully applied and evaluated in
the contexts of fundamental electrophysiology, psycho-motor rehabilitation and neuromuscular disorders diagnosis.
This PhD project was carried out in the Physics Department of Faculty of Sciences and
Technology (FCT-UNL), in straight collaboration with PLUX - Wireless Biosignals S.A. company and co-funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT); PLUX - Wireless Biosignals, S.A.; FCT-UNL- CEFITEC
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"The effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on peripheral nerve regeneration." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886629.
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by Leung Shiu Man.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Bibliography: leaves 137-146.
Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Surgical intervention done for nerve injury --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Rehabilitation procedures after nerve injuries --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Frustrating result of recovery after nerve injuries --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Reasons for the poor results --- p.3
Chapter 1.5 --- Objective of the study --- p.5
Chapter 1.6 --- Hypothesis and organization of the study --- p.6
Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- The effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on peripheral nerve regeneration --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- Electrical field and nerve growth --- p.8
Chapter 2.2 --- Experimental findings of effect of the electromagnetic field on peripheral nerve regeneration --- p.9
Chapter 2.3 --- The diversity of interest --- p.17
Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- Physiological effects of the pulsed electromagnetic field --- p.18
Chapter 3.1 --- The conventional use of electromagnetic field in musculoskeletal rehabilitation --- p.18
Chapter 3.2 --- The pulsed electromagnetic field --- p.18
Chapter 3.3 --- Nature of the pulsed electromagnetic field with a carrier frequency of 27.12 MHz --- p.19
Chapter 3.4 --- Therapeutic effects of the pulsed electromagnetic field --- p.20
Chapter 3.5 --- Some experimental results of the pulsed electromagnetic field --- p.20
Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.25
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- Methology --- p.27
Chapter 4.1 --- Experimental animals and aneasthesia --- p.27
Chapter 4.2 --- Models of lesions --- p.28
Chapter 4.3 --- Sample size and grouping of the experimental rats --- p.35
Chapter 4.4 --- Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation --- p.37
Chapter 4.5 --- Methods of evaluating the nerve regeneration --- p.38
Chapter 4.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.53
Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- Results --- p.54
Chapter 5.1 --- Directly repaired groups --- p.54
Chapter 5.2 --- Crushed groups --- p.62
Chapter 5.3 --- Artery bridge groups --- p.73
Chapter 5.4 --- Sham operated groups --- p.84
Chapter 5.5 --- Electron microscopic examination --- p.90
Chapter 5.6 --- Summary of all the data --- p.94
Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- Discuss ion --- p.96
Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- Conclusion --- p.103
Chapter 7.1 --- Restatement of the experimental objective and hypothesis --- p.103
Chapter 7.2 --- Conclusion --- p.103
Chapter 7.3 --- Suggestions for furthur research --- p.104
Chapter 7.4 --- Clinical Implication --- p.105
Chapter APPENDIX I --- Determination of the duration of survival of the experimental animal --- p.106
Chapter APPENDIX II --- Perfusion of rats --- p.115
Chapter APPENDIX III --- Horseradish peroxidase and tetramethvlbezindine reaction --- p.118
Chapter APPENDIX IV --- Histology fixation --- p.120
Chapter APPENDIX V --- Determination of the Position of the Histology Specimens --- p.121
Chapter APPENDIX VI --- Raw Data Collected in the Experiment --- p.132
REFERENCE --- p.137