Academic literature on the topic 'Peripheral'
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Journal articles on the topic "Peripheral"
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Rofé, Jessica. "Peripheral Detention, Transfer, and Access to the Courts." Michigan Law Review, no. 122.5 (2024): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.122.5.peripheral.
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In the last forty years, immigration detention in the U.S. has grown exponentially, largely concentrated in the southern states and outside of the country’s metropoles. In turn, federal immigration officials routinely transfer immigrants from their communities to remote jails and prisons hundreds, if not thousands, of miles away, often in jurisdictions where the law is more favorable to the government. These transfers are conducted without notice or process and frequently occur on weekends or in the predawn hours, when offices are closed and interested parties are lucky to access voicemail. Federal immigration officials’ use of peripheral detention and transfer significantly affects immigrants’ access to the courts and their ability to raise detention challenges. Lurking beneath these issues lies a seemingly technical Supreme Court decision relied on by the government to seek dismissal of habeas actions filed by immigrant petitioners who have been ferried to faraway jails and prisons. In Rumsfeld v. Padilla, the Supreme Court held that the “default rule” in a habeas action challenging present physical confinement is that it must be brought in a petitioner’s “district of confinement” and that a petitioner can only name a single respondent: their “immediate custodian.” However, the history and development of immigration detention and of the habeas statute offer important insights into present debates about the primacy of Padilla in the context of transfer. A mining of these histories unravels the foundational premises on which Padilla relied and encourages us to question mechanical rules that silo immigrant habeas actions in faraway fora, away from evidence, witnesses, community, counsel, and the events giving rise to the detentions themselves.
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Bowden, Jamie, David Whitaker, and Matt J. Dunn. "The role of Peripheral Vision in the Flashed Face Distortion Effect." Perception 48, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618817419.
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The flashed face distortion effect is a phenomenon whereby images of faces, presented at 4–5 Hz in the visual periphery, appear distorted. It has been hypothesized that the effect is driven by cortical, rather than retinal, components. Here, we investigated the role of peripheral viewing on the effect. Normally sighted participants viewed the stimulus peripherally, centrally, and centrally with a blurring lens (to match visual acuity in the peripheral location). Participants rated the level of distortion using a Visual Analogue Scale. Although optical defocus did have a significant effect on distortion ratings, peripheral viewing had a much greater effect, despite matched visual acuity. We suggest three potential mechanisms for this finding: increased positional uncertainty in the periphery, reduced deployment of attention to the visual periphery, or the visual crowding effect.
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Yufereva, Olena V. "PERIPHERAL WRITING AND WRITING ON THE PERIPHERY IN TRAVELOGUES BY JAY NORWOOD DARLING." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, no. 27 (June 3, 2024): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2024-1-27-5.
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The article is devoted to the little-known literary work of the American cartoonist Jay Norwood Darling. The current study was conducted on the travelogues “Ding Goes to Russia” (1932) and “The Cruise of the Bouncing Betsy. A Trailer Travelogue” (1937). This article aims to reveal and contextualize the features of J.N. Darling’s travel texts as peripheral genres. The main objective of this work is to analyze the deep structures of the travelogues chronotope, based on which the hypothesis will be put forward. Its essence is that the intensity of the crisis time experience in different spaces and through these spaces modifies the involved genre clichés, giving rise to a tragic (for Soviet space) and optimistic (for American space) premonition. The research methodology is based on the study of the interaction between the centre and periphery of the literary system, in particular, the concept of “semiosphere” formulated by Yu. Lotman. Genre analysis includes comparative and contextual methods of studying texts. The cultural-historical method deepens the understanding of the context of Darling’s literary work. Particularly, it is used to discover the historical and social factors that impact the peculiarities of others and one’s own world perception and image reconstruction. Genre analysis of travelogues with various graphic components, including caricatures, involves an intermedia method of studying the semantic connections between visual and verbal in travelogues. The examination of Darling’s travelogues “Ding Goes to Russia” and “The Cruise of the Bouncing Betsy. A Trailer Travelogue”, which inherited different genre traditions, revealed their conceptual and poetic affinities. In both texts, the author investigates the common issues of civilization and its advancement, as well as the significance of technological progress for a human being. The features of the unmanifested future or hidden phenomena of the present are felt more strongly at a distance from the centre, at the intersection of transit paths. Geography in these travels is perceived through anthropological optics, implemented, among other things, through the concepts of the mutual influence of society and space in an unstable world. The experience of alienation is constructed through images of places displayed identically in both travelogues. In Darling’s travelogues, places outside of symbolic meaning come to the fore of the spatio-temporal structure. According to the concept of M. Auger, their features can be attributed to non-places. The key features of the chronotope of both travelogues are the peripheralization of space, the transformation of places into space, and the related process, the representation of non-places. The caricaturists’ texts exhibit genre peripherality through the dual nature of their poetic codes. Behind the secondary nature of the genre constructions of both texts, one cannot help but see individual searches reflected in the unique role and methods of spatial metaphors and imaginary topoi explication. Their semantic and visual density force us to recall and re-estimate the factual writing of the cartoonist in the context of future genre development.
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Rivera, Heidi M., and Lisa A. Eckel. "Activation of Central, But Not Peripheral, Estrogen Receptors Is Necessary for Estradiol’s Anorexigenic Effect in Ovariectomized Rats." Endocrinology 151, no. 12 (November 3, 2010): 5680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0731.
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Estradiol appears to exert its anorexigenic effect by activating nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), which are expressed widely in peripheral tissues and in the brain. Here, we used ICI-182,780 (ICI), a pure antiestrogen with limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, to assess the relative involvement of peripheral vs. central ERs to estradiol’s anorexigenic effect. Food intake was measured after peripheral (sc) administration of ICI or vehicle in ovariectomized rats treated with acute injections of estradiol benzoate and sesame oil over a 2-wk period. Uterine weight was assessed as a biological assay of peripheral ER activation. In a second experiment, food intake was measured after central (lateral ventricular) administration of ICI or vehicle in ovariectomized rats receiving acute injections of estradiol benzoate and oil over a period of 10 d. In order to assess the possible spread of ICI from the brain to the periphery, vaginal cytology samples were examined as a biological assay of peripheral ER activation. Peripherally administered ICI failed to attenuate estradiol’s anorexigenic effect at a dose that was sufficient to block estradiol’s uterotrophic effect. This suggests that peripheral activation of ERs is not necessary for estradiol’s anorexigenic effect. Although central infusion of 4 nm ICI blocked estradiol’s anorexigenic effect, it did not attenuate estradiol’s ability to increase the presence of cornified cells in vaginal cytology samples, suggesting that ICI did not leak into the periphery. We conclude that activation of central, but not peripheral, ERs is necessary for estradiol’s anorexigenic effect.
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Simin, Dragana, Dragana Milutinović, Vesna Turkulov, and Svetlana Simić. "Peripheral nerve injury related to peripheral intravenous therapy." Inspirium, no. 14 (2015): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/insp1513019s.
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Introduction: The objective of the current study was to present data on peripheral nerve injury related to peripheral intravenous therapy obtained through the use of empirical studies and analysis. Materials and Methods: To detect empirical studies, we developed search strategies for use in Medline electronic database, using only related keywords, based on MeSH terms: peripheral nerve injuries, peripheral nerve damage, peripheral intravenous therapy, venipuncture, periphera lintravenous cannulation. The studies included in this analysis were published in English. Results: The likelihood of peripheral nerve injury related to venipuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation is often citedin the research literature. However, there have been more frequent reports of nerve injury consequent on venepuncture in comparison to rare case reports of peripheral nerve injury from intravenous cannulation. Based on Seddon's classification of nerve injuries, a review of the literature shows incidence of all three types of injury. Conclusions: Peripheral intravenous therapy is the most common procedures performed by nurses in their everyday clinical practice, can cause different types of damage to the peripheral nerves.
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Fan, Xiaoxu, Lan Wang, Hanyu Shao, Daniel Kersten, and Sheng He. "Temporally flexible feedback signal to foveal cortex for peripheral object recognition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 41 (September 26, 2016): 11627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606137113.
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Recent studies have shown that information from peripherally presented images is present in the human foveal retinotopic cortex, presumably because of feedback signals. We investigated this potential feedback signal by presenting noise in fovea at different object–noise stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), whereas subjects performed a discrimination task on peripheral objects. Results revealed a selective impairment of performance when foveal noise was presented at 250-ms SOA, but only for tasks that required comparing objects’ spatial details, suggesting a task- and stimulus-dependent foveal processing mechanism. Critically, the temporal window of foveal processing was shifted when mental rotation was required for the peripheral objects, indicating that the foveal retinotopic processing is not automatically engaged at a fixed time following peripheral stimulation; rather, it occurs at a stage when detailed information is required. Moreover, fMRI measurements using multivoxel pattern analysis showed that both image and object category-relevant information of peripheral objects was represented in the foveal cortex. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis of a temporally flexible feedback signal to the foveal retinotopic cortex when discriminating objects in the visual periphery.
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Smith, Howard. "Peripherally-Acting Opioids." Pain Physician 2s;11, no. 3;2s (March 14, 2008): S121—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/s121.
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Opioids are broad-spectrum analgesics with potent pain-relieving qualities but also with potential adverse effects related to both short-term and long-term therapy. Researchers have attempted to alter existing opioid analgesics, utilize different routes/ formulations, or combine opioid analgesics with other compounds in efforts to improve analgesia while minimizing adverse effects. Exogenous opioids, administered in efforts to achieve analgesia, work by mimicking the actions of endogenous opioids. Endogenous opioids and their receptors are located in the brain (supraspinal areas), spinal cord, and periphery. Although opioids and opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord have received much attention over many years, peripheral endogenous opioid analgesic systems have only been extensively studied during the past decade. It has been known since 1990 that following injection into the rodent hindpaw, d-Ala2 , N-Me-Phe4 , Gly5 -ol-enkephalin (DAMGO) [a muopioid receptor agonist] probably exerts its antinociceptive effects locally, since the doses administered are too low to have an effect in the central nervous system (CNS). This notion has been supported by the observation that the quaternary compound morphine methyliodide, which does not as readily cross the bloodbrain barrier and enter the CNS, produced antinociception following intradermal administration into the hindpaw, but not when the same dose was administered systemically (subcutaneously at a distant site). With a growing appreciation of peripheral endogenous opioids, peripheral endogenous opioid receptors, and peripheral endogenous opioid analgesic systems, investigators began growing hopeful that it may be possible to achieve adequate analgesics while avoiding unwanted central untoward adverse effects (e.g. respiratory depression, somnolence, addiction). Peripherally-acting opioids, which capitalize on peripheral endogenous opioid analgesic systems, may be one potential future strategy which may be utilized in efforts to achieve potent analgesia with minimal side effects. Key words: Pain, opioids, immune cells, peripherally-acting opioids (PAO), leukocytes, inflammatory pain, peripheral analgesia
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Snowden, R. J. "Orientation Channels in the Peripheral Visual Field." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970155.
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Peripheral vision has been modelled as a coarser version of foveal vision. Thus visual behaviour elicited by, say, a 2 cycles deg−1 grating imaged foveally would be reproduced in the periphery by a lower spatial frequency (say 1 cycle deg−1). Tuning for orientation is broader at a low than high spatial frequency (Snowden, 1992 Vision Research32 1965 – 1974). Taken together this leads to the surprising prediction that, given a particular spatial frequency, tuning for orientation is narrower for peripheral viewing! In this study it has also been found that orientation tuning broadens with increasing temporal frequency, but the opposite relationship has been reported for peripheral vision (Sharpe and Tolhurst, 1973 Vision Research13 2103 – 2112). Orientation bandwidths were measured by the method of selective adaptation following the procedures and analysis techniques described by Snowden (1991 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B246 53 – 59). The results show that orientation bandwidths did indeed narrow as a stimulus was imaged more peripherally, so that its bandwidth in the peripheral retina could be half that of the fovea. However, at a greater eccentricity, bandwidths broadened once more. The results were not influenced by the contrast of the adaptation pattern eliminating visibility as a possible explanation. Increasing temporal frequency broadened orientation bandwidth at all eccentricities.
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Venturino, Michael, and Edward J. Rinalducci. "Peripheral Vision and Peripheral Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 6 (September 1986): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000621.
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Technological advances have signi-ficantly altered the nature of the man-machine inter-face. Notable changes include: 1) a redefinition of the role of the human from that of a manual operator to a monitor/manager of complex systems; and 2) the availability of large amounts of data, presented or updated at rapid rates. As a result of such changes, the human operator must monitor, integrate, evaluate, and utilize continually changing information from a large number of spatially separated displays. Such demands require complex scanning patterns among numerous displays, and maintaining large amounts of information in working memory. These requirements and demands often overload the human's limited processing capabilities, and lead to degraded performance and increased probability of error. One possible solution to this propagation of displays and consequent information overload is to make more efficient use of human visual capabilities by offloading some types of information from foveal vision to peripheral vision. If appropriate types of information are presented to each aspect of vision (foveal and peripheral), then the human operator's bandwidth of information intake may be usefully increased. However, significant issues must be addressed before attempts are made to design peripheral displays. Such issues may be grouped into three categories: 1) determine the characteristics of peripheral vision relevant to display design (e.g., luminance sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, and acuity); 2) determine the characteristics of peripheral information processing (e.g., the costs and benefits of covert orienting of attention, the effects of foveal load on peripheral processing and vice-versa, and events in peripheral vision that cause a saccade); and 3) determine what types of information structure provide useful information in peripheral vision, which would indicate what types of information should be displayed in peripheral vision. The answers to these issues will provide data that may help determine whether it is feasible to display useable information to both foveal and peripheral vision, and provide guidelines for the design of peripheral displays. The purpose of this symposium is to address theoretical and applied issues of peripheral vision. The description and evaluation of the properties and characteristics of peripheral vision will serve as fundamental knowledge in determining the feasibility and design of peripheral displays. The symposium will be empirical in nature, with the participants presenting experimental data relevant to the above issues.
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Mazal, Zdeněk. "Peripheral Exudative Heamorrhagic Chorioretinopathy." Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology 75, no. 2 (March 7, 2019): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31348/2019/2/4.
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Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is relatively rare and especially less known and therefore less often diagnosed condition of the retina periphery predominantly in patients of higher age. Usually temporal periphery is affected. The finding is bilateral in approximately 30 %. Clinically it manifests by multibulbar prominences in periphery, which can sometimes resemble choroidal melanoma. It concerns exudations and hemorrhages under retina (sub-retinal) or under retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE). Within weeks or months hemorrhagy is resorbed and flattened and chorioretinal atrophy of various grade remains in affected area, sometimes combined with retinal fibrosis. If the affected area remains limited to the periphery, the central visual acuity does not have to be reduced. Affection is considered to be peripheral form of wet age-related macular degeneration or peripheral form of idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. By differential diagnosis is necessary to exclude especially malignant choroidal melanoma and choroidal detachment. Case report: Own case of 83 years old patient with bilateral PEHCR is described and photo documented. Creation of new prominence - fresh bleeding under retina and RPE in superior periphery – had been captured. Photo documentation of lesion in early stage and in stage of resorbtion after several weeks. Affected areas remained limited to periphery and did not have influence on central vision. That was influenced by degeneration of macula and vitreomacular traction syndrome with distinct epiretinal membrane. Conclusion: PEHCR is less frequent or less diagnosed condition of the retina periphery in old patients. Ongoing exudation and sub-retinal or sub-RPE bleeding. Within weeks heals with chorioretinal scars and subretinal fibrosis. Central vision does not have to be damaged, if lesions do not spread to macula.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peripheral"
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Childers, Jason C. "Peripheral Recognition." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1853.
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Perception greatly affects the way we experience and understand the world. Using self-reflective research processes and data collection, I explore how art can subjectively re-present data and what this means for research and knowledge. The artworks through which I discuss these notions are Self Checkout 2013, Bibliography of Virtual Consciousness: Uniform Resource Locator Volumes 1-12 (BOVC:URL 1-12), and Observation Box. Self Checkout 2013 is composed of all of my receipts from 2013. They not only record my transactions, but also re-present data from which one can make inferences regarding my life—my consumer identity, my needs, my desires, etc. BOVC:URL 1-12 re-presents my web history and suggests a reflection on the relationships between physical realities, virtual realities, and the consciousness that mediates experience between them. These forms of data are analyzed by me and through audience participation in Observation Box in an attempt to construct multi-perspectival knowledges from art.
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Hausen, Doris. "Peripheral interaction." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-167337.
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In our everyday life we carry out a multitude of activities in parallel without focusing our attention explicitly on them. We drink a cup of tea while reading a book, we signal a colleague passing by with a hand gesture, that we are concentrated right now and that he should wait one moment, or we walk a few steps backwards while taking photos. Many of these interactions - like drinking, sending signals via gestures or walking - are rather complex by themselves. By means of learning and training, however, these interactions become part of our routines and habits and therefore only consume little or no attentional resources. In contrast, when interacting with digital devices, we are often asked for our full attention. To carry out - even small and marginal tasks - we are regularly forced to switch windows, do precise interactions (e.g., pointing with the mouse) and thereby these systems trigger context and focus switches, disrupting us in our main focus and task. Peripheral interaction aims at making use of human capabilities and senses like divided attention, spatial memory and proprioception to support interaction with digital devices in the periphery of the attention, consequently quasi-parallel to another primary task.
In this thesis we investigate peripheral interaction in the context of a standard desktop computer environment. We explore three interaction styles for peripheral interaction: graspable interaction, touch input and freehand gestures. StaTube investigates graspable interaction in the domain of instant messaging, while the Appointment Projection uses simple wiping gestures to access information about upcoming appointments. These two explorations focus on one interaction style each and offer first insights into the general benefits of peripheral interaction. In the following we carried out two studies comparing all three interaction styles (graspable, touch, freehand) for audio player control and for dealing with notifications. We found that all three interaction styles are generally fit for peripheral interaction but come with different advantages and disadvantages. The last set of explorative studies deals with the ability to recall spatial locations in 2D as well as 3D. The Unadorned Desk makes use of the physical space around the desktop computer and thereby offers an extended interaction space to store and retrieve virtual items such as commands, applications or tools. Finally, evaluation of peripheral interaction is not straightforward as the systems are designed to blend into the environment and not draw attention on them. We propose an additional evaluation method for the lab to complement the current evaluation practice in the field.
The main contributions of this thesis are (1) an exhaustive classification and a more detailed look at manual peripheral interaction for tangible, touch and freehand interaction. Based on these exploration with all three interaction styles, we offer (2) implications in terms of overall benefits of peripheral interaction, learnability and habituation, visual and mental attention, feedback and handedness for future peripheral interaction design. Finally, derived from a diverse set of user studies, we assess (3) evaluation strategies enriching the design process for peripheral interaction.In unserem täglichen Leben führen wir eine große Anzahl an Aktivitäten parallel aus ohne uns explizit darauf zu konzentrieren. Wir trinken Tee während wir ein Buch lesen, wir signalisieren einem Kollegen durch eine Handgeste, dass wir gerade konzentriert sind und er einen Moment warten soll oder wir gehen ein paar Schritte rückwärts während wir fotografieren. Viele dieser Aktivitäten - wie beispielsweise Trinken, Gestikulieren und Laufen - sind an sich komplex. Durch Training werden diese Tätigkeiten allerdings Teil unserer Routinen und Gewohnheiten, und beanspruchen daher nur noch wenig oder sogar keine Aufmerksamkeit. Im Gegensatz dazu, verlangen digitale Geräte meist unsere volle Aufmerksamkeit während der Interaktion. Um - oftmals nur kleine - Aufgaben durchzuführen, müssen wir Fenster wechseln, präzise Aktionen durchführen (z.B. mit dem Mauszeiger zielen) und werden dabei durch die Systeme zu einem Kontext- und Fokuswechsel gezwungen. Periphere Interaktion hingegen macht sich menschliche Fähigkeiten wie geteilte Aufmerksamkeit, das räumliche Gedächtnis und Propriozeption zu Nutze um Interaktion mit digitalen Geräten am Rande der Aufmerksamkeit also der Peripherie zu ermöglichen -- quasi-parallel zu einem anderen Primärtask. In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir Periphere Interaktion am Computerarbeitsplatz. Dabei betrachten wir drei verschiedene Interaktionsstile: Begreifbare Interaktion (graspable), Touch Eingabe und Freiraum Gestik (freehand). StaTube untersucht Begreifbare Interaktion am Beispiel von Instant Messaging, während die Appointment Projection einfache Wischgesten nutzt, um Informationen nahender Termine verfügbar zu machen. Diese beiden Untersuchungen betrachten jeweils einen Interaktionsstil und beleuchten erste Vorteile, die durch Periphere Interaktion erzielt werden können. Aufbauend darauf führen wir zwei vergleichende Studien zwischen allen drei Interaktionsstilen durch. Als Anwendungsszenarien dienen Musiksteuerung und der Umgang mit Benachrichtigungsfenstern. Alle drei Interaktionsstile können erfolgreich für Periphere Interaktion eingesetzt werden, haben aber verschiedene Vor- und Nachteile. Die letzte Gruppe von Studien befasst sich mit dem räumlichen Gedächtnis in 2D und 3D. Das Unadorned Desk nutzt den physikalischen Raum neben dem Desktop Computer um virtuelle Objekte, beispielsweise Funktionen, Anwendungen oder Werkzeuge, zu lagern. Darüber hinaus ist die Evaluation von Peripherer Interaktion anspruchsvoll, da sich die Systeme in die Umwelt integrieren und gerade keine Aufmerksamkeit auf sich ziehen sollen. Wir schlagen eine Evaluationsmethode für das Labor vor, um die derzeitig vorherrschenden Evaluationsmethoden in diesem Forschungsfeld zu ergänzen. Die Kernbeiträge dieser Arbeit sind eine (1) umfassende Klassifizierung und ein detaillierter Blick auf manuelle Periphere Interaktion, namentlich Begreifbare Interaktion, Touch Eingabe und Freiraum Gestik. Basierend auf unseren Untersuchungen ziehen wir (2) Schlussfolgerungen, die den generellen Nutzen von Peripherer Interaktion darlegen und Bereiche wie die Erlernbarkeit und Gewöhnung, visuelle und mentale Aufmerksamkeit, Feedback so wie Händigkeit beleuchten um zukünftige Projekte im Bereich der Peripheren Interaktion zu unterstützen. Aufbauend auf den verschiedenen Nutzerstudien, diskutieren wir Evaluationsstrategien um den Entwicklungsprozess Peripherer Interaktion zu unterstützen.
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Burathoki, Tunna P. "China and peripheral conflicts." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Arts, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00002825/.
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[Abstract]: China’s enormous size and stature as a new hub of economic growth in tandem with its military modernisation make China a rising power. The strategic consequences of China’s economic growth synergised with its military muscles are multiple and profound, especially, for the neighbours in its conflict-prone periphery. The aim of this dissertation is not only to assess the importance and complexities of conflicts in the periphery of China, but also about the necessity for the neighbours to coexist with a more powerful China. At the same time, in the Chinese geopolitical context, domestic stability and hence, the CCP’s legitimacy has been perpetually paramount, and external threats or conflicts are usually perceived in the context of aggravating domestic and international stability, thereby hampering its strategic aim of achieving global economic command and power-projection military capability.With the dawn of 21st century, China is grooving to an exuberant global beat, the intensity of conflicts along China’s periphery has dimmed to such an extent that its political, economic, and social order will probably not disintegrate into chaos in the near future. Instead, China’s rapidly growing economic capacity and its soaring prestige in faraway capitals like Washington and Paris has meant an expansion of Chinese “soft power”, i.e., an assertive China with an ability to get what it wants by attracting and persuading others to adopt its goals, instead of blunt economic and military coercion. And, China could reasonably be expected to manage most, if not all, the conflicts in its periphery to its own advantage. These include: efforts to augment its military capabilities in a manner commensurate with its increased economic muscle and acquire new allies and underwrite the protection of others in its periphery. It is unlikely that the PRC will actually acquire new or reclaim old territory for China’s resources or for symbolic reasons by penalizing, if necessary, any opponents or bystanders who resist such claims. While it may wish to redress past wrongs it believes to have suffered; or attempt to rewrite the prevailing international “rules of game” to better reflect its own geostrategic interests; or in the most extreme policy choice, perhaps even ready itself for preventive war or to launch predatory attacks on its foes on the pretext of the “cult of defence,” – all of which have been seen as the bedrock of the contemporary China’s strategic culture, however, it is iiprobable that China will not pursue these at the cost of its future economic and/or social security agenda.
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Osman, Ayman. "Autophagy in Peripheral Neuropathy." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelning för neurobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142125.
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Peripheral neuropathy includes a wide range of diseases affecting millions around the world, and many of these diseases have unknown etiology. Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes represents a large proportion of peripheral neuropathies. Nerve damage can also be caused by trauma. Peripheral neuropathies are a significant clinical problem and efficient treatments are largely lacking. In the case of a transected nerve, different methods have been used to repair or reconstruct the nerve, including the use of nerve conduits, but functional recovery is usually poor. Autophagy, a cellular mechanism that recycles damaged proteins, is impaired in the brain in many neurodegenerative diseases affecting animals and humans. No research, however, has investigated the presence of autophagy in the human peripheral nervous system. In this study, I present the first structural evidence of autophagy in human peripheral nerves. I also show that the density of autophagy structures is higher in peripheral nerves of patients with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) and inflammatory neuropathy than in controls. The density of these structures increases with the severity of the neuropathy. In animal model, using Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with diabetes resembling human type 2 diabetes, activation of autophagy by local administration of rapamycin incorporated in collagen conduits that were used for reconnection of the transected sciatic nerve led to an increase in autophagy proteins LC3 and a decrease in p62 suggesting that the autophagic flux was activated. In addition, immunoreactivity of neurofilaments, which are parts of the cytoskeleton of axons, was increased indicating increased axonal regeneration. I also show that many proteins involved in axonal regeneration and cell survival were up-regulated by rapamycin in the injured sciatic nerve of GK rats four weeks after injury. Taken together, these findings provide new knowledge about the involvement of autophagy in neuropathy and after peripheral nerve injury and reconstruction using collagen conduits.
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Mathur, Ankit. "Peripheral ocular monochromatic aberrations." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30384/.
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Aberrations affect image quality of the eye away from the line of sight as well as along it. High amounts of lower order aberrations are found in the peripheral visual field and higher order aberrations change away from the centre of the visual field. Peripheral resolution is poorer than that in central vision, but peripheral vision is important for movement and detection tasks (for example driving) which are adversely affected by poor peripheral image quality. Any physiological process or intervention that affects axial image quality will affect peripheral image quality as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of accommodation, myopia, age, and refractive interventions of orthokeratology, laser in situ keratomileusis and intraocular lens implantation on the peripheral aberrations of the eye. This is the first systematic investigation of peripheral aberrations in a variety of subject groups. Peripheral aberrations can be measured either by rotating a measuring instrument relative to the eye or rotating the eye relative to the instrument. I used the latter as it is much easier to do. To rule out effects of eye rotation on peripheral aberrations, I investigated the effects of eye rotation on axial and peripheral cycloplegic refraction using an open field autorefractor. For axial refraction, the subjects fixated at a target straight ahead, while their heads were rotated by ±30º with a compensatory eye rotation to view the target. For peripheral refraction, the subjects rotated their eyes to fixate on targets out to ±34° along the horizontal visual field, followed by measurements in which they rotated their heads such that the eyes stayed in the primary position relative to the head while fixating at the peripheral targets. Oblique viewing did not affect axial or peripheral refraction. Therefore it is not critical, within the range of viewing angles studied, if axial and peripheral refractions are measured with rotation of the eye relative to the instrument or rotation of the instrument relative to the eye. Peripheral aberrations were measured using a commercial Hartmann-Shack aberrometer. A number of hardware and software changes were made. The 1.4 mm range limiting aperture was replaced by a larger aperture (2.5 mm) to ensure all the light from peripheral parts of the pupil reached the instrument detector even when aberrations were high such as those occur in peripheral vision. The power of the super luminescent diode source was increased to improve detection of spots passing through the peripheral pupil. A beam splitter was placed between the subjects and the aberrometer, through which they viewed an array of targets on a wall or projected on a screen in a 6 row x 7 column matrix of points covering a visual field of 42 x 32. In peripheral vision, the pupil of the eye appears elliptical rather than circular; data were analysed off-line using custom software to determine peripheral aberrations. All analyses in the study were conducted for 5.0 mm pupils. Influence of accommodation on peripheral aberrations was investigated in young emmetropic subjects by presenting fixation targets at 25 cm and 3 m (4.0 D and 0.3 D accommodative demands, respectively). Increase in accommodation did not affect the patterns of any aberrations across the field, but there was overall negative shift in spherical aberration across the visual field of 0.10 ± 0.01m. Subsequent studies were conducted with the targets at a 1.2 m distance. Young emmetropes, young myopes and older emmetropes exhibited similar patterns of astigmatism and coma across the visual field. However, the rate of change of coma across the field was higher in young myopes than young emmetropes and was highest in older emmetropes amongst the three groups. Spherical aberration showed an overall decrease in myopes and increase in older emmetropes across the field, as compared to young emmetropes. Orthokeratology, spherical IOL implantation and LASIK altered peripheral higher order aberrations considerably, especially spherical aberration. Spherical IOL implantation resulted in an overall increase in spherical aberration across the field. Orthokeratology and LASIK reversed the direction of change in coma across the field. Orthokeratology corrected peripheral relative hypermetropia through correcting myopia in the central visual field. Theoretical ray tracing demonstrated that changes in aberrations due to orthokeratology and LASIK can be explained by the induced changes in radius of curvature and asphericity of the cornea. This investigation has shown that peripheral aberrations can be measured with reasonable accuracy with eye rotation relative to the instrument. Peripheral aberrations are affected by accommodation, myopia, age, orthokeratology, spherical intraocular lens implantation and laser in situ keratomileusis. These factors affect the magnitudes and patterns of most aberrations considerably (especially coma and spherical aberration) across the studied visual field. The changes in aberrations across the field may influence peripheral detection and motion perception. However, further research is required to investigate how the changes in aberrations influence peripheral detection and motion perception and consequently peripheral vision task performance.
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Merriman, Carolyn. "Peripheral Vascular System (PVS)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8533.
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Gordienko, P. O. "Structure of peripheral nerves." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/53954.
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Introduction. The problem of a structure of peripheral nerves is one of the scientific directions in anatomy. The attention of scientists was drawn to this problem from 1912-1913 when doctrines about constancy of topography of bunches of nervous fibers in a nerve trunk moved forward. Further researches on a problem of a structure of peripheral nerves were directed to detection of regularities of the course of nervous conductors.
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Wilmshurst, Jo. "Peripheral neuropathies of childhood." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10746.
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Includes synopsis.Incldues bibliographical references (p. 195-220).
Peripheral nerve disease was described by Galen (AD 130-200) over a thousand years ago.(3) Detailed anatomical illustrations were documented by Andreas Vesalius in his major work 'De humani corporis fabrica' in 1543.(4) Over the last two centuries an explosion in knowledge in the area has occurred, with a further exponential increase in the last 20 years mostly related to understandings in the field of molecular genetics.(5) Although some degree of diagnostic closure was possible for a number of the hereditary peripheral neuropathies, this has not been the end point of knowledge but only the beginning.
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Teh, Hashim Haji Wan. "Peasants under peripheral capitalism." Bangi : Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25748506.html.
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Revision of the author's Thesis (doctoral)--University of Manchester, 1982."Issued under the auspices of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore." Includes bibliographical references (p. [199]-205).
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Mercadal, Cavaller Borja. "Electroporation and peripheral nerve stimulation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667854.
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This thesis aimed at addressing questions within the fields of electroporation and peripheral nerve stimulation and, in particular, those that arise from the interaction between the two phenomenona. On the one hand, electroporation can have various direct and indirect effects in the neuronal functions. This thesis investigates the possible role of electroporation in pulsed radiofrequency treatments for chronic pain. On the other hand, during electroporation based treatments, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves appears as an unwanted effect causing muscle contractions and acute pain. This thesis analyzes the rationale behind the use of bipolar pulses to mitigate this effect and the implications of such approach in irreversible electroporation treatments. In addition, this thesis provides a theoretical framework to explain a series of results that were in apparent contradiction with the common knowledge of the electroporation phenomenon. Finally, this thesis presents a neuromuscular model to study the recruitment patterns in intramuscular electrical stimulation.Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu resoldre qüestions en els camps de l’electroporació i l’estimulació dels nervis perifèrics, i sobretot, aquelles que es deriven de l’interacció entre els dos fenòmens. L’electroporació pot tenir diversos efectes directes o indirectes en les funcions neuronals. En aquesta tesi s’investiga el possible paper de l’electroporació en els tractaments de radiofreqüència polsada. D’altra banda, durant els tractaments basats en l’electroporació, l’estimulació elèctrica dels nervis perifèrics apareix com a efecte secundari causant contraccions musculars i dolor. En aquesta tesi s’analitza com l’ús de polsos bipolar pot mitigar aquests efectes i quines implicacions té aquesta estratègia en els tractaments d’electroporació irreversible. En aquesta tesi també es presenta un marc teòric per explicar una sèrie de resultats que entren en aparent contradicció amb els nostres coneixements sobre l’electroporació. Finalment, es presenta un model neuromuscular que permet estudiar la resposta d’un múscul quan és estimulat mitjançant elèctrodes intramusculars.
Books on the topic "Peripheral"
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Maitland, G. D. Peripheral manipulation. 3rd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.
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Liu, Ningfei, ed. Peripheral Lymphedema. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3484-0.
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Bakker, Saskia, Doris Hausen, and Ted Selker, eds. Peripheral Interaction. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29523-7.
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Heldman, Bruce R. Peripheral visions. Rocky Mount, NC: New Moon Pub., 1995.
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1927-, Dyck Peter James, ed. Peripheral neuropathy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1993.
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Corporation, Intel. Peripheral components. Santa Clara, Calif: Intel Corporation, 1992.
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National Housing and Town Planning Council., ed. Peripheral estates. London: National Housing and Town Planning Council, 1987.
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Gamalinda, Eric. Peripheral vision. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1992.
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Corporation, Intel. Peripheral components. Mt. Prospect, IL: Intel Corporation, 1993.
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Fowler, Karen Joy. Peripheral vision. Eugene, OR: Pulphouse, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Peripheral"
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Weik, Martin H. "peripheral." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1248. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_13822.
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Sherman, Jerome, Gulshan Karamchandani, William Jones, Sanjeev Nath, and Lawrence Yannuzzi. "Peripheral." In Panoramic Ophthalmoscopy, 209–19. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003525530-10.
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Gill, Kook-Hee, and George Tsoulas. "Peripheral Effects without Peripheral Syntax: The Left Periphery in Korean." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 121–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-1910-6_5.
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Dunne, Fergus. "Centrally Peripheral, Peripherally Central." In A Critical Reappraisal of the Writings of Francis Sylvester Mahony, 25–48. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429439988-2.
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"Peripheral." In Specialty Imaging: HRCT of the Lung, 55. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-52477-3.50032-9.
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Klein, Alexander, Max-Stephan Schulze, and Tamás Vonyó. "How Peripheral was the Periphery?" In The Spread of Modern Industry to the Periphery since 1871, 63–90. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753643.003.0004.
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"Chapter 5 The Quest for Security." In Peripheral Vision, 123–45. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781782380245-008.
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"Frontmatter." In Peripheral Vision, i—vi. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781782380245-fm.
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"Chapter 3 Policy-Making: Successes, Failures, Contradictions." In Peripheral Vision, 76–103. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781782380245-006.
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"Chapter 1 From Dictatorship to Democracy." In Peripheral Vision, 20–41. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781782380245-004.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Peripheral"
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Joyner, David A. "Peripheral and Semi-Peripheral Community." In L@S '20: Seventh (2020) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3386527.3406736.
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Nagy, Allen L., and Jeffrey Doyal. "Rod contributions to peripheral red–green color discrimination." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.thoo3.
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We have compared color discrimination thresholds for long-wavelength spectral lights presented to the fovea and to the peripheral retina. Results obtained in the fovea are similar to those obtained by other investigators. Threshold increases as the test wavelength is increased. The slope of the threshold-versus-wavelength function decreases as the stimulus field is moved further into the periphery. Peripheral thresholds are significantly higher on a blue background bright enough to desensitize rods, but they are not bright enough to raise foveal thresholds, suggesting that rod signals contribute to the peripheral thresholds. However, the shapes of the threshold-versus-wavelength functions obtained on the background differ in the fovea and the periphery, suggesting that differences between foveal and peripheral functions are not produced entirely by rods. Foveal and peripheral functions are similar in shape if the peripheral thresholds are obtained with a larger test field.
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Hausen, Doris, Sebastian Loehmann, and Marie Lehmann. "Everyday peripheral tasks vs. digital peripheral tasks." In CHI '14: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2581271.
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MEÇOLLARI, Ema. "The peripheral areas, a new classification for Tirana." In ISSUES OF HOUSING, PLANNING, AND RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY Towards Euro-Mediterranean Perspectives. POLIS PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000113.
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The peripheral areas of Tirana have witnessed a significant development in recent years, reflecting the rapid urbanisation of the city and population growth. The expansion of the city, especially after the 1990s, combined with insufficient legislation to regulate territorial growth, has led to the emergence of informal settlements on the outskirts of Tirana. Consequently, a double city has been formed, with differences between the center and the periphery in terms of urban structures, types of development, resident population, etc. Despite this, it should be noted that the peripheral regions are closely connected to Tirana and are considered an important part of the city's urban structure. Since the suburbs are not separated from the core of the city, it is difficult to tell where they begin and end. Therefore the exact definition of a suburb still remains a question: what exactly constitutes a suburb and how does it differ from the city center in terms of characteristics? This study aims to redefine the concept of the periphery based on different theoretical frameworks and identify the peripheral areas of Tirana through a Geographic Information System (GIS) anal- ysis to determine their distinctive features. By explaining the concept of the periphery, this thesis presents a comprehensive and detailed un- derstanding of the periphery and related terms. Also, the thesis presents an innovative approach by developing an integrated matrix of indicators that will be integrated into the GIS system, serv- ing as a tool for similar studies in Albania. The objective of the study is to provide guidance to planning institutions and stakeholders, wheth- er public or private, to identify peripheral areas and implement appropriate policies and strategies for their sustainable development.
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Cannon, Mark W. "Contrast perception in the peripheral visual field." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.wj41.
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Peripheral contrast thresholds have been measured in many stimulus conditions, and the effect of the cortical magnification factor on sine wave grating detection thresholds is well known. Very little, however, has been done to determine the behavior of suprathreshold contrast perception in the periphery. In the experiments described here, perceived contrast functions were determined for 2° sine wave grating patches of 2,4, 8, and 16 cycles-/deg at the fovea and at four peripheral locations using the method of magnitude estimation. The peripheral locations were distributed over the range of eccentricities for which each stimulus was visible (e.g., 0-40° at 4 cycles/deg and 0-10° at 16 cycles/deg). Experimental results demonstrate two main points: (1) When perceived contrast values at a given spatial frequency are combined across eccentricities, the data are well fitted (R2 ≃ 0.9) by a single power function of contrast minus threshold with an exponent near 0.5. This same equation describes the data, at all spatial frequencies studied, implying that similar mechanisms mediate contrast perception in fovea and periphery at both low and high spatial frequencies. (2) While suprathreshold behavior of the 2° grating patches remains remarkably uniform in the fovea and periphery, thresholds increase dramatically with eccentricity. This implies that contrast perception and contrast detection may be mediated by different mechanisms.
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Gutwin, Carl, Andy Cockburn, and Ashley Coveney. "Peripheral Popout." In CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025984.
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Bakker, Saskia, Doris Hausen, Ted Selker, Elise van den Hoven, Andreas Butz, and Berry Eggen. "Peripheral interaction." In CHI '14: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2560470.
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Hausen, Doris. "Peripheral interaction." In TEI'12: Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2148131.2148227.
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Yamada, Seiji, Naoki Mori, and Kazuki Kobayashi. "Peripheral agent." In CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468661.
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Chaturvedi, Isha, Farshid Hassani Bijarbooneh, Tristan Braud, and Pan Hui. "Peripheral vision." In IUI '19: 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3301275.3302263.
Full textReports on the topic "Peripheral"
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Figliola, Mary C. Peripheral Opioid Analgesia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012136.
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Christensen, Julien M., Robert D. O'Donnell, Clark A. Shingledecker, Conrad L. Kraft, and Gary Williamson. Optimization of Peripheral Vision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada182438.
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Soenko, Yevgeny. TYPOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL VISION. Intellectual Archive, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2331.
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The research is based on the statement that retina produces the proper level of electrical activity, sourcing visual system. I started the research with partial darkening of different parts of the visual fields of humans to register possible psychological and physiological changes. The tested showed dramatically increasing variability and number of changes within just four exact types of darkening. More, emotional and physiological aspects of those changes were polarized into general acceptance and general rejection of a certain type of darkening in most of the individual tests. Thus the tested formed two opposite groups within every one of those types of darkening: a group with general negative reactions and a group with general positive ones. Further, those types of darkening turned out combined in pairs. General tune of reactions of most of the tested changed to strictly reverse within a pair of upper-lower types of darkening of peripheral vision and outer-inner ones as well. Between the pairs of types of darkening, there was no correspondence. The tested showed stability of their reactions during at least several months. Thus I may state a possibility of existence in the visual system of humans of two independent neuropsychological structures both having two alternative modes of functioning with a stable preference of just one of them in every individual case. If it is true, there may be a vision-based typology.
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Redmond, Robert W., Jonathan M. Winograd, and Mark E. Fleming. Large Extremity Peripheral Nerve Repair. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612661.
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Winograd, Jonathan M., Mark E. Fleming, and Robert W. Redmond. Large Extremity Peripheral Nerve Repair. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613764.
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Fleming, Mark E., Robert W. Redmond, and Jonathan M. Winograd. Large Extremity Peripheral Nerve Repair. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613794.
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Redmond, Robert W., Jonathan M. Winograd, and Mark E. Fleming. Large Extremity Peripheral Nerve Repair. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597791.
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Fleming, Mark E., Robert W. Redmond, and Jonathan M. Winograd. Large Extremity Peripheral Nerve Repair. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597868.
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Winograd, Jonathan M. Large Extremity Peripheral Nerve Repair. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597944.
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Wei, Wei-Zen. DNA Vaccination to Overcome Peripheral Tolerance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428423.
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