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Almerich-Silla, Jose Manuel, Jose María Montiel-Company, Sara Pastor, Felipe Serrano, Miriam Puig-Silla, and Francisco Dasí. "Oxidative Stress Parameters in Saliva and Its Association with Periodontal Disease and Types of Bacteria." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/653537.
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Objective. To determine the association between oxidative stress parameters with periodontal disease, bleeding, and the presence of different periodontal bacteria.Methods. A cross-sectional study in a sample of eighty-six patients, divided into three groups depending on their periodontal status. Thirty-three with chronic periodontitis, sixteen with gingivitis, and thirty-seven with periodontal healthy as control. Oxidative stress biomarkers (8-OHdG and MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and the activity of two antioxidant enzymes (GPx and SOD) were determined in saliva. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the deepest periodontal pocket and PCR was used to determine the presence of the 6 fimA genotypes ofPorphyromonas gingivalis,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,Tannerella forsythia, andTreponema denticola.Results. Periodontal disease was found to be associated with increased oxidative stress parameter levels. These levels rose according to the number and type of different periodontal bacteria found in the periodontal pockets. The presence of different types of periodontal bacteria is predictive independent variables in linear regresion models of oxidative stress parameters as dependent variable, above all 8-OHdG.Conclusions. Oxidative stress parameter levels are correlated with the presence of different types of bacteria. Determination of these levels and periodontal bacteria could be a potent tool for controlling periodontal disease development.
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Крайнов, Сергей, Sergey Kraynov, Валерий Михальченко, Valeriy Mihal'chenko, Анатолий Яковлев, Anatoliy Yakovlev, Александра Попова, Aleksandra Popova, Ирина Алеханова, and Irina Alehanova. "DEPTH OF THE PERIODONTAL POCKETS" OR "ATTACHMENT LOSS'', WHICH PARAMETER TO SELECT IN GERONTOSTOMATOLOGY?" Actual problems in dentistry 13, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2017-13-4-9-14.
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Background. The article shows the relevance of gerontostomatology, which associate with numerous features of epidemiology, clinical currents and treatment of oral diseases and the need for other approaches to diagnostic events. For the first time, the question of the consistency of the parameter of the depth of the periodontal pocket in assessing the degree of severity of generalized parodontitis in the elderly is raised and also provides a justification for choosing an «attachment loss-AL» indicator, as an alternative to the above criterion. The generalization of the literature data on histoarchitectonics of the periodontal complex, and its effect on the objectivity of instrumental examination, and confonderers in the gerontoparodontological practice. The authors give recommendations on the methodology of sounding packets, as well as correct interpretation of the data with the aim of correctly diagnosing and selecting a valid treatment tactic, including in group examinations. objectives. To optimize the periodontal probing and examination of elderly patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Methods. 113 elderly patients with chronic generalized periodontitis were examined, using such parameters (determining the damage level of periodontal apparatus) as «depth of the periodontal pockets», «the attachment loss (AL)», «the average depth of the periodontal pockets», «the average AL», «the average max depth of the periodontal pockets», «the average max AL». results. The least measure was «the average depth of the periodontal pockets» (3,52±0,13 mm); «the average max depth of the periodontal pockets» was 4,78±0,17 mm; «the average AL» was more than «the average depth of the periodontal pockets», but it was less than «the average max depth of the periodontal pockets» and «the average max AL» (p<0,05). The most measure was «the average max AL» (5,6±0,19 mm). Conclusions. The most accurate measure was the average AL, which determining the true damage level of periodontal apparatus, taking into account such factors as gingival recession, or gingival hypertrophy.
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Hardan, Louis, Rim Bourgi, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Maythé Flores-Rodríguez, Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias, Marco Nicastro, Florin Lazarescu, et al. "The Use of Probiotics as Adjuvant Therapy of Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051017.
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For many years, the use of probiotics in periodontitis treatment was reflected in their abilities to control the immune response of the host to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and to upset periodontopathogens. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy on clinical periodontal parameters throughout a systematic review and meta-analysis. The literature was screened, up to 4 June 2021, by two independent reviewers (L.H. and R.B.) in four electronic databases: PubMed (MedLine), ISI Web of Science, Scielo, and Scopus. Only clinical trials that report the effect of the use of probiotics as adjuvants in the treatment of periodontal disease were included. Comparisons were carried out using Review Manager Software version 5.3.5 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). A total of 21 studies were considered for the meta-analysis. For the index plaque, the use of probiotics did not improve this clinical parameter (p = 0.16). On the other hand, for the periodontal pocket depth, the clinical attachment loss, the bleeding on probing, and the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy resulted in an improvement of these parameters, since the control group achieved statistically higher values of this parameter (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; and p = 0.005, respectively). This study suggests that the use of probiotics led to an improvement in periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing parameters. On the other hand, this protocol seems to not be beneficial for the index plaque parameter.
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Tabe, Shinichi, Yohei Nakayama, Ryoki Kobayashi, Kstsunori Oyama, Daisuke Kitano, Jun Ogihara, Hidenobu Senpuku, and Yorimasa Ogata. "Association between Dietary Habit and Clinical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Undergoing Supportive Periodontal Therapy." Nutrients 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 4993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14234993.
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The recurrence risk evaluation has been emphasized in periodontal stabilization during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). However, nutritional factors, e.g., dietary habits such as the frequency of eating vegetables, are rarely included in the evaluation. In this study, the effect of nutritional factors on clinical periodontal parameters was examined in a lifestyle-related investigation and a periodontal examination in patients with periodontitis undergoing SPT. A total of 106 patients were recruited. Tendencies toward a negative correlation were found between rate of a probing depth (PD) of 4–5 mm, rate of PD ≥ 6 mm, the bleeding on probing (BOP) rate, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), and various nutritional factors. The number of teeth was a clinical parameter with a significantly high R2 (≥0.10) influenced by environmental factors, whereas PD, PD of 4–5 mm, the BOP rate, and PISA were influenced by nutritional factors. These results suggested that environmental factors reflected clinical parameters showing long-term pathophysiology, such as the PD rate. Nutritional factors tended to affect the current inflammatory pathophysiology, such as the BOP rate, PISA, and PISA/periodontal epithelial surface area. Therefore, environmental and nutritional factors appear to be useful for evaluating the risk of periodontitis during SPT.
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Muhammed, Suzan, Najla Kadhim, and Saeed Ali. "The Effect of Zingiber, Alpinia Officinarum with Periodontal Therapy on Clinical Outcome and Oxidative Stress." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.6.4.
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Many popular mouthwashes containing herbal products have helped to control dental plaque and gingivitis; however, they are used for a short time and only as an adjunct to other oral hygiene measures such as brushing and flossing. Recently, herbs such as Zingiber ginger and Alpinia officinarum, with antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties apart from being cheap and safe, have been used as plant extracts in mouthwashes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of both herbal mouthwashes and periodontal therapy on oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the saliva of patients with periodontitis as well as to investigate the association between oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity, and periodontal parameters. 72 patients were selected using random sampling and divided into three categories. Each category consisted of 24 patients: the first group received non-surgical periodontal treatment and Zingiber ginger mouthwash, the second group received Alpine officinarum and non-surgical periodontal therapy, while the third control group received non-surgical periodontal therapy only. Periodontal parameters (Clinical Attachment Loss and Plaque Index) were recorded by a calibrated periodontal probe (William probe). Salivary oxidative stress (eight hydroxy deoxyguanosine) was measured by ELISA, and catalase and total antioxidant capacity were measured using a spectrophotometer. The concentration of salivary antioxidants significantly increased, and the periodontal parameter and eight hydroxy deoxyguanosine significantly decreased after two weeks. The p-value in the ginger group was (P < 0.0001). For the alpine officinarum group, the clinical parameters showed a significant decrease, and the p-value was (P < 0.0001). While catalase displayed a significant increase (P < 0.0001), the eight hydroxy deoxyguanosine markers showed a significant decrease (P < 0.02). Zingiber ginger and Alpine officinarum mouthwashes, in addition to periodontal therapy, can be effective in controlling inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, and improving dental health in patients with chronic periodontitis. Mostly positive associations were detected among clinical and biochemical parameters.
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Kobayashi, Hiroshi, Makoto Hayashi, Masaru Yamaoka, Takuya Yasukawa, Haruna Ibi, and Bunnai Ogiso. "Evaluation of Qualitative Changes in Simulated Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone Using a Noncontact Electromagnetic Vibration Device with a Laser Displacement Sensor." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9636513.
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Evaluating periodontal tissue condition is an important diagnostic parameter in periodontal disease. Noncontact electromagnetic vibration device (NEVD) was previously developed to monitor this condition using mechanical parameters. However, this system requires accelerometer on the target tooth. This study assessed application of laser displacement sensor (LDS) to NEVD without accelerometer using experimental tooth models. Tooth models consisted of cylindrical rod, a tissue conditioner, and polyurethane or polyurethane foam to simulate tooth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, respectively. Tissue conditioner was prepared by mixing various volumes of liquid with powder. Mechanical parameters (resonant frequency, elastic modulus, and coefficient of viscosity) were assessed using NEVD with the following methods: Group A, measurement with accelerometer; Group B, measurement with LDS in the presence of accelerometer; and Group C, measurement with LDS in the absence of accelerometer. Mechanical parameters significantly decreased with increasing liquid volume. Significant differences were also observed between the polyurethane and polyurethane foam models. Meanwhile, no statistically significant differences were observed between Groups A and B; however, most mechanical parameters in Group C were significantly larger and more distinguishable than those of Groups A and B. LDS could measure mechanical parameters more accurately and clearly distinguished the different periodontal ligament and alveolar bone conditions.
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Theodoridis, Charis, Anastasia Violesti, Maria Nikiforidou, Georgios C. Menexes, and Ioannis D. Vouros. "Short-Term Impact of Non-Surgical and Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in a Greek Population—A Prospective Cohort Study." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8020054.
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While periodontitis deteriorates patients’ quality of life, non-surgical periodontal treatment seems to offer an improvement. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) utilizing patient-centered assessments and surrogate clinical measurements in Greek adults. Eighty-three individuals with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. Assessment of OHRQoL with the use of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire in conjunction with clinical measurements of pocket probing depth (PPD), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed at baseline (t0), after non-surgical therapy (t1) and after periodontal surgery (t2). A statistically significant reduction of OHIP-14 score was recorded at t1 and t2 examination compared to baseline (p < 0.001) and a statistically significant improvement in all clinical parameter at all time points was recorded (p < 0.05). No correlation between the clinical parameters and the total score of OHIP-14 was recorded at any time point. Non-surgical periodontal treatment seemed to improve OHRQoL in terms of OHIP-14 scores, whilst supplementary surgical periodontal therapy did not offer any additional benefit. No correlation was found between patients’ perception of quality of life expressed by OHIP-14 score and the surrogate clinical parameters.
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Souza, Sérgio Luís Scombatti de, and Mario Taba Jr. "Cross-sectional evaluation of clinical parameters to select high prevalence populations for periodontal disease: the site comparative severity methodology." Brazilian Dental Journal 15, no. 1 (2004): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402004000100009.
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Epidemiological studies have shown strong evidence that periodontal disease does not affect all subjects in the same manner. There are subjects and sites with higher risk for disease progression. This study tested parameters to select "a priori" sites and subjects potentially at risk. The data from periodontal clinical examinations of 2273 subjects was used. The clinical loss of attachment was measured in 6 sites per tooth. Using computer software, the patients were distributed into 14 age groups, with intervals of 5 years, from 11 years to greater than 75 years of age. The measure of each site was compared with the average and the median values of the subject age group, with the results indicating site comparative severity (SCS). Three global parameters were calculated: parameter 1 (P1) - percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss > 4 mm; parameter 2 (P2) - percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss > 7 mm; parameter 3 (P3) - percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss surpassing the median value for the age group by 100% or more. There were 1466 (65%) females and 807 (35%) males. Most subjects had P1, P2 and P3 values less than 30%. Parameter 3 allowed a division of the sample similar to that of Parameters 1 and 2, with the advantage of analyzing the subject in relation to his/her age group. It was suggested that the methodology of SCS is useful for selecting a population with a high disease prevalence, and that cut-off lines between 10% and 20% would be appropriate for using Parameter 3.
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Schulze, Antina, and Martin Busse. "Gender Differences in Periodontal Status and Oral Hygiene of Non-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Patients." Open Dentistry Journal 10, no. 1 (June 9, 2016): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601610010287.
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Background: This study investigated gender dependent differences by the comparison of periodontal status and oral hygiene between diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects. Methods: 517 mostly obese subjects (171 non-diabetic, 205 type 2 diabetic with oral and 141 with insulin therapy; mean: 59 years) completed an oral hygiene questionnaire and had a clinical examination, including periodontal screening and recording (PSR), percentage of bleeding teeth (PBT), probing pocket depth (PD), gingivitis index (GI), and number of teeth (Tn). Main parameters were “periodontitis” and “oral hygiene behaviour”, each defined by 5 sub-parameters. For a comparison of all results, each sub-parameter was set 0.2. The “low performance index“ (LoP) was the sum of significantly worse sub-parameters in the compared groups (maximum of low performing = 1.0). Results: Gender comparison: In non-diabetic and diabetic patients with oral medication, males performed worse (LoP: periodontitis 0.6 - 0.8; oral hygiene 0.4 - 0.6). The male insulin group performed worse oral hygiene (LoP: 0.4) than females with insulin therapy, whereas the periodontal status showed no difference. Diabetic and non-diabetic groups: Females: Diabetic groups performed worse than non-diabetics (LoP: periodontitis 0.2 - 1.0; oral hygiene 0.4). Insulin patients had worse periodontal status and showed no difference in oral hygiene when compared to diabetic patients with oral medication (LoP: 0.2). Males: Diabetic group with oral medication had worse periodontal status than non-diabetics (LoP: 0.6). Conclusions: The periodontal status was mainly due to oral hygiene behaviour, which was worse in men. Apparently behaviour and not diabetes is the major determinant of periodontitis. Men apparently need much more advise than women.
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Yanko, Nataliia V., Lyudmyla F. Kaskova, Olga O. Kulai, Olena V. Khmil, and Svitlana Ch Novikova. "NEUTROPHIL ACTIVITIES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS DEPENDING ON PERIODONTAL STATE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 11 (2022): 2826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202211217.
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The aim: To estimate the neutrophil activities in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) depending on periodontal state. Materials and methods: A total of 93 individuals aged 12-16 years, including 62 T1DM patients and 31 healthy (H) controls, were included. Both groups were categorized into subgroups depending on their periodontal state. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils (PAN) the index of neutrophil activation (INA), and the percent of formazan-active neutrophils were evaluated using the spontaneous and the induced nitroblue tetrazolium (sNBT and iNBT) tests into oral rinses. Results: PAN was significantly higher in the healthy (H) controls with gingivitis compared with the individuals with gingival health (p < 0.0001). This parameter decreased significantly in the T1DM subjects, especially with periodontitis, compared with the H controls (p < 0.0001). The percent of formazan-active neutrophils and INA in the sNBT test increased in the T1DM patients with gingival health and continued to raise as periodontal state of adolescents with T1DM worsened (p<0.0001). The parameters of the iNBT test in the T1DM adolescents decreased with the periodontal disease development (p < 0.0001) that may demonstrate that superoxide production exhausts in diabetes, especially associated with periodontal disease. Conclusions: The sNBT test in studied adolescents showed that both periodontal disease and T1DM increase the rate of activated neutrophils (p<0,05).
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Gunupati, Sumanth, Hasya Sappiti, Sreenivas Nagarakanti, BV Ramesh Reddy, and Vijay Kumar Chava. "Validating gingival surface temperature as an alternative tool in the diagnosis of periodontal disease activity: An observational clinical trial." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 13, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.019.
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Background. Elevated temperature has been recognized as an inflammatory sign. It is the only indication that can be both objectively and quantitatively evaluated and is considered as a potential indicator of periodontal disease. Assessing gingival surface temperature (GST) could be a diagnostic parameter to determine periodontal health. This pilot clinical study aimed to validate gingival surface temperature (GST) as a clinical diagnostic tool to measure periodontal disease activity by correlating with the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). Methods. A cross-sectional mono-center pilot study was conducted with a convenient sample of 50 participants with a mean age of 34.14±13.7 years. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD) clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. GST was recorded with a single lead of the bedside patient monitor and correlated with PISA. Results. The results showed a positive correlation between PISA and GST (P=0.46). Conclusion. This study showed a rise in GST of inflamed sites, but the results did not support the hypothesis that increased GST is an indicator of periodontal disease. As this is a pilot study, further studies with more larger sample sizes need to be undertaken to confirm its use as a diagnostic tool in clinical trials.
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Shimizu, Eiju, Tetsuo Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Wakabayashi, Koji Yamauchi, Keiji Iwatsuki, and Hiromasa Yoshie. "Effects of Orally Administered Lactoferrin and Lactoperoxidase-Containing Tablets on Clinical and Bacteriological Profiles in Chronic Periodontitis Patients." International Journal of Dentistry 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/405139.
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This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of oral administration of lactoferrin (LF) and lactoperoxidase-(LPO-)containing tablet on periodontal condition. Seventy-two individuals with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to take either bovine LF and LPO-containing tablets (test group,n=37) or control tablets (control group,n=35) every day for 12 weeks. Periodontal parameters and levels of subgingival plaque bacteria, human and bovine LF, and endotoxin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were evaluated at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Significant differences were observed in GCF levels of bovine LF between the test and control groups throughout the study (P<.05). However, clinical and bacteriological parameter values proved comparable between the two groups at 1 week to 12 weeks. Therefore, the effect of oral administration of LF and LPO-containing tablets might be weak on periodontal and bacteriological profile in this study.
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Schrodi, Janet, Luisa Recio, Joseph Fiorellini, Howard Howell, Max Goodson, and Nadeem Karimbux. "The Effect of Aspirin on the Periodontal Parameter Bleeding on Probing." Journal of Periodontology 73, no. 8 (August 2002): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2002.73.8.871.
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Choi, Jin-Sun. "Has the Health Insurance Coverage of Scaling Contributed Positively to Periodontal Health in Korea?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 8537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228537.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the health insurance coverage of dental scaling (introduced in 2013) using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs parameter among Korean adults aged 20 years or older. We used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from before and after 2013 to analyze the statistical significance and associations of the covariates with the prevalence of healthy periodontal tissues, prevalence of people in need of scaling, and prevalence of periodontal diseases. The results showed that the prevalence of healthy periodontal tissues increased by 4.9% (from 34.2% to 39.1%), the number of people in need of scaling decreased by 5% (from 65.9% to 60.9%), and the prevalence of periodontal diseases increased by 7.2% (from 23.4% to 30.6%). Moreover, after the scaling coverage policy, the odds ratio of the prevalence of healthy periodontal tissues was 1.10 times higher, the prevalence of the need for scaling was 1.5 times higher, and the prevalence of periodontal diseases was 0.90 times lower. Therefore, the state should formulate policies that provide dental biofilm management through a disclosing agent, impart education about oral hygiene, and develop a health management system that enables the concurrent management of periodontal diseases and systemic diseases.
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Widhani, Farisa D. P., Isniya Nosartika, Ira A. Kusuma, and Yoghi B. Prabowo. "Relationship between Knowledge of Periodontal Disease and Gingival Melanin Pigmentation and Smoking Behavior." e-GiGi 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/eg.v10i1.37333.
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Abstract: Tobacco use in Indonesia is still relatively high among teenagers-adults or the average of university students. There is a relationship between smoking and periodontal tissue parameters as well as gingival melanin pigmentation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the knowledge of periodontal disease and gingival melanin pigmentation and smoking behavior among college students. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross-sectional study design. Samples were 108 undergraduates of Diponegoro University batch 2018-2020 who met the inclusion criteria, obtained by using purposive sampling and non-probability sampling techniques. Data were collected by using an online questionnaire through the Google platform regarding the knowledge of periodontal disease and gingival melanin pigmentation on smoking behavior. The data were analyzed by using the Spearman Rank Correlation Test. The results showed that the students’ knowledge about periodontal disease and gingival melanin pigmentation was in a good category, meanwhile students’ smoking behavior was in the moderate smoker category. The Spearman Rank correlation test showed no significant correlation between knowledge of periodontal disease and gingival melanin pigmentation with smoking behavior (p=0.403). In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between the knowledge of periodontal disease and gingival melanin pigmentation and smoking behavior.Keywords: knowledge; behavior; smoking; periodontal disease; gingival melanin pigmentation Abstrak: Penggunaan tembakau di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi di kalangan usia remaja-dewasa atau rata-rata usia mahasiswa. Terdapat keterkaitan antara merokok dengan parameter jaringan periodontal dan perubahan pigmentasi melanin gingiva. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan penyakit periodontal dan pigmentasi melanin gingiva dengan perilaku merokok mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah 108 mahasiswa Strata 1 Universitas Diponegoro angkatan 2018-2020 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diperoleh dengan teknik sampel purposive sampling dan teknik pengambilan sampel non-probability. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner online melalui platform Google form tentang pengetahuan penyakit periodontal dan pigmentasi melanin gingiva terhadap perilaku merokok. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman rank dengan menggunakan aplikasi statistik SPSS. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan tingkat pengetahuan penyakit periodontal dan pigmentasi melanin gingiva mahasiswa dalam kategori baik, dan untuk perilaku merokok mahasiswa termasuk dalam kategori perokok sedang. Uji korelasi Spearman rank menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan penyakit periodontal dan pigmentasi melanin gingiva dengan perilaku merokok (p=0,403). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan penyakit periodontal dan pigmentasi melanin gingiva dengan perilaku merokok pada mahasiswa Strata 1 Universitas Diponegoro.Kata kunci: pengetahuan; perilaku; merokok; penyakit periodontal; pigmentasi melanin gingiva
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Hagh, Leila Golpasand, Hojatollah Youseimanesh, Fatemmeh Mohammadi, and Akram Ahangarpour. "Evaluation of Nonsurgical Treatment Effects on Salivary Melatonin Level in Periodontal Disease: A Radioimmunoassay Study." World Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 4 (2013): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1235.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory infection in which tissue destruction is associated with an imbalance between oxidant-antioxidant systems. Melatonin is an antioxidant biomarker that has an antioxidant action. Nonsurgical treatment is one periodontal treatment method that affects etiologic factors. This study investigated salivary melatonin concentration and its changes following nonsurgical treatment in periodontal disease. Materials and methods This study is a case control one where the study groups included 45 patients with periodontal disease and 15 healthy subjects selected as controls. Unstimulated saliva was collected before and after scaling and root planing. Sample was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. In order to analyze the data t-test, ANOVA was used. The p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Melatonin was detected in study group before nonsurgical treatment. Salivary melatonin levels in the severe periodontitis group were significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). The melatonin changes were statistically significant between the groups of patients after intervention. The significant correlation between salivary melatonin with the clinical parameter was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion Nonsurgical treatments improve clinical parameters. Salivary melatonin level has correlation with changes in clinical parameters. The melatonin production after nonsurgical treatment had correlation with severity of disease. How to cite this article Hagh LG, Yousefimanesh H, Mohammadi F, Ahangarpour A. Evaluation of Nonsurgical Treatment Effects on Salivary Melatonin Level in Periodontal Disease: A Radioimmunoassay Study. World J Dent 2013;4(4):217-223.
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Joss, Andreas, Rolf Adler, and Niklaus P. Lang. "Bleeding on probing. A parameter for monitoring periodontal conditions in clinical practice." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 21, no. 6 (July 1994): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1994.tb00737.x.
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Kawai, Mariko Yamamoto, Ryosuke Ozasa, Takuya Ishimoto, Takayoshi Nakano, Hiromitsu Yamamoto, Marina Kashiwagi, Shigeki Yamanaka, et al. "Periodontal Tissue as a Biomaterial for Hard-Tissue Regeneration following bmp-2 Gene Transfer." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030993.
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The application of periodontal tissue in regenerative medicine has gained increasing interest since it has a high potential to induce hard-tissue regeneration, and is easy to handle and graft to other areas of the oral cavity or tissues. Additionally, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has a high potential to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic cells. We previously developed a system for a gene transfer to the periodontal tissues in animal models. In this study, we aimed to reveal the potential and efficiency of periodontal tissue as a biomaterial for hard-tissue regeneration following a bmp-2 gene transfer. A non-viral expression vector carrying bmp-2 was injected into the palate of the periodontal tissues of Wistar rats, followed by electroporation. The periodontal tissues were analyzed through bone morphometric analyses, including mineral apposition rate (MAR) determination and collagen micro-arrangement, which is a bone quality parameter, before and after a gene transfer. The MAR was significantly higher 3–6 d after the gene transfer than that before the gene transfer. Collagen orientation was normally maintained even after the bmp-2 gene transfer, suggesting that the bmp-2 gene transfer has no adverse effects on bone quality. Our results suggest that periodontal tissue electroporated with bmp-2 could be a novel biomaterial candidate for hard-tissue regeneration therapy.
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Tripathi, Pratiksha, Komal Puri, Ashish Kumar, Manish Khatri, Mansi Bansal, and Mohd Rehan. "Comparison of two different probing systems for evaluation of bleeding on probing (BOP)." IP International Journal of Periodontology and Implantology 6, no. 3 (October 15, 2021): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpi.2021.026.
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: Bleeding on probing (BOP) is the best documented parameter in the monitoring of periodontal health and inflammation of the gingival tissues. It is measured as bleeding provoked by applying a probe to the bottom of a sulcus/pocket. Since BoP may be provoked by trauma to the tissues using a periodontal probe hence, probing pressure can be considered as an important factor in the assessment of bleeding on probing. The purpose of the study was to evaluate bleeding on probing by conventional probe and pressure sensitive probe. : 50 subjects (1400 sites) in this split mouth study were evaluated for bleeding on probing by using a conventional periodontal probe and a manual pressure sensitive probe. Gingival Bleeding Index (Ainamo and Bay 1975) was used in the study for assessment of BOP. : More bleeding sites were found in the quadrant associated with the conventional probe as compared to the sites associated with pressure sensitive probe. : Amount of pressure applied during probing can be a significant factor in assessment the periodontal disease activity.
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Huang, Huixiang, Wencheng Tang, Qiyan Tan, and Bin Yan. "Development and parameter identification of a visco-hyperelastic model for the periodontal ligament." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 68 (April 2017): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.035.
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AlJasser, Reham, Razan AlAqeely, Afnan AlZahrani, Manal AlKenani, Sadeem AlQahtani, Mohammed AlSarhan, Dalal AlOtaibi, and Rhodanne Lambarte. "Antimicrobial Effect of Isotretinoin Therapy on Periodontal Pathogens: A Case-Control Study." Antibiotics 10, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111286.
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Isotretinoin (INN), a drug used to treat severe acne, has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. INN may affect periodontal pathogenic bacteria, so we aimed to study the effect of INN on intraoral microbial profiles of periodontal disease and healthy periodontium. Our case-control study divided 180 subjects into six groups according to periodontal health status and INN usage as follows: healthy periodontium receiving INN (HINN; n = 30); those with generalized plaque-induced gingivitis receiving INN (GINN; n = 30); and those with stage I generalized periodontitis receiving INN (PINN; n = 30). Subjects not taking INN, were categorized in the same manner: those with a healthy periodontium (HC; n = 30); those with generalized plaque-induced gingivitis (GC; n = 30); and those with generalized periodontitis stage I (PC; n = 30). Plaque samples were collected to determine the prevalence of four periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) in each study group using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software, and multiple regression analysis was performed for each parameter tested in each group at a significance level of 0.05. All INN groups showed significantly lower levels of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola and higher levels of F. nucleatum (p < 0.001). INN had an observable antimicrobial effect on the periodontal pathogen count in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. INN may have a potential additive antimicrobial value in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Castro, Micaele Maria Lopes, Nathallia Neves Duarte, Priscila Cunha Nascimento, Marcela Barauna Magno, Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes, Carlos Flores-Mir, Marta Chagas Monteiro, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing, Lucianne Cople Maia, and Rafael Rodrigues Lima. "Antioxidants as Adjuvants in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (July 22, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9187978.
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This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of antioxidants as an adjuvant in periodontitis treatment. The following databases were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Lilacs, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. Based on the PICO strategy, the inclusion criteria comprised interventional studies including periodontitis patients (participants) treated with conventional therapy and antioxidants (intervention) compared to patients treated only with conventional therapy (control) where the periodontal response (outcome) was evaluated. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB tool (for randomized studies) and ROBINS-I tool (for nonrandomized studies). Quantitative data were analyzed in five random effects meta-analyses considering the following periodontal parameters: clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD). After all, the level of certainty was measured with the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Among the 1884 studies identified, only 15 interventional studies were according to the eligibility criteria and they were included in our review. From them, 4 articles presented a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference for CAL (SMD 0.29 (0.04, 0.55), p=0.03, I2=13%), PI (SMD 0.41 (0.18, 0.64), p=0.0005, I2=47%), and BOP (SMD 0.55 (0.27, 0.83), p=0.0001, I2=0%). The GRADE tool showed a moderate to high certainty in the quality of evidence depending on the clinical parameter and antioxidants used. These results suggest that the use of antioxidants is an adjunct approach to nonsurgical periodontal therapy which may be helpful in controlling the periodontal status.
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Maglaviceanu, Camelia Fiera, Edwin Sever Bechir, Mihaela Jana Tuculina, Constantin Daguci, Ionela Teodora Dascalu, Luminita Daguci, Andreea Nicola, Mihaela Sanda Popescu, and Marilena Bataiosu. "The Role of the Leucocytosis Parameter in the Occurrence of Pregnancy Complications in Women with Periodontal Disease." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 3967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7683.
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For the present study, a total number of 109 pregnant patients in the second trimester of pregnancy were selected from the case studies of the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Municipal Clinical Hospital Filantropia in Craiova. Among these, 56 patients had gingivitis, 26 had mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis, and 27 patients were used as a control segment. Each patient had her leukocytes values tested and they had their oral cavity examined. Leukocyte neutrophils are the primary cells of the body�s defence system as well as primary protective cells against periodontal disease. Based on the study, we can say that there is a significant difference between the average number of leukocytes found in the four groups, because the result of the ANOVA test was below the threshold p [0.001. By analyzing the involvement of the leucocytosis parameter in the occurrence or presence of pregnancy complications, we found it present in periodontal disease pregnant women who had complications, namely: premature birth, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction.
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Bondarchuk, A. V., Y. N. Kharakh, L. G. Kirakosyan, V. M. Karpova, and S. D. Arutyunov. "Integral characteristics of Doppler ultrasound parameters in periodontal status assessment." Parodontologiya 27, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2022-27-2-126-133.
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Relevance. Microcirculation disorder is one of the leading mechanisms in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and degenerative periodontal diseases. Modern medicine assesses the blood flow by the Doppler ultrasound, which has some essential advantages for a researcher. However, the possibilities of interpreting Doppler ultrasound data remain scarcely enlightened in the scientific literature.Materials and methods. Forty patients of both sexes, aged 18–25 years, with clinically intact periodontium, underwent a Doppler ultrasound test to investigate microcirculation in the area of tooth 1.6 at the levels of free gingiva, attached gingiva and mucobuccal fold, to study the integral characteristics of a Doppler ultrasound of tissue blood flow. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the method of principal component analysis.Results. The principal component analysis demonstrated that Vam and Qam were the parameters closest to the integral blood flow velocity, and the attached gingiva was the optimal point for transducer position.Conclusion. The principal component analysis allowed obtaining an integral parameter of blood flow velocity (PC 1) and its features in various areas of the periodontium on tooth 1.6. Further studies are necessary due to the possible variability of periodontal microcirculation on other maxillary and mandibular teeth.
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Adamovic, Tijana, Natasa Trtic, Ognjenka Jankovic, Valentina Veselinovic, Mirjana Umicevic-Davidovic, Igor Djukic, and Verica Pavlic. "Clinical effects of local use of probiotics as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy." Serbian Dental Journal 68, no. 4 (2021): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs2104181a.
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Introduction. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by pathologic microorganisms/periopathogens from oral biofilm. Standard periodontal therapy consists of scaling and root planing (SRP). Probiotics can be used as an adjunctive to standard periodontal therapy, since it is known that probiotics can modify pathogenic potential of biofilm by suppressing the colonization of periopathogens. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effect of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus probiotic lozenges, probiotic mouthwash, as an adjuvant to SRP in the treatment of initial to moderate chronic periodontitis. Material and methods. Thirty patients with initial to moderate chronic periodontitis were recruited and monitored clinically at baseline (before SRP) and 60 days following SRP. All patients were randomly assigned to experimental group: SRP + probiotic (n = 15) and control group: SRP only (n = 15). The probiotic mouthwash was used twice a day for 60 days. Clinical parameters: the probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured at baseline and 60th day following SRP. Data were statistically analyzed using the one-way Anova test and SPSS 19 software (IMB Company, New York, U.S.). The Friedman and Mann Whitney tests were used as a post hoc test for intergroup analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. After 60 days of treatment, the clinical parameters PPD, CAL and BOP were significantly lower in both groups compared to the baseline. In the experimental group, the clinical parameters PPD, CAL and BOP were significantly reduced after 60 days of treatment compared to the initial measurements (p < 0.05). In the control group, statistically significant decrease after 60 days of treatment was recorded only for BOP parameter, while there was no statistically significant decrease of PPD and CAL values (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The results of the present study demonstrated clinical benefits of adjunctive use of probiotics to SRP in terms of pocket depth reduction in initial to moderate periodontal disease.
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Nishida, N., M. Tanaka, N. Hayashi, H. Nagata, T. Takeshita, K. Nakayama, K. Morimoto, and S. Shizukuishi. "Association of ALDH2 Genotypes and Alcohol Consumption with Periodontitis." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 2 (February 2004): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300215.
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There is little information regarding the association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis risk. We assessed whether alcohol consumption and ALDH2 genotypes were associated with periodontitis. Subjects’ lifestyle was examined by a self-administered questionnaire, and the percentage of pocket depths ≥ 3.5 mm was used as a periodontal parameter. ALDH2 genotypes were determined with the use of a PCR/RFLP method. Multiple logistic analyses showed that alcohol consumption was significantly associated with periodontitis, and its odds ratio was 1.98. There was no significant relationship between periodontal status and ALDH2 genotypes. However, ALDH2*1/*2 subjects who consumed ≥ 33 g/day of alcohol had a significantly greater percentage of pocket depths ≥ 3.5 mm than those whose daily consumption was lower, while there was no significant difference in periodontal status associated with alcohol consumption in ALDH2*1/*1 subjects. Our results suggest that alcohol consumption may be a risk indicator for periodontitis in ALDH2*1/*2 subjects who consume larger amounts of alcohol.
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Shirazi, Bilal Haider, Syeda Sahar Ali, Muhammad Salman Aminwala, Shaista Zafar, Aleezah Ali, Syed Ahmed Arbaaz, and Sabeen Fazal. "Efficacy of Calcium Phosphate Composite Bone Graft in Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects: Clinico-Radiographic Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 872–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610872.
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Background: The loss of alveolar bone support is the main symptoms of the destructive periodontal disease. Periodontitis leads to formation of the interbony defects. For resolution of the infection, the elimination of IBD is highly needed. For the filing of the IBD and regeneration of the bone in the periodontal therapy, different bone grafts are used. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of calcium phosphate composite bone graft in patients suffering from periodontal intrabony problems. Study Design: It is a randomized and interventional study conducted at Multan Medical & Dental College, Multan and DOW University of Health Sciences, Karachi for the duration of six months from December 2021 to May 2022. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 16 patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All the patients completed the follow-up. The radiographic parameters were also evaluated. The baseline data from six months and three months was analyzed and data was plotted. Results: It was found that the primary closure was carried out for all the patients. There was no statistical significance found between the groups related to depth of the defect and the walls number groups before operation. There was a prominent reduction in plague concentration and gingival index. In case of test group there was a greater statistical reduction in the test group as compared to the control. The recession of gingival parameter was seen in both the groups. There was no statistical difference observed here. Conclusion This study helps to provide significant results and evidence that the easy graft crystal can be used for the treatment of periodontal intrabony issues. Keywords: Intrabony defects and calcium phosphate composite bone graft.
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Kallio, K. A. Elisa, Marja Marchesani, Efthymia Vlachopoulou, Päivi Mäntylä, Susanna Paju, Kåre Buhlin, Anna L. Suominen, et al. "Genetic Variation on theBAT1-NFKBIL1-LTARegion of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class III Associates with Periodontitis." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 5 (February 24, 2014): 1939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01681-13.
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ABSTRACTPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology. We investigated whether human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms (6p21.3) are associated with periodontal parameters. Parogene 1 population samples (n= 169) were analyzed with 13,245 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MHC region. Eighteen selected SNPs (P≤ 0.001) were replicated in Parogene 2 population samples (n= 339) and the Health 2000 Survey (n= 1,420). All subjects had a detailed clinical and radiographic oral health examination. Serum lymphotoxin-α (LTA) concentrations were measured in the Parogene populations, and the protein was detected in inflamed periodontal tissue. In the Parogene 1 population, 10 SNPs were associated with periodontal parameters. The strongest associations emerged from the parameters bleeding on probing (BOP) and a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥6 mm with the genesBAT1,NFKBIL1, andLTA. Six SNPs, rs11796, rs3130059, rs2239527, rs2071591, rs909253, and rs1041981 (r2, ≥0.92), constituted a risk haplotype. In the Parogene 1 population, the haplotype had the strongest association with the parameter BOP, a PPD of ≥6 mm, and severe periodontitis with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.63 (2.21 to 3.20), 2.90 (2.37 to 3.52), and 3.10 (1.63 to 5.98), respectively. These results were replicated in the other two populations. High serum LTA concentrations in the Parogene population were associated with the periodontitis risk alleles of theLTASNPs (rs909253 and rs1041981) of the haplotype. In addition, the protein was expressed in inflamed gingival connective tissue. We identified a novelBAT1-NFKBIL1-LTAhaplotype as a significant contributor to the risk of periodontitis. The genetic polymorphisms in the MHC class III region may be functionally important in periodontitis susceptibility.
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Aquino-Martinez, Ruben, and Scarlette Hernández-Vigueras. "Severe COVID-19 Lung Infection in Older People and Periodontitis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020279.
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Periodontal bacteria dissemination into the lower respiratory tract may create favorable conditions for severe COVID-19 lung infection. Once lung tissues are colonized, cells that survive persistent bacterial infection can undergo permanent damage and accelerated cellular senescence. Consequently, several morphological and functional features of senescent lung cells facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication. The higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19, and death in older patients has generated the question whether basic aging mechanisms could be implicated in such susceptibility. Mounting evidence indicates that cellular senescence, a manifestation of aging at the cellular level, contributes to the development of age-related lung pathologies and facilitates respiratory infections. Apparently, a relationship between life-threatening COVID-19 lung infection and pre-existing periodontal disease seems improbable. However, periodontal pathogens can be inoculated during endotracheal intubation and/or aspirated into the lower respiratory tract. This review focuses on how the dissemination of periodontal bacteria into the lungs could aggravate age-related senescent cell accumulation and facilitate more efficient SARS-CoV-2 cell attachment and replication. We also consider how periodontal bacteria-induced premature senescence could influence the course of COVID-19 lung infection. Finally, we highlight the role of saliva as a reservoir for both pathogenic bacteria and SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the identification of active severe periodontitis can be an opportune and valid clinical parameter for risk stratification of old patients with COVID-19.
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Torkzaban, Parviz, Iman Barati, Javad Faradmal, Somayeh Ansari-moghadam, and Leila Gholami. "Efficacy of the Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Application Versus the Conventional Method in Periodontal Flap Surgery: A Split-Mouth Randomized Control Trial." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): e4-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2022.04.
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Introduction: the Er,Cr:YSGG laser has a suitable wavelength for the ablation of both hard and soft tissues of the periodontium and can be considered as a potential tool in periodontal surgeries. The current study aimed at evaluating the application of this laser versus conventional instruments in periodontal pocket reduction flap surgery. Methods: Eight patients (16 dental arches) requiring periodontal surgery were included (Trial registration number: IRCT201711129014N199). Using a split-mouth study design, two posterior sextants of a dental arch were randomly allocated into either a test group, open flap debridement periodontal surgery using the Er,Cr:YSGG laser or a control group using the conventional method. Laser parameter settings of a 2780 nm wavelength, H mode (60 µs pulse duration), 25-50 Hz, 2-3.5 W output powers and Air-20%, Water-60-80% were applied and adjusted individually for each step of the flap surgery procedure. Baseline, 1 and 3-month measurements of plaque index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), gingival recession (GR), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded for comparisons. Data were analyzed by a linear model for correlated data using the generalized estimating equations (GEE) method and the least significant difference (LSD). Results: In both treatment groups, reductions in PI and GI were observed in the 3-month follow-up period. These indices were significantly lower in the laser-treated sides compared to the conventional group (P<0.05). The Mean PD and CAL were lower at 1 month and 3 months compared to the baseline in both groups (P<0.05). However, these parameters were not statistically different in the treatment groups during these follow-up timelines. An increase in GR was observed from the baseline to 1 month and 3 months with less recession in the laser-treated sides (P=0.016). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser assisted periodontal flap surgery resulted in similar treatment outcomes to the conventional method and may be considered as a safe and effective treatment modality.
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Sana Ikram, Muhammad Arsalan Raffat, Saeeda Baig, Shazia Akbar Ansari, Kevin Joseph Jerome Borges, and Nuzhat Hassan. "Clinical Efficacy of Probiotics as An Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planning in The Treatment Of Chronic Periodontitis." ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v24i1.24.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and SRP along with adjunctive probiotic containing Lactobacillus reuteri (L.reuteri) in the management of chronic periodontitis (CP) and comparing the efficacy of two treatment modalities.
Methods: Twenty-eight systemically healthy participants, clinically diagnosed with CP on the bases of pocket depth were enrolled from the outpatient department of Periodontology, Ziauddin College of Den- tistry, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan. After complete periodontal examination all clinical periodontal parameter i.e., Probing Pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment level (CAL), percentage sites for plaque accumulation (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured and recorded at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after therapy. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria underwent non- surgical periodontal therapy i.e. SRP both with hand instruments and with ultrasonic scalers. After SRP oral hygiene measures were reassured and then participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups i.e., Probiotics (N=14) or Placebo (N=14). Both L. reuteri and placebo were given twice daily for 12 weeks and patients were recalled for assessment.
Results: At baseline both groups were similar clinically. Intra-group comparison of clinical periodontal parameters showed improvement in the participants of both groups. Inter-group comparison showed greater reduction in PPD and BOP and more gain in CAL in probiotic group on each follow up visits and statistically significant difference was observed in two groups. Whereas for PI the difference between two groups at follow-up visit was insignificant i.e. both treatment strategies were equal in reducing per- centage sites of plaque accumulation.
Conclusion: The results of our study concludes L.reuteri containing probiotic along with SRP is superior when compared to SRP alone in terms of resolving inflammation and improving periodontal health. Probiotics can be used as a promising alternative adjunctive therapy with minimal or no side effects in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
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Ardila, Carlos M., and Annie Marcela Vivares-Builes. "Clinical Efficacy of Treatment of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions: A Systematic Scoping Review of Experimental Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 13649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013649.
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Background: In this review, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of interventions used for the treatment of endo-perio lesions (EPL). Methods: A systematic scoping review of clinical trials was developed. Results: Seven clinical trials were studied. In at least one study group of six of the seven evaluated trials, endodontic and periodontal treatments were performed simultaneously. All trials showed improvement in probing depth in the studied groups; nevertheless, the experimental groups of five studies demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in this parameter. An increase in clinical attachment level was also reported (p < 0.05). Most trials reported an increase in the filling of the bone defect following therapy (p < 0.05). Mechanical periodontal therapy implemented simultaneously with endodontic therapy demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of concurrent EPL without communication. Endodontic treatment and immediate periodontal surgery did not affect the result of the management of combined EPL with apical communication. The use of diode laser, the management of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and titanium-prepared PRF, and the implementation of bone grafts plus endodontic treatment with mineral-trioxide or gutta-percha seems to be an adequate strategy in patients with EPL. Conclusions: The treatment of EPL using simultaneous endodontic and periodontal therapies seems to be an acceptable treatment alternative.
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Solvar, Zoryana. "The assesment of lipid peroxidation processes disturbances in animals` lungs in condition of experimental parodontitis development." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.11.049.
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An imbalance between generation of free radicals and antioxidant defence leads to an oxidative stress Pulmonary damage caused by oxygen toxicity occurs due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent formation of more potent oxidants in experimental peridontitis development. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species content may be a useful and practical parameter for evaluating periodontal disease activity.
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Condorelli, Francesca, Guido Scalia, Giuditta Calì, Bruno Rossetti, Giuseppe Nicoletti, and Anna M. Lo Bue. "Isolation of Porphyromonas gingivalisand Detection of Immunoglobulin A Specific to Fimbrial Antigen in Gingival Crevicular Fluid." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 8 (1998): 2322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2322-2325.1998.
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The present study evaluated the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the correlation between the bacterial culture method and the detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific to theP. gingivalis fimbrial antigen in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). P. gingivalis was isolated from 78.3% of subgingival plaque samples obtained from active sites and 34.7% of those from inactive sites of periodontal patients. P. gingivalis was isolated from only 4.7% of healthy subjects (control group). Immunoglobulins specific to the P. gingivalis fimbrial antigen were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall agreement between the results of the P. gingivalis culture method and the results of specific IgA detection in periodontal patients was 71.7% for active sites and 58.7% for inactive sites. IgA specific to P. gingivalis was absent in GCF from all of the sites of healthy subjects. The results suggest that P. gingivalis is associated with the local production of specific IgA. The detection of IgA antibodies specific to P. gingivalis in GCF by ELISA may be used as a predictive parameter to reveal the early phase of the activation of recurrent periodontal infections.
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Sorsa, Timo, Saeed Alassiri, Andreas Grigoriadis, Ismo T. Räisänen, Pirjo Pärnänen, Solomon O. Nwhator, Dirk-Rolf Gieselmann, and Dimitra Sakellari. "Active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) as a Grading and Staging Biomarker in the Periodontitis Classification." Diagnostics 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10020061.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of incorporating active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) as a biomarker into the new periodontitis classification system (stage/grade) presented in 2018. This study included 150 Greek adults aged 25–78, of whom 74 were men and 76 women. Participants were tested with an aMMP-8 point-of-care mouthrinse test, after which a full-mouth clinical examination was performed to assess their periodontal and oral health. The aMMP-8 levels in mouthrinse were significantly lower among healthy patients compared with patients in more severe periodontitis stages and grades (Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn–Bonferroni test for pairwise post-hoc comparisons; p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, aMMP-8 levels were less correlated with plaque levels than bleeding on probing (BOP) (Spearman’s rho = 0.269, p < 0.001; Spearman’s rho = 0.586, p < 0.001); respectively). Thus, aMMP-8 was more robust to the confounding effects of oral hygiene than traditional periodontal parameter bleeding on probing. The aMMP-8 point-of-care mouthrinse test can be utilized as an adjunctive and preventive diagnostic tool to identify periodontal disease, classified by stage and grade, and ongoing periodontal breakdown chairside in clinical practice in only 5 min. Overall, integrating aMMP-8 into the new periodontitis classification system seems beneficial.
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Al-Zaidi, Dr Wassan Hassan, Dr Maha AbdulAziz AbdulAziz, and Dr Maha shukri Shukri. "Salivary sex hormones & its relation to periodontal status among pregnant & non pregnant women." Mustansiria Dental Journal 8, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v8i3.353.
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Salivary sex hormones (estradiol/ progesterone) levels may rise dramatically &may affect the periodontal health during pregnancy. The aim of this study was tomeasure the level of estradiol &progesterone in stimulated saliva of pregnant women& its correlation to periodontal status in comparison to non pregnant women.A total of 26 women of the age group 20-24yr. attending the maternal & childhealth care in the medical city hospital were selected at the 3rd trimester of pregnancy& another 26 unmarried women were selected rand only. Saliva had been collectedfor analysis of estradiol & progesterone & periodontal status had been evaluated usingplaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) & clinical attachmentlevel (CAL), t-test, X2 & correlation coefficient were used where indicated.The results revealed a significant difference in the mean PlI & GI among pregnant& control groups. Pregnant women showed deeper pocket & more attachment loss &a high mean of salivary sex hormones than control group with significant differences.The results also revealed a positive correlations between probing depth, clinicalattachment level & salivary sex hormones while there was no significant weakcorrelation between PlI, GI with salivary sex hormones.All the periodontal parameter & salivary sex hormones in this study were highervalue in pregnant women than non pregnant with significant differences. More strongpositive correlations were found between PD, CAL with salivary sex hormones &weak correlations with PlI & GI.
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Costantini, Erica, Bruna Sinjari, Francesca Piscopo, Annamaria Porreca, Marcella Reale, Sergio Caputi, and Giovanna Murmura. "Evaluation of Salivary Cytokines and Vitamin D Levels in Periodontopathic Patients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 11, 2020): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082669.
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Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory condition of the tissues supporting the teeth, which is widespread among the adult population. Evidence shows a relationship between PD and vitamin D levels, which is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and inflammatory response. This study aimed to perform a simultaneous evaluation of inflammatory mediators and vitamin D levels in saliva in periodontopathic patients to better understand their role in periodontal disease. In this observational study, clinical periodontal parameter examination was performed for each patient. Moreover, the saliva levels of 25(OH)D3, TGFβ, IL-35, IL-17A, and MMP9 were evaluated using an ELISA assay. An increase in TGFβ, IL-35, MMP9, and IL-17A salivary levels and a reduction in 25(OH)D3 levels were observed in periodontopathic patients with respect to the healthy controls. The present study revealed significant positive correlation between cytokines and highly negative correlation between 25(OH)D3 and salivary cytokine levels. Further studies are needed to better understand if salivary cytokines and vitamin D evaluation may represent a new approach for detection and prevention of progressive diseases, such as PD.
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Perova, M. D., A. Yu Ananich, I. A. Sevostyanov, I. I. Fedorov, E. S. Ovcharenko, and D. D. Samokhvalova. "Outcomes of reconstructive periodontal surgery with different types of barrier membranes." Parodontologiya 27, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2022-27-1-21-31.
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Relevance. Reconstructive periodontal surgery is one of the most effective methods of restoring tooth-supporting apparatus damaged by microbial inflammation and destruction. For this purpose, they use non-resorbable and resorbable biomaterials, which act as a temporary barrier between the tissues with different mitotic potential during early healing. Since the properties of barrier membranes determine the degree of invasiveness and postoperative morbidity, and, finally, the success of the surgery, it is relevant to study the outcomes of periodontal reconstruction with one of the modern collagen membranes cross-linked by ribose.Purpose. To comparatively assess the outcomes of periodontal reconstructions with a resorbable and non-resorbable barrier material.Material and methods. The study is a prospective randomized blind controlled clinical trial. The study included 37 patients (14 men, 23 women) aged 45-65 years, who, after the initial therapy, underwent 62 guided tissue regenerations using e-PTFE and resorbable collagen membrane cross-linked by ribose. The study compared the clinical and radiographic results before and 18 months after the surgery. We evaluated the probing depth (periodontal pocket), gingival recession level, loss of clinical attachment level, width and height of periodontal infrabony defects, gain in clinical attachment level. The material was statistically processed using StatSoft STATISTICA 10.0.1011 for Windows. The statistical unit is a periodontal defect.Results. In the postoperative period, the main (31%) and control (42%) groups exhibited the areas of membrane exposure; 16 periodontal defects, only in the control group, demonstrated the extensive membrane exposure, of which 11 membranes were prematurely removed due to infection of the reconstruction site. In the main group, fibrin allowed exposed area healing in the usual time without medical assistance. After 18 months, the gain in the clinical attachment level was 3.5 mm in the main group versus 2.8 mm in the control group (at p=0.03) with a significant decrease in the probing depth compared to that before treatment; the level of recession also changed positively, although not significantly. The type of periodontal defect (the parameter is higher in three-wall and two-wall defects) appeared to remarkably influence the gain in clinical attachment level.Conclusion. The study evidenced that the resorbable cross-linked collagen membrane demonstrated clinically acceptable outcome of the damaged periodontium reconstruction due to, first of all, increased predictability of the course of the early postoperative period, a significant reduction in morbidity and invasiveness of intervention.
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Loboda, E. S., L. Yu Orekhova, E. V. Grinenko, A. Yu Kropotina, N. A. Iamanidze, and V. G. Atrushkevich. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of professional hygiene results in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and overweight." Parodontologiya 26, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2021-26-1-20-27.
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Relevance. At present, the problem of the prevalence of overweight is becoming increasingly important in countries with a high standard of living, especially among the urban population. The social significance of this problem is determined by the threat of the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system, as well as diabetes mellitus, which in turn are serious risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal pathology. One of the stages in the treatment of periodontal diseases is professional oral hygiene, the tactics of which, the effectiveness and stability of the results obtained also depend on taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism. Objective – to assess the effect of overweight (ICD 10 - K63.5) on the manifestation of periodontal disease and the clinical effectiveness of professional oral hygiene as a stage of initial periodontal therapy in the presence of diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The study involved 83 patients with diabetes mellitus type I aged 25 to 45 years with overweight and normal constitution, with chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity. All patients underwent a standard complex of professional oral hygiene. Re-examination was carried out after 1 month. Results. The severity of clinical manifestations of periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus and overweight was higher than in the group of patients with normal constitution. The analysis of the effectiveness of professional oral hygiene as one of the stages of conservative periodontal therapy revealed differences in the response from the organism as a whole, and periodontal tissues in particular in the examined groups, demonstrating the pathological effect of excess body weight on the decrease in the effectiveness of hygiene measures. Conclusion. The identification of differences in the examined groups confirms the importance of overweight as an aggravating component in patients with periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus type I and dictates the need for a more detailed study of this parameter in the management of patients in this group and predicting treatment results, as well as creates the need for development and implementation of a comprehensive treatment and prevention strategy, including the assessment and monitoring of body mass index, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, elimination of modifiable risk factors.
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Yaremenko, A. I., S. P. Rubnikovich, D. M. Neyzberg, A. I. Erokhin, L. Yu Orekhova, V. G. Atruchkevich, Yu L. Denisova, and E. S. Loboda. "A regenerative approach to the classification of the defects in the periodontal and alveolar ridge." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series 18, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-3-304-314.
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The efficacy and long-term outcomes of the procedure of guided tissue regeneration depend on the basic morphometric condition of the defect and the choice of the technical supplement and the technical approach to surgery. Hystoarchitectonics of defects can be presented as a simplified four-parameter classification for use in clinical and expert practice in addition to making decisions in the regenerative surgery of defects in the periodontal and alveolar ridge.
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Sfondrini, Maria Francesca, Andrea Butera, Pietro Di Michele, Claudia Luccisano, Beatrice Ottini, Enrico Sangalli, Simone Gallo, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Paola Gandini, and Andrea Scribante. "Microbiological Changes during Orthodontic Aligner Therapy: A Prospective Clinical Trial." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 6758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156758.
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The purpose of this study is to assess the variations induced by Clear Aligner Treatment (CAT) on the periodontal status and microbiological composition of oral microbiota. A total of 20 orthodontic patients were submitted to professional oral hygiene and, subsequently, underwent CAT (Group one, trials). A total of 20 non orthodontic patients (Group two, controls) remained untreated after oral hygiene. At T0 (baseline) and T1 (after 2 months), the participants were clinically examined for Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and Plaque Index (PI), and microbiological tests were performed to detect bacteria of the red and orange complexes as well as the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. No significant inter- or intra-group differences were shown neither for PPD, PI and BOP (p > 0.05), nor for bacteria expressed in copies/microlitre or in percentages (p > 0.05). The only significant difference was assessed from T0 (baseline) to T1 (2 months) in both groups and is related to the total bacteria count increase. However, this parameter encompasses all the bacteria of the common oral microbiota, thus, not representing a significant result from a clinical point of view. Despite the limitations of this study, CAT does not significantly affect periodontal and microbiological parameters with respect to untreated patients for the first two months of therapy.
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Montevecchi, Marco, Annalisa Moreschi, Maria Rosaria Gatto, Luigi Checchi, and Vittorio Checchi. "Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness and Subjective Satisfaction of a New Toothbrush for Postsurgical Hygiene Care: A Randomized Split-Mouth Double-Blind Clinical Trial." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/828794.
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The aim of this RCT was to evaluate plaque control and gingival health promotion effectiveness of a new toothbrush with extra-soft filaments in postsurgical sets. Ten consecutive patients with at least two scheduled symmetrical periodontal surgeries were selected. Following the first periodontal surgery, a test (TB1) or control (TB2) toothbrush was randomly assigned. After the second surgery, the remaining toothbrush was given. Patients were asked to gently wipe the surgical area from days 3 to 7 postoperatively and to gently brush using a roll technique from day 7 till the end of the study. Baseline evaluation took place on the day of surgery and follow-ups were performed at days 7, 14, and 30 postoperatively. A more evident PI reduction was recorded for test toothbrush where a regular decrease was observed till day 14; then, this parameter tended to stabilize, remaining however lower than that recorded for the control toothbrush. There were no statistical differences in the GI between test and control toothbrushes. All patients introduced the test toothbrush at surgical site at third day; the control toothbrush was introduced within a mean of 9 days. The introduction of the test toothbrush 3 days after periodontal surgery may be recommended.
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Unal, Tahsin, Erhan Firatli, Ahmet Sivas, Hasan Meric, and Hikmet Oz. "Fructosamine as a Possible Monitoring Parameter in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Periodontal Disease." Journal of Periodontology 64, no. 3 (March 1993): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.3.191.
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N. D, Gupta, and Jain S. S. "UTILITY OF HERBS WITH ITS PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETER IN ORAL HEALTH: A REVIEW." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj2909072021.
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Oral hygiene is the key to one's healthy life. Maintaining oral hygiene is directly related to the body's first line of defence mechanism. It maintains both oral as well as systemic health. Oral microflora plays a very important role in oral hygiene. It is a complex ecosystem of several species of micro-organisms such as streptococci, Neisseria, Veillonella, Actinomyces and other obligate anaerobes. This microbiome is mainly affected by an acidic diet and the acidic environment of the oral cavity. Poor oral hygiene decreases the rate of survival of the oral microbiome and causes dental caries, periodontal diseases, halitosis oral pain & discomfort. Hence, it becomes very essential to maintain the environment of oral cavity friendly to oral microflora. Ayurveda is the science of preserving one’s health has described various herbs to maintain oral hygiene such as Khadira (Catechu tree), Sunthi (Ginger), Da- ruharidra (Indian Berbery), Tankana (Borax), etc. But, to attain its global acceptability physicochemical parameter is used to describe their action. Based on physicochemical parameters herbs seem to be effective in the maintenance of oral hygiene and can reduce the chances of oral diseases. Keywords: Oral hygiene, Oral microflora, physicochemical parameter, pH, etc.
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Pribadi, Indra Mustika Setia, Ina Hendiani, and Reynaldy Sartiono. "The effect of carbonate apatite membrane gelatin application on IL-1β level gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 31, no. 3 (November 30, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol31no3.23930.
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Introduction: Apatite carbonate material plays an important role in bone tissue regeneration. The use of this membrane is expected to achieve better treatment success than those without additional therapy. The antimicrobial content in the apatite carbonate membrane can be used to support periodontal treatment of chronic periodontitis after scaling and root planing. The purpose of this research was to analyse the effect of carbonate apatite membrane gelatin application on the IL-1β level of the gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: This research was a double-blind, randomised controlled trial method, with purposive sampling, and split-mouth design. The parameter was the IL-1β level in the gingival crevicular fluid before and after scaling and root planing. Carbonate apatite membrane gelatin was applied to the periodontal pocket on the test group after scaling and root planing. Data were analysed by the Wilcoxon test with a p-value < 0.05. Results: The reduction of IL-1β level gingival crevicular fluid on day-0 and day-30 on both groups showed significant value (p < 0.001). However, it showed no significant differences statistically, between the test group and the control group. Conclusion: Carbonate apatite membrane gelatin application might reduce the IL-1β level of the gingival crevicular fluid, but not showing a better reduction from the control group.Keyword: Carbonate apatite membrane gelatin, IL-1β, periodontal therapy
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Zhao, Wei, and Lan Luo. "Strontium ranelate inhibits alveolar bone resorption in diabetic rats with periodontitis by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 21, no. 12 (February 3, 2023): 2583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v21i12.12.
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Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory effect of strontium ranelate on alveolar bone resorption in diabetic rats with periodontitis, and the mechanism involved.Methods: Forty-five Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were allocated to 3 groups, viz, diabetic control, diabetic periodontitis, and diabetic periodontitis + strontium ranelate groups. Diabetes was induced via i.v. administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg). Then, a rat model of periodontitis was established by ligating the neck of the upper left first molar of each rat with a 0.4-mm orthodontic ligation wire. Strontium ranelate or normal saline was administered by gavage. Four weeks later, various indicators were assessed.Results: There was a significantly higher expression level of Mir-21 in the periodontal tissue of diabetic periodontitis rats than in diabetic control rats. In contrast, this parameter was significantly lower in diabetic periodontitis rats than in periodontal tissues of rats in the diabetic periodontitis + strontium ranelate group, while the translations of JAK2 and STAT3 genes were significantly higher in periodontal tissues of diabetic periodontitis rats (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were lower expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in diabetic periodontitis group than in diabetic periodontitis + strontium ranelate group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Strontium ranelate increases the expression level of miR-21 and activates JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the resorption of alveolus bone in rats with diabetes/periodontitis.
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Korobeinikova, Yu L., L. M. Khavalkina, L. S. Korobeinikov, and V. O. Dubyna Dubrovina. "RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETER OF PERIODONTAL STATUS ACCORDING TO DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY." Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine 2, no. 2 (2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.29254/2077-4214-2022-2-2-165-214-220.
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Arikan, Fatih, Nejat Nizam, and Sule Sonmez. "5-Year Longitudinal Study of Survival Rate and Periodontal Parameter Changes at Sites of Maxillary Canine Autotransplantation." Journal of Periodontology 79, no. 4 (April 2008): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.070409.
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Ojima, M., H. Tamagawa, H. Nagata, T. Hanioka, and S. Shizukuishi. "Relation of motility of subgingival microflora as a clinical parameter to periodontal disease status in human subjects." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 27, no. 6 (June 2000): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027006405.x.
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Fujino, Shigeru, Atsuko Takagi, Yoko Matsubara, and Yoko Satou. "A Relationship between Periodontal Parameter of the Natural Tooth and Clinical Results of Hydroxyapatite (HA) -coated Implants." Journal of Clinical Dentistry 23, no. 3-4 (2003): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14399/jacd1999.23.282.
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