Academic literature on the topic 'Periodontal Disease,Genetic evaluation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Periodontal Disease,Genetic evaluation"
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Gomes Viana, Mariana Vitória, Júlia Santos Cerqueira, and Regina Lucia Seixas Pinto. "APLICAÇÃO DIAGNÓSTICA DE IMAGENS TRIDIMENSIONAIS (3D) NA DOENÇA PERIODONTAL DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES (3D) IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia 50, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 57–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/revfo.v50i1.37117.
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A doença periodontal é uma doença altamente prevalente na populaçãomundial e se caracteriza pela destruição progressiva do ligamento periodontale reabsorção da crista óssea alveolar interdental e interradicular. Temcomo fatores etiológicos as bactérias do biofilme que associadas aos fatoresgenéticos e ambientais geram uma resposta inflamatória liberam enzimasproteolíticas e danificam o tecido de suporte dental. A avaliação da perdada inserção periodontal por exame clínico é limitada pelos instrumentosde sondagem e condições anatômicas, portanto, imagens radiográficas sãoinevitáveis para determinar a extensão e a gravidade das lesões, pois a representaçãoespacial do osso alveolar tem um valr altamente significativona Periodontia, uma vez que as decisões terapêuticas e as estimativas a longoprazo do prognóstico se fundamentam nele. O exame de imagem maiscomumente utilizado é através de radiografias convencionais, no entantofornece apenas uma visão bidimensional das estruturas tridimensionais,perdendo assim o valor diagnóstico essencial. A imagem tridimensional ou3D, tem se revelado como uma ferramenta clínica, pelo valor altamente informativo.O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em realizar uma revisãode literatura sobre a aplicação diagnóstica da tomografia computadorizadade feixe cônico em lesões periodontais. Periodontal disease is characterized by the progressive destruction of theperiodontal ligament and alveolar bone Crest resorption interdentallyand interradicular, its etiological factors that biofilm bacteria associatedwith genetic and environmental factors generate an inflammatory responsethat release proteolytic enzymes and damage the fabric of dental support. The evaluation of periodontal insertion loss by clinical examinationis limited by probing instruments and anatomical conditions, therefore,x-rays are inevitable to determine the extent and severity of injuries,because the space representation of the alveolar bone has a significantrole in Periodontics, since therapeutic decisions and long-term estimatesof prognosis are based on it. The most commonly used imaging methodis through conventional x-rays, however, provides only a two-dimensionalview of the three-dimensional structures, thereby losing the essentialdiagnostic value. 3D image has proved as a clinical tool for highly informativevalue. The purpose of this study is to conduct a review of the literatureabout the intended use of cone beam computed tomography inperiodontal lesions.
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Tarannum, Fouzia, and Mohamed Faizuddin. "Effect of Alox-15 Polymorphism on GCF Levels of Lipoxin-A4 in Chronic Periodontitis: A Preliminary Study." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 2 (April 2017): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201701094.
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Lipoxins play an important role in periodontal resolution, hence, investigation of genetic polymorphism of lipoxin gene may provide important information on the role of lipoxins in periodontal disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate a polymorphism of C-to-T substitution at position c.-292 in ALOX15 (reticulocyte-type 15 lipoxygenase 1) gene in patients with chronic periodontitis and to associate the polymorphism with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) lipoxin A4 (LXA4) levels. Forty-five chronic periodontitis and 45 periodontally healthy patients were included in this case-control study. Plaque index, calculus index, sulcus bleeding index, full mouth probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. GCF and blood samples were collected. GCF was analyzed for LXA4 levels by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. Genotyping of ALOX15 polymorphism was studied using PCR. Mean LXA4 was lower in periodontitis group compared to the periodontally healthy group. There was a negative correlation between CAL and LXA4. The CC genotype was higher in the study group than in the control group. In the study group, mean CAL was significantly lower among individuals with the CT genotype. Mean LXA4 was significantly lower in CC genotype (45.0±7.11 ng/mL) compared to CT genotype (50.81±5.81 ng/mL) among the patients with periodontitis. The results suggest that LXA4 and c.-292T allele are associated with periodontal health. Polymorphisms in the ALOX15 gene may influence periodontal disease pathogenesis. Hence, investigation of such polymorphisms could benefit the evaluation of lipoxins role in periodontal disease.
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Дзюба, Елена, Elena Dzyuba, Марина Нагаева, Marina Nagaeva, Екатерина Жданова, and Ekaterina Zhdanova. "THE ROLE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR CORRECTION." Actual problems in dentistry 15, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2019-15-2-25-31.
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Subject: Inflammatory periodontal diseases are one of the most common dental diseases in the world. To ensure successful treatment and a stable period of remission, it is necessary to take into account the etiopathogenesis of the disease. One of the main roles in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases is played by the immune response of the body to the action of periodontal-pathogenic micro-organisms.
Objective ― to study the current literature indicates about the role of immunological processes in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, as well as the possibility of their correction
Material and methodologies: Data from the scientific literature on the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases was used in the study. To achieve this objective the databases of the Tyumen State Medical University Library, electronic libraries (eLibrary, Cyberleninka, PubMed, Googl.Scholar), official sites of scientific publications were used.
Results: the review of the literature presents information on the immunological processes developing in inflammatory periodontal diseases. The role of cellular and humoral elements in pathogenesis, the role of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the chronization of the inflammatory process is described. The possibilities of local immunological correction in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases are considered.
Conclusions: The concept of cytokine development of inflammatory periodontal diseases has been formed and substantiated in modern scientific literature. The evaluation of the cytokine profile of the oral and gingival fluid allows to establish the activity and severity of the disease. The established immunological and molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases associated with the influence of cytokines make it possible to adjust the complex treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases, determine the direction of personalized therapy of patient, determine the effectiveness of the treatment and the prognosis of the disease.
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Corrêa, Jôice Dias, Amanda Leal Rocha, Lidiane Cristina Machado Costa, Denise Travassos, Wagner Henriques Castro, Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet, Rodrigo Santiago Gomez, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira, and Tarcília Aparecida Silva. "Severe Periodontal Disease Associated with Long-Term Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/860804.
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Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used in the treatment of neuropathy. This case report presents, for the first time, a patient with severe periodontal destruction after chronic therapy with IVIG. The patient reported having extracted his maxillary anterior teeth himself due to high mobility. Clinical examination and radiographic images show a generalized and severe periodontitis. No significant alterations in genetic or microbiological features were observed. The present case suggests that periodontal disease aggravation could be considered a new adverse effect of IVIG therapy. Postulated mechanisms are immune complexes formation, complement activation, and a direct effect in osteoclasts. In conclusion, it is important that patients that will receive IVIG treatment underwent dental evaluation.
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Ippolitov, Yu A., T. V. Chubarov, O. G. Sharshova, I. N. Buzulukina, D. M. Folomeeva, and Ch Ch Chan. "Clinical laboratory assessment and predictability of the periodontal inflammation development in children with undifferentiated connective tissue disease." Pediatric dentistry and dental profilaxis 21, no. 3 (December 3, 2021): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3031-2021-21-3-199-204.
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Relevance. The development of multiple organ lesions in undifferentiated connective tissue disease leads to secondary immunodeficiency, which triggers oral homeostasis disruption and activates periodontal pathogens, which produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, which trigger the mechanisms of periodontal destruction. Purpose – to establish the relationship between undifferentiated connective tissue disease in children and their predisposition to periodontal inflammation and destruction.Materials and methods. The study examined the patients, aged 15 to 17 years old, of the endocrinological department of the Children's Clinical Hospital of N. N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University. All examined children had the same diagnosis of undifferentiated connective tissue disease. The control group consisted of 15 children with healthy periodontium. Silness-Loe plaque index (Loe H., Silness J., 1962) at the gingival margin assessed the children periodontal status. Mühlemann bleeding index (Mühlemann H.R., Son S., 1971) [19] evaluated the bleeding. The study measured the intensity and extension of the inflammatory reaction by the cytological changes in the periodontium according to the Page and Schroeder model (Page R.C. and Schroeder M. E., 1976). The enzyme immunoassay kits from eBioscince determined the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin (IL-1β), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) in the oral fluid; and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, receptor antagonist interleukin IL-1 (IL-1ra), was measured using Invitrogen kit in strict accordance with Multiskan FC microplate photometer instructions (Thermo Scientific).Results. Children periodontal status evaluation did not reveal any pronounced clinical manifestations of the inflammation that could cause concern and complaints of bleeding gums. Thus, the Silness-Loe plaque index at the gingival margin was 1.70 ± 0.07 (control group 1.10 ± 0.03), the Mühlemann gingival sulcus bleeding index in children with undifferentiated connective tissue disease was 2.10 ± 0.05 (control group 0). The results of the oral fluid cytokine count in patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease demonstrated a tendency for pro-inflammatory cytokine increase and anti-inflammatory cytokine decrease, in contrast to the control group.Conclusions. Thus, the qualitative composition of pro-inflammatory cytokines – interleukin (IL-1β), interferongamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), interleukin IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the oral fluid, in combination with clinical diagnostic methods in periodontal practice, can reliably predict the predisposition of people with undifferentiated connective tissue disease to periodontal inflammation and destruction. Medical checkup in children with undifferentiated connective tissue disease mainly aims to carry out comprehensive treatment and preventive measures to preserve the functions of the dental system. As children periodontal service is not allocated in the register of medical specialties in the Russian Federation, pediatric periodontal patients are followed-up in the periodontally healthy groups. However, it is evident today that periodontal passports are necessary, which indicate a genetic predisposition to inflammatory periodontal diseases.
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Sadasivan, Arun, Roshni Ramesh, and Deepu George Mathew. "Ligneous Periodontitis in a Patient with Type 1 Plasminogen Deficiency: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020 (March 26, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5680535.
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Background. Ligneous periodontitis or destructive membranous periodontal disease is a rare condition involving gingival tissues, which is due to plasminogen deficiency and fibrin deposition. Plasminogen deficiency is an ultrarare autosomal recessive disease. The disease is characterized by gingival enlargement and periodontal tissue destruction that leads to rapid tooth loss despite treatment attempts. A defect in fibrinolysis and abnormal wound healing are the main pathogenesis of this condition. It is caused by mutations in PLG, the gene coding for plasminogen, which results in decreased levels and functional activity. Case Presentation. In this case report, clinical and histopathological findings of a 26-year-old male patient who presented with generalized membranous gingival enlargement are presented. He was the third child of consanguineous parents and had multicystic congenital hydrocephalus at birth. Besides the gingival enlargement, he also presented ligneous conjunctivitis since childhood. The intraoral examination revealed generalized periodontal breakdown. Radiographs showed alveolar bone loss present in every quadrant. All blood investigations were normal except for plasminogen deficiency. A biopsy sample was excised from affected gingiva and a series of histopathological evaluation was performed. Based on clinical and histopathological evidence, a diagnosis of destructive membranous periodontal disease or ligneous periodontitis was made. A clinical exome assay for the PLG gene was also done. It was confirmed as Type 1 plasminogen deficiency. Conclusion. Ligneous periodontitis has been rarely reported in India. The reasons could be because of the rarity of the disease or missed diagnosis. The need to take a proper history and perform a proper clinical examination and histopathologic evaluation has to be stressed when diagnosing and treating gingival enlargements. If a genetic condition is suspected, genetic screening is also needed. All these will help the clinician in correctly diagnosing the disease and formulating a proper treatment plan for managing the condition.
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Kdkhodazadeh, Mahdi, Mehrdad Hajilooi, Behzad Houshmand, Sara Khazaei, Leila Gholami, and Sara Alijani. "Evaluation of PECAM-1 Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Periodontal Disease and Healthy Individuals." ISRN Dentistry 2012 (March 5, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/751920.
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Objective. Our aim in this paper was to investigate the possible genetic association between three Ser563Asn, Leu125Val and Arg670Gly polymorphisms of the PECAM-1 gene and periodontitis. Methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood of 105 periodontal patient (52 with chronic periodontitis and 53 with aggressive periodontitis) and 101 healthy individuals. Samples were genotyped and analyzed for the three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PECAM-1 using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSPs). Results. A statistically significant difference was found between the genotypic distribution of the Ser563Asn polymorphism in patients with periodontitis compared to controls (P=0.02). But there were no statistically significant difference between the allele frequencies in the different groups (P=0.05). The other two polymorphisms did not show a statistically significant difference in their allele and genotype frequencies between the groups. There was no statistically significant difference found for any of the polymorphisms allele and genotype distribution in aggressive and chronic periodontitis either. Conclusions. No significant association was found between the polymorphism tested and the subgroups of periodontitis, further research is still necessary to determine whether this polymorphism can be used as a genetic marker of periodontitis.
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Schulz, Susanne, Natalie Pütz, Elisa Jurianz, Hans-Günter Schaller, and Stefan Reichert. "Are There Any Common Genetic Risk Markers for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Diseases? A Case-Control Study." Mediators of Inflammation 2019 (February 12, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2907062.
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Background. Several studies suggest that there is a biologically plausible connection between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal diseases (PD). Both disorders are characterized as multifactorial diseases potentially sharing common risk factors. Based on the inflammatory nature of RA and PD, the impact of genetic variations of genes of the immune system on both diseases was studied in this study.Materials and Methods. We conducted a case-control study (n=201) comparing 101 RA patients suffering from periodontal disease of different severities (no/mild PD vs. severe PD) with 100 systemically healthy controls without RA and severe PD. The genotype, allele, and haplotype distributions of 22 SNPs of 13 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed applying sequence-specific PCR.Results. Evaluating the impact of cytokine SNPs in RA, we identified the G allele of rs1801275 in IL4Rα(p=0.043) and the G allele of rs361525 in TNFα(p=0.005) as disease-associated risk factors in bivariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, these significant associations could not be proven. The A allele of rs2430561 in IFNγwas indicative for severe periodontitis among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (p=0.039). Investigating the impact of rs2430561 in IFNγon comorbidity using binary logistic regression analyses, the A allele was confirmed as an independent risk factor for severe periodontal disease and RA (p=0.024).Conclusions. These results emphasize the association of genetic variations in proinflammatory cytokines (TNFαand IFNγ) and cytokine receptor (IL4Rα) and RA and periodontal diseases. In multivariate analyses, the A allele of IFNγwas proven to be a significant marker of RA and PD comorbidities. The study broadens the knowledge about disease-specific differences in genetic composition and provides an improved understanding of a possible association of both diseases.
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Buzinin, Samira Mukhtar, Aied Mohammed Alabsi, Alexander Tong Boon Tan, Vui King Vincent-Chong, and Dasan Swaminathan. "Effects of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Clinical Response, Microbiological Profile, and Glycemic Control in Malaysian Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/232535.
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The association between diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontal disease has long been established. Most of the researches linking these two very common chronic diseases were based on type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontal disease. However, this study was conducted to investigate the association between type 1 diabetes and chronic periodontal disease in Malaysian subjects. Forty-one Malaysian subjects, of which 20 subjects were type 1 diabetics and with chronic periodontal disease (test group) and 21 subjects with only chronic periodontal disease (control group), were included in the study. Periodontal parameters and plaque samples for microbiological evaluation were done at baseline, 2 and 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Blood samples were taken from only the test group and evaluated for HbA1c at baseline and 3 months after periodontal therapy. There were no statistically significant difference in periodontal parameters between groups (P>0.05) and no significant improvement in the level of HbA1c in the test group. Microbiological studies indicated that there were significant reductions in the levels of the tested pathogens in both groups. The results of our study were similar to the findings of several other studies that had been done previously.
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Pant, Bhawana Neupane, Rajesh Kumar Goit, Biswas Satyal, and Abhishek Poudel. "Prevalence of Periodontitis among the People with Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 18, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v18i2.38915.
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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic high level of blood sugar with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease which leads to the destruction of the periodontal ligament fibers and alveolar bone until tooth loss. Among the several factors that may manifest periodontitis like aging, genetic factors, poor oral hygiene, obesity and virulence of the attacking micro-organisms, type 2 diabetes mellitus has received the greatest attention.
Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the association type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal condition among population in mid-western region of Nepal.
Methods: We screened 200 subjects of age group from 30 to 50 years and divided into two groups: Group I – diabetic person and Group II were non diabetic. Oral examination was done to get the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need score and correlation between Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease was determined.
Results: Our result showed strong correlation between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. When the evaluation was done for prevalence of periodontal disease according to diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in diabetic person compared to non-diabetic individuals (88% vs 74.4%, P=0.03). [Odds Ratio = 11.826 and 95% confidence interval: 5.415-21.828].
Conclusion: Provided Diabetes mellitus related morbidity and mortality is burgeoning in our society and it is imperative to identify right indicators of periodontal disease for specific population.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Periodontal Disease,Genetic evaluation"
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BALDINI, ALBERTO. "Valutazione della suscettibilità genetica alla malattia parodontale con analisi dei polimorfismi in una popolazione italiana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28145.
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Hennig, Branwen Johanna Wanda. "Genetic polymorphisms and early-onset periodontal diseases." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311107.
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Yiu, Kar-yung Cynthia. "Evaluation of interdental cleaning in adolescents and young adults in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12556518.
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Loo, Tjing Yung, and 魯慶榮. "Profiles of cytokines and inflammatory mediators: implications in periodontal assessment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45893305.
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Puglisi, Rosario. "Evaluation of instrumentation systems for periodontal mechanical treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461097.
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A major objective in the treatment of periodontitis is to reduce supra-gingival and sub-gingival plaque, dental calculus, and prevent recolonization of
periodontal pockets by pathogenic bacteria{{117 Braun,A. 2005; 118 Dragoo,M.R. 1992; 119 Kocher,T. 2000; 120 Loos,B. 1987;}}. It is important for
the clinician to achieve a controlled surface free of calculus and an optimal oral hygiene control by patients{{88 Keogh,T.P. 1993; 90 Alves,R.V. 2004;
89 Alves,R.V. 2005;}}.
Previous studies have reported beneficial results from scaling and root planning in both clinical and microbiological aspects.{{139 Caffesse,R.G. 1986;
140 Huerzeler,M.B. 1998; 141 Leknes,K.N. 1994; 120 Loos,B. 1987; 143 Quirynen,M. 1990;}}
The aim of this study is to provide new and relevant data on scaling and root planing methods in order to value the effectiveness (different changes in
plaque index, probing pocket depth, attachment level, and bleeding on probing) and the morbidity of four different instrumentation systems
(sensitivity and pain). The main objective is to analyze individually each instrument to analyze the effectiveness and the morbidity; the secondary
objective is to compare the various instrumentation systems with the "gold standard" for scaling and root planing (Curettes + Ultrasound).
Objectives: The results of this study will provide new relevant data on scaling and root planing methods.
Main Objective:
The main objective is to analyze the clinical effectiveness of 4 different instrumentation systems and compare the results, in terms of clinical
attachment level gain, to non surgical periodontal therapy (periodontal debridement).
Secondary Objectives:
1. To analyze the post-treatment morbidity for each method.
2. To analyze the working-time for each method.
Focus of the Thesis to achieve the objectives:
This in vivo study compared the effectiveness and morbidity of four different instruments using a split mouth design.
Patients were chosen at the first visit to the department of Periodontology of the Dental Clinic of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya UIC.
On the first visit patients underwent a comprehensive periodontal examination. The operator carried out an initial examination of the patient and
filled out a questionnaire relevant to the patient’s general information.
A Periodontal examination was performed with a periodontal probe (HU-Friedy® - Chicago.IL.USA - COD: PCPUNC15 30 - CP15) and a periodontal
chart used in the University Dental Clinic .
The following parameters were examined:
- plaque index (PI) {{171 O'Leary,T.J. 1972;}}
- probing pocket depth (PPD)
- probing attachment level (PAL)
- bleeding on probing (BOP) {{170 Benamghar,L. 1982;}}
- gingival recession (REC): measurement from the cementum-enamel junction to the gingival marginal crest
- mobility (MOB) (Miller 1950)
- furcation involvement (FI) (Hamp et al. 1975)
- sensitivity (tested by the operator)
After completion of initial screening, each patient (that met the selection criteria) was informed about his/her periodontal status and the clinical
study.
Each patient agreed to participate by signing a consent form. No patient was admitted to the study until the Informed Consent Form is signed.
Twenty (20) patients were selected to obtain the statistical significance of the results and the analyses was performed using a statistical program
(Stratigrafics for Windows). A power calculation before the initiation of this study revealed that a sample size of 17 patients was necessary to detect a
difference of 1 mm for each clinical parameter, assuming a maximal mean - standard deviation of 1 mm.
Inclusion criteria:
- Patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis
- PPD : at least two sites with probing depth ≥4mm per multi-rooted teeth, and at least three sites with probing depth ≥4mm for all
remaining teeth, per quadrant. (like in other studies) (44).
- Systemically healthy patient
Exclusion criteria
- Patients who had had antibiotic therapy in the last 2 month or during the study
- Patient less of 18 years old
- Smokers
- Pregnant woman
- Remaining dentition of less than 20 teeth
- Recent periodontal treatment
- Allergies to local anesthetics
- Physically handicapped subject and/or with mental disorders, who cannot assume proper plaque control
- Aggressive periodontitis
- Acute periodontal or endodontic infection
- Systemic disease:
- Cardiovascular disease: uncontrolled hypertension, stable and unstable angina, recent heart attack (<1 month), heart attack (> 1
month without symptoms), arrhythmias, heart failure.
- Lung disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis
- Gastrointestinal disease: chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, pseudomembranous colitis, renal disease.
- Genitourinary disease: chronic renal failure, sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, papillomavirus
infection).
- Endocrine and metabolic disease: diabetes mellitus, renal failure, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, uncontrolled tiroiditis, thyroid
cancer, pregnancy and lactation.
- Immune disease: HIV infection and related conditions, connective tissue disorders (lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris,
penfogoide, Sjogren's syndrome), organ transplant (heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, bone marrow).
- Hematological disorders: Anemia, agranulocytosis, cyclic neutropenia, leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphomas, thrombocytopenia,
vascular wall, hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, primary
fibrinogenolisis.
- Oncological disease: patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
- Psychiatric illness, disease of the behavior, neurological disease: epilepsy, Parkinson's syndrome, anxiety, eating disorders, delirium,
schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder untreated.
This in vivo study compared four different instruments using a split mouth design. The split mouth design selected for this study is the division of the
mouth into 4 parts, each part corresponded to a quadrant. Four groups were formed (one for each instrument) and each quadrant (of each patient)
was assigned to one clinically randomized group. The realization of treatment for each patient was made randomly using an informatical function of
randomization.
Groups
Group A: curettes (Hu-Friedy®)
Specific curettes were used following this plan:
Gracey curettes 5/6 --- anterior teeth
Gracey curettes 11/12 --- mesial surface of premolar and molar
Gracey curettes 13/14 --- distal surface of premolar and molar
Group B: conventional piezoelectric ultrasound (Suprasson P-5 Booster - Satelec®) was applied at a power between 11 and 12 with the
insert n.1 (Satelec®). The minute vibration frequency of this ultrasound is 28-36 KHz.
Group C: diamond burs 40 µm (Intensiv Perioset®) at 3,000 rpm.
Group D: piezoelectric ultrasound - Piezosurgery 3 - Mectron® was applied in On/Mode Periodontics (ROOT) mode with the insert PP1 at a
power between 2 and 3. The minute vibration frequency of this ultrasound is 24-36 KHz.
One reevaluation visit was performed 1 week after the treatment of each quadrant and a questionnaire was used to analyze the post-treatment
morbidity. During this visit only the hypersensibility of each tooth was tested with an air-stimulation by the operator.
At 8 weeks a data collection was performed by an expert periodontist (A.S.) who was blinded to the study. All important parameters for this study
were recorded (as we mentioned for the Periodontal examination).
The pooled data at baseline and two months after instrumentation were then used for the statistical analysis. Each clinical parameter (plaque index,
probing pocket depth, probing attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, mobility, furcation involvement and sensitivity) was analyzed
for each group and for a comparison between the groups.
The comparison of the four instrumentation systems find out the method that shows better results.
Results
At 8-week re-evaluation, regarding attachment level gain and probing pocket reduction, Gracey’s curettes, conventional ultrasound, and ultrasound
Piezosurgery resulted statistical more effective when compared with diamond burs. Regarding to chair side time, a statistical difference was shown
(p<0.001) when suprasson ultrasound and ultrasound Piezosurgery were compared with the others instruments. The post-treatment morbidity after
scaling and root planning was not statistical difference for all the analysed instrumentations.
The statistical difference was shown between baseline and weeks 1 and 4, and between weeks 1 and 8, and between weeks 4 and 8, when all the
results were evaluated together.
Better results at 8-week re-evaluation were obtained from the use of conventional ultrasonic device: 3.04 ± 2.39 (SD) but no statistical significance
difference was shown (p>0.05) when compared with other groups.
Conclusions
Conventional Gracey curettes (Hu-Friedy®), conventional ultrasound (P-5 Booster Suprasson Satelec®) and ultrasound Piezosurgery Mectron® are
more effective clinically when compared with diamond burs 40 µm (Intensiv Perioset®). The ultrasound instrumentation showed better results in
terms of chair side time.
Clinical Relevance
The use of conventional curettes, conventional ultrasound and ultrasonic piezoelectric Mectron device prove to be more effective than 40 µm
diamond burs in the non-surgical periodontal treatment.
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Lou, Xuemei. "Methods Evaluation and Application in Complex Human Genetic Disease." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06122008-114358/.
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One of the most important tasks in human genetics is to search for disease susceptibility genes. Linkage and association analyses are two major approaches for disease-gene mapping. Chapter 1 reviewed the development of disease-gene mapping methods in the past decades. Gene mapping of complex human diseases often results in the identification of multiple potential risk variants within a gene and/or in the identification of multiple genes within a linkage peak. Thus a question of interest is to test whether the linkage result can be explained in part or in full by the candidate SNP if it shows evidence of association, and then provide some guidance for the next time-consuming step of positional cloning of susceptibility genes. Two methods, GIST and LAMP, which access whether the SNP can partially or fully account for the linkage signal in the region identified by a linkage scan, are evaluated on Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 (GAW15) simulated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) data and discussed in Chapter 2. The simulation results showed that GIST is simple and works slightly better than LAMP-LE test when there is little linkage evidence, LAMP linkage test has limited power when there is not much linkage evidence, and LAMP association test is the best not only when the linkage evidence is extremely high, but also when there is some LD between the candidate SNP and the trait locus. The fact that complex traits are often determined by multiple genetic and environmental factors with small-to-moderate effects makes it important to investigate the behavior of current association methods under multiple risk variants model. In Chapter 3, we compared APL, FBAT, LAMP, APL-Haplotype, FBAT-LC and APL-OSA conditional test in five multiple risk variants models. The simulation results showed that the power of single marker association tests is closely correlated with the amount of LD between marker and disease loci, and these tests maintain good power to detect multiple risk variants in a small region with moderate degree of LD for fully genotyped families. Global tests, such as FBAT-LC are sensitive to the presence of at least one susceptibility variant, but are not helpful for selecting the most promising SNPs for further study. We reported that if multiple haplotypes are associated with different disease loci, the haplotype tests results can be misleading while APL-OSA conditional test has the greatest power to properly dissect the clustered associated markers for all models with an acceptable type I error rate ranging from 0.033 to 0.056. We applied APL-OSA conditional test on GENECARD samples, and got reasonable results. One linkage region of particular interest on chromosome 3 was identified by two independent genome linkage scan with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Multiple disease susceptibility genes have been reported from this region, and there are also linkage evidence that this region may harbors a gene or genes determining HDL-C levels. Within this region, a search for HDL-C QTL and analyses of the relationship between genetic variants, HDL-C level to CAD risk are discussed in Chapter 4. We performed CAD association and HDL-C QTL analysis on two independent datasets. We identified SNP rs2979307 in the OSBPL11 gene which survives a Bonferroni correction. We observed different HDL-C trends with HDL-C associated SNPs. Even with the evident heterogeneity presented in our CAD population, we detected several association signals with SNPs in KALRN, MYLK, CDGAP and PAK2 genes in both CAD datasets for HDL-C, where all these genes belong to a Rho pathway.
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Yap, Benjamin C. M. "Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of porphyrin-antibiotic adducts targeting porphyromonas gingivalis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28209.
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The aim of the project was to rationally design, synthesise and evaluate porphyrin-based
growth inhibitors for the anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key etiological
agent implicated in destructive periodontitis. Periodontal diseases are caused by harmful
bacteria that are present on the tooth’s surface and adjacent epithelium in the form of a
biofilm. The biofilm is a complex microflora of bacteria and the Gram—negative anaerobes that
predominate in the epithelial biofilm are of particular interest with respect to periodontal
disease. A goal of this research was to resolve the missing link in Koch’s postulates
establishing P. gingivalis as a key causative bacterium implicated in destructive periodontitis,
which has still not been answered due to the lack of a drug that selectively eliminates it from
the complex microflora in the biofilm.
In the process of developing a therapeutic agent to inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis, the
acquisition pathway for haem 1 was investigated. This is because P. gingivalis has an absolute
requirement for exogeneous haem 1 as a growth factor. Optimal haem 1 uptake by P.
gingivalis utilises characteristic surface proteins, the gingipains, for haemolysis, haemoglobin
proteolysis and haem 1 capture. The highly conserved HA2 domain embedded in the
haemagglutinin domain of the gingipains, is reported to act as a haemophore to capture and
bind haem 1 which allows the utilisation of this feature for targeted inhibition.
Previous work has established that the HA2 receptor recognises the porphyrin macrocycle
with the particular requirement for a free propionic acid side-chain rather than recognition of
the coordinated metal ion through chelation, a process used by other organisms with the HasA
porphyrin receptor. Current treatment of periodontal disease involves the use of antibiotics as
an adjunct to physical debridement. Metronidazole 2 is a potent nitroimidazole antibiotic with
excellent activity against anaerobes. However, its broad spectrum of activity results in
unwanted side effects. Consequently, work was set out to design and synthesise a porphyrin—
antibiotic adduct that would act as a “Trojan horse” to improve the delivery of 2 into P.
gingivalis.
In this work, various porphyrin-antibiotic adducts were designed as potential highly selective
P. gingivalis inhibitors, a key point being that they are based on the use of free-base
porphyrins to render them unpalatable to other organisms. In the process, a porphyrin—
antibiotic adduct 25a and 25b in which metronidazole 2 was directly attached to DPIX 6 by
an ester linkage was found to show much higher selectivity for P. gingivalis than to other
bacteria. A porphyrin—antibiotic adduct 31/32 in which the amine derivative of metronidazole
33 was directly attached to 6 by an amide linkage was found to be two—fold more active than 2
in inhibiting growth of P. gingivalis and twenty-fold more potent than 37 indicating that
adduct 31/32 acts as a single entity at the cell’s surface. The methyl ester version of this
adduct 37/38, in contrast, is not recognised by HA2 and is ineffective in inhibiting P.
gingivalis, leading to the conclusion that capture by HA2 may be necessary for activity of the
adducts. The mixture of the two regioisomers of the amide linked mono—metronidazole
adducts 31 and 32 were resolved by HPLC and were shown to have similar activities to each
other and to the mixture itself, suggesting that separation of the isomers is not crucial.
Adduct 40a and 40b whereby 33 was attached to DPIX 6 through a lysine was found to be as
potent as 2. However, efforts to improve its water solubility and potency by modifying the
lysine side—chain proved unsuccessful. This suggests limitations with respect to the amount of
modifications that can be carried out on the porphyrin—antibiotic adducts. Through this, new
insights were provided into the initially proposed HA2 binding site and a refinement of the
binding site was established to aid the design of future drugs.
An active lysine—linked porphyrin-antibiotic adduct 70a and 70b linked to a peptide-biotin
compound through the lysine side-chain was synthesised and was shown to be specifically
cleaved by the lysine—specific gingipains. When biotin 60 is replaced with an antibody to give
the adduct 67a and 67b, the adduct 67a and 67b has the potential to localise at the surface of
the diseased epithelium and provides the opportunity to create a depot of adducts localised at
the disease site and offer a targeted delivery approach. Synthetic efforts using Se-S chemistry
to link pophyrin—antibiotic adducts to proteins such as antibodies specific to an antigen
expressed on the surface of diseased epithelium are also discussed.
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Lu, Qian. "Expression and regulation of human [beta]-defensins in gingival epithelia." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36613708.
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Pinheiro, Regina Márcia Serpa. "Evaluation of microbial and salivary parameters in disease periodontal associated with diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus." Universidade de Taubaté, 2010. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=435.
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The present cross-sectional study aimed to validate different biological factors relate to periodontal and diabetes diseases. Objective: Our study compared microbiological and salivary parameters of diabetics and non diabetics subjects matched by periodontal profile. Method: A total of 29 diabetic and 32 non diabetic subjects were included in this survey. The study population, allocated in Porto Velho-RO, Brazil, was submitted to clinical periodontal examinations, such as: Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL), Plaque index (PI) and Gingival index (GI) as well as salivary, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin tests. Additionally, the presence of Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forshythia and Campylobacter rectus was performed by Polimerase Chain Reaction. Results: We observed the following clinical results: at the TG, mean values of PPD, CAL, PI and GI were respectively (2.410.64); (2.761.66); (0.460.24; (0.280.15) while at the CG were (2.550.71); (2.381.72); (0.400.24); (0.340.20). According to microbiological data we observed that the most prevalent pathogens in both groups were P. gingivalis (TG: 86.2%; CG:90,6%) and T. forsythia (TG: 93,1%; CG: 96,8%). Took in consideration parameters such as: Weight, body mass index and saliva we also verified no statistically significant differences between groups, on the other hand, the mean rates of glucose in diabetic patients were higher (p<0.05) than non diabetic subjects. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that salivary and microbial factors did not differ between groups, so these factors were not represent an important tool to characterize differences between diabetic and non diabetic patients. Then, we also recommend a different approaches, such as, longitudinal studies to validate these biological factors in the relationship of periodontal disease and diabetes.A fundamentação do presente estudo foi o de validar alguns fatores biológicos importantes na associação doença periodontal e diabetes em estudo do tipo transversal. Objetivo: Foi comparar o perfil microbiano e salivar de indivíduos diabéticos (GT) em relação a não diabéticos (GC) equilibrados sob características clínicas periodontais Método: Foram incluídos 29 indivíduos diabéticos e 32 não-diabéticos, de ambos os gêneros, alocados em Porto Velho/RO e submetidos a exames laboratoriais como glicemia de jejum e hemoglobina glicada. Foi realizada ainda avaliação clínica bucal incluindo mensurações de profundidade de bolsa (PS), perda de inserção clínica (PIC), índice de placa (IP) e gengival (IG) para estabelecimento do diagnóstico periodontal. Exames microbianos foram realizados para avaliar a presença de Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevoltella intermedia, Tannerella forshythia, e Campylobacter rectus por Reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os exames salivares avaliaram pH, fluxo salivar, capacidade tampão e concentração de glicose na saliva. Resultados: Os valores médios e desvio-padrão dos parâmetros clínicos de PS, PIC, IP e IG foram respectivamente: GT (2,410,64); (2,761,66); (0,460,24; (0,280,15) e GC (2,550,71); (2,381,72); (0,400,24); (0,340,20). Na análise microbiológica, os patógenos mais prevalentes em ambos os grupos foram P. gingivalis e T. forsythia (GT: 86,2%; GC: 90,6%) e (GT: 93,1%; GC: 96,8%). Peso, Indice de massa corporal (IMC) e análise salivar, apresentaram-se iguais em ambos os grupos. As taxas glicêmicas dos indivíduos diabéticos foram superiores (p<0,05) as dos indivíduos não diabéticos. Conclusão: Após avaliação dos resultados concluímos que os fatores microbianos e salivares não diferiram entre os grupos examinados, logo estes fatores não foram importantes na caracterização de diabéticos e não diabéticos neste modelo de estudo. A condução de estudos longitudinais poderá elucidar a validade destes fatores biológicos na relação doença periodontal e diabetes.
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Barbosa, Marcela Di Moura 1989. "Índices CPI e PSR na avaliação da doença periodontal em adultos e idosos = CPI and PSR index on evaluation of periodontal disease in adults and seniors." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289494.
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Orientadores: Karina Gonzales Silvério Ruiz, Cristiane Ribeiro SalmonDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: As doenças periodontais são doenças inflamatórias crônicas que afetam os tecidos periodontais de suporte do dente podendo ser destrutivas ou não. A identificação dessas doenças em estudos epidemiológicos é feita com o uso de índices periodontais que visam simplificar a coleta dos dados e possibilitar a identificação da doença em grandes populações. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar as condições de saúde bucal da população do Município de Jundiaí, SP, determinando a prevalência das condições periodontais em indivíduos adultos e idosos comparando o Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI) e o Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR), descrever o perfil demográfico, socioeconômico, o acesso a serviços odontológicos e os hábitos de higiene bucal e verificar a associação entre condições socioeconômicas, demográficas, hábitos de higiene bucal, utilização de serviço odontológico e tabagismo com a doença periodontal. Este estudo transversal foi realizado no Município de Jundiaí, Estado de São Paulo, entre o período de abril a setembro/2014. Foram estudados 372 indivíduos adultos (35 a 44 anos de idade) e 162 idosos (65 a 74 anos de idade) residentes no Município de Jundiaí e visitados em suas residências. Participaram da coleta de dados 5 Cirurgiões-Dentistas que passaram por calibração, apresentando concordância para os índices CPI e PSR de 63 a 91%, com Kappa variando de 0,63 a 0,76. Para as características demográficas e socioeconômicas, hábitos de higiene bucal, informações sobre saúde bucal, utilização de serviço odontológico e condições periodontais, foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados para a população adulta e idosa, apresentada como valores absolutos (n) e prevalência (%). A diferença entre a média de sextantes afetados com cada condição periodontal para os índices CPI e PSR foi avaliada pelo teste T pareado. Verificou-se que 68% dos adultos e 60,5% dos idosos examinados eram do sexo feminino, 46% e 37% têm renda familiar de 4 salários mínimos ou mais, respectivamente. 57,3% dos adultos e 64,2% dos idosos afirmaram desconhecer o que é a doença periodontal. 58,6% dos adultos com profundidade de bolsa ?4mm afirmaram ter vivido uma infância pobre ou muito pobre e 73,9% afirmaram que a situação econômica atual estava melhor que a da infância. Comparando-se os índices CPI e PSR, houve diferença estatística significativa para o diagnóstico de sextantes saudáveis, presença de bolsa rasa (código 3, bolsa periodontais de 4mm a 5mm) e bolsa profunda (código 4, bolsas com profundidade de sondagem ?6mm), sendo que o índice CPI subestimou a periodontite e superestimou os sextantes saudáveis quando comparado aos resultados de PSR. Escolaridade, situação econômica na infância, frequência de visita ao dentista, uso de fio dental e tabagismo, estiveram associados a maior prevalência de doença periodontal na população adulta. Por outro lado, somente o intervalo de tempo desde a última consulta odontológica e o fato do indivíduo ser ex-fumante estiveram associados a maior prevalência de doença periodontal nos indivíduos idosos
Abstract: Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the periodontal tissues of tooth support and can be destructive or not. The identification of these diseases in epidemiological studies is made with the use of periodontal index to simplify data collection and enable the identification of disease in large populations. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of the population of the city of Jundiaí, SP. Determinate the prevalence of periodontal conditions in adults and elderly subjects by comparing the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR). Describe the demographic and socioeconomic profile, access to dental services and oral hygiene habits. Determinate the association between socioeconomic and demographic conditions, oral hygiene, dental service use and smoking habits with periodontal disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Jundiaí, São Paulo, between the period April to September / 2014. 372 adults (35-44 years old) were studied and 162 elderly (65-74 years old) residing in the city of Jundiaí and visited in their homes. Participated in data collection 5 dentists who pass through calibration, with agreement for the CPI and PSR rates 63-91%, with kappa ranging from 0.63 to 0.76. For demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, information on oral health, dental service utilization and periodontal conditions, the descriptive analysis of data was performed for adult and elderly population, presented as absolute (n) and prevalence (%). It was found that 68% of adults and 60.5% of elderly participants were female, 46% and 37% have household income of R$3000,00 or more, respectively. 57.3% of adults and 64.2% of the elderly said unaware of what is periodontal disease. 58.6% of adults with pocket probing depth ?4mm said they lived a poor or very poor children and 73.9% said that the current economic situation was better than that of childhood. Comparing the CPI and PSR levels, there was statistically significant difference for the diagnosis of healthy sextants, presence of shallow pocket (code 3, periodontal pocket 4mm to 5mm) and deep pocket (code 4, probing depth ?6mm), where CPI index underestimated periodontitis and overestimated healthy sextants when compared to the PSR results. Education, economic status in childhood, frequency of dental visits, use of dental wire and smoking were associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal disease in the adult population. On the other hand, only the time interval since the last dental visit and the fact that the former smokers were associated with higher prevalence of periodontal disease in the elderly
Mestrado
Periodontia
Mestra em Clínica Odontológica
Books on the topic "Periodontal Disease,Genetic evaluation"
1
Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7.
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Junya, Kobayashi, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
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3
Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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4
Heinrichs, E. A. Genetic evaluation for insect resistance in rice. Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1985.
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5
Shaw, Michael Jeremy. Oral and dental disease in handicapped adults: An evaluation of methods of improving and maintaining the healthof the periodontal structures. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.
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6
Kahlenberg, Morton S. Hereditable cancer syndromes: Evaluation, treatment and the role of the surgical oncologist. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 2009.
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B, Hall Richard, Hanna Roger D, Nyong'o Risper N, and International Energy Agency, eds. Joint proceedings, International Energy Agency: 1991 joint meeting of the Task V activity groups on Exchange of Genetic Material, Pest/Disease Management and Joint Trials of Alnus, Populus, and Salix, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa USA, August 22-27, 1991 : and a workshop of the Task II activity group on Evaluation of Alnus Species and Hybrids, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, August 8-10, 1988. Ames, Iowa: Dept. of Forestry, Iowa State University, 1993.
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Genetic Evaluation for Insect Resistance in Rice. Agribookstore, 1985.
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Medrano, E. G., H. Rapusas, and E. A. Heinrichs. Genetic Evaluation for Insect Resistance in Rice. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 1985.
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Genetic improvement of trees and shrubs, pest/disease control, exchange, evaluation and joint testing for energy purposes. Ås, Norway: Agricultural University of Norway, Advisory Service, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Periodontal Disease,Genetic evaluation"
1
Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "Genetic Variability and Periodontal Disease." In Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease, 191–214. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03010-9_6.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "Classification of Periodontal Diseases." In Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7_1.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "Clinical Utility of Genetic Knowledge." In Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease, 131–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7_10.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L. "Clinical Trials Principles for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Drugs in Periodontal Disease Treatment." In Understanding Periodontal Research, 441–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28923-1_14.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "Modifying Disease Genes in Relation to Periodontitis." In Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease, 31–112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7_4.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "Evidence for the Role of Genetic Variants in Periodontitis." In Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease, 15–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7_2.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "A Gene Mutation of Major Effect on Human Disease and Its Association with Periodontitis." In Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease, 21–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7_3.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "Heritability of Chronic Periodontitis." In Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease, 113–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7_5.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "Heritability of Aggressive Periodontitis." In Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease, 117–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7_6.
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Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L., and Junya Kobayashi. "Heritability of Gingivitis." In Genetic Variants in Periodontal Health and Disease, 121–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00680-7_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Periodontal Disease,Genetic evaluation"
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Wulandari, Pitu, and Elza Ibrahim Auerkari. "Aging Process Immunity and Its Relation with Periodontal Disease in Genetic Aspect." In International Dental Conference of Sumatera Utara 2017 (IDCSU 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/idcsu-17.2018.58.
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Moriyama, Yusuke, Chonho Lee, Susumu Date, Yoichiro Kashiwagi, Yuki Narukawa, Kazunori Nozaki, and Shinya Murakami. "Evaluation of Dental Image Augmentation for the Severity Assessment of Periodontal Disease." In 2019 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csci49370.2019.00176.
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Vieira, René Aloisio da Costa, William Eduardo Pirola, Eliane Marçon Barroso, Ricardo Ribeiro Gama, Martins Fideles dos Santos Neto, Marcos Alves de Lima, and Idam de Oliveira-Junior. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND BREAST CANCER: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2012.
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Objective: The present study evaluates a possible association between breast cancer and periodontal disease (PD) as a risk factor. Materials and Methods: Ethics approval 3.462.635. This is a systematic review of the literature combined with a meta-analysis. Five databases were searched, and relevant studies published were retrieved and screened. The articles were evaluated and subsequently synthesized using the PRISMA methodology. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association between PD and the risk of breast cancer were calculated. Results: Initially, 712 were identified, and after abstract analysis, 14 articles were selected for qualitative evaluation, and 11 presented sufficient data for meta-analysis. We selected cohort studies (prospective and retrospective) and case–control studies. Literature reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical case reports were excluded. Regarding 233,215 women, the meta-analysis showed that PD increases the risk of developing breast cancer, OR=1.619, 95%CI 1.544–1.698, and this positive association was present in seven studies. Conclusion: PD increases the risk of breast cancer. Since the quality of the studies was heterogeneous, further studies with improved methods are needed to better quantify the risk.
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Kašná, E., L. Zavadilová, and Z. Krupová. "114. Genetic evaluation of cystic ovarian disease in Czech Holstein cattle." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_114.
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Ferreira, Nancy, Darley Ferreira, and Thais Ferreira. "GENETIC EVALUATION OF MICROCALCIFICATIONS AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2101.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most recurring type of cancer among women, with reduced mortality at an initial stage of lesion. From a radiological perspective, perceived microcalcifications may be associated with histological findings such as proliferative injuries with or without atypical features and ductal carcinoma in situ. Currently, percutaneous and vacuum biopsies allow for the correlation between anatomoradiological and identification of previous lesions and those that offer the risk of cancer. No biomarker has been established to predict the risk of cancer in women diagnosed with benign mammary disease. Doing so could strengthen the possibility of stratifying the individual risk of benign injuries for cancer. The platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) plays its part in tumor oncogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and its activation is found in some kinds of cancer. In contrast, DNA methylation standards are initial changes to the development of cancer and may be helpful in its early identification, being regulated by a family of enzymes called DNMTs (DNA methyltransferase). Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of BI-RADS® 4 and 5 mammary microcalcification women carriers and determine the level of the gene expression of possible molecular markers in 37 patients with mammary microcalcification (paraffin blocks) and 26 patients with breast cancer (fresh in RNA later tissue) cared for at the Hospital Barão de Lucena’s Mastology Ambulatory. Anatomoradiological aspects along with clinical findings have been evaluated , and percentage rates have been calculated. The PDGFRA and DNMTs (DMNT3a) gene expressions have been established using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), with the use of β-actin as reference gene. Discussion: In the patients with mammary microcalcification, the average age was 55.9; predominantly whiteskinned subjects (p<0.014). Most of them were mothers (p<0.001), and the average menarche age was 13. The subgroups that presented greater significance were patients classified BI-RADS® in category IV (67.6%) and histological findings of nonproliferative lesion (p<0.001). Lesions of the ductal carcinoma in situ type (100%) presented positive estrogen and progesterone receptors, and 94.6% have undergone sectorectomy surgery by prior needling (p<0.001). The most damaged breast was the left one (62.2%), and the most affected quadrant was the top lateral one (59.5%) (p<0.001). There was no family history in 83.8% of the cases. In the tested microcalcification samples, it was not possible to observe the expression of PDGFRA. Nevertheless, 15 out of 37 patients with microcalcification showed an increase in the gene expression of DMNT3a, most of them greater than Luminal and triple-negative cancer types. Conclusion: The data presented here highlight the improvement on the description of BI-RADS® 4 subclassification in order to better conduct the clinical decision and also demonstrated the potential of DNMTs evaluation in microcalcification samples as a strategy to access the understanding about the role of these molecules in the breast cancer development.
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Souza, Thierry Kaue Alves Silva, Nara Maria Borges Alves, Fabiana Moraes, Felipe de Paula, Luciana Yasuda Suemitsu, Paula Azevedo, Luiza Piovesana, et al. "Cortical and subcortical atrophy in individuals with Huntington's disease and Huntington-like disease." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.551.
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Background: Huntington-like (HL) syndrome represents a group of diseases clinically similar to Huntington disease (HD) with different genetic etiology. Here, we aimed to compare clinical and neuroimaging features between HL and HD. Methods: We assessed 12 patients with HL (6 men; 53.66±13.02 years old) and 12 with HD (genetically confirmed, 6 men; 52.58±11.64 years old). All patients were followed at UNICAMP and were matched to sex, age, age at onset and duration of disease. They underwent 3T MRI scans, detailed neurological examination, the unified Huntington’s disease rating scale (UHDRS), the Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and the scale for the evaluation of rating ataxia (SARA). We APPLIED voxel-based morphometry technique (SPM12/CAT12/MATLAB software) to assess differences in the gray and white matters between groups and matched controls. Results: Groups were clinically similar, but the VBM study revealed widespread cortical (bilateral) and subcortical atrophy in HD (bilateral globi pallidi, amygdala, hippocampi, caudate and putamen), with a more restricted cortical (left temporal lobe) subcortical atrophy in HL (bilateral thalami, putamen and left hippocampus). Cortical atrophy in HL concentrated in the bilateral putamen. The left hippocampus were atrophic in both groups. Conclusion: Despite similar clinical presentation, patients with HL and HD have distinctive patterns of atrophy subcortical structures, mainly in the thalami. These results may raise insights into the underlying disease mechanisms in HL and HD and could be useful as biomarkers of disease progression in future therapy trials.
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Silva, Bruno Custódio, Tatiane Andressa Gasparetto, Fábio Biguelini Duarte, Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen, and Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa. "Clinical and neurological findings of a patient with type 2 neurofibromatosis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.069.
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Context: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease that predisposes to tumors development, especially schwannomas involving vestibular nerves. Case report: A 13-year-old girl, a couple’s daughter with no cases of genetic diseases in the family, had photophobia and recurrent left eye paralysis since she was 5 years old. At 11, she had dizziness at rest and on moving. Physical exam showed a lack of balance, weakness in the legs and bilateral papilledema. Cranial computed tomography revealed a bilateral vestibular nerve schwannoma. The increase in tumor volume led to obstructive hydrocephalus and hypertensive signs. She evolved with vision loss and magnetic resonance imaging showed ventricular dilation, thus she underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The patient reported a gradual worsening of balance when walking and episodes of sporadic headache, progressing to seizures treated with valproic acid. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed vision loss and small bilateral scotoma in campimetry. She reported occasional ear pain and audiometry showed mild bilateral hearing loss. A surgery plan was performed for tumor resection. Conclusions: The clinical findings and complementary exams were compatible with the diagnosis of NF2, which required ventricular shunt and indication for tumor removal, according to disease progression. Thus, these patients must be monitored, due to symptoms progression as well as oriented to family recurrence possibility.
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Vagg, Tamara, Barry Plant, Sabin Tabirca, and Joe Eustace. "INTERACTIVE VISUALISER WITH AUDIO FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS EDUCATION." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-045.
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Despite the growth of e-learning, its methods have yet to be incorporated into all educational modules within the discipline of medicine. As such, its integration into some educational methods for the study of complex diseases may benefit both students and trainees. In particular, the strategies demonstrated in blended, multimedia and web-based interactive platforms may enhance its overall communication. Cystic Fibrosis is a complex genetic disease which affects various parts of the body. These effects prove difficult to communicate through the written form alone and visual media elements are often incorporated to encourage a better understanding. However this foundational understanding of the disease has the potential to be enhanced further through the utilisation of e-learning techniques. In this paper, current content and resources in the field of e-learning for the disease Cystic Fibrosis and other complex lung diseases are compared and interrogated for possible areas of improvement and expansion. It was found that there was a lack of e-learning visualisers and simulators that demonstrated the mucus effects caused by Cystic Fibrosis within the lungs. As such, a Cystic Fibrosis visualiser and simulator was created using both 3D and web technologies and presented to medical students for evaluation. It was found that the visualiser aided in initial primary understanding of the mucus effects on the lungs, however, it was also found that it could not be used for further advanced teaching without improvements. In this way, it was established that the visualiser, in its simplicity, could be used to educate patients and families about Cystic Fibrosis mucus effects on the lungs.
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Hurtado, Remigio, Janneth Matute, and Juan Boni. "An analysis model for Machine Learning using Support Vector Machine for the prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001450.
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Diabetic Retinopathy is a public health disease worldwide, which shows that around one percent of the population suffers from this disease. Likewise, another one percent of patients in the population suffer from this disease, but it is not diagnosed. It is estimated that, within three years, millions of people will suffer from this disease. This will increase the percentage of vascular, ophthalmological and neurological complications, which will translate into premature deaths and deterioration in the quality of life of patients. That is why we face a great challenge, which is to predict and detect the signs of diabetic retinopathy at an early stage.For this reason, this paper presents a Machine Learning model focused on the optimization of a classification method using support vector machines for the early prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy. The optimization of the support vector machine consists of adjusting parameters such as: separation margin penalty between support vectors, separation kernel, among others. This method has been trained using an image dataset called Messidor. In this way, the extraction and preprocessing of the data is carried out to carry out a descriptive analysis and obtain the most relevant variables through supervised learning. In this sense, we can see that the most outstanding variables for the risk of diabetic retinopathy are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.For the evaluation of the proposed method we have used quality measures such as: MAE, MSE, RSME, but the most important are Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1 for the optimization of classification problems. Therefore, to show the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed method, we have used a public database, which has allowed us to accurately predict the signs of diabetic retinopathy. Our method has been compared with other relevant methods in classification problems, such as neural networks and genetic algorithms. The support vector machine has proven to be the best for its accuracy.In the state of the art, the works related to Diabetic Retinopathy are presented, as well as the outstanding works with respect to Machine Learning and especially the most outstanding works in Support Vector Machines. We have described the main parameters of the method and also the general process of the algorithm with the description of each step of the analysis model. We have included the values of hyper parameters experienced in the compared methods. In this way we present the best values of the parameters that have generated the best results.Finally, the most relevant results and the corresponding analysis are presented, where the results of the comparison made with the methods of Neural Networks, SVM and Genetic Algorithm will be evidenced. This study gives way to future research related to diabetic retinopathy with the aim of conjecturing the information and thus seeking a better solution.
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Assunção, Silvaleide Ataides, Vinicius Lemos Nascimento, Bruno Henrique de Aguiar Brito, Carolina Daher de Alencar Neves, Laura Queiroz da Silva, Pedro Vinicyus Novais e. Souza, Fernando Santos de Azevedo, and Lanúscia Morais de Santana. "NTRK MUTATION IN ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA: A RARE TYPE OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2072.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the neoplasms that most cause death in women. Among these, there are some subtypes of greater biological aggressiveness, such as triple negative and HER overexpressed, which are associated with greater recurrence and mortality. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), salivary gland type, represents less than 0.1% of primary breast carcinomas and has indolent biological behavior and favorable prognosis compared with nonspecial triplenegative types. Case Report: A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with locally advanced ACC in the right breast, with negative immunohistochemistry for hormone receptors and HER2, underwent quadrantectomy with upfront axillary dissection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. After 12 years of diagnosis, she presented significant back pain, with magnetic resonance imaging scan evidencing bone lesion without medullary involvement in D7 and L1 suggestive of the secondary implant. Anatomopathology revealed the same histology as the primary tumor. Re-evaluation of chest tomography showed progression of pulmonary disease, 5 months after diagnosis of the first metastasis, underwent segmentectomy, with descriptive pathology identical to the initial lesion. Due to the oligoprogression and tumor type, somatic genetic research of the lung material was requested, which revealed a mutation in the NTRK gene, patient is still waiting for Larotrectinib in court. Discussion: The tumor has an unusual histological type, rare occurrence, slow progression course, and the absence of lymph node metastasis; the average incidence is around age 60. In this case, a young patient presented an ACC tumor with lung and bone metastasis. Due to the rarity, there is no definitive consensus regarding the ideal treatment, with the literature referring to the choice of mastectomy. Conclusions: Although malignant breast neoplasms and nonspecial subtypes, such as ductal and triple negative, have a poor prognosis, breast carcinoma of this aforementioned type has a favorable prognosis. The search for driver mutations in cancers of special types, together with the advances in genetic medicine, allows satisfactory results with target-specific treatments.
Reports on the topic "Periodontal Disease,Genetic evaluation"
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Krauss, Ronald. CRADA Final Report: Genetic Testing for Evaluation of Heart Disease Risk. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157021.
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Wisniewski, Michael E., Samir Droby, John L. Norelli, Noa Sela, and Elena Levin. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the characterization of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600013.bard.
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Blue mold of apple caused by Penicilliumexpansumis a major postharvest disease. Selection for postharvest disease resistance in breeding programs has been ignored in favor of fruit quality traits such as size, color, taste, etc. The identification of postharvest disease resistance as a heritable trait would represent a significant accomplishment and has not been attempted in apple. Furthermore, insight into the biology of the pathogenicity of P. expansumin apple could provide new approaches to postharvest decay management. Hypothesis: Postharvest resistance of apple to P. expansumcan be mapped to specific genetic loci and significant quantitative-trait-loci (QTLs) can be identified that account for a major portion of the population variance. Susceptibility of apple fruit to P. expansumis dependent on the ability of the pathogen to produce LysM effectors that actively suppress primary and/or secondary resistance mechanisms in the fruit. Objectives: 1) Identify QTL(s) and molecular markers for blue mold resistance in GMAL4593 mapping population (‘Royal Gala’ X MalussieversiiPI613981), 2) Characterize the transcriptome of the host and pathogen (P. expansum) during the infection process 3) Determine the function of LysM genes in pathogenicity of P. expansum. Methods: A phenotypic evaluation of blue mold resistance in the GMAL4593 mapping population, conducted in several different years, will be used for QTL analysis (using MapQTL 6.0) to identify loci associated with blue mold resistance. Molecular markers will be developed for the resistance loci. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq will be used to conduct a time course study of gene expression in resistant and susceptible apple GMAL4593 genotypes in response to P. expansum, as well as fungal responses to both genotypes. Candidate resistance genes identified in the transcriptomic study and or bioinformatic analysis will be positioned in the ‘Golden Delicious’ genome to identify markers that co-locate with the identified QTL(s). A functional analysis of LysM genes on pathogenicity will be conducted by eliminating or reducing the expression of individual effectors by heterologous recombination and silencing technologies. LysMeffector genes will also be expressed in a yeast expression system to study protein function. Expected Results: Identification of postharvest disease resistance QTLs and tightly-linked genetic markers. Increased knowledge of the role of effectors in blue mold pathogenic
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Dawson, William O., and Moshe Bar-Joseph. Creating an Ally from an Adversary: Genetic Manipulation of Citrus Tristeza. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586540.bard.
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Citrus is one of the major agricultural crops common to Israel and the United States, important in terms of nutrition, foreign exchange, and employment. The economy of both citrus industries have been chronically plagued by diseases caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). The short term solution until virus-resistant plants can be used is the use of mild strain cross-protection. We are custom designing "ideal" protecting viruses to immunize trees against severe isolates of CTV by purposely inoculating existing endangered trees and new plantings to be propagated as infected (protected) citrus budwood. We crossed the substantial technological hurdles necessary to accomplish this task which included developing an infectious cDNA clone which allows in vitro manipulation of the virus and methods to then infect citrus plants. We created a series of hybrids between decline-inducing and mild CTV strains, tested them in protoplasts, and are amplifying them to inoculate citrus trees for evaluation and mapping of disease determinants. We also extended this developed technology to begin engineering transient expression vectors based on CTV as tools for genetic improvement of tree crops, in this case citrus. Because of the long periods between genetic transformation and the ultimate assay of mature tree characteristics, there is a great need for an effective system that allows the expression or suppression of target genes in fruiting plants. Virus-based vectors will greatly expedite progress in citrus genetic improvement. We characterized several components of the virus that provides necessary information for designing virus-based vectors. We characterized the requirements of the 3 ’-nontranslated replication promoter and two 3 ’-ORF subgenomic (sg) mRNA controller elements. We discovered a novel type of 5’-terminal sgRNAs and characterized the cis-acting control element that also functions as a strong promoter of a 3 ’-sgRNA. We showed that the p23 gene controls negative-stranded RNA synthesis and expression of 3 ’ genes. We identified which genes are required for infection of plants, which are host range determinants, and which are not needed for plant infection. We continued the characterization of native dRNA populations and showed the presence of five different classes including class III dRNAs that consists of infectious and self-replicating molecules and class V dRNAs that contain all of the 3 ’ ORFs, along with class IV dRNAs that retain non-contiguous internal sequences. We have constructed and tested in protoplasts a series of expression vectors that will be described in this proposal.
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Reisch, Bruce, Avichai Perl, Julie Kikkert, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Rachel Gollop. Use of Anti-Fungal Gene Synergisms for Improved Foliar and Fruit Disease Tolerance in Transgenic Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575292.bard.
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Original objectives . 1. Test anti-fungal gene products for activity against Uncinula necator, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. 2. For Agrobacterium transformation, design appropriate vectors with gene combinations. 3. Use biolistic bombardment and Agrobacterium for transformation of important cultivars. 4. Characterize gene expression in transformants, as well as level of powdery mildew and Botrytis resistance in foliage of transformed plants. Background The production of new grape cultivars by conventional breeding is a complex and time-consuming process. Transferring individual traits via single genes into elite cultivars was proposed as a viable strategy, especially for vegetatively propagated crops such as grapevines. The availability of effective genetic transformation procedures, the existence of genes able to reduce pathogen stress, and improved in vitro culture methods for grapes, were combined to serve the objective of this proposal. Effective deployment of resistance genes would reduce production costs and increase crop quality, and several such genes and combinations were used in this project. Progress The efficacy of two-way combinations of Trichoderma endochitinase (CHIT42), synthetic peptide ESF12 and resveratrol upon the control of growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum were evaluated in vitro. All pairwise interactions were additive but not synergistic. Per objective 2, suitable vectors with important gene combinations for Agrobacterium transformation were designed. In addition, multiple gene co-transformation by particle bombardment was also tested successfully. In New York, transformation work focused on cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, while the technology in Israel was extended to 41B, R. 110, Prime, Italia, Gamay, Chardonnay and Velika. Transgenic plant production is summarized in the appendix. Among plants developed in Israel, endochitinase expression was assayed via the MuchT assay using material just 1-5 days after co-cultivation. Plants of cv. Sugraone carrying the gene coding for ESF12, a short anti-fungal lytic peptide under the control of the double 358 promoter, were produced. Leaf extracts of two plants showed inhibition zones that developed within 48 h indicating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extracts on the six species of bacteria. X fastidiosa, the causal organism of Pierce's disease, was very sensitive to leaf extracts from ESF12 transformed plants. Further work is needed to verify the agricultural utility of ESF12 transformants. In New York, some transformants were resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis fruit rot. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements and implications The following scientific achievements resulted from this cooperative BARD project: 1. Development and improvement of embryogenesis and tissue culture manipulation in grape, while extending these procedures to several agriculturally important cultivars both in Israel and USA. 2. Development and improvement of novel transformation procedures while developing transformation techniques for grape and other recalcitrant species. 3. Production of transgenic grapevines, characterization of transformed vines while studying the expression patterns of a marker gene under the control of different promoter as the 35S CaMV in different part of the plants including flowers and fruits. 4. Expression of anti-fungal genes in grape: establishment of transgenic plants and evaluation of gene expression. Development of techniques to insert multiple genes. 5. Isolation of novel grape specific promoter to control the expression of future antimicrobial genes. It is of great importance to report that significant progress was made in not only the development of transgenic grapevines, but also in the evaluation of their potential for increased resistance to disease as compared with the non engineered cultivar. In several cases, increased disease resistance was observed. More research and development is still needed before a product can be commercialized, yet our project lays a framework for further investigations.
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Zhenni, Mu, Le Lei, Shen Sinan, and Tang Li. Effectiveness of integrated Chinese herbal medicine Shoutai Pill and Western medicine in the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0062.
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Review question / Objective: We provide a protocol to evaluate the efficacy of integrated Shoutai Pill and Western medicine to update the evaluation for the best available and security treatment for recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL). Condition being studied: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a distinct disorder defined by two or more consecutive pregnancy failures before 20 gestational weeks infertile couples. The incidence of this disease accounts for about 1%-5% of women of reproductive age and seriously affects their physical and psychological health. At present, the known etiology of this disease mainly includes abnormal anatomic structures, genetic abnormality, endocrine disorders, prethrombotic status, abnormal immune function, infection, etc. Excluding the above factors, approximately 40-50% of RPL remain unexplained, known as unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). At present, the main therapeutic methods of RPL are surgical therapy, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), hormone therapy, anti-infection therapy, anticoagulation, and immunoregulatory therapy, etc. However, there is no effective treatment has been identified for URPL. Therefore, we still need to investigate effective treatments to reduce pregnancy losses and maintain successful pregnancy preservation in these patients.
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Fahima, Tzion, and Jorge Dubcovsky. Map-based cloning of the novel stripe rust resistance gene YrG303 and its use to engineer 1B chromosome with multiple beneficial traits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598147.bard.
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Research problem: Bread wheat (Triticumaestivum) provides approximately 20% of the calories and proteins consumed by humankind. As the world population continues to increase, it is necessary to improve wheat yields, increase grain quality, and minimize the losses produced by biotic and abiotic stresses. Stripe rust, caused by Pucciniastriiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. The new pathogen races are more virulent and aggressive than previous ones and have produced large economic losses. A rich source for stripe-rust resistance genes (Yr) was found in wild emmer wheat populations from Israel. Original Project goals: Our long term goal is to identify, map, clone, characterize and deploy in breeding, novel wild emmer Yr genes, and combine them with multiple beneficial traits. The current study was aiming to map and clone YrG303 and Yr15, located on chromosome 1BS and combine them with drought resistance and grain quality genes. Positional cloning of YrG303/Yr15: Fine mapping of these genes revealed that YrG303 is actually allelic to Yr15. Fine genetic mapping using large segregating populations resulted in reduction of the genetic interval spanning Yr15 to less than 0.1 cM. Physical mapping of the YrG303/Yr15 locus was based on the complete chromosome 1BS physical map of wheat constructed by our group. Screening of 1BS BAC library with Yr15 markers revealed a long BAC scaffold covering the target region. The screening of T. dicoccoidesaccession-specific BAC library with Yr15 markers resulted in direct landing on the target site. Sequencing of T. dicoccoidesBAC clones that cover the YrG303/Yr15 locus revealed a single candidate gene (CG) with conserved domains that may indicate a role in disease resistance response. Validation of the CG was carried out using EMS mutagenesis (loss-of- function approach). Sequencing of the CG in susceptible yr15/yrG303 plants revealed three independent mutants that harbour non-functional yr15/yrG303 alleles within the CG conserved domains, and therefore validated its function as a Pstresistance gene. Evaluation of marker-assisted-selection (MAS) for Yr15. Introgressions of Yr15 into cultivated wheat are widely used now. Recently, we have shown that DNA markers linked to Yr15 can be used as efficient tools for introgression of Yr15 into cultivated wheat via MAS. The developed markers were consistent and polymorphic in all 34 tested introgressions and are the most recommended markers for the introgression of Yr15. These markers will facilitate simultaneous selection for multiple Yr genes and help to avoid escapees during the selection process. Engineering of improved chromosome 1BS that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We have implemented the knowledge and genetic resources accumulated in this project for the engineering of 1B "super-chromosome" that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We completed the generation of a chromosome including the rye 1RS distal segment associated with improved drought tolerance with the Yr gene, Yr15, and the strong gluten allele 7Bx-over-expressor (7Bxᴼᴱ). We have completed the introgression of this improved chromosome into our recently released variety Patwin-515HP and our rain fed variety Kern, as well as to our top breeding lines UC1767 and UC1745. Elucidating the mechanism of resistance exhibited by Yr36 (WKS1). The WHEAT KINASE START1 (WKS1) resistance gene (Yr36) confers partial resistance to Pst. We have shown that wheat plants transformed with WKS1 transcript are resistant to Pst. WKS1 is targeted to the chloroplast where it phosphorylates the thylakoid-associatedascorbateperoxidase (tAPX) and reduces its ability to detoxify peroxides. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylation of tAPX by WKS1 reduces the ability of the cells to detoxify ROS and contributes to cell death. Distribution and diversity of WKS in wild emmer populations. We have shown that WKS1 is present only in the southern distribution range of wild emmer in the Fertile Crescent. Sequence analysis revealed a high level of WKS1 conservation among wild emmer populations, in contrast to the high level of diversity observed in NB-LRR genes. This phenomenon shed some light on the evolution of genes that confer partial resistance to Pst. Three new WKS1 haplotypes displayed a resistance response, suggesting that they can be useful to improve wheat resistance to Pst. In summary, we have improved our understanding of cereals’ resistance mechanisms to rusts and we have used that knowledge to develop improved wheat varieties.
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Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.
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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.