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Journal articles on the topic 'Peri-conceptional'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Toschi, Paola, Emanuele Capra, Debora A. Anzalone, Barbara Lazzari, Federica Turri, Flavia Pizzi, Pier A. Scapolo, et al. "Maternal peri-conceptional undernourishment perturbs offspring sperm methylome." Reproduction 159, no. 5 (May 2020): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0549.

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The genotype of an organism is stable throughout its life; however, its epigenome is dynamic and can be altered in response to environmental factors, such as diet. Inheritance of acquired epigenetic modifications by the next generation occurs through the germline, although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a sheep model to evaluate if modification of the maternal diet (CTR; control, UND: undernutrition; FA: undernutrition and folic acid supplementation) during the peri-conceptional period affects the genome-wide methylation status of the gametes of male offspring. Sperm DNA methylation, measured by Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS), identified Differentially Methylated Regions (DMR) in offspring that experienced in utero undernutrition, both in UND (244) and FA (240), compared with CTR. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified DMRs in categories related to sperm function, therefore we investigated whether the fertilizing capacity of the semen from the three groups differed in an in vitro fertilization assay. Spermatozoa from the undernourished groups showed lower motility and sperm chromatin structure abnormalities, represented by a higher percentage of DNA fragmentation and an increased number of immature cells, compared with CTR. While good quality blastocysts were obtained from all three groups, the proportion of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage was reduced in the UND vs CTR, an effect partially rescued by the FA treatment. The data reported here show that nutritional stress during early pregnancy leads to epigenetic modifications in the semen of the resulting offspring, the effects of which in next generation remain to be elucidated.

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2

Toschi, P., E. Capra, D. Anzalone, F. Turri, F. Pizzi, B. Lazzari, A. Stella, P. Ajmone-Marsan, and P. Loi. "55 Peri-conceptional undernourishment perturbs offspring sperm methylome." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab55.

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Whereas an organism’s genotype is relatively static throughout life, the epigenome is highly dynamic and can adapt, or be altered, in response to the external environment such as diet. Intrauterine exposure to nutrient availability can alter the establishment of epigenetic marks, not only in the exposed individuals, but also in their offspring. Inheritance of such an environmentally acquired phenotype by the subsequent generation occurs through epigenetic modifications in the germline. Here, using a genome-wide approach, we evaluate how modification of the maternal diet pre- (14 days) and post- (28 days) conception can affect methylation status of the sperm of male offspring. Specifically, using a sheep model, we focused on the effect of maternal undernutrition on adult sperm methylation and its long-term consequences on sperm physiology and quality. Moreover, we investigated if supplementation of folic acid, to increase the availability of methyl donors, could prevent or ameliorate the adverse uterine environment caused by maternal undernutrition. Male lambs obtained from mothers subjected to different nutritional regimens (UND: undernutrition; FA: undernutrition and folic acid supplementation) appeared normal at birth, with a comparable body weight until Day 30 postpartum. Sperm DNA methylation, obtained by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, differed in offspring that experienced in utero undernutrition (UND and FA) compared with the control group (CTR). In particular, the number of differentially methylated regions (DMR) was lower when UND and FA groups were compared, whereas a higher number of DMR was observed by comparison of CTR with both experimental groups. In addition, a high percentage of DMR were shared between UND and FA groups when compared with CTR, clearly indicating a influence of maternal nutrition on the offspring sperm DNA methylation rearrangement. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed variation in functional categories related to sperm functionality such as chondroitin sulfate synthesis, potassium ion import, and others related to metabolism (biotin and glucagon). Furthermore, using computer-assisted semen analysis and flow cytometric measurement, we observed lower a sperm motility index and higher incidence of chromatin structure alterations in spermatozoa collected from UND and FA groups compared with CTR. Finally, to verify the effect of such reported abnormality on lamb fertility, we used the semen for in vitro embryo production. While we obtained good quality blastocysts from all 3 groups, a reduction in the percentage of embryo development, partially compensated in the FA group, was found using spermatozoa from UND rams. Taken together, our results confirm that a nutritional stress during early mammalian development can lead to epigenetic modification in the offspring. This damage can be partially ameliorated with folic acid supplementation; however, some alteration still persists in the germline and could be passed to the next generation, with as yet unknown consequences.

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3

Franczak, A., K. Zglejc, E. Waszkiewicz, B. Wojciechowicz, M. Martyniak, W. Sobotka, S. Okrasa, and G. Kotwica. "Periconceptional undernutrition affects in utero methyltransferase expression and steroid hormone concentrations in uterine flushings and blood plasma during the peri-implantation period in domestic pigs." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 8 (2017): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16124.

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Female undernutrition during early pregnancy may affect the physiological pattern of genomic DNA methylation. We hypothesised that in utero DNA methylation may be impaired in females fed a restrictive diet in early pregnancy. In this study we evaluated whether poor maternal nutritional status, induced by applying a restricted diet during the peri-conceptional period, may influence: (1) the potential for in utero DNA methylation, expressed as changes in the mRNA expression and protein abundance of methyltransferases: DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3a in the endometrium and the myometrium, (2) the intrauterine microenvironment, measured as oestradiol 17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations in uterine flushings and (3) plasma concentration of E2 and P4 during the peri-implantation period. Our results indicate that maternal peri-conceptional undernutrition affects maintenance and de novo DNA methylation in the endometrium, de novo methylation in the myometrium and a results in a decrease in intrauterine E2 concentration during the peri-implantation period. The intrauterine concentration of P4 and plasma concentrations of E2 and P4 did not change. These findings suggest that undernutrition during the earliest period of pregnancy, and perhaps the pre-pregnancy period, may create changes in epigenetic mechanisms in the uterus and intrauterine milieu of E2 during the peri-implantation period.

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4

Franczak, Anita, Kamila Zglejc-Waszak, Marcin Martyniak, Ewa Monika Waszkiewicz, and Genowefa Kotwica. "Peri-conceptional nutritional restriction alters transcriptomic profile in the peri-implantation pig embryos." Animal Reproduction Science 197 (October 2018): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.045.

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5

NWOSU, T. FARRELL and C. "Compliance with the peri-conceptional folic acid supplementation guidelines." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 17, no. 3 (January 1997): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443619750113177.

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6

Greene, Nicholas D. E., Kit-Yi Leung, Victoria Gay, Katie Burren, Kevin Mills, Lyn S. Chitty, and Andrew J. Copp. "Inositol for the prevention of neural tube defects: a pilot randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 6 (February 5, 2016): 974–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515005322.

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AbstractAlthough peri-conceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation can prevent a proportion of neural tube defects (NTD), there is increasing evidence that many NTD are FA non-responsive. The vitamin-like molecule inositol may offer a novel approach to preventing FA-non-responsive NTD. Inositol prevented NTD in a genetic mouse model, and was well tolerated by women in a small study of NTD recurrence. In the present study, we report the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects by Inositol (PONTI) pilot study designed to gain further experience of inositol usage in human pregnancy as a preliminary trial to a future large-scale controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of inositol in NTD prevention. Study subjects were UK women with a previous NTD pregnancy who planned to become pregnant again. Of 117 women who made contact, ninety-nine proved eligible and forty-seven agreed to be randomised (double-blind) to peri-conceptional supplementation with inositol plus FA or placebo plus FA. In total, thirty-three randomised pregnancies produced one NTD recurrence in the placebo plus FA group (n 19) and no recurrences in the inositol plus FA group (n 14). Of fifty-two women who declined randomisation, the peri-conceptional supplementation regimen and outcomes of twenty-two further pregnancies were documented. Two NTD recurred, both in women who took only FA in their next pregnancy. No adverse pregnancy events were associated with inositol supplementation. The findings of the PONTI pilot study encourage a large-scale controlled trial of inositol for NTD prevention, but indicate the need for a careful study design in view of the unwillingness of many high-risk women to be randomised.

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7

Martyniak, Marcin, Kamila Zglejc-Waszak, Anita Franczak, and Genowefa Kotwica. "Transcriptomic analysis of the oviduct of pigs during the peri-conceptional period." Animal Reproduction Science 197 (October 2018): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.040.

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8

Robertson, Sarah A. "Cytokines as mediators of cryptic female choice in the peri-conceptional environment." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 101-102 (March 2014): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2013.12.022.

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9

Su, H., A. Wang, J. Hu, X. Chen, J. Wang, H. Ma, W. Bai, Z. Liu, and H. Zhang. "OP26.06: Association between peri-conceptional multiple nongenetic risk factors with congenital heart disease." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 44, S1 (September 2014): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.13892.

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10

Bloomfield, Frank. "The peri-conceptional origins of the life-long physiological consequences of being a twin." Physiology News, Summer 2009 (July 1, 2009): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36866/pn.75.31.

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11

Xiaoyuan, Chen, Hu Jie, Wang Yayun, Wang Jin, and Su Haili. "GW25-e4613 Association between peri-conceptional multiple nongenetic risk factors with congenital heart disease." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 64, no. 16 (October 2014): C93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.434.

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12

Zglejc, K., M. Martyniak, E. Waszkiewicz, G. Kotwica, and A. Franczak. "Peri-conceptional under-nutrition alters transcriptomic profile in the endometrium during the peri-implantation period-The study in domestic pigs." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 53, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rda.13068.

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13

Saxena, Vartika, Manisha Naithani, Ranjeeta Kumari, Richa Singh, and Pranoti Das. "Peri-conceptional supplementation of folic acid-knowledge and practices of pregnant women and health providers." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 5, no. 2 (2016): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.192374.

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14

Vicente-Pérez, Ricardo, Yolanda Osorio-Marín, María De los Angeles López-Baca, Leonel Avendaño-Reyes, Abelardo Correa-Calderón, Miguel Mellado, Ana L. Lara-Rivera, Cesar A. Meza-Herrera, and Ulises Macias-Cruz. "Peri-Conceptional undernutrition in twin bearing ewes: Effect on early fetal growth and birth weight." Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios 4, no. 12 (September 2, 2017): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/era.a4n12.1293.

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A total of 48 Katahdin x Pelibuey multiparous ewes were used to evaluate the e ect of nutritional restriction (40 %) before (30 d, RT), after (50 d, TR) or both periods (80 d, RR) compared with a control group on maternal body status, early fetal growth and lamb birth weights. Only twin bearing ewes were selected at d 50 of pregnancy for fetal measurements by ultrasonography and record of birth weight. Compared with control ewes, lower (p < 0.05) weight and body condition score had RT and RR ewes at mating time, likewise, TR and RR ewes at d 50 post-conception. There were mainly di erences between fetuses from control and RT ewes, being higher (p < 0.05) the vesicular, abdominal and fetal area, as well as crown-rump length and birth weight for RT fetuses. In conclusion, preconception undernutrition positively altered the early fetal growth and lamb birth weights in hair ewes pregnant with twins.

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15

Dahlhoff, M., S. Pfister, A. Blutke, J. Rozman, M. Klingenspor, M. J. Deutsch, B. Rathkolb, et al. "Peri-conceptional obesogenic exposure induces sex-specific programming of disease susceptibilities in adult mouse offspring." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1842, no. 2 (February 2014): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.021.

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16

Morrison, John J., Lynn S. Chitty, Donald Peebles, and Charles H. Rodeck. "Recreational drugs and fetal gastroschisis: maternal hair analysis in the peri-conceptional period and during pregnancy." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 112, no. 8 (August 2005): 1022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00655.x.

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17

Boullin, Julian P., Arthur M. Yue, Jane K. Cleal, Lucy Braddick, Deborah Burrage, David E. Noakes, John M. Morgan, Mark A. Hanson, and Lucy R. Green. "The Effect of Pre- and Peri-conceptional Undernutrition on Cardiac Electrophysiology in Adult Male Sheep Offspring." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 40, no. 6 (June 2006): 988–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.03.202.

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18

Zglejc, K., and A. Franczak. "Peri-conceptional under-nutrition alters the expression of TRIM28 and ZFP57 in the endometrium and embryos during peri-implantation period in domestic pigs." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 52, no. 4 (March 10, 2017): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rda.12943.

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19

Siddiqui, Arif, and Syed Manazir Ali. "Burden and pattern of congenital anomalies in newborns in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20221374.

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Background: Anomaly is defined as a significant morphological or anatomic variation in the phenotype from the standard reference population. Objectives of current study was to investigate the incidence and pattern of congenital anomalies in the hospital delivered neonates, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh.Methods: All the newborns delivered during the study period from October 2019 to November 2021 at JNMC, AMU, Aligarh were thoroughly examined and assessed for the presence of any congenital anomalies. Neonatal and maternal parameters were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Relevant investigations in the form of X-ray, ultrasonography and echocardiography were carried out in case of any suspected anomaly.Results: Out of the total 10932 neonates delivered during the study period, 197 babies had congenital malformations including 166 live births and 31 still births with an incidence of 1.8%. Musculoskeletal system was the most commonly system involved and congenital talipes equinovarus was the single most common malformation. Higher incidence of malformation was seen to be associated with still birth, prematurity, male gender and low birth weight babies.Conclusions: Regular antenatal checkups and anomaly scans can detect congenital malformations early. Pre conceptional counselling about maternal age at conception and birth order may help in preventing malformations associated with syndromes such as Down’s and Edward syndrome. Peri conceptional folate supplementation can prevent CNS malformations such as Neural tube defects significantly. Early diagnosis and treatment of maternal disease conditions like anemia, preeclampsia, hypertension and diabetes may affect occurrence of malformations.

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20

Gadwal, Bhagyashree Mallinath, Revathi S. Rajan, and Kamini A. Rao. "Peri conceptional association of the triad of hyperhomocsteinemia, hypothyroidism and impaired carbohydrate metabolism with recurrent pregnancy loss." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 3549. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20213483.

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Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is a cause of great concern to the affected couple as well as the treating physician. We evaluated the periconceptional association of the triad of hyperhomocystienemia, hypothyroidism, and impaired carbohydrate metabolism with RPL and to identify the potential risk factors for RPL which are probably nutritional.Methods: Seven hundred ninety-six consecutive pregnancies with two or more abortions referring to our Infertility clinic were selected to be studied in a descriptive, prospective observational study in 2012-2014. All the pregnant women were subjected to routine blood tests/ examination/ imaging as per hospital protocols. All underwent TSH, FT4, GTT 75 gm (fasting and 2 h postprandial) as per routine antenatal workup. Additionally, fasting plasma homocysteine, antinuclear antibody, anti phospholipid antibody, anti- thyroid peroxidase antibody tests were performed for patients with RPL. All the patients were studied for the triad of hypothyroidism, hyperhomocysteinemia and impaired carbohydrate metabolism.Results: The incidence of RPL was found to be 5.65 %. Majority of women (51.1%) were in the age group 30-34 years. Majority of the women (55.6%) had 2 previous abortions. Majority of women (57.7%) had conceived normally. Majority of women (46.7%) had BMI<25. PCOS was reported in 28.9% women. HHcy, hypothyroidism and impaired carbohydrate metabolism was found in 78%, 73% and 73% women, respectively. The presence of two factors was reported in 60 to 65% women. 56% women reported the presence of the triad. About 7% of the patients underwent repeat abortion in second trimester of which 66.6% had the association of triad.Conclusions: Investigating these three factors in patients with RPL would help in early recognition, monitoring, and aggressive surveillance, which will help prevent obstetric complications. Simple nutritional correction may allow for better maternal and fetal programming and appropriate risk modulation.

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21

Jensen, D. M., L. Korsholm, P. Ovesen, H. Beck-Nielsen, L. Moelsted-Pedersen, J. G. Westergaard, M. Moeller, and P. Damm. "Peri-Conceptional A1C and Risk of Serious Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in 933 Women With Type 1 Diabetes." Diabetes Care 32, no. 6 (March 5, 2009): 1046–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08-2061.

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22

Ismail, Alaa M., Ahmed M. Abbas, Mohammed K. Ali, and Ahmed F. Amin. "Peri-conceptional progesterone treatment in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 31, no. 3 (February 15, 2017): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1286315.

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23

Neu, J. "Peri-Conceptional A1C and Risk of Serious Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in 933 Women With Type 1 Diabetes." Yearbook of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine 2010 (January 2010): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-5005(09)79153-x.

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24

Hombach-Klonisch, Sabine, Adrian Danescu, Farhana Begum, Maria R. Amezaga, Stewart M. Rhind, Richard M. Sharpe, Neil P. Evans, et al. "Peri-conceptional changes in maternal exposure to sewage sludge chemicals disturbs fetal thyroid gland development in sheep." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 367, no. 1-2 (March 2013): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.022.

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25

Fleming, T. P., M. A. Velazquez, J. J. Eckert, E. S. Lucas, and A. J. Watkins. "Nutrition of females during the peri-conceptional period and effects on foetal programming and health of offspring." Animal Reproduction Science 130, no. 3-4 (February 2012): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.01.015.

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26

Barha, C. K., K. G. Salvante, M. J. Jones, P. Farré, J. Blais, M. S. Kobor, L. Zeng, E. Emberly, and P. A. Nepomnaschy. "Early post-conception maternal cortisol, children’s HPAA activity and DNA methylation profiles." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 10, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174418000880.

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AbstractThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) plays a critical role in the functioning of all other biological systems. Thus, studying how the environment may influence its ontogeny is paramount to understanding developmental origins of health and disease. The early post-conceptional (EPC) period could be particularly important for the HPAA as the effects of exposures on organisms’ first cells can be transmitted through all cell lineages. We evaluate putative relationships between EPC maternal cortisol levels, a marker of physiologic stress, and their children’s pre-pubertal HPAA activity (n=22 dyads). Maternal first-morning urinary (FMU) cortisol, collected every-other-day during the first 8 weeks post-conception, was associated with children’s FMU cortisol collected daily around the start of the school year, a non-experimental challenge, as well as salivary cortisol responses to an experimental challenge (all Ps<0.05), with some sex-related differences. We investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms statistically mediated these links and, therefore, could provide cues as to possible biological pathways involved. EPC cortisol was associated with >5% change in children’s buccal epithelial cells’ DNA methylation for 867 sites, while children’s HPAA activity was associated with five CpG sites. Yet, no CpG sites were related to both, EPC cortisol and children’s HPAA activity. Thus, these epigenetic modifications did not statistically mediate the observed physiological links. Larger, prospective peri-conceptional cohort studies including frequent bio-specimen collection from mothers and children will be required to replicate our analyses and, if our results are confirmed, identify biological mechanisms mediating the statistical links observed between maternal EPC cortisol and children’s HPAA activity.

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27

Yeum, Dabin, Shinyoung Ju, Kyley J. Cox, Yue Zhang, Joseph B. Stanford, and Christina A. Porucznik. "Association between peri‐conceptional bisphenol A exposure in women and men and time to pregnancy—The HOPE study." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 33, no. 6 (August 29, 2019): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12578.

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28

Fabozzi, Gemma, Benedetta Iussig, Danilo Cimadomo, Alberto Vaiarelli, Roberta Maggiulli, Nicolò Ubaldi, Filippo Maria Ubaldi, and Laura Rienzi. "The Impact of Unbalanced Maternal Nutritional Intakes on Oocyte Mitochondrial Activity: Implications for Reproductive Function." Antioxidants 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010091.

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Accumulating evidence on the effect of nutrition on reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies. A healthy dietary pattern and nutrient supplementation, especially during the peri-conceptional period, might be helpful to achieve a live birth, although the mechanisms implicated are not fully understood. The endocrine system and the ooplasmic organelles apparatus, in particular the mitochondria, are clearly key elements during oogenesis and subsequent embryo development, and their proper functioning is associated with nutrition, even beyond maternal aging. Several studies in animal models have reported various adverse effects on mitochondria caused by unbalanced dietary intakes such as high fat diet, high fat high sugar diet, and low protein diet. The alterations produced might include mitochondrial intracellular distribution, content, structure, biogenesis, and functioning. This review summarizes the key role of mitochondria in female reproduction and the effects of different dietary macronutrient compositions on oocyte mitochondrial activity with their possible short-, medium-, and long-term effects.

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29

Fabozzi, Gemma, Benedetta Iussig, Danilo Cimadomo, Alberto Vaiarelli, Roberta Maggiulli, Nicolò Ubaldi, Filippo Maria Ubaldi, and Laura Rienzi. "The Impact of Unbalanced Maternal Nutritional Intakes on Oocyte Mitochondrial Activity: Implications for Reproductive Function." Antioxidants 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010091.

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Accumulating evidence on the effect of nutrition on reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies. A healthy dietary pattern and nutrient supplementation, especially during the peri-conceptional period, might be helpful to achieve a live birth, although the mechanisms implicated are not fully understood. The endocrine system and the ooplasmic organelles apparatus, in particular the mitochondria, are clearly key elements during oogenesis and subsequent embryo development, and their proper functioning is associated with nutrition, even beyond maternal aging. Several studies in animal models have reported various adverse effects on mitochondria caused by unbalanced dietary intakes such as high fat diet, high fat high sugar diet, and low protein diet. The alterations produced might include mitochondrial intracellular distribution, content, structure, biogenesis, and functioning. This review summarizes the key role of mitochondria in female reproduction and the effects of different dietary macronutrient compositions on oocyte mitochondrial activity with their possible short-, medium-, and long-term effects.

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30

Nepomnaschy, P. A., K. G. Salvante, L. Zeng, C. Pyles, H. Ma, J. C. Blais, L. Wen, and C. K. Barha. "Variation in maternal urinary cortisol profiles across the peri-conceptional period: a longitudinal description and evaluation of potential functions." Human Reproduction 30, no. 6 (April 22, 2015): 1460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev086.

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31

Eberle, Claudia, Michaela F. Kirchner, Raphaela Herden, and Stefanie Stichling. "Paternal metabolic and cardiovascular programming of their offspring: A systematic scoping review." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): e0244826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244826.

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Background There is lots of evidence that maternal peri-gestational metabolic, genomic and environmental conditions are closely linked to metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in their offspring later in life. Moreover, there is also lotsof evidence that underlining mechanisms, such as molecular as well as epigenetic changes may alter the intrauterine environment leading to cardio-metabolic diseases in their offspring postnatal. But, there is also increasing evidence that cardio-metabolic diseases may be closely linked to their paternal metabolic risk factors, such as obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and other risk factors. Objective To analyse the evidence as well as specific risk factors of paternal trans-generational programming of cardio-metabolic diseases in their offspring. Methods Within a systematic scoping review, we performed a literature search in MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases in August 2020 considering original research articles (2000–2020) that examined the impact of paternal programming on metabolic and cardiovascular offspring health. Epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies as well as human and animal model studies were included. Results From n = 3.199 citations, n = 66 eligible studies were included. We selected n = 45 epidemiological as well as clinical studies and n = 21 experimental studies. In brief, pre-conceptional paternal risk factors, such as obesity, own birth weight, high-fat and low-protein diet, undernutrition, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, advanced age, smoking as well as environmental chemical exposure affect clearly metabolic and cardiovascular health of their offspring later in life. Conclusions There is emerging evidence that paternal risk factors, such as paternal obesity, diabetes mellitus, nutritional habits, advanced age and exposure to environmental chemicals or cigarette smoke, are clearly associated with adverse effects in metabolic and cardiovascular health in their offspring. Compared to maternal programming, pre-conceptional paternal factors might also have also a substantial effect in the sense of trans-generational programming of their offspring and need further research.

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32

Mohammed, Baba Sulemana, Abubakar Rashid Kawawa, and Anthony Wemakor. "Prevalence and determinants of uptake of folic acid in peri‐conceptional period in a rural lower‐middle‐income country, Ghana." Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 126, no. 3 (November 15, 2019): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13331.

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33

LEWIS, ANNE NASH, HELEN OWENS and P, C. "The factors associated with effective folic acid prophylaxis in the peri-conceptional period in women attending an ante-natal clinic." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 17, no. 3 (January 1997): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443619750113168.

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34

DeVilbiss, Elizabeth A., Renee M. Gardner, Craig J. Newschaffer, and Brian K. Lee. "Maternal folate status as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders: a review of existing evidence." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 5 (August 5, 2015): 663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515002470.

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AbstractEmerging evidence from epidemiological studies supports the notion that maternal folate status regulated by dietary and genetic factors early in pregnancy may influence the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this review, we provide an overview of what is known about the role of folate in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders; summarise relevant biological, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms; and synthesise the evidence from human observational studies and randomised controlled trials that have examined the relationship between maternal folate and ASD or related traits. Much of the existing literature on this topic is subject to limitations such as potential confounding by healthy behaviours and other dietary factors, and exposure assessed within limited exposure windows. As the existing evidence is inconclusive, further research remains to be conducted in order to verify this hypothesis. Complete assessment of maternal functional folate status through the pre- and peri-conceptional periods requires biological measurement of folate, vitamin B12and homocysteine and genetic variants involved in one-carbon metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms. In addition to more complete assessment of maternal functional folate status, careful consideration of potential confounding is warranted.

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Degroote, Stéphanie, Darel J. Hunting, Andrea A. Baccarelli, and Larissa Takser. "Maternal gut and fetal brain connection: Increased anxiety and reduced social interactions in Wistar rat offspring following peri-conceptional antibiotic exposure." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 71 (November 2016): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.010.

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Smith, Jennifer, Drewe Ferguson, Guillermo Jauregui, Martín Panarace, Mariano Medina, Sigrid Lehnert, and Jonathan R. Hill. "Short-term maternal psychological stress in the post-conception period in ewes affects fetal growth and gestation length." REPRODUCTION 136, no. 2 (August 2008): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-07-0400.

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Fetal development can be influenced by maternal environment in the peri-conceptional period. This study investigated the effect of maternal feed intake and psychological stress within the first 6 days after conception on embryo development and fetal growth. Superovulated ewes (n=40) were artificially inseminated with semen from one ram. Ewes were then divided into four groups (n=10): group 1 (control) was fed at maintenance level, group 2 (high) at 2× maintenance, and group 3 (low) at 0.5× maintenance on days 2–6 after conception. Group 4 (stress) was fed at maintenance level and then an intense physical and psychological stress challenge was applied for 1 h only on days 2 and 3 after conception. Embryos were recovered at day 6. A total of 113 transferable grade embryos were transferred singly into synchronized untreated recipients, while the remaining embryos (n=165) were fixed and stained for cell counts. Post-conception maternal stress or feed intake did not alter the cell count or grade of day 6 embryos. Fetuses from the stress group had longer crown-rump lengths at day 30 and longer femur length at day 58. Fetuses from the stressed and high feed groups had greater abdominal circumferences at day 85. Subsequent birth weights were not significantly different. Ewes carrying lambs from the stress treatment had shorter gestation lengths. These results show that short-term perturbations of the post-conception maternal environment have measurable effects on fetal development and gestation length.

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Fall, Caroline H. D., and Kalyanaraman Kumaran. "Metabolic programming in early life in humans." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1770 (February 25, 2019): 20180123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0123.

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An association of low birth weight with an increased risk of adult cardiovascular disease and diabetes led to the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, which proposes that undernutrition during early development permanently ‘programmes’ organ structure and metabolism, leading to vulnerability to later cardio-metabolic disease. High birth weight caused by maternal gestational diabetes is also associated with later diabetes, suggesting that fetal over-nutrition also has programming effects. Post-natal factors (excess weight gain/obesity, smoking, poor diets and physical inactivity) interact with fetal exposures to increase disease risk. Animal studies have shown permanent metabolic effects in offspring after alterations to maternal or early post-natal diets but evidence in humans is largely limited to observational and quasi-experimental situations such as maternal famine exposure. Randomized trials of maternal nutritional interventions during pregnancy have so far had limited follow-up of the offspring. Moreover, interventions usually started after the first trimester and therefore missed key peri-conceptional or early pregnancy events such as epigenetic changes, placentation and fetal organogenesis. Recent and ongoing trials intervening pre-conceptionally and powered for long-term offspring follow-up will address these issues. While current preventive strategies for cardio-metabolic disease focus on high-risk individuals in mid-life, DOHaD concepts offer a ‘primordial’ preventive strategy to reduce disease in future generations by improving fetal and infant development. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine’.

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Vitagliano, Amerigo, Marco Noventa, and Salvatore Gizzo. "Is it time to consider patients suffering from endometriosis-related infertility as “novel candidates” for targeted peri-conceptional D-chiro inositol supplementation? Hypothesis, rationale and some considerations." Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 32, no. 3 (December 30, 2014): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-014-0412-z.

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Kwong, W. Y., S. J. Adamiak, A. Gwynn, R. Singh, and K. D. Sinclair. "Endogenous folates and single-carbon metabolism in the ovarian follicle, oocyte and pre-implantation embryo." REPRODUCTION 139, no. 4 (April 2010): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-09-0517.

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Maternal B-vitamin status at conception can affect fertility and the health of offspring. This study details transcript expression for genes encoding key enzymes in the linked methionine/folate cycles in the bovine oocyte, somatic cells of the ovarian follicle and pre-implantation embryo. Transcripts for all 12 enzymes that were studied and for the two folate receptors (FOLR1andFOLR2) and reduced folate carrier (SLC19A1) were expressed in liver cells, but transcripts for betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase and methionine adenosyl transferase 1A were absent in all ovarian cells, and transcripts forFOLR2were absent in embryonic cells. Transcripts for glycine methyltransferase were also absent/weak in cumulus and granulosa cells. The absence of these enzymes could have a profound effect on single-carbon metabolism within the ovary and pre-implantation embryo. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed SLC19A1 protein expression on the plasma and basal-lateral membranes of the pre-implantation embryo. The folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX) enters the cell via SLC19A1, and in the current study, MTX inclusion in bovine/ovine culture media at either 1 or 10 μM from the 1-cell stage inhibited embryo development beyond the 8-cell stage. Hypoxanthine and thymidine (100 μM) increased the proportion of embryos that developed to blastocysts, but the cell number was reduced by 20%. The reduced uptake of [35S] methionine into intra-cellularS-adenosylmethionine andS-adenosylhomocysteine pools, together with reduced uptake of glutamate and tryptophan, was consistent with depleted intra-cellular pools of reduced folates. These data provide an insight into the importance of maternal dietary folate/B-vitamin status during the peri-conceptional period.

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Diala, Udochukwu Michael, Bose Ozoiza Toma, Danaan Shilong, David Danjuma Shwe, Gyang Markus Bot, Akinyemi David Ofakunrin, and Peter Binitie. "Maternal and neonatal characteristics of babies admitted with congenital CNS anomalies in a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 7 (June 25, 2018): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182804.

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Background: CNS anomalies are an important group of largely preventable congenital anomalies. Knowledge of maternal and neonatal sociodemographic characteristics could identify a pattern of population at risk in order to target preventive interventions.Methods: This was a 3-year retrospective review of health records of all neonates admitted with CNS anomalies in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, central-Nigeria.Results: Out of a total of 27 neonates with congenital CNS anomalies reviewed, 25 had neural tube defects, 1 hydrocephalos and 1 anencephaly. The peak age group of mothers were 20-29years (44.4%) and 30-39 years (44.4%). Twenty-two (81.5%) mothers had antenatal care (ANC). No mother booked in the 1st month and only 7 (25.9%) booked in the first trimester. Twenty-four (88.9%) mothers took folic acid during pregnancy. No mother had peri-conceptional folic acid use. There were 11(40.7%) home births with 14(87.5%) of the 16 hospital births taking place in lower tier health facilities. Twenty-six (96.3%) mothers had vaginal delivery. An obstetric ultrasound scan was reported by one (3.7%) mother and did not detect the anomaly. Five (18.5%) of the mothers had HIV infection. Twenty-six were term with a male: female ratio of 1.1:1. The median age at presentation was 2 (interquartile range 1, 8) days.Conclusions: Neonates with congenital CNS anomalies in JUTH frequently had mothers aged <35 years who did not receive preventive care before and during delivery. We therefore recommend interventions to improve the efficiency of health care delivery to cater for this gap.

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Vilaiphan, Prapaporn, Kanya Suphapeetiporn, Vorapong Phupong, and Vorasuk Shotelersuk. "An exceptionally low percentage of Thai expectant mothers and medical personnel with folic acid knowledge and peri-conceptional consumption urges an urgent education program and/or food fortification." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 58, no. 4 (January 2007): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637480701217131.

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Petersen, Sesilje B., Marin Strøm, Ekaterina Maslova, Charlotta Granström, Peter Vestergaard, Christian Mølgaard, and Sjurdur F. Olsen. "Predicted vitamin D status during pregnancy in relation to offspring forearm fractures in childhood: a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 11 (October 2, 2015): 1900–1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451500361x.

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AbstractIn a prospective cohort study, the association between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring forearm fractures during childhood and adolescence was analysed in 30 132 mother and child pairs recruited to the Danish National Birth Cohort between 1996 and 2002. Data on characteristics, dietary factors and lifestyle factors were collected on several occasions during pregnancy. We analysed the association between predicted vitamin D status, based on a subsample with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) biomarker measurements (n 1497) from gestation week 25, and first-time forearm fractures among offspring between birth and end of follow-up. Diagnoses were extracted from the Danish National Patient Register. Multivariable Cox regression models using age as the underlying time scale indicated no overall association between predicted vitamin D status (based on smoking, season, dietary and supplementary vitamin D intake, tanning bed use and outdoor physical activity) in pregnancy and offspring forearm fractures. Likewise, measured 25(OH)D, tanning bed use and dietary vitamin D intake were not associated with offspring forearm fractures. In mid-pregnancy, 91 % of the women reported intake of vitamin D from dietary supplements. Offspring of women who took >10 µg/d in mid-pregnancy had a significantly increased risk for fractures compared with the reference level of zero intake (hazard ratios (HR) 1·31; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·62), but this was solely among girls (HR 1·48; 95 % CI 1·10, 2·00). Supplement use in the peri-conceptional period exhibited similar pattern, although not statistically significant. In conclusion, our data indicated no protective effect of maternal vitamin D status with respect to offspring forearm fractures.

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Clayton, E. H., M. A. Friend, and J. F. Wilkins. "Intergenerational effects of omega-6 fatty acids. 1. The reproductive rate of Border Leicester × Merino ewes is influenced by the diet fed to their dams around conception." Animal Production Science 57, no. 1 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15127.

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The proportion of female lambs was previously higher when Merino dams were fed a diet high in omega-6 (n-6) based on oats and cottonseed meal compared with low in n-6 based on silage around mating. The effect of maternal diet on the reproductive success of the female offspring from these dams has not previously been examined. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the reproductive rate of Border Leicester × Merino ewes was higher when their Merino dams were previously fed a diet high in n-6 compared with low in n-6 around conception. Merino dams were fed diets based on either silage low in n-6 or oats and cottonseed meal high in n-6 fatty acids for ~40 days pre-mating only or 40 days pre-mating and 17 days post-mating in each of 2 years. The reproductive performance (proportion pregnant and fetuses conceived) of their Border Leicester × Merino ewe offspring born in each year was examined at their first mating. Ewe lamb birthweight and fat score at the time of mating was not significantly affected by the diet fed to their dams around mating. The proportion of Border Leicester × Merino ewes pregnant was not different, however the number of fetuses per ewe was significantly (P = 0.002) higher when their dams were fed a High n-6 compared with a Low n-6 diet around mating (1.64 ± 0.05 vs 1.42 ± 0.05 fetuses/ewe pregnant, respectively). The reproduction rate of ewes may be affected by diet fed to their dams in the peri-conceptional period and could be associated with fetal programming.

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Shuma, Madhabi Lata, Shimul Halder, and Bidyut Kanti Datta. "Epidemiology of Congenital Anomalies among the Children born in Different Hospitals under Sylhet Division in Bangladesh- a Retrospective Study." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v14i2.28514.

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Congenital anomalies play a significant role in perinatal and neonatal mortality. Frequency of these congenital anomalies varies in different populations. Epidemiology is the study of frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in populations. The mission of epidemiology is to contribute to the understanding of etiology and prevention of disease and to improve the health of public through excellence in research. So, this study was conducted to find out proportion, types and immediate outcome of congenital anomalies. In this retrospective and cross-sectional study all patients admitted with congenital anomalies in different hospitals of Sylhet division in Bangladesh from October 2012 to January 2013 (04 months) were included. At first, the patients were examined for major and minor congenital anomalies and recorded properly. Diagnosis of congenital anomalies was based on ultrasonography and clinical evaluation of the fetus/newborn by experienced neonatologist. Major and minor congenital anomalies were categorized depending on their life threatening effects. Various data which were obtained was analyzed by using SPSS 13. Rates and proportions were calculated with 95% confidence interval. The proportions were compared using students T-test. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.The most frequently occurring anomalies involved the central nervous system (28.33%) of which myelomeningocele was the commonest CNS defect (9.09%). According to data, females were more susceptible to myelomeningocele than the male patients. The second frequently occurring congenital anomaly was associated with cardiovascular system (15%). Patients with urogenital anomalies (6.67%) were male, except for one who had ambiguous genitalia. Congenital anomaly associated with gastrointestinal -, respiratory -, musculoskeletal -, chromosomal - and dysmorphism were noted as 11.67%, 5%, 6.67%, 5% and 3.33%, respectively. About 11% congenital anomalies were found to be linked to other body part system. After analysis of mothers lifestyle, it was likely to conclude that more stress and efforts should be given on the role of peri-conceptional vitamin supplementation to the pregnant mother. Folic acid was found to be the primary agent for prevention of congenital defects.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 225-230, 2015 (December)

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"Peri-conceptional dolutegravir use linked with neural tube defects." Reactions Weekly 1714, no. 1 (August 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40278-018-50190-1.

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"Peri-conceptional opioid use increases neural tube defect risk." Reactions Weekly 1479, no. 1 (November 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40278-013-7258-5.

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Drzewiecka, Ewa Monika, Wiktoria Kozlowska, Agata Zmijewska, and Anita Franczak. "Nutritional restriction during the peri-conceptional period alters the myometrial transcriptome during the peri-implantation period." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (October 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00533-x.

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AbstractThis study hypothesized that female peri-conceptional undernutrition evokes transcriptomic alterations in the pig myometrium during the peri-implantation period. Myometrium was collected on days 15–16 of pregnancy from pigs fed a normal- (n = 4) or restricted-diet (n = 4) from conception until day 9th of pregnancy, and the transcriptomic profiles of the tissue were compared using Porcine (V2) Expression Microarrays 4 × 44 K. In restricted diet-fed pigs, 1021 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with fold change ≥ 1.5, P ≤ 0.05 were revealed, and 708 of them were up-regulated. Based on the count score, the top within GOs was GO cellular components “extracellular exosome”, and the top KEGG pathway was the metabolic pathway. Ten selected DEGs, i.e. hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 8, cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin F receptor, progesterone receptor membrane component 1, progesterone receptor membrane component 2, annexin A2, homeobox A10, S-phase cyclin A-associated protein in the ER, SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were conducted through qPCR to validate microarray data. In conclusion, dietary restriction during the peri-conceptional period causes alterations in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved i.a. in the endocrine activity of the myometrium, embryo-maternal interactions, and mechanisms regulating cell cycle and proliferation.

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Khurana, Pooja, Andrew Cox, Barira Islam, Judith J. Eckert, Sandrine Willaime-Morawek, Joanna M. Gould, Neil R. Smyth, Patrick C. McHugh, and Tom P. Fleming. "Maternal Undernutrition Induces Cell Signalling and Metabolic Dysfunction in Undifferentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells." Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, December 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12015-022-10490-1.

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Abstract Peri-conceptional environment can induce permanent changes in embryo phenotype which alter development and associate with later disease susceptibility. Thus, mouse maternal low protein diet (LPD) fed exclusively during preimplantation is sufficient to lead to cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological dysfunction in adult offspring. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines were generated from LPD and control NPD C57BL/6 blastocysts and characterised by transcriptomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and molecular/cellular studies to assess early potential mechanisms in dietary environmental programming. Previously, we showed these lines retain cellular and epigenetic characteristics of LPD and NPD embryos after several passages. Here, three main changes were identified in LPD ESC lines. First, their derivation capacity was reduced but pluripotency marker expression was similar to controls. Second, LPD lines had impaired Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway with altered gene expression of several regulators (e.g., Maff, Rassf1, JunD), reduced ERK1/2 signalling capacity and poorer cell survival characteristics which may contribute to reduced derivation. Third, LPD lines had impaired glucose metabolism comprising reduced upstream enzyme expression (e.g., Gpi, Mpi) and accumulation of metabolites (e.g., glucose-6-P, fructose-6-P) above the phosphofructokinase (PFK) gateway with PFK enzyme activity reduced. ESC lines may therefore permit investigation of peri-conceptional programming mechanisms with reduced need for animal experimentation. Graphical Abstract

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Lamanna, Bruno. ""Peri-Conceptional Intake of Folic Acid Supplement to Date: A Medical-Legal Issue"." Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 43, no. 2 (April 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2022.43.006863.

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Mahendra, A., S. H. Kehoe, S. R. Crozier, K. Kumaran, G. V. Krishnaveni, N. Arun, Padmaja, et al. "Peri-conceptional diet patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Indian women." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 80, OCE5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665121002974.

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