Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pergélisols – Québec (Province) – Tasiujaq'
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Lanouette, Florence. "Stabilisation thermique des remblais construits sur le pergélisol sensible au dégel à l'aide d'une approche de conception tenant compte de l'accumulation de la neige." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69363.
Full textIn northern regions, preferential accumulation of an insulating snowpack along linear transportation infrastructures prevents the extraction of heat in winter. In permafrost terrain, this thermal equilibrium modification can be a significant cause of the underlying permafrost degradation, which affects the structural properties of the roadway. Since heat transfers through the snowpack are essentially controlled by the mechanism of conduction, its insulating effect can be counteracted by decreasing the thickness of snow on the slopes and at the toe of the embankment. To achieve this goal, the gentle slope promotes a laminar wind flow that blows snow away easily and, therefore, minimizes its accumulation. The main objective of this research project is to develop a design method aiming for thermal stabilization of linear transportation infrastructures built on permafrost by optimizing the embankment geometry to consider the preferential accumulation of snow. The general approach of the study relies on the use of a 2D model (produced with the modeling software TEMP/W) simulating the snowpack effect on the underlying ground. The monitoring of a transect at Tasiujaq airstrip, in Nunavik, documents the thermal regime in the ground and the evolution of the snowpack. Based on those data, the freezing n-factor was expressed as a function of the snow thickness following a logarithmic equation. This empirical relation is used as an upper boundary of the geothermal model. Once calibrated and validated with the data collected at theTasiujaq test site, the model allows to quantify the impact of the embankment geometry on the temperature gradient in the natural subgrade ground. This gradient is calculated from the temperature at the interface between the embankment and the ground and the temperature at the depth of zero annual amplitude. A temperature gradient of zero or less is aimed to preserve the permafrost. This ground thermal regime is obtained by correcting the temperature at the interface. Therefore, numeric simulations are run for six slopes between 45 and 14% and for three embankment thickness. Finally, these results are presented through an engineering tool calculating the slope needed to assure the thermal stability of the infrastructure depending of the embankment height.
Ficheur, Alban. "Expérimentation de techniques de mitigation des effets de la fonte du Pergelisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik : Aéroport de Tasiujaq." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28205/28205.pdf.
Full textPerreault, Julie. "Observations et modélisation numérique de l'influence des conditions de surface sur la dégradation du pergélisol dans la vallée Tasiapik à Umiujaq (Nunavik, Québec)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67316.
Full textIn the current context of global warming, the impacts of climate change including permafrost degradation are already being felt in subarctic regions such as Umiujaq in Nunavik (Quebec). The physical processes causing this degradation are poorly documented. The main objective of the research project is to study the impact of the spatial and temporal variability of surface conditions on heat transfer at the airsurface interface as well as on permafrost degradation. To achieve this objective, infrared photographs of several permafrost mounds at Umiujaq were taken to identify the characteristic surface conditions of the study site. Based on these different conditions, thirty-five autonomous temperature probes were buried below the ground surface to monitor surface temperature variations on an hourly basis. The relationships between the surface temperatures and air temperature show that the surface conditions significantly control heat transfer at the air-surface interface as well as the thermal regime of the permafrost allowing the identification of a permafrost degradation sequence (in decreasing order : mudboils, lichens and mosses, development of thermokarst lakes and shrubbification). This monitoring of air and surface temperatures was used to constrain a numerical model of advectiveconductive heat transfer in permafrost terrain. A training period was first considered and then the observed climate variability was reproduced in the model. Different scenarios of global warming, formation of a thermokarst pond and vegetation invasion were considered. Simulated results show that changes in surface condition can result in an increase of temperatures in the permafrost mound up to 1.5 °C, the migration of the permafrost base up to 4 m towards the surface and a decrease in the extent of the permafrost mound up to 7 m.
Verreault, Jean. "Caractérisation du pergélisol et stratégie d'adaptation pour les aéroports du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26327.
Full textVinet, Frédéric. "Géomorphologie, stratigraphie et évolution du niveau marin holocène d'une vallée soumise à des conditions macrotidales en régression forcée, région de Tasiujaq, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25059/25059.pdf.
Full textBanville, David-Roy. "Modélisation cryohydrogéologique tridimensionnelle d'un bassin versant pergélisolé : une étude cryohydrogéophysique de proche surface en zone de pergélisol discontinu à Umiujaq au Québec Nordique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26597.
Full textLarrivée, Éric. "Tomographie électromagnétique du pergélisol près d'Umiujaq, Nunavik (Québec)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24147/24147.pdf.
Full textCochand, Marion. "Étude hydrogéochimique des eaux souterraines dans un environnement pergélisolé en voie de dégradation, Umiujaq, Nunavik, Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36715.
Full textLa première partie, chapitre 2, résume l’état actuel des connaissances sur l’hydrogéochimie des eaux souterraines dans les régions affectées par le pergélisol et sur les impacts potentiels de la dégradation du pergélisol sur la qualité des eaux souterraines. Les caractéristiques hydrogéochimiques des eaux souterraines dans les zones de pergélisol dépendent des mêmes réactions que dans les régions où il n’y a pas de pergélisol. Cependant, le pergélisol agit comme une couche confinante qui peut influencer la chimie des eaux souterraines en empêchant la recharge directe des aquifères et en augmentant le. Un temps de résidence, favorisant ainsi plus long augmente également les interactions eau-roche. Un des impacts majeurs des changements climatiques sur les eaux souterraines sera associé à la perte de cette couche confinante. Les futures études en lien avec l’hydrogéologie en zone de pergélisol devraient donc inclure une meilleure caractérisation hydrogéochimique insitu afin de mieux évaluer l’impact du réchauffement climatique sur les eaux souterraines. La deuxième partie, chapitre 3, utilise l’hydrogéochimie comme outil pour mieux comprendre la dynamique de la recharge et développer un modèle conceptuel pour l’écoulement des eaux souterraines dans la vallée de Tasiapik. Cette étude se base sur l’analyse d’échantillons de précipitations, d’eau souterraine, de glace du pergélisol, de lacs de thermokarst et de cours d’eau. L’hydrogéochimie des eaux souterraines dans le bassin versant est typique d’eaux jeunes, avec une faible minéralisation. Cela implique des circulations et des temps de résidence relativement courts. Ce jeu de données hydrogéochimiques pourra servir de référence pour documenter les impacts des changements climatiques sur le système hydrogéologique et l’interprétation qui en est tirée permettra de mieux comprendre la dynamique des eaux souterraines d’aquifères en régions froides.
L’eau souterraine dans le bassin versant d’Umiujaq répond aux normes de qualité canadiennes et québécoises pour l’eau potable. Cependant, la distance entre la vallée et la communauté rendent le site peu propice pour l’alimentation en eau d’Umiujaq. Ces résultats sont encourageants pour l’utilisation d’eau souterraine comme ressource ailleurs au Nunavik et dans les régions circumpolaires. La vulnérabilité de cette ressource potentielle doit néanmoins être considérée et la délimitation de zones de protections en fonction de l’état du pergélisol doit être envisagée pour éviter toute contamination de cette ressource fragile. En résumé, cette étude a apporté des données détaillées sur l’hydrogéochimie des eaux souterraines en zone de pergélisol discontinu qui combinées à des modèles hydrogéologiques et thermiques, ont permis de mieux comprendre les interactions entre les eaux souterraines et le pergélisol dans un environnement vulnérable soumis à des pressions économiques et climatiques.
The first part, Chapter 2, provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of groundwater hydrogeochemistry in permafrost-affected areas and reviews the potential impacts of permafrost degradation on groundwater quality. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in permafrost areas depend on the same reactions as in permafrost-free areas. As a confining layer, permafrost can influence groundwater chemistry by limiting recharge and exchanges between the soil, surface water and groundwater. Longer residence times also increase water-rock interactions. One of the most important impacts of climate change on groundwater will probably be associated with the loss of the confining layer. In permafrost areas, there is a general lack of detailed hydrogeological studies which use direct groundwater sampling. Future studies related to hydrogeology in permafrost areas should therefore include better in-situ hydrogeochemical characterization to assess the potential for using groundwater as the climate warms. The second part, Chapter 3, uses hydrogeochemistry as a tool to better understand recharge dynamics and to develop a conceptual model for groundwater flow in the Tasiapik Valley, Umiujaq. This study is based on the analysis of samples taken from precipitation, groundwater, ice from permafrost mounds and from thermokarst lakes and streams. Groundwater hydrogeochemistry in the watershed is typical for young waters, with low mineralization. This implies relatively short flow paths (on the order of 100-1000 m) and short residence times. This hydrogeochemical dataset will provide a reference for documenting the impacts of climate change on the hydrogeological system and will improve our understanding of groundwater dynamics in cold-region aquifers.
Groundwater in the Umiujaq watershed meets Canadian and Quebec drinking water quality standards. However the distance between the valley and the Umiujaq community makes the site unfavourable as a local water supply. These results are promising for the use of groundwater as a water supply elsewhere in Nunavik and in circumpolar regions. The vulnerability of this potential resource must nevertheless be taken into account and the delineation of protection zones considering the state of permafrost must be considered to avoid contamination of this fragile resource. Finally, this study provides detailed baseline data on groundwater hydrogeochemistry in a discontinuous permafrost zone. This data, combined with hydrogeological and thermal models, will provide a better understanding of the interactions between groundwater and permafrost in a sensitive environment undergoing significant climate change and economic development.
Arctic and subarctic regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Higher air temperatures, for example, lead to permafrost warming which decreases its thickness and spatial coverage. Permafrost degradation has consequences on ecosystems, landscapes, the stability of soils, buildings and infrastructure, as well as on local populations and their way of life. The effect of permafrost degradation on groundwater is likely to result in the loss of the confining layer formed by permafrost, thereby promoting aquifer recharge and modifying interactions between surface water and groundwater. However, the effect of permafrost degradation on groundwater quality and availability is still largely unknown. With increasing concerns of rapid global warming, this thesis was motivated by the lack of information on groundwater in discontinuous permafrost regions and the potential of groundwater as a drinking water resource for communities in Nunavik (Quebec, Canada). This project focuses on understanding groundwater flow and groundwater quality in the Tasiapik Valley, a small watershed located in a discontinuous permafrost zone near Umiujaq, Nunavik, Quebec. Insights into the hydrogeological system are provided by conducting a comprehensive hydrogeochemical analysis of groundwater, surface water, precipitation and water contained in ice-rich permafrost. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part (Chapter 2) presents a review of the existing scientific literature on groundwater hydrogeochemistry. The second part (Chapter 3) presents a specific hydrogeochemical study of groundwater in the Tasiapik Valley. The thesis also includes a general Introduction (Chapter 1), Synthesis (Chapter 4) and Conclusions (Chapter 5).
Pelletier, Maude. "Geomorphological, ecological and thermal time phase of permafrost degradation, Tasiapik, Nunavik (Québec, Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25766.
Full textSix places-échantillons représentatives de la séquence temporelle écologique associée à la dégradation du pergélisol ont été sélectionnées sur un plateau silteux à pergélisol riche en glace à proximité d'Umiujaq, au Nunavik. Le présent travail a pour objectif de déterminer les changements qui se produisent dans les flux de chaleur entre les trois niveaux de l'écosystème (végétation / couverture de neige, couche active, pergélisol) ainsi que les rétroactions qui surviennent lors de la dégradation du pergélisol et à quantifier la vitesse de la transition à partir de photographies aériennes et la dendrochronologie. Pour répondre aux objectifs, la méthodologie utilisée suit le protocole du programme Adaptation et Dévelopement de l’Arctique sur le Pergélisol en Transition (ADAPT), intégrant l’analyse de données écologiques, climatiques, stratigraphiques et thermiques. Les résultats obtenus illustrent une évolution exponentielle des facteurs de dégradation du pergélisol sur une période estimée à environ 90 ans; lent durant les 60 premières années, et significativement plus rapide durant les 30 dernières années.
Six plots, representative of the regional ecological time sequence associated with permafrost degradation, were selected on a silty ice-rich permafrost plateau near Umiujaq, Nunavik. The objective of the present work is to determine the changes that occur in the flow of energy between the three layers of the ecosystem (vegetation / snow cover, active layer, permafrost) and the feedbacks that occur during the degradation of permafrost and to quantify the rate of the transition using time-lapse aerial photographs and tree ring analysis. In order to respond to these objectives, the methodology follows the ADAPT (Arctic Development and Adaptation on Permafrost in Transition) protocol, including ecological, climate, stratigraphic and thermal data analysis. The results show exponential evolution of permafrost degradation factors over a period of time of about 90 years; slowly during the first 60 years, and significantly faster during the last 30 years.
Crevecoeur, Sophie. "Diversité microbienne associée au cycle du méthane dans les mares de fonte du pergélisol subarctique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26939.
Full textThe thawing and collapse of ice-rich permafrost in the subarctic region of Quebec has given rise to thaw ponds (thermokarst ponds) that emit the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. However, the microbial community composition that underlies biogeochemical processes in thaw ponds has been little investigated, particularly concerning the diversity and activity of micro-organisms involved in the methane cycle. The objective of this thesis study was to determine the phylogenetic and functional diversity of micro-organisms in subarctic thaw ponds, and the relationships with environmental properties and methane emission. To that aim, we sampled ten thaw ponds in four different valleys located across a permafrost degradation gradient with distinct physico-chemical properties. Depending on valley, the ponds were derived either from the thawing of a palsa (peat-mound) or lithalsa (mineral-mound), which influenced the nature of organic carbon available for microbial remineralization. During summer, the ponds were observed to be well-stratified; there were with strong physico-chemical gradients down the water column, with an upper oxic layer and a bottom low oxygen or anoxic layer. To identify the factors influencing microbial community composition, we used high throughput sequencing techniques targeting transcripts of 16S rRNA gene, and additionally targeted genes involved in the methane cycle: mcrA for methanogenesis and pmoA for methanotrophy. As a proxy of microbial activity, we also measured the concentration of functional gene transcripts using with quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results showed a striking dominance of micro-organisms involved in the methane cycle, namely methanogenic Archaea and methanotrophic Bacteria. The pmoA analyses implied that methanotrophic Bacteria were not only active in the surface, but also in the bottom waters where oxygen concentrations were minimal; this was unexpected given their need for oxygen in methane consumption. In general, the microbial community properties were largely determined by the origin of the ponds (palsa versus lithalsa), and much less so by the extent of permafrost degradation. The key environmental variables pH, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon likely contributed to the differentiation of microbial community between the palsa and lithalsa valleys. With intensification of climate warming, these microbial communities will face changing conditions that are likely to modify their taxonomic composition, and these responses are likely to differ between ponds in the two landscape types. Oxygenation of the ponds will likely be subject to major shifts in the future associated with changes in the duration of the ice-free season and the extent of stratification. Such changes will impact the balance between methanogenesis and methanotrophy, and thereby affect the net rates of methane emission. However, the results obtained here indicate that methanogenic Archaea and methanotrophic Bacteria have strategies to survive and remain active beyond the limit of their usual oxygen preferences.
Baron, Hernandez Maria Fernanda. "Adaptation des infrastructures de transport du MTQ au Nunavik : bilan de la performance et validation de la méthode de conception thermique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38123.
Full textFor several years now, climate change has had a major influence on the degradation of permafrost, which has a direct impact on infrastructure stability. Nunavik is the northern part of the province of Quebec where there are no roads or railways connecting the villages. Air and marine transportation are therefore essential to ensure communication between the villages and the rest of the province. The construction of transportation embankments inevitably affects the thermal regime of the ground and can lead to thermal degradation of the underlying permafrost, resulting in a significant loss of structural and functional capacity of the infrastructure. To reduce the impacts of permafrost thawing on transportation infrastructure, several protection techniques have been developed. These different techniques are based on reducing the heat input under the infrastructure and increasing the heat extraction from the embankment. The analysis of the results of a long-term monitoring of three test sites is presented in this document. In Tasiujaq, the three mitigation methods that have been installed in the slope of the airstrip embankment are a gentle slope embankment, an air convection embankment and a heat drain, and the results of the analysis demonstrate how the gentle slope performs best under Tasiujaq's climate conditions. At the Puvirnituq airstrip, the project is studying an air convection embankment, finding that the current height of the embankment provides thermal stability by leaving a one-metre safety margin for future climate change. On the road to the Salluit airport, the permafrost mitigation method under study is a heat drain, which, according to the analyses performed, was not necessary in terms of heat balance, but was beneficial in generating a large safety margin for this important infrastructure.
Claveau, Fortin Catherine. "L'aménagement du territoire de la communauté d'Inukjuak, Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27658.
Full textThe rising population, overcrowded housing, the pressure of urban and economic development and the warming climate are all factors that create the necessity of better land use planning in the communities of Nunavik, Canada. In this context, the link between land use planning and permafrost knowledge is strong. A better understanding of the permafrost conditions supports better decision making and therefore promotes a better adaptation of the communities facing the challenge of climate change and better planning of village growth due to more housing development. The study of the foundation types on permafrost terrain in the community of Inukjuak shows the necessity of the technical integration of the permafrost in the land use planning process in the community.
Jolivel, Maxime. "Érosion du pergélisol, transport fluvial et sédimentation marine, côte est de la baie d'Hudson, Nunavik, Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25562.
Full textThis thesis studies the system erosion-transport-sedimentation in a thermokastic area, in a context of warming climate. The study area encompasses the catchment of the Sheldrake River, 5 km north of the village Umiujaq, Nunavik, and a 15 km2 area off its mouth, in the Nastapoka Sound, in Hudson Bay. Three main axes are considered: 1- study of permafrost conditions and quantitative estimate of the volumes and masses of eroded sediment and organic carbon at the scale of the catchment; 2- measurements of the hydrological and sedimentary regime of the main vector of transport, the Sheldrake River; 3- bathymetry, sedimentology and measurements of mineral and organic inputs in the coastal marine environment, off the river mouth. In the Sheldrake River catchment, permafrost has considerably degraded during the last 50 years, particularly in the forested tundra. Subsidence of lithalsas, palsas, permafrost plateaus and peat plateaus leads to the formation of thermokarst ponds. Many landslides and erosion gullies are also active and favor inputs of sediments in the fluvial network. Because of permafrost decay, hydrological connectivity increases, facilitating evacuation of sediment and carbon through the river. In this thermokarstic environment, the fluvial sedimentary load in suspension is more important during summer when high air temperatures provoke soils thawing, favoring frostboils activation and triggering of landslides. Summer rainfalls allow sediment transport and evacuation in Hudson Bay. Once in the sea, the sediments and carbon in suspension are dispersed because of the intensity of the marine currents in the Nastapoka Sounds. This results in an absence of a measurable increase of sedimentation rates. However, the isotopic composition of sedimentary carbon shows that the terrestrial fraction has increased since the Little Ice Age and that this trend has significantly accelerated since the end of the 20th century. It is suggested that permafrost decay contributes to this increase, although it is not the only proposed source.
Leblanc, Anne-Marie. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du régime thermique du pergélisol de la vallée de Salluit au Québec nordique en fonction de différents scénarios de réchauffement climatique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29687/29687.pdf.
Full textEl, Baroudi Majid. "Auscultation du pergélisol par méthodes géo-électriques : tomographie de polarisation provoquée, diagraphie et tomographie de résistivité électrique en forages." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29864.
Full textIn Nunavik (Québec), frost-susceptible marine sediments were deposited along the coasts of Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay after their deglaciation and during the subsequent marine transgression. Following the postglacial emersion due to the isostatic uplift, the marine deposits came in contact with the cold air and ice-rich permafrost formed in these deposits. Therefore, the Inuit communities located along the coasts of Nunavik may be built on ice-rich permafrost and their infrastructures may be vulnerable to permafrost degradation. This vulnerability may impact the sustainable development of these communities affecting the performance, maintenance costs and service life of their infrastructures. In answer to the needs of efficient permafrost investigation in cold regions engineering to avoid zones vulnerable or use mitigation method to permafrost degradation, the main goals of this doctoral research project are: 1) to assess a conceptual geocryological model of an ice-rich permafrost mound in the discontinuous permafrost zone in Nunavik from the interpretation of five cone penetration tests carried out in the mound, 2) taking into account the previous model and using the forward modelling approach in geophysics, to develop an innovative geophysical approach based on different geo-electrical methods for permafrost investigation, 3) to test this geophysical approach for the characterization of the previous ice-rich permafrost mound, and 4) to contribute to knowledge development on the geocryology of permafrost mounds in Nunavik. The study site is located in a deep valley near the Inuit community of Umiujaq along the east coast of Hudson Bay. Permafrost environments characteristic of Nunavik such as ice-rich permafrost mounds are found in this valley which is accessible from this community. The research methodology consists in using the forward modelling approach in geophysics taking into account the conceptual geocryological model of the studied ice-rich permafrost mound to design the geophysical investigation based of induced polarization tomography and electrical resistivity logging. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional induced polarization tomography and electrical resistivity logging were then performed of the study site. Unidimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of electrical resistivity and chargeability of the study site were found from the inversion of these geo-electrical surveys. The conceptual geocryological model was then improved by interpretating these geo-electrical models. The ice-rich core of the permafrost mound was accurately delineated using this geophysical approach. In conclusion, the geo-electrical investigation approach developed herein for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional characterization of ice-rich permafrost environments can be used to delineate zones vulnerable to permafrost degradation before the construction of northern infrastructures or along existing infrastructures to assess their vulnerability.
Voyer, Erika. "Expérimentation de méthodes de mitigation de la dégradation du pergélisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik, Nord du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26000/26000.pdf.
Full textBarrette, Carl. "Simulations numériques et projections des variations de l'épaisseur de la couche active du pergélisol à Salluit jusqu'en 2025." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27501/27501.pdf.
Full textJean, Mélanie. "Impact du couvert forestier sur le pergélisol des palses boisées de la région de la rivière Boniface, Québec subarctique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29117/29117.pdf.
Full textDagenais, Sophie. "Coupled cryo-hydrogeological modelling of permafrost dynamics at Umiujaq, Quebec, Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31265.
Full textA 2D numerical model has been developed to assess the impacts of groundwater flow on permafrost dynamics under a warming climate in northern Québec. The conceptual model developed herein focuses on a small permafrost mound located in the discontinuous permafrost zone near the Inuit community of Umiujaq, Nunavik, Québec. At the study site, permafrost is found in marine silt overlying a deep confined sand and gravel aquifer with active groundwater flow. To better understand the cryo-hydrogeological system, the HEATFLOW numerical code was used to simulate coupled groundwater flow and heat transport by conduction and advection along a 2D cross-section through the permafrost mound and oriented along the assumed direction of groundwater flow. The model was first calibrated manually using temperature profiles in the permafrost mound measured along thermistor cables over the past 10 years and using observed heat fluxes near the ground surface. A second simulation was then performed assuming only conductive heat transfer and neglecting groundwater flow. A comparison between both simulations reveals the important role of groundwater flow on permafrost dynamics at the Umiujaq site. As groundwater flow brings warmer water from recharge areas into the deep confined aquifer, it contributes significantly to warming of the system relative to conduction alone, and significantly decreases permafrost thickness. However, the simulation showed that thermal energy is also lost along the flowpath below the permafrost base which induces a cooling in the discharge areas in comparison to the recharge areas. The future system behavior is then predicted by taking into account a climate change scenario based on increases in temperature and precipitation. The predictive simulation suggests that permafrost will thaw from the base at a rate of about 80 cm per year, and from the permafrost table at a rate of 12 cm per year, until completely thawed by about 2040.
Gagnon, Samuel. "Measurement of permafrost greenhouse gas emissions through a new automated system of closed chambers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26293.
Full textLe réchauffement de l’Arctique a le potentiel d’affecter le climat global par le dégel du pergélisol engendrant des émissions accrues de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Ces émissions sont cependant difficiles à quantifier puisque les méthodes conventionnellement utilisées sont généralement onéreuses et souvent très laborieuses. À l’aide d’un nouveau système automatisé de chambres fermées développé pour cette étude, ce projet visait à mesurer les émissions de GES provenant du pergélisol dans une tourbière située à Salluit, au Nunavik. Les émissions ont été quantifiées sous différentes conditions environnementales afin de simuler le réchauffement climatique et déterminer les effets des variations spatiales sur les émissions de GES. Les résultats démontrent que le nouveau système produit des résultats comparables à ceux obtenus avec un système commercial existant. La température était le principal facteur affectant la variabilité de la ER et les plus grandes émissions de GES provenaient du site saturé en eau. Mots-clés: Pergélisol, Arctique, Changements climatiques, Toundra, Tourbière polygonale, Respiration de l’écosystème, Chambre fermée, Gaz à effet de serre, Décomposition, Réchauffement expérimental.
Warming in the Arctic has the potential to affect the global climate through permafrost thaw leading to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, these emissions are difficult to quantify because the methods conventionally used are often prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. With a new automated system of closed chambers developed for this study, this project aimed to measure permafrost GHG emissions in a polygonal peatland located near Salluit, Nunavik. The emissions were quantified under different environmental conditions in order to simulate climate warming and to determine the effect of spatial variability on GHG emissions. Results show that the new system yields results comparable to those obtained with an existing commercial system. Temperature was the principal factor influencing ecosystem respiration variability and the largest GHG emissions were measured on the water-saturated plot. Keywords: Permafrost, Arctic, Climate change, Tundra, Polygonal peatland, Ecosystem respiration, Closed chamber, Greenhouse gas, Decomposition, Experimental warming.
Lemelin, Dany. "Évolution et caractérisatin des polygones de toundra de la région de la rivière Biscarat, Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20767.
Full textLarouche, Marie-Ève. "Interaction entre la dégradation accélérée du pergélisol discontinu et l'organisation du réseau de drainage, Québec subarctique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21884.
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