Academic literature on the topic 'Performing reliefs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Performing reliefs"
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Biegon, Glenn. "Stereoscopic Synergy: Twin-Relief Sculpture and Painting." Leonardo 38, no. 2 (April 2005): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094053722354.
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Two accelerated-relief sculp-tures depicting the same scene from slightly different viewpoints can serve as sculpted stereo-scopic half-images—or “twin-reliefs.” Unlike traditional relief sculpture, which compresses sculptural space, twin-reliefs expand it, creating lifelike illusionistic depths. Viewed binocularly in a large Wheat-stone stereoscope, the twin-relief's virtual world appears colorful, atmospheric and life-size— even infinitely deep. Furthermore, unlike flat-picture stereoscopy, which allows just one undistorted, perspectively robust view, twin-reliefs provide infinitely many such views because, being sculptural, they “adapt” to the observer's movement. Twin-reliefs syner-gistically combine essential physical attributes previously separated between the domains of painting, sculpture and traditional flat-picture stereoscopy.
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Zsófia, Vargyas. "Alaricustól Szent Henrik császárig. Giovanni Bonazza és műhelye szétszóródott domborműsorozata Jankovich Miklós gyűjteményéből." Művészettörténeti Értesítő 69, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/080.2020.00007.
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The Sculpture Collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest has been enriched in recent years with twenty-one marble portrait reliefs carved by Giovanni Bonazza (1654–1736) and his workshop. Fifteen reliefs were transferred within the institution and six were purchased from a private collection, but the identical creator and size, the uniform plaster framing and the themes of seventeen pieces – portraits of Italian rulers in the period of great migrations and the early Middle Ages – made it perfectly clear that they are pieces of a relief series scattered at an unknown date. The four “character heads” without caption, which deviate in theme from the series, are typical items of Venetian baroque sculpture.The search for the provenance of the reliefs led the author to the collector and art patron Miklós Jankovich (1773–1846), who possessed sixty-two marble reliefs (or sixty-four in later sources) which represented – to quote the collection inventories ‘Hunnish, Goth, Longobard kings and their successors who reigned in Italy after the Roman emperors’ from Alaric to emperor Saint Henry. Jankovich probably bought the series from the heirs of István Marczibányi after his death in 1810. In 1836 it passed into the National Museum as part of the first Jankovich collection. The inventorying of the paintings and sculptures in the Jankovich collection was interrupted by the great flood of Pest in spring 1838, and that must be the cause why the relief series was not included in the stock of the museum and its provenance got gradually forgotten. In 1924 the reliefs kept in the repository of the Collection of Antiquities as “insignificant items for the museum” not belonging to its collecting profile began to be sorted out. Thirty items were auctioned off in the Ernst Museum, twenty pieces were exchanged with László Mautner, an antiquities dealer in Budapest for an array of archaeological and historical objects. In the National Museum eleven portraits of kings and four character heads remained, delivered as “remnant” of the Historical Collection to the Museum of Fine Arts in 1943, from where they were transferred to the Hungarian National Gallery in 1957. The relief series from Giovanni Bonazza’s workshop once in the Jankovich collection must have been the only complete series of kings (though only known from second-hand information) which was carved after the book of engravings by the historian Emanuele Tesauro of Turin, Del regno d’Italia sotto I barbari, published in Turin in 1664. Its dispersion is an irretrievable loss.
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Zsófia, Vargyas. "Alaricustól Szent Henrik császárig. Giovanni Bonazza és műhelye szétszóródott domborműsorozata Jankovich Miklós gyűjteményéből." Művészettörténeti Értesítő 69, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/080.2020.00007.
Full textAbstract:
The Sculpture Collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest has been enriched in recent years with twenty-one marble portrait reliefs carved by Giovanni Bonazza (1654–1736) and his workshop. Fifteen reliefs were transferred within the institution and six were purchased from a private collection, but the identical creator and size, the uniform plaster framing and the themes of seventeen pieces – portraits of Italian rulers in the period of great migrations and the early Middle Ages – made it perfectly clear that they are pieces of a relief series scattered at an unknown date. The four “character heads” without caption, which deviate in theme from the series, are typical items of Venetian baroque sculpture.The search for the provenance of the reliefs led the author to the collector and art patron Miklós Jankovich (1773–1846), who possessed sixty-two marble reliefs (or sixty-four in later sources) which represented – to quote the collection inventories ‘Hunnish, Goth, Longobard kings and their successors who reigned in Italy after the Roman emperors’ from Alaric to emperor Saint Henry. Jankovich probably bought the series from the heirs of István Marczibányi after his death in 1810. In 1836 it passed into the National Museum as part of the first Jankovich collection. The inventorying of the paintings and sculptures in the Jankovich collection was interrupted by the great flood of Pest in spring 1838, and that must be the cause why the relief series was not included in the stock of the museum and its provenance got gradually forgotten. In 1924 the reliefs kept in the repository of the Collection of Antiquities as “insignificant items for the museum” not belonging to its collecting profile began to be sorted out. Thirty items were auctioned off in the Ernst Museum, twenty pieces were exchanged with László Mautner, an antiquities dealer in Budapest for an array of archaeological and historical objects. In the National Museum eleven portraits of kings and four character heads remained, delivered as “remnant” of the Historical Collection to the Museum of Fine Arts in 1943, from where they were transferred to the Hungarian National Gallery in 1957. The relief series from Giovanni Bonazza’s workshop once in the Jankovich collection must have been the only complete series of kings (though only known from second-hand information) which was carved after the book of engravings by the historian Emanuele Tesauro of Turin, Del regno d’Italia sotto I barbari, published in Turin in 1664. Its dispersion is an irretrievable loss.
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Siregar, Syapar Alim. "Keringanan Dalam Hukum Islam." Jurnal el-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Pranata Sosial 5, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/el-qonuniy.v5i2.2155.
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Do Muslims have relief in implementing Islamic law? answer, he, that is rukhshah. Rukhsah is the religiousness given by the Shari'a to a Muslim who fulfills his terms and conditions. For example, when a person on a trip he is entitled to the reliefs that have been given by Shara ', including praying or calling' prayers, breaking the fast during the day of Ramadan, sweeping khuf for three days, performing sunnah prayers on a vehicle, leaving Friday prayers 'at, eat the carcass when it is in dharurat.
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Handriyotopo, Handriyotopo. "Plaosan Temple Ornaments As Iconography Metaphorical Hindu-Buddhist Ideology." Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 22, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v22i1.33358.
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Plaosan Temple is a building structure filled with beautiful ornaments and decorations, reliefs, and statues. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the metaphorical aspect of symbolism in the Plaosan temple reliefs, which represent Hindu and Buddhist ideologies. It also aims to understand the iconographic meaning of this structure as a temple building that unites differences for a peaceful purpose. This is a qualitative descriptive and interpretative research with the “minus one” technique used to determine the effect of removing an element of the temple. The hermeneutic-metaphorical interpretive description was used to visualize the ornaments’ symbols and determine the philosophical meaning between the ideological domain of Hindu symbolism and Buddhism. The results showed that the manifestation of love from the Plaosan temple is indicated in its temple’s relief elements and decorated ornaments.
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Jannot, Jean-René. "Les reliefs de Chiusi." Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Antiquité, no. 122-1 (September 15, 2010): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mefra.334.
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Vaage, M. B. "Fictional reliefs and reality checks." Screen 54, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/hjt004.
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Kahn, Deborah. "Recently Discovered Eleventh-Century Reliefs from Canterbury." Gesta 28, no. 1 (January 1989): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/767025.
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Smith, R. R. R. "Simulacra Gentium: the Ethne from the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias." Journal of Roman Studies 78 (November 1988): 50–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301450.
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Series of provinces and peoples were something new in Roman art. They were a distinctively Roman way of representing their empire visually, and reflect a distinctively Roman and imperial mode of thought. Such images are most familiar to us in sculpture from the reliefs that decorated the temple of Hadrian in Rome, and on coins from the ‘province’ series of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. We know, however, from various written sources that extensive groups of personified peoples were made at Rome under Augustus. Recently, the discovery of such a series in relief at Aphrodisias, there called ethne (peoples), allows us for the first time to see what an early imperial group of this kind looked like. The new reliefs were part of the elaborate decoration of a temple complex, probably called a Sebasteion, dedicated to Aphrodite Prometor and the Julio-Claudian emperors. I have already published in this journal the reliefs with imperial scenes, which portray the Roman emperor from a Greek perspective. This article publishes the ethne reliefs which, it will be argued, set out to reproduce or adapt in a much more direct manner an Augustan monument in Rome. The use of an Augustan-style ‘province’ series in Asia Minor is a telling illustration both of some of the mechanisms in the transmission of imperial art and of a Greek city's identification with the Roman government's view of its empire.
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Slavov, Stoyan, Lyubomir Si Bao Van, Diyan Dimitrov, and Boris Nikolov. "An Approach for 3D Modeling of the Regular Relief Surface Topography Formed by a Ball Burnishing Process Using 2D Images and Measured Profilograms." Sensors 23, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 5801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135801.
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Advanced in the present paper is an innovative approach for three-dimensional modeling of the regular relief topography formed via a ball burnishing process. The proposed methodology involves capturing a greyscale image of and profile measuring the surface topography in two perpendicular directions using a stylus method. A specially developed algorithm further identifies the best match between the measured profile segment and a row or column from the captured topography image by carrying out a signal correlation assessment based on an appropriate similarity metric. To ensure accurate scaling, the image pixel grey levels are scaled with a factor calculated as being the larger ratio between the ultimate heights of the measured profilograms and the more perfectly matched image row/column. Nine different similarity metrics were tested to determine the best performing model. The developed approach was evaluated for eight distinct types of fully and partially regular reliefs, and the results reveal that the best-scaled 3D topography models are produced for the fully regular reliefs with much greater heights. Following a thorough analysis of the results obtained, at the end of the paper, we draw some conclusions and discuss potential future work.
Books on the topic "Performing reliefs"
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Nizami, Çubuk. Hierapolis tiyatro kabartmaları. Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2002.
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Morris, Shad, and James Oldroyd. Stars that Shimmer and Stars that Shine. Edited by David G. Collings, Kamel Mellahi, and Wayne F. Cascio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758273.013.5.
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Stars are not only much higher performing than their peers, but also much more visible within the firm. Star employees are likely to be sought out by their lower-performing peers. Moreover, high visibility and frequent interaction make it likely that the stars will develop abundant social capital. Thus, they are relied on to develop information advantage through their social capital. However, not all of the information effects of stardom are beneficial. Stars’ abundant social capital may produce the unintended side effect of information overload. We highlight the role of talent management in mitigating these information-overload effects for stars, to allow them to shine.
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Ewan, McKendrick. Ch.6 Performance, s.2: Hardship, Art.6.2.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0124.
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This commentary analyses Article 6.2.1 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the performance of a contract in relation to the provisions on hardship. Art 6.2.1 establishes the starting point for any analysis of the hardship provisions of the PICC. The general rule is that a contract is binding and that it must be performed in accordance with its terms. The purpose of Art 6.2.1 is to make it clear that, given the binding character of the contract, ‘performance must be rendered as long as it is possible and regardless of the burden it may impose on the performing party’. Hardship is therefore the exception rather than the rule. Art 6.2.1 acts as a reminder that the general duty is to perform and that relief is very much the exception.
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Falomo, Eniola T. Cyst/Abscess Aspiration. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0053.
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Aspiration is the process of draining a fluid-filled structure, such as a cyst or an abscess, and is typically performed under ultrasound guidance. Cyst aspiration can be done for symptomatic relief (in patients with associated pain or tenderness), and for cases of presumed cysts with sonographic features that are not entirely diagnostic of a cyst. In the latter case, aspiration is performed to help distinguish between a complicated cyst and a solid mass. This chapter, appearing in the section on interventions and surgical procedures, reviews the procedural protocols and pitfalls, clinical management, and imaging follow-up involved in a cyst or abscess aspiration procedure. Topics discussed include indications for performing a cyst or abscess drainage procedure, procedural steps, post-procedure follow-up, and appropriate management of complex masses.
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Gala, Raj J., Lauren Szolomayer, Raysa Cabrejo, and James Yue. Endoscopically Assisted Lumbar Medial Branch Rhizotomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0016.
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For patients with multilevel lumbar spondylosis and back pain without leg symptoms, few surgical procedures exist to provide relief of pain. Axial back pain has been attributed in part to pain generated at the facet joints. The lumbar rhizotomy has emerged as an effective method for treatment of axial lumbar back pain in these patients. By performing a limited surgical approach and using an endoscopic method, patients report quick recovery without the pain that typically follows a larger surgical approach. This method provides effective means of ablating the medial branch of the dorsal root, with limited side effects and complications. The history of selective root rhizotomy is discussed, with focus on medial branch neurotomy for treatment of back pain. An endoscopically assisted rhizotomy technique using a minimally invasive approach to the lumbar spine is described. This technique may be expanded for use in other parts of the spine.
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Franklin, Eric. Dynamic Alignment Through Imagery. 2nd ed. Human Kinetics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718212848.
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"Dynamic Alignment Through Imagery, Second Edition", shows how to use imagery, touch and movement exercises to improve co-ordination and alignment. These exercises also help relieve tension, enhance the health of the spine and back and prevent back injury. This expanded new edition contains more than 600 imagery exercises along with nearly 500 illustrations to help visualize the exercises and use them in various contexts. "Dynamic Alignment Through Imagery" enables readers to experience the biomechanical and anatomical principles that are crucial to dancers, other performing artists, yoga and Pilates teachers and practitioners and athletes. The techniques and exercises presented in the book act as a guide to improving posture and will have a positive affect on thoughts and attitude about oneself and others. You can discover flexibility and increase the power to move.
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Shinsaigo no chiiki bunka to hisaisha no minzokushi: Fīrudo saigai jinbungaku no kōchiku. Tōkyō: Shinsensha, 2018.
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Morosanu, Gabriela Adina. La dynamique hydro-sédimentaire du bassin de la rivière Jiu : approche systémique et multi-échelle. Editura Universitara, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062812034.
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The present book, titled “The Hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the Jiu River Watershed. A systemic and multi-scale approach” sets about to investigate the dynamics of liquid and solid flows in a challenging watershed represented by the Jiu River Basin. The Jiu River (with a length of 339 km) is one of the main tributaries of the Danube in its Romanian sector, and its watershed stretches over an area of 10,080 km2, in SW Romania. Jiu River Basin is defined by complex geographical features, determined by a variety of natural and socio-economic factors. From an economic standpoint, the element that makes Jiu’s watershed stand out among other comparable rivers is the presence and exploitation of coal in its upper sector (bituminous coal) and middle sector (lignite), as these activities have left their mark on the quality of the water and the quantity and origins of fine sediments. In this study, we relied upon the existence of coal resources in order to investigate the hydro-sedimentary dynamics in the Jiu River Basin and identify the fine sediment sources, by performing an analysis of coal particles found in the fine sediments, which was carried out through different laboratory methods.
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Suchowiejko, Renata. Polsko-rosyjskie spotkania w przestrzeni kultury muzycznej: XIX wiek i początek XX stulecia. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381386685.
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POLISH-RUSSIAN ENCOUNTERS IN THE SPACE OF MUSICAL CULTURE: THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES Musicians travel: in their youth, to learn and perfect their métier; later, to gain fame and recognition, secure artistic and financial satisfaction. Circulating music prints reach various recipients at home and abroad, while the production and distribution of such publications depend mainly on the needs and tastes of consumers. Musical instruments provided by the music industry also find their way to many customers. This industry is an integral part of culture as it provides the material basis for creating and performing music. Musical culture emerges ‘in movement’: through encounters and the exchange of people, compositions, ideas, and physical goods. It has its own dynamics and channels of expansion; it relies on extensive and ever changing networks on personal, professional, institutional, and commercial levels. This musical exchange happens across state borders; it is not blocked by geography or politics, although both may affect it to an extent. The present collective work Polsko-rosyjskie spotkania w przestrzeni kultury muzycznej (XIX wiek i początek XX stulecia) [Polish-Russian Encounters in the Space of Musical Culture: The 19th and Early 20th Centuries] attempts to show this exchange through the testimony of historical sources: autographs, music prints, records of social life (concert programmes), and press materials. The main focus of the articles is on the presence of Polish music and Polish musicians in Russian culture; however, there is also a discussion of the opposite perspective, of Russian music and musicians in Polish culture.
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Hurricane Katrina: How is FEMA performing its mission at this stage of recovery? : hearing before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, October 6, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Performing reliefs"
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Sridhar, Divya, and Aziz Aboobaker. "Monitoring Chromatin Regulation in Planarians Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Followed by Sequencing (ChIP-seq)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 529–47. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_28.
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AbstractPlanarians are an accessible model system to study animal regeneration and stem cells. Over the last two decades, new molecular techniques have provided us with powerful tools to understand whole-body regeneration and pluripotent adult stem cells specifically. We describe a method for performing Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) on planarian cells that relies on FACS to isolate different cell populations followed by immunoprecipitation and library preparation for next-generation sequencing. Whole-genome profiling of histone modifications enables a greater understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in development, pluripotency, and differentiation. This protocol adds to the growing list of functional genomic approaches to study whole-body regeneration in animals.
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Massari, Alice. "Humanitarian NGOs and Global Governance: One, No One and One Hundred Thousand Humanitarian NGOs." In IMISCOE Research Series, 73–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71143-6_4.
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AbstractTo understand the role that NGOs’ representation of Syrian displacement plays in global governance before getting into the visual analysis it is important reflect upon the aspirations of emergency organizations. How do relief agencies intend, perceive and present their role to the public? Are they interested in participating or influencing global governance? Do they consider their role as promoters of universal values or technical agents performing a specific task? Answering these questions is important to unpack their distinctiveness and the different ways in which different NGOs conceive and perform their mission in the international arena. In this sense, it is extremely interesting to look at how relief organizations accommodate their humanitarian role and the humanitarian principles within contexts that are inescapably highly political (e.g., situations of violence, displacement, political contestation or belligerent occupation). Not only do NGOs work within a complex web of political interests, international relations and systems of power, but, for better or worse, their humanitarian and advocacy actions have practical political implications. The investigation of how different organizations negotiate their relationship with politics allows us to better understand where each positions itself within the heated debate around the interrelations of humanitarianism and politics discussed in the first chapter.
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Akili, Samira, Emilia Cioroaica, Thomas Kuhn, and Holger Schlingloff. "Creating Trust in Collaborative Embedded Systems." In Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems, 217–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62136-0_10.
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AbstractEffective collaboration of embedded systems relies strongly on the assumption that all components of the system and the system itself operate as expected. A level of trust is established based on that assumption. To verify and validate these assumptions, we propose a systematic procedure that starts at the design phase and spans the runtime of the systems. At design time, we propose system evaluation in pure virtual environments, allowing multiple system behaviors to be executed in a variety of scenarios. At runtime, we suggest performing predictive simulation to get insights into the system’s decisionmaking process. This enables trust to be created in the system part of a cooperation. When cooperation is performed in open, uncertain environments, the negotiation protocols between collaborative systems must be monitored at runtime. By engaging in various negotiation protocols, the participants assign roles, schedule tasks, and combine their world views to allow more resilient perception and planning. In this chapter, we describe two complementary monitoring approaches to address the decentralized nature of collaborative embedded systems.
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Kreuzwieser, Simon, Andreas Kimmig, Felix Michels, Rebecca Bulander, Victor Häfner, Jakob Bönsch, and Jivka Ovtcharova. "Human-Machine-Interaction in Innovative Work Environment 4.0 – A Human-Centered Approach." In New Digital Work, 68–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26490-0_5.
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AbstractThe working environment is constantly changing and companies face the challenge of adapting to new and constantly changing customer requirements. Employees are faced with the challenge of identifying and learning new, helpful technologies and using them in order to achieve efficiency gains and increase productivity. This article addresses the three technologies Artificial Intelligence, Robotic Process Automation and Virtual Reality, which will play an important role in the future of work and will influence the Work Environment 4.0. Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Process Automation relieve employees of repetitive and manual tasks which thus accelerate and simplify business processes. Virtual Reality offers employees new opportunities to collaborate in virtual environments. Instead of performing routine tasks, employees will increasingly promote the use of such technologies in future and orchestrate their application. In addition, it is important for employees to continuously look for new use cases within their own organization and to collaborate with external partners. The article aims to describe the opportunities that arise from the application of the technologies and to explain their effects on the Work Environment 4.0 and the employee.
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Newby, Zahra. "The Athenian Ephēbeia Performing the Past." In Greek Athletics in the Roman World, 168–201. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199279302.003.0006.
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Abstract The Athenian ephEbeia in the Roman period has not received much attention, despite the fact that most of our epigraphic evidence dates to the Wrst to third cen- turies ad. So, Pelekides’ 1962 study ends with 31 bc, with only minimal discussion of the later evidence. Where the inscriptions have received attention, it has been primarily in the interests of prosopography and chronology, though Graindor also looked at ephebic festivals and the honoriWc portraits. This is perhaps due to the lack of attention paid to the Athenian ephEbeia in the literary sources of the Roman period. While the ephebes of Athens do Wnd occasional mention, particularly in Philostratus’ account of Herodes Atticus in The Lives of the Sophists, their pursuits do not appear to have excited the same literary interest as those of Sparta. How- ever, the epigraphic record suggests that the ephEbeia was indeed thriving in Roman Athens and that ephebes would have been prominent in both ephebic and civic festivals. While the literary sources are relatively quiet here, inscriptions, reliefs, and portraits present persuasive material evidence of the importance of the ephEbeia in Athenian cultural life.
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Laroche, Julien, Tommi Himberg, and Asaf Bachrach. "Making Time Together." In Performing Time, 197–214. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896254.003.0019.
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Abstract The temporality of human behaviours and experiences implicates multiple timescales, reflecting interactions between manifold processes that cut across intra- and intersubjective levels of organization. The way individuals feel time and shape it through their bodily actions is therefore something that individuals ‘make together’. Collective improvisation—being the very art of temporality negotiation—is thus a paradigmatic practice of participatory time-making. Using modified improvisational scores (sets of constraints that participants abide by during an improvisation practice), this chapter investigates how the enactment of time relies on and emerges from the interactions between participants. To study the effects of one’s interactions with others on the temporality of one’s behaviours and experiences, analysis of kinematic coordination and subjective experiential reports are combined. This approach is illustrated with two protocols that highlight the collective formation (and disruption) of temporal ‘shapes’ at multiple timescales through bodily interactions.
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Williamon, Aaron, Jane Ginsborg, Rosie Perkins, and George Waddell. "Observations." In Performing Music Research, 85–108. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 of Performing Music Research examines three different types of observation: (1) participant observation, in which the investigator has a dual role, acting as both participant and researcher, thereby placing value on the insights gained through an “insider” perspective on the phenomenon under observation; (2) semi-structured observational methods, typically used when a researcher wants to observe specific behaviors as more of an “outsider” but also wishes to retain an element of open-ended enquiry; and (3) quantitative, structured observational research, which relies on a more objective and detached observation of predetermined categories. Throughout, the chapter considers the advantages of each of these methods and the challenges they pose.
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Williamon, Aaron, Jane Ginsborg, Rosie Perkins, and George Waddell. "Interviews." In Performing Music Research, 129–54. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714545.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 of Performing Music Research sets out the characteristic features of research interviews, introducing four types of interview: open interviews, which often arise spontaneously or informally and which are largely unstructured or explore an overarching topic of interest; semi-structured interviews, an approach often taken in music research that relies on a predetermined yet flexible set of principal questions; structured interviews, which make use of fixed and unchangeable questions within an entirely predetermined format; and focus group interviews, which take place with groups of participants rather than individuals. The chapter addresses some of the challenges of using different types of interviews, presents ways to design and conduct interviews effectively, and considers ways to write about and report them.
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Brandfonbrener, Alice G., and Richard J. Lederman. "Performing Arts Medicine." In The New Handbook Of Research On Music Teaching And Learning, 1009–22. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138849.003.0061.
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Abstract The Evolution of Performing Arts Medicine in the United States Musicians have long recognized that music-making carries with it certain physical and psychological risks, the significance of which ranges from trivial annoyances to careerhalting injuries. Since the publication of the first Handbook, an increased number of medical professionals themselves have acknowledged the existence of occupational injuries, as a consequence of which there is now a medical subspecialty, Performing Arts Medicine, sometimes referred to as “music medicine.” This chapter will briefly review the recent history and current state of the field; its focus, limits, and potential. Most important, we will attempt to provide basic information for music educators so that they, together with medical practitioners and other researchers, can seek to limit the impact of these problems on musicians and especially attempt their prevention. A few preliminary disclaimers are in order. In spite of giant strides made in the past 15-20 years through clinical experience and accumulating epidemiologic data, much of the information about musicians’ medical problems remains anecdotal. The symptoms with which musicians present are often nonspecific, with few if any objective physical findings and often without confirmatory diagnostic tests. Thus, treatment is also often nonspecific, directed more toward relief of symptoms than on understanding or eradicating their causes and more pragmatic than based on scientifically proven data. In summary, one should not expect more from this chapter than it can honestly supply, despite the combined experience of its authors of in excess of 50 years of providing medical care for musicians. Performing arts medicine remains in the year 2001 part art and part science.
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Karpf, Juanita. "Music Education and Racial Uplift." In Performing Racial Uplift, 95–116. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496836687.003.0005.
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Hackley harnessed music education as a means for delivering her mediatory activist agenda. She believed that through music, black Americans could best convince the dominant white population of their considerable talent, ability, determination and accomplishments. She preferred a non-confrontational mode of activism rather than participation in more militant protests. Moreover, by interweaving music teaching with New Thought principles, Hackley encouraged her students and audiences to concentrate on optimism, racial justice and positive change. Music also provided the means for Hackley to reach countless blacks as she offered music lessons and singing instruction to huge audiences at virtually every black community in the continental U.S. Her pedagogical methods relied on components of New Thought. In addition to her activities as a community music educator, she opened a music school for teacher training in Chicago—the Normal Vocal Institute—and was the first black American to establish such a school.
Conference papers on the topic "Performing reliefs"
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Catalano, L. A., A. Dadone, and D. Manodoro. "Design of High Performing Duct-Burners for Combined-Cycle Plants Using Progressive Optimization." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30087.
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A general efficient strategy for the design optimization of duct-burners for combined-cycle plants is presented. This methodology combines a widely employed commercial code, used for the flow analysis, with a progressive optimization strategy, whose efficiency relies on the simultaneous convergence of both the flow solution and the optimization process, as well as on the use of progressively finer grid levels. The proposed strategy has been initially tested versus two inverse design examples with known solutions; then, it has been employed to flatten the outlet thermal profile of a new enhanced-mixing after-burner. The presented results show that the overall optimization process requires a computational time compared to that required by 5 ÷ 14 flow analyses.
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Gladchenko, D. A., S. M. Bogdanov, L. V. Roshchina, and A. A. Chelnokov. "Effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord on the manifestation of reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition α-motor neurons of the lower leg muscles against the background of a weak isometric contraction in magnitude." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-65-67.
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The article presents the results of a study of the reflex mechanisms of reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition at rest and when performing an isometric reduction of 5% of MPS against the background of twenty-minute non-invasive electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. It was found that at rest against the background of electrical stimulation, reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition was inverted to their relief, and when performing plantar flexion of the foot, on the contrary, reciprocal and presynaptic inhibition increased, but the severity of presynaptic inhibition was greater.
Key words: percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, reciprocal inhibition, presynaptic inhibition, isometric contraction.
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Dorey, Jamie, Georgy Rassadkin, and Douglas Ridgway. "Complex Subsurface Well Abandonments Using Relief Well Methodologies." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206311-ms.
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Abstract The field experience in the continental US suggests that approximately 33% of plug and abandonment operations are non-routine, and 5% require re-entry (Greer C.R., 2018). In some scenarios, the most cost-efficient option for the intervention is drilling an intercept well to re-enter the target well or multiple wells externally using advanced survey management and magnetic ranging techniques. This paper presents the methods applied of relief well methodologies from the planning to execution of a complex multiple-well abandonment project. Improvements in Active Magnetic Ranging sensor design and applications have improved the availability of highly precise tools for the purpose of locating and intercepting wellbores where access is not possible. These instruments were commonplace on relief well interventions, however, have found a new application in solving one of the major issues facing the oil and gas industry. Subsurface abandonments are a complex task that requires a robust methodology. In this paper, we describe the techniques that have been built upon the best practices from industry experience (ISCWSA WISC eBook). This paper also illustrates how the combination of advanced survey management, gyro surveying, and magnetic ranging can be used following the best industry practices for fast and cost-efficient non-routine plug and abandonment. Case studies of several abandonment projects are presented showing the various technical challenges which are common on idle and legacy wells. The projects include wells that are currently under the ownership of an operator and orphaned wells that have been insufficiently abandoned and left idle over many decades. The case studies outline how the application of relief well methodologies to the execution of complex sub surface interventions led to the successful outcomes of meeting environmental and government regulations for wellbore abandonment. This includes performing multiple zonal isolations between reservoirs, water zones and preventing oil and gas seepage to the surface. The projects and their outcomes prove economically viable strategies for tackling the growing issue of idle and orphaned wells globally in a fiscally responsible manner. Combining industry best practice methods for relief well drilling, along with the technological advancements in magnetic ranging systems is a solution for one of the largest dilemmas facing the oil and gas industry in relation to idle and orphaned wellbores. These applications allow previously considered impossible abandonments to be completed with a high probability of long-term success in permanent abandonment.
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Xu, Zijie, Peng Wang, Wenjun Ke, Guozheng Li, Jiajun Liu, Ke Ji, Xiye Chen, and Chenxiao Wu. "Incorporating Schema-Aware Description into Document-Level Event Extraction." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/729.
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Document-level event extraction (DEE) aims to extract the structured event information from a given document, facing two critical challenges: (1) event arguments always scatter across sentences (arguments-scattering); (2) multiple events can co-occur in one document (multi-event). Most recent studies mainly follow two simplified settings to ease the challenges: one simplifies DEE with the no-trigger-words design (NDEE), and the other focuses on event argument extraction (DEAE), a sub-task of DEE. However, the former excludes trigger extraction and suffers from error propagation in the sub-tasks. The latter relies heavily on the gold triggers as prerequisites and struggles to distinguish multiple arguments playing the same role in different events. To address the limitations above, we propose a novel joint trigger and argument extraction paradigm SEELE to enhance the DEE model via incorporating SchEma-awarE descriptions into Document-Level Event extraction. Specifically, the schema-aware descriptions are leveraged from two aspects: (1) guiding the attention mechanism among event-aware tokens across sentences, which relieves arguments-scattering without error propagation; (2) performing the fine-grained contrastive learning to distinguish different events, which mitigates multi-event without gold triggers. Extensive experiments show the superiority of SEELE, achieving notable improvements (2.1% to 9.7% F1) on three NDEE datasets and competitive performance on two DEAE datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/TheoryRhapsody/SEELE.
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Mostafa, Salama, Azizul Azhar Ramli, Mohammed Ahmed Jubair, Saraswathy Shamini Gunasekaran, Aida Mustapha, and Mustafa Hamid Hassan. "Integrating Human Survival Factor in Optimizing the Routing of Flying Ad-hoc Networks in Search and Rescue Tasks." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002523.
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Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET)'s model operates according to routing protocols along with basic technical routing parameters. One of the FANET's significant challenges is ensuring the resilience of the UAVs' performance by adjusting the operational plan and network routing based on the constraints of operation goals and the limitations of resources. Subsequently, this paper proposes an agent-based Adaptive Zone Routing Protocol (AZRP) that enables the FANET to perform disaster relief missions efficiently. The AZRP operates in economic mode, search mode, or rescue mode according to the operational plan conditions, limitations of resources, and human survival factor. The AZRP is compared with the standard ZRP and AODV to determine the most suitable routing protocol in performing disaster relief missions. The search and rescue simulation is implemented by using the NS2 simulator. The testing and evaluation criteria consider Throughput (TH), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Packet Loss Ratios (PLR), and End-to-End Delay (E2E Delay). The obtained results indicate that the FANET model is able to perform in the three modes effectively and optimizes the search and rescue operations according to the given disaster relief simulation context and constraints. The AZRP outperforms the other two protocols and is able to achieve higher TH, higher PDR, lower PLR, and lower E2E delay.
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Engeda, Abraham. "A Spread Sheet as a Tool in Turbomachinery Design." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-324.
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Despite great advances in computations, industry still relies on empirical based one dimensional design in turbomachinery. In colleges and universities that offer turbomachinery education, even the one dimensional design becomes a very complex exercise unless the procedure is programmed. Due to lengthy calculations and iterations, simple solutions are not possible. Design exercises have therefore been limited in the classroom. But recent advances in powerful spreadsheets have opened a simple and fast way of performing turbomachinery design. This paper describes a typical current compressor design challenge in industry and how a student deals with the design and analysis using a spreadsheet.
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Joko Yulianto, Henrikus. "Performing Ancient Relics as An Evocation of Spiritual and Ecological Awareness in Allen Ginsberg’s “Plutonian Ode” and Gary Snyder’s “Logging 12” & “Logging 14”." In Proceedings of the UNNES International Conference on English Language Teaching, Literature, and Translation (ELTLT 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/eltlt-18.2019.59.
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Zhu, Shufang, Lucas M. Tabajara, Jianwen Li, Geguang Pu, and Moshe Y. Vardi. "Symbolic LTLf Synthesis." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/189.
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LTLf synthesis is the process of finding a strategy that satisfies a linear temporal specification over finite traces. An existing solution to this problem relies on a reduction to a DFA game. In this paper, we propose a symbolic framework for LTLf synthesis based on this technique, by performing the computation over a representation of the DFA as a boolean formula rather than as an explicit graph. This approach enables strategy generation by utilizing the mechanism of boolean synthesis. We implement this symbolic synthesis method in a tool called Syft, and demonstrate by experiments on scalable benchmarks that the symbolic approach scales better than the explicit one.
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Artus, Mathias, Martin Schickert Schickert, Jason Lai, and Christian Koch. "Integration of Wave-Based Non-Destructive Survey Results into BIM Models." In The 29th EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering. EG-ICE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.455.c221.
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Aging bridges and rising load indices induce increases in bridge deterioration. Several nationalities conduct non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to analyze current bridge conditions. Traditionalpractice relies on exchanging plans and reports. However, sufficient planning and interpretation of NDT surveys require comprehensive building information. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become an established concept for design, planning, and construction of buildings and structures. Combining the concept of BIM and NDT promises benefits in case of planning and performing surveys and interpret resultant data. This paper describes a framework that incorporates building information, inspection data,and data ofwave-based surveys, for instanceultrasonic and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR),to allow in-depth building assessment.
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Ghanem, Roger, and Manuel Pellissetti. "A Method for the Validation of Predictive Computations Using a Stochastic Approach." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28071.
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The task of model validation deals with quantifying the extent to which predictions from a particular model can be relied upon as representatives of the true behavior of the system being modeled. This issue is of great importance in assessing the reliability and safety of structures since in most cases their quantification relies on predictions from sophisticated probabilistic models. The paper describes a formalism that will extend the realm of the model to include all aspects of data collection and parameter calibration. Error estimators are developed that permit the quantification of the value of computational efforts (mesh refinement) versus analytical efforts (model refinement) and experimental effort (data acquisition and analysis). Starting with the hypothesis that the material properties of a given medium can be modeled within the framework of probability theory, a very rich mathematical setting is available to completely characterize the probabilistic behavior and evolution of the associated random medium under an external disturbance. The probability measure on the material properties is uniquely transformed into a probability measure on the state of the medium. A computational implementation of related concepts has been developed in the framework of stochastic finite elements and applied to a number of problems. Clearly, great value can be attributed to the ability of performing the forward analysis whereby the probability measure on the state of the system is completely characterized by the measure on the material properties. The assumed probability measure on the material properties, however, is greatly dependent on the amount and quality of data used to synthesize this measure. As this measure is updated, estimates of the performance of the underlying natural or physical system change. Significant interest exists therefore in developing the capability of controlling the error in the probabilistic estimates through designed data collection. The mathematical setting adopted in this paper for describing random variables is ideally suited for treating this problem as one of data refinement. A close parallel will be delineated between this concept and that of adaptive mesh refinement, well established in deterministic finite elements. Underlying this latter problem, are issues related to error estimation that are relied upon to guide the adaptation of the refinement. The paper develops a similar “data refinement” concept and highlights the basic underlying principles.
Reports on the topic "Performing reliefs"
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Moghissi. PR-186-04305-R01 Liquid Petroleum - Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010709.
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LP-ICDA is intended to serve as an integrity verification tool, playing the same role within pipeline integrity management as in-line inspection (ILI) and hydrotesting (either as a replacement or as a complement). The method relies on: Identifying a mechanism for corrosion susceptibility; Detecting a property associated with this mechanism through an indirect measurement; Performing a direct observation of the pipe (e.g., by excavation); and Correcting for any discrepancies between the predictions and observations.
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Busso, Matías, and Verónica Frisancho. Ability Grouping and Student Performance: Experimental Evidence from Middle Schools in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004716.
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This article relies on a large-scale field experiment in Mexico to measure the effects of two ability-grouping models (tracking and heterogeneous/bimodal groups) on student learning outcomes during middle school. Both strategies yielded an average learning gain of 0.08 of a standard deviation. We find larger and more persistent effects among initially high-achieving students and no significant effects among low achievers. Students in top tracking enjoyed multiple advantages, particularly a concentration of high-performing peers and a very homogeneous classroom, that facilitated the teacher's work and increased students' effort levels. Bimodal classes fostered greater effort levels among top students, while teachers induced less competition and allocated more time to practice and feedback activities, to the detriment of lecture time. Our results support the allocation of students to homogeneous classes to maximize performance gains among top students without hurting low achievers. Fostering inclusive learning among weaker students would require complementary investments under both models.
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Beard, George. New Mobility - Alternative transport for better outcomes. TRL, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/ykrl1775.
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Freedom of movement is enshrined in Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The expression of this right relies on there being accessible and safe transport available for people to use. Furthermore, transport underpins the fundamental needs of society to move goods and people around. Transport is not performing as well as it could. In many ways the freedom of movement for people and goods that transport supports is now more damaging than it needs to be to the environment, to the economy, and to people. TRL’s vision for new mobility is a transport system that provides better choice and access for everyone, serving as an enabler for better outcomes across these areas. In practice new mobility refers to a range of existing and emerging transport modes, services and technologies that have potential to provide a compelling alternative to the motor vehicle. At its core, new mobility is about rebalancing the movement of both people and goods away from single occupancy, inefficient, fossil-fuel powered vehicles. But achieving these goals is not straightforward; there is no ‘silver bullet’ that can entirely replace the need for internal combustion engine vehicles and solve all of our societal challenges. Instead the answer lies in understanding, developing and implementing the right mix of new mobility solutions.
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Hart, James, Nasir Zulfiqar, and Carl Popelar. L52289 Use of Pipeline Geometry Monitoring to Assess Pipeline Condition. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010254.
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Describes an algorithm is developed for deducing the longitudinal or axial strain from geometry pig measurements of a laterally displaced pipeline; often caused by geohazards. The development is limited to those lateral displacements of the pipeline that results in a predominantly transverse loading; i.e., the induced transverse component of the loading is much greater than its axial component. The emphasis is upon evaluating inelastic straining that accompanies large lateral displacement of the pipeline. The induced extensional strain is found to vary linearly with the change in curvature of the pipeline. The validity of the approach is established through favorable comparisons of the predictions for the extensional strains with those determined from buried pipeline finite element simulations of various displaced pipe configurations, pipe geometries, and loading amplitudes. Since the algorithm relies only upon measurements of the geometry of the displaced pipeline, it is independent of the pipe's and soil's material properties, pipe-soil interaction, and the loading conditions. Benefit: The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated by performing a large matrix of finite element simulations of displaced pipelines of different geometries subjected to block subsidence, landslides intersecting the pipeline at varying angles, fault crossings at different angles and different loading states, and comparing the analytical strains with the strains deduced from digital pig measurements of the curvature of the deformed pipeline. In this regard, the finite element simulations serve the role of surrogate geometry pig measurements. These comparisons are used to establish the resolution of the change in curvature measurement required of a geometry pig to produce a reliable estimate for the longitudinal strain in a displaced pipeline. An error analysis is also performed to establish the relative error as a function of the curvature measurement gage length, a characteristic feature-length, and the abruptness of the displaced shape of the pipeline.
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Rarasati, Niken, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Giving Schools and Teachers Autonomy in Teacher Professional Development Under a Medium-Capability Education System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/050.
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A mature teacher who continuously seeks improvement should be recognised as a professional who has autonomy in conducting their job and has the autonomy to engage in a professional community of practice (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010). In other words, teachers’ engagement in professional development activities should be driven by their own determination rather than extrinsic sources of motivation. In this context, teachers’ self-determination can be defined as a feeling of connectedness with their own aspirations or personal values, confidence in their ability to master new skills, and a sense of autonomy in planning their own professional development path (Stupnisky et al., 2018; Eyal and Roth, 2011; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Previous studies have shown the advantages of providing teachers with autonomy to determine personal and professional improvement. Bergmark (2020) found that giving teachers the opportunity to identify areas of improvement based on teaching experience expanded the ways they think and understand themselves as teachers and how they can improve their teaching. Teachers who plan their own improvement showed a higher level of curiosity in learning and trying out new things. Bergmark (2020) also shows that a continuous cycle of reflection and teaching improvement allows teachers to recognise that the perfect lesson does not exist. Hence, continuous reflection and improvement are needed to shape the lesson to meet various classroom contexts. Moreover, Cheon et al. (2018) found that increased teacher autonomy led to greater teaching efficacy and a greater tendency to adopt intrinsic (relative to extrinsic) instructional goals. In developed countries, teacher autonomy is present and has become part of teachers’ professional life and schools’ development plans. In Finland, for example, the government is responsible for providing resources and services that schools request, while school development and teachers’ professional learning are integrated into a day-to-day “experiment” performed collaboratively by teachers and principals (Niemi, 2015). This kind of experience gives teachers a sense of mastery and boosts their determination to continuously learn (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In low-performing countries, distributing autonomy of education quality improvement to schools and teachers negatively correlates with the countries’ education outcomes (Hanushek et al., 2011). This study also suggests that education outcome accountability and teacher capacity are necessary to ensure the provision of autonomy to improve education quality. However, to have teachers who can meet dynamic educational challenges through continuous learning, de Klerk & Barnett (2020) suggest that developing countries include programmes that could nurture teachers’ agency to learn in addition to the regular content and pedagogical-focused teacher training materials. Giving autonomy to teachers can be challenging in an environment where accountability or performance is measured by narrow considerations (teacher exam score, administrative completion, etc.). As is the case in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, teachers tend to attend training to meet performance evaluation administrative criteria rather than to address specific professional development needs (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). Generally, the focus of the training relies on what the government believes will benefit their teaching workforce. Teacher professional development (TPD) is merely an assignment for Jakarta teachers. Most teachers attend the training only to obtain attendance certificates that can be credited towards their additional performance allowance. Consequently, those teachers will only reproduce teaching practices that they have experienced or observed from their seniors. As in other similar professional development systems, improvement in teaching quality at schools is less likely to happen (Hargreaves, 2000). Most of the trainings were led by external experts or academics who did not interact with teachers on a day-to-day basis. This approach to professional development represents a top-down mechanism where teacher training was designed independently from teaching context and therefore appears to be overly abstract, unpractical, and not useful for teachers (Timperley, 2011). Moreover, the lack of relevancy between teacher training and teaching practice leads to teachers’ low ownership of the professional development process (Bergmark, 2020). More broadly, in the Jakarta education system, especially the public school system, autonomy was never given to schools and teachers prior to establishing the new TPD system in 2021. The system employed a top-down relationship between the local education agency, teacher training centres, principals, and teachers. Professional development plans were usually motivated by a low teacher competency score or budgeted teacher professional development programme. Guided by the scores, the training centres organised training that could address knowledge areas that most of Jakarta's teachers lack. In many cases, to fulfil the quota as planned in the budget, the local education agency and the training centres would instruct principals to assign two teachers to certain training without knowing their needs. Realizing that the system was not functioning, Jakarta’s local education agency decided to create a reform that gives more autonomy toward schools and teachers in determining teacher professional development plan. The new system has been piloted since November 2021. To maintain the balance between administrative evaluation and addressing professional development needs, the new initiative highlights the key role played by head teachers or principals. This is based on assumption that principals who have the opportunity to observe teaching practice closely could help teachers reflect and develop their professionalism. (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). As explained by the professional development case in Finland, leadership and collegial collaboration are also critical to shaping a school culture that could support the development of professional autonomy. The collective energies among teachers and the principal will also direct the teacher toward improving teaching, learning, and caring for students and parents (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010; Hargreaves, 2000). Thus, the new TPD system in Jakarta adopts the feature of collegial collaboration. This is considered as imperative in Jakarta where teachers used to be controlled and join a professional development activity due to external forces. Learning autonomy did not exist within themselves. Hence, teachers need a leader who can turn the "professional development regulation" into a culture at schools. The process will shape teachers to do professional development quite autonomously (Deci et al., 2001). In this case, a controlling leadership style will hinder teachers’ autonomous motivation. Instead, principals should articulate a clear vision, consider teachers' individual needs and aspirations, inspire, and support professional development activities (Eyal and Roth, 2011). This can also be called creating a professional culture at schools (Fullan, 1996). In this Note, we aim to understand how the schools and teachers respond to the new teacher professional development system. We compare experience and motivation of different characteristics of teachers.