Journal articles: 'Performance projection'

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Ramanath, Rohan, S. Sathiya Keerthi, Yao Pan, Konstantin Salomatin, and Kinjal Basu. "Efficient Vertex-Oriented Polytopic Projection for Web-Scale Applications." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 4 (June 28, 2022): 3821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i4.20297.

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We consider applications involving a large set of instances of projecting points to polytopes. We develop an intuition guided by theoretical and empirical analysis to show that when these instances follow certain structures, a large majority of the projections lie on vertices of the polytopes. To do these projections efficiently we derive a vertex-oriented incremental algorithm to project a point onto any arbitrary polytope, as well as give specific algorithms to cater to simplex projection and polytopes where the unit box is cut by planes. Such settings are especially useful in web-scale applications such as optimal matching or allocation problems. Several such problems in internet marketplaces (e-commerce, ride-sharing, food delivery, professional services, advertising, etc.), can be formulated as Linear Programs (LP) with such polytope constraints that require a projection step in the overall optimization process. We show that in some of the very recent works, the polytopic projection is the most expensive step and our efficient projection algorithms help in gaining massive improvements in performance.

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Li, Dong, Danli Wang, and Dongdong Weng. "Non-planar projection performance evaluation and projector pose optimization." Journal of the Society for Information Display 26, no. 6 (May 4, 2018): 352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsid.633.

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Shi, Xudong, Feiqi Su, Jih-kwon Peir, Ye Xia, and Zhen Yang. "CMP cache performance projection." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 35, no. 1 (March 2007): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1241601.1241607.

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Bhatnagar, Saakaar. "Investigating the Surrogate Modeling Capabilities of Continuous Time Echo State Networks." Mathematical and Computational Applications 29, no. 1 (January 24, 2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca29010009.

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Continuous Time Echo State Networks (CTESNs) are a promising yet under-explored surrogate modeling technique for dynamical systems, particularly those governed by stiff Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). A key determinant of the generalization accuracy of a CTESN surrogate is the method of projecting the reservoir state to the output. This paper shows that of the two common projection methods (linear and nonlinear), the surrogates developed via the nonlinear projection consistently outperform those developed via the linear method. CTESN surrogates are developed for several challenging benchmark cases governed by stiff ODEs, and for each case, the performance of the linear and nonlinear projections is compared. The results of this paper demonstrate the applicability of CTESNs to a variety of problems while serving as a reference for important algorithmic and hyper-parameter choices for CTESNs.

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Özge Onur, Tuğba. "An application of filtered back projection method for computed tomography images." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 12, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2021.00231.

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AbstractMathematical methods take an important part in reconstruction technologies of radiographic image. Back projection, iterative, and analytical (Two-dimensional Fourier, Filtered Back Projection) methods are the most important procedures for image reconstruction. Whenever there exists numerous projections, analytical methods have a great performance in speed and accuracy and due to these advantages they are comprehensively used for X-ray imaging. One of the widespread used methods in tomographic image reconstruction is Filtered Back Projection (FBP) algorithm. This paper presents an application of this reconstruction algorithm for a generated image of the object. Shepp-Logan filter is used to form the filtered back projection image and performance improvement is investigated. The obtained images indicate that FBP algorithm can be substantial for various applications in the field of medicine and industry.

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Zheng, Wei, Bin Li, Shu Bo Ren, Jiang Chen, and Jian Jun Wu. "Interference Modeling and Analysis for Inclined Projective Multiple Beams of GEO Satellite Communication Systems." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 1204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1204.

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In multi-beam satellite systems, Inter-Beam Interference (IBI) has a great effect on system performance. Within range of satellite coverage area, inclined projective multiple beams give rise to elliptic beam projections, resulting in that the distribution of beam projections is different from traditional cellular distribution. In this paper, an Inclined Projection (IP) model is proposed for IBI in OFDMA based GEO satellite communication systems, and corresponding analysis is also included. A comparison of carrier to interference power ratio (C/I) of users at the center of each cell with and without the consideration of IP is made, based on the simulation using different Frequency Reuse (FR) factor. The corresponding conclusions are presented. This research can provide reference for later satellite beam planning.

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Wehner, Michael, David R. Easterling, Jay H. Lawrimore, Richard R. Heim, Russell S. Vose, and Benjamin D. Santer. "Projections of Future Drought in the Continental United States and Mexico." Journal of Hydrometeorology 12, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 1359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jhm1351.1.

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Abstract Using the Palmer drought severity index, the ability of 19 state-of-the-art climate models to reproduce observed statistics of drought over North America is examined. It is found that correction of substantial biases in the models’ surface air temperature and precipitation fields is necessary. However, even after a bias correction, there are significant differences in the models’ ability to reproduce observations. Using metrics based on the ability to reproduce observed temporal and spatial patterns of drought, the relationship between model performance in simulating present-day drought characteristics and their differences in projections of future drought changes is investigated. It is found that all models project increases in future drought frequency and severity. However, using the metrics presented here to increase confidence in the multimodel projection is complicated by a correlation between models’ drought metric skill and climate sensitivity. The effect of this sampling error can be removed by changing how the projection is presented, from a projection based on a specific time interval to a projection based on a specified temperature change. This modified class of projections has reduced intermodel uncertainty and could be suitable for a wide range of climate change impacts projections.

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Wang, Jiangang, Yuning Cui, Yawen Li, Wenqi Ren, and Xiaochun Cao. "Omnidirectional Image Super-resolution via Bi-projection Fusion." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 6 (March 24, 2024): 5454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i6.28354.

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With the rapid development of virtual reality, omnidirectional images (ODIs) have attracted much attention from both the industrial community and academia. However, due to storage and transmission limitations, the resolution of current ODIs is often insufficient to provide an immersive virtual reality experience. Previous approaches address this issue using conventional 2D super-resolution techniques on equirectangular projection without exploiting the unique geometric properties of ODIs. In particular, the equirectangular projection (ERP) provides a complete field-of-view but introduces significant distortion, while the cubemap projection (CMP) can reduce distortion yet has a limited field-of-view. In this paper, we present a novel Bi-Projection Omnidirectional Image Super-Resolution (BPOSR) network to take advantage of the geometric properties of the above two projections. Then, we design two tailored attention methods for these projections: Horizontal Striped Transformer Block (HSTB) for ERP and Perspective Shift Transformer Block (PSTB) for CMP. Furthermore, we propose a fusion module to make these projections complement each other. Extensive experiments demonstrate that BPOSR achieves state-of-the-art performance on omnidirectional image super-resolution. The code is available at https://github.com/W-JG/BPOSR.

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Gu, Jiaxin, Ce Li, Baochang Zhang, Jungong Han, Xianbin Cao, Jianzhuang Liu, and David Doermann. "Projection Convolutional Neural Networks for 1-bit CNNs via Discrete Back Propagation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018344.

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The advancement of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) has driven significant improvement in the accuracy of recognition systems for many computer vision tasks. However, their practical applications are often restricted in resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we introduce projection convolutional neural networks (PCNNs) with a discrete back propagation via projection (DBPP) to improve the performance of binarized neural networks (BNNs). The contributions of our paper include: 1) for the first time, the projection function is exploited to efficiently solve the discrete back propagation problem, which leads to a new highly compressed CNNs (termed PCNNs); 2) by exploiting multiple projections, we learn a set of diverse quantized kernels that compress the full-precision kernels in a more efficient way than those proposed previously; 3) PCNNs achieve the best classification performance compared to other state-ofthe-art BNNs on the ImageNet and CIFAR datasets.

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Moreira de Sousa, Luís, Laura Poggio, and Bas Kempen. "Comparison of FOSS4G Supported Equal-Area Projections Using Discrete Distortion Indicatrices." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8080351.

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This study compares the performance of five popular equal-area projections supported by Free and Open Source Software for Geo-spatial (FOSS4G)—Sinusoidal, Mollweide, Hammer, Eckert IV and Homolosine. A set of 21,872 discrete distortion vindicatrices were positioned on the ellipsoid surface, centred on the cells of a Snyder icosahedral equal-area grid. These indicatrices were projected on the plane and the resulting angular and distance distortions computed, all using FOSS4G. The Homolosine is the only projection that manages to minimise angular and distance distortions simultaneously. It yields the lowest distortions among this set of projections and clearly outclasses when only land masses are considered. These results also indicate the Sinusoidal and Hammer projections to be largely outdated, imposing too large distortions to be useful. In contrast, the Mollweide and Eckert IV projections present trade-offs between visual expression and accuracy that are worth considering. However, for the purposes of storing and analysing big spatial data with FOSS4G the superior performance of the Homolosine projection makes its choice difficult to avoid.

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Casas, Gianmarco Goycochea, Leonardo Pereira Fardin, Simone Silva, Ricardo Rodrigues de Oliveira Neto, Daniel Henrique Breda Binoti, Rodrigo Vieira Leite, Carlos Alberto Ramos Domiciano, et al. "Improving Yield Projections from Early Ages in Eucalypt Plantations with the Clutter Model and Artificial Neural Networks." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (March 11, 2022): 1257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.2.22.

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A common issue in forest management is related to yield projection for stands at young ages. This study aimed to evaluate the Clutter model and artificial neural networks for projecting eucalypt stands production from early ages, using different data arrangements. In order to do this, the changes in the number of measurement intervals used as input in the Clutter model and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are tested. The Clutter model was fitted considering two sets of data: usual, with inventory measurements (I) paired at intervals each year (I1–I2, I2–I3, …, In–In+1); and modified, with measurements paired at all possible age intervals (I1–I2, I1–I3, …, I2–I3, I2–I4, …, In–In+1). The ANN was trained with the modified dataset plus soil type and geographic coordinates as input variables. The yield projections were made up to the final ages of 6 and 7 years from all possible initial ages (2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 years). The methods are evaluated using the relative error (RE%), bias, correlation coefficient (ryŷ), and relative root mean square error (RMSE%). The ANN was accurate in all cases, with RMSE% from 8.07 to 14.29%, while the Clutter model with the modified dataset had values from 7.95 to 23.61%. Furthermore, with ANN, the errors were evenly distributed over the initial projection ages. This study found that ANN had the best performance for stand volume projection surpassing the Clutter model regardless of the initial or final age of projection.

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PARK, CHEONG HEE. "IMPROVED ALGORITHMS FOR UNSUPERVISED DISCRIMINANT PROJECTION." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 02 (March 2010): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001410007920.

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Dimension reduction has been applied in various areas of pattern recognition and data mining. While a traditional dimension reduction method, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) finds projective directions to maximize the global scatter in data, Locality Preserving Projection (LPP) pursues linear dimension reduction to minimize the local scatter. However, the discriminative power by either global or local scatter optimization is not guaranteed to be effective for classification. A recently proposed method, Unsupervised Discriminant Projection (UDP) aims to minimize the local scatter among near points and maximize the global scatter of distant points at the same time. Although its performance has been proven to be comparable to other dimension reduction methods, PCA preprocessing step due to the singularity of global and local scatter matrices may degrade the performance of UDP. In this paper, we propose several algorithms to improve the performances of UDP greatly. An improved algorithm for UDP is presented which applies the Generalized Singular Value Decomposition (GSVD) to overcome singularities of scatter matrices in UDP. Two-dimensional UDP and nonlinear extension of UDP are also proposed. Extensive experimental results demonstrate superiority of the proposed algorithms.

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Kurosawa, Minoru, and Takashi Shigematsu. "Friction Drive Simulation of a SAW Motor with Slider Surface Texture Variation." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.366.

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Potential of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) linear motor had been demonstrated; high speed up to 1.5 m/s, huge output force more than 10 N, quick response and fine stepping motion down to 0.5 nm by using a 60 x 15 x 1 mm3 SAW device at 10 MHz operation frequency and 4x4 mm Si slider by experiments. Mechanical output of the SAW motor was 270 times larger that of the weight and 500 W/kg in power. The conversion efficiency from the traveling wave power to the motor mechanical output was 14 %. Now, transformation mechanism research from high frequency vibration of 10 to 100 MHz frequency range to mechanical linear motion through frictional drive is noteworthy. Contact, friction and other physical matters between a stator and slider are being studied for stable operation and much superior performance. The slider friction surface has a lot of projections to control the contact with the stator. From the experimental results, it was shown that the slider surface projection diameter has huge influence on the motor characteristics. If the total projection contacting surface areas were same, the output force, for example, varied with the projection diameter; smaller projection, for example 20 μm diameter, had superior performance than larger one. In this paper, numerical simulation of SAW motor friction drive was successfully carried out taking account the wave amplitude attenuation in propagation beneath slider projections.

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Singh, Chamjeet, Jagdeep Singh, Sandeep Singh, and Vikas Kumar. "Performance of Inclined Skirt Footing: Numerical Analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012076.

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Abstract The skirt footings are considered as alternate to enhance the bearing capacity of shallow foundation on sandy soil as an alternate of deep foundation. The experimental data of paper titled “Performance of skirt strip footing subjected to eccentric inclined load was consider as base for validation and other parameters of material for numerical investigation for different conditions. Numerical analysis was conducted to determine the behavior of two-sided skirt footing on eccentric loading with different angle and projections provided to skirt. The study reveals good impact of skirt angle and skirt projection lengths on load capacity of footing system

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Oyama, Kei, Yukiko Hori, Yuji Nagai, Naohisa Miyakawa, Koki Mimura, Toshiyuki Hirabayashi, Ken-ichi Inoue, et al. "Chemogenetic dissection of the primate prefronto-subcortical pathways for working memory and decision-making." Science Advances 7, no. 26 (June 2021): eabg4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg4246.

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The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) is situated at the core of higher brain functions via neural circuits such as those linking the caudate nucleus and mediodorsal thalamus. However, the distinctive roles of these prefronto-subcortical pathways remain elusive. Combining in vivo neuronal projection mapping with chemogenetic synaptic silencing, we reversibly dissected key pathways from dorsolateral part of the PFC (dlPFC) to the dorsal caudate (dCD) and lateral mediodorsal thalamus (MDl) individually in single monkeys. We found that silencing the bilateral dlPFC-MDl projections, but not the dlPFC-dCD projections, impaired performance in a spatial working memory task. Conversely, silencing the unilateral dlPFC-dCD projection, but not the unilateral dlPFC-MDl projection, altered preference in a decision-making task. These results revealed dissociable roles of the prefronto-subcortical pathways in working memory and decision-making, representing the technical advantage of imaging-guided pathway-selective chemogenetic manipulation for dissecting neural circuits underlying cognitive functions in primates.

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YE, Tian-yu, Xin-xin NIU, Zhao-feng MA, and Yi-xian YANG. "Performance analysis of sign quantized projection." Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 17, no. 1 (February 2010): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(09)60425-8.

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Luan, Guang Yu, Xue Dong Zhu, Ai Chuan Li, Zhen Su Lv, and Ren Sheng Che. "Frame Reconstruction with Missing Data from Multiple Images." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 1158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.1158.

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To solve the missing data problem that is caused by reasons, such as occlusion, frame reconstruction by a two-level strategy in multiple images was considered. The method first performed a projective reconstruction combining singular value decomposition (SVD) and subspace method with missing data, which estimated projective shape, projection matrices, projective depths and missing data iteratively. Then it converted the projective solution to a Euclidean one with the unknown focal length and the constant principal point by enforcing constraints. Using the constraints and the fact that scale measurement matrix can recover numberless projection matrices and point matrices, the set equations of the transformation matrix from the projective reconstruction to Euclidean reconstruction were obtained. Experimental results using real images are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.

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Park, Yongsung, and Peter Gerstoft. "Alternating projections-based gridless compressive beamforming with co-prime arrays." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015834.

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Direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) estimation, beamforming, retrieves the angles of several sources from the outputs of receiving a sensor array. Compressive beamforming is a sparse signal recovery approach and has shown superior performance on DOA estimation. To overcome the angular searching grid issue, gridless techniques have been proposed. Most methods require a uniform linear array and use standard convex solvers that are computationally expensive. We propose a gridless compressive beamformer based on alternating projections. This method estimates DOAs by projecting a solution matrix alternatively. One projection works for measured-data-fitting, and the other works for having sparse DOAs. Our approach improves speed and accuracy and deals with arbitrary-shaped linear arrays. We validate the method using experimental data and test the DOA performance for a single snapshot, multiple snapshots with coherent arrivals, and co-prime arrays, a well-known non-uniform array.

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Guo, Xiaomin. "Should Investors Trust Equity Analysts?" International Journal of Business Analytics 2, no. 2 (April 2015): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijban.2015040104.

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This paper studies the holistic issue of the combination of analyst projection accuracy, diversity, and distribution. It first tracks the earnings per share and sales projections of a number of equity analysts for 17 representative U.S. companies using data from 1978 to 2012. It also compares the analysts' consensus of earnings per share, sales, rating, and price target zone to identify the degree of concentration among the opinions. It finds that the magnitudes and coefficient variations of projection errors are small, and the analysts' opinions are insignificantly diversified. Analysts' projections are not significantly skewed, but pessimistic opinions dominate. The results suggest that the projections issued by equity analysts are generally precise, and following their opinions is technically feasible. Analysts' mistakes are more due to inappropriate investment timing and less due to their abilities to pick firms with robust future performance.

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Jia, Shuhan, Yu Li, Quanhua Zhao, and Changqiang Wang. "TRP-Oriented Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Classification Using Entropy-Weighted Ensemble Algorithm." Remote Sensing 15, no. 9 (April 27, 2023): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092315.

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The problem that the randomly generated random projection matrix will lead to unstable classification results is addressed in this paper. To this end, a Tighter Random Projection-oriented entropy-weighted ensemble algorithm is proposed for classifying hyperspectral remote sensing images. In particular, this paper presents a random projection matrix selection strategy based on the separable information of a single class able to project the features of a certain class of objects. The projection result is measured by the degree of separability, thereby obtaining the low-dimensional image with optimal separability of the class. After projecting samples with the same random projection matrix, to calculate the distance matrix, the Minimum Distance classifier is devised, repeating for all classes. Finally, the weight of the distance matrix is considered in ensemble classification by using the information entropy. The proposed algorithm is tested on real hyperspectral remote sensing images. The experiments show an increase in both stability and performance.

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Bharathi, V., K. Bala Krishna, and N. Srinivas. "Detecting Bugs in Software using Supervised Machine Learning Approaches." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 4602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54487.

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Abstract: Software Flaw Projection (SFP) is an important issue in software development and maintenance process. Software flaws can cause significant problems for software development teams. So, projecting the software faults in earlier phase improves the software quality, reliability, efficiency and reduces the software cost. However, developing robust flaw projection model is a challenging task and many techniques have been proposed. Projecting the likelihood of flaws occurring in software can help developers prevent or mitigate their impact. This paper presents a software flaw projection model based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Supervised ML algorithms have been used to predict future software faults based on historical data. The evaluation process proved that ML algorithms can be used effectively with high accuracy rate. Furthermore, a comparison measure is applied to compare the proposed prediction model with other approaches. The collected results showed that the ML approach has a better performance

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Diao, Chen, Ai-Hua Zhang, and Bin Wang. "Spectral Clustering with Local Projection Distance Measurement." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/829514.

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Constructing a rational affinity matrix is crucial for spectral clustering. In this paper, a novel spectral clustering via local projection distance measure (LPDM) is proposed. In this method, the Local-Projection-Neighborhood (LPN) is defined, which is a region between a pair of data, and other data in the LPN are projected onto the straight line among the data pairs. Utilizing the Euclidean distance between projective points, the local spatial structure of data can be well detected to measure the similarity of objects. Then the affinity matrix can be obtained by using a new similarity measurement, which can squeeze or widen the projective distance with the different spatial structure of data. Experimental results show that the LPDM algorithm can obtain desirable results with high performance on synthetic datasets, real-world datasets, and images.

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Lukačević, Fanika, Niccolò Becattini, and Stanko Škec. "Engineering designers’ CAD performance when modelling from isometric and orthographic projections." Proceedings of the Design Society 4 (May 2024): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2024.68.

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AbstractThe presented study investigates differences in engineering designers' CAD performance when modelling from two types of projections in technical drawings – isometric and orthographic. The results revealed significant differences in the percentage of correctly replicated components' size and shape, indicating better CAD outcomes when generating CAD models from the orthographic projection. In addition, a comparison of duration, as well as the number and type of sketch entities, sketch relations, and CAD features, showed that CAD modelling processes were similar in both conditions.

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Poerio, Dominic V., and Steven D. Brown. "Dual-Domain Calibration Transfer Using Orthogonal Projection." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 3 (August 8, 2017): 378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817724164.

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We report the use of dual-domain regression models, which were built utilizing a wavelet prism decomposition and paired with transfer by orthogonal projection, for the calibration transfer of near-infrared (NIR) spectra. The new method is based on obtaining specific frequency components for a spectrum via wavelet analysis, projecting the frequency components of the primary instrument onto the subspace orthogonal to the mean instrumental difference between spectra from the primary and the secondary instrument, and weighting each frequency component model according to the cross-validation error of the frequency components of the projected primary instrument’s spectra to generate a stacked ensemble model robust to contributions to the spectra from instrumental variations. The method, which does not require property values from the secondary data set, is tested on three NIR data sets, and is compared with orthogonal projection in the wavelength domain, orthogonal signal correction, and with model updating approaches. For the data sets we examined, we show that the prediction performance of the new method is competitive with orthogonal projections in the wavelength domain, as well as orthogonal signal correction and model updating approaches, both of which require property values for spectra from the secondary instrument. Examination of the spectral data reconstructed from the projected frequency components indicates that aspects of the data that may be attributable to instrumental or physical phenomena (i.e., instrumental baseline shifts or discretized intensity changes which may be attributed to scatter) are suppressed, but those associated with the chemical phenomena are retained. The benefits of orthogonal projection on each individual frequency component are further corroborated by the fact that the models based on frequency component projection generalize better to unseen instruments compared with the other methods.

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Dumic, Emil, Anamaria Bjelopera, and Andreas Nüchter. "Dynamic Point Cloud Compression Based on Projections, Surface Reconstruction and Video Compression." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010197.

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In this paper we will present a new dynamic point cloud compression based on different projection types and bit depth, combined with the surface reconstruction algorithm and video compression for obtained geometry and texture maps. Texture maps have been compressed after creating Voronoi diagrams. Used video compression is specific for geometry (FFV1) and texture (H.265/HEVC). Decompressed point clouds are reconstructed using a Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm. Comparison with the original point clouds was performed using point-to-point and point-to-plane measures. Comprehensive experiments show better performance for some projection maps: cylindrical, Miller and Mercator projections.

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Liu, Yong Shan, and Wei Jie Gu. "Research on Combinational Reasoning of Directional Relations Based on Double Projections Model in Three-Dimensional Space." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.61.

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The xoy and xoz planes are divided into nine areas in three-dimensional space respectively by the MBR (Minimum Bounding Rectangle), which are produced by the reference objects’ projection to their planes. The intersecting situations between the projection of target objects and the two of reference objects are expressed by two 3×3 matrices. Then, a directional relations matrix model based on double projections is put forward. A combinational reasoning method is proposed by using the computational performance of matrices based on this model. Moreover, a combinational reasoning experiment is given and the result matches the reality.

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Abid Noor, Ali O. "Affine Projection Algorithm for Speech Enhancement using Controlled Projection Order." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 32, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2020-32(4)-23.

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This research presents a development of the affine projection algorithm (APA) in voice communication applications. A method of controlling the parameters of the APA is devised to improve the performance in cancelling various types of ambient noise that could possibly corrupt speech signals in voice communication systems. Indicators are used to identify the type of noise accompanying the target signal. Then the corrupted signal is processed in a noise a cancellation setup in such a way that three parameters of algorithm are changed according to the nature of the noise. The spreading of elements in the covariance matrix of the noise is used as an indicator for the type of noise so that the projection order, step-size and filter length are changed at the same time. This way the performance of the canceller is improved rendering lower estimation error with a moderate computational power. The method was tested under various types of noise and showed better convergence performance than the original APA as well as other commonly used algorithms in noise cancellation systems. The MSE of the proposed VPAPA method drops to -65 dB in steady state compared to -20 dB using NLMS and just below -30 dB using standard APA with projection order of 8, while the powerful RLS reaches around -60dB under the same environment. The method can be useful for clearer voice communication in variable environmental noise.

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Kononov, Y., and D. Kononov. "Dependence of the Possible and Allowable Projection Error on the Projection Time Frame." Energy Systems Research, no. 1(13) (May 28, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2021.01.0001.

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This study addresses the issues of assessing and factoring in the effect of uncertainty growth on the possible performance of projections and their allowable errors. Relying on projects of nuclear power plants and combined cycle power plants as a case study, we assess the dependence of their economic performance indicators on possible changes in the conditions of their future operation in a given year. To assess the effect of the range and nature of input data uncertainty on the projections of the development of regional energy supply systems, we proposed a methodological toolkit that combines optimization with the Monte Carlo simulation. Its application to one of the options for commissioning new power plants in European Russia enabled us to estimate the possible response of the average and marginal cost of electricity in this aggregated region to the broadening of the uncertainty range of the gas price. We note that the assessment and comparison of the possible error of projected indicators with the requirements for their accuracy in making priority investment and other decisions facilitate the justification of the acceptable complexity of employed models and projection methods.

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Benjamin, Prince Abraham, and Nithin Mohan Mohana Anitha. "Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement using Novel Twisted Tape-A Numerical Investigation." International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 30, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijies.f4212.0710723.

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Convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics have been investigated numerically in a tube fitted with a twisted tape and a modified twisted tape. A novel geometry of the tape with lateral projection and without lateral projection is introduced for comparison. The results obtained from ordinary twisted tape are compared with those of the Modified twisted tape with lateral projection and modified twisted tape without lateral projection. The experiments reveal that the pressure drop is lower in the modified twisted tape without lateral projection than in the modified twisted tape with lateral projection. However, the Nusselt number in the modified twisted tape without lateral projection is slightly lesser than in the base case with ordinary twisted tape. The Nusselt number in the modified twisted tape with lateral projection is higher than the ordinary twisted tape because the lateral projection diverts the fluid towards the boundaries, and the thermal performance factor is increased. Thus, the Modified twisted tape without lateral projection increases the thermal performance factor to 1.0065 by decreasing the pressure drop, and the modified twisted tape with lateral projection increases the thermal performance factor to 1.1584 by increasing the Nusselt number.

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Walley, Jonathan. "Materiality and Meaning in Recent Projection Performance." Velvet Light Trap 70 (September 2012): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/vlt7003.

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Shirahashi, A., H. Aihara, R. Itoh, T. Kamae, N. Kusuki, M. Tanaka, A. Fujii, et al. "Performance of the TOPAZ time projection chamber." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 35, no. 1 (February 1988): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.12755.

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Walley, Jonathan. "Materiality and Meaning in Recent Projection Performance." Velvet Light Trap 70, no. 1 (2012): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vlt.2012.0017.

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Dong Li, Gang Yang, and D. L. Schilling. "Error rate performance of the projection code." IEEE Transactions on Communications 44, no. 4 (April 1996): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.489083.

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Lippmann, Christian. "Performance of the ALICE Time Projection Chamber." Physics Procedia 37 (2012): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.02.390.

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Atwood, W. B., T. Barczewski, L. A. T. Bauerdick, L. Bellantoni, E. Blucher, W. Blum, J. Boudreau, et al. "Performance of the ALEPH Time Projection Chamber." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 306, no. 3 (September 1991): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)90038-r.

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Jurik, A. G., L. C. Jensen, and J. Hansen. "Total Effective Radiation Dose from Spiral CT and Conventional Radiography of the Pelvis with Regard to Fracture Classification." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 3P2 (May 1996): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960373p246.

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Purpose: In most departments CT has replaced special radiographic projections with regard to classification of pelvic fractures. This change of procedure calls for analysis in terms of dosimetry. Methods: The total effective radiation doses given with spiral CT and conventional 5 projection radiography were determined according to ICRP 60 by measuring organ doses with an anthropomorphic Rando Alderson phantom packed with thermoluminescence dosimeters. For comparison, easily obtainable calculated effective doses were also determined, based on the CT dose index (CTDI), measured free-in-air and as entrance surface dose using organ conversion factors according to NRPB-R250 and NRPB-R262. Results: The total effective radiation dose was lower in spiral CT than in conventional 5 projection radiography, 4.4 and 5.0 mSv, respectively. In spiral CT the calculated effective dose was 11% lower and in conventional radiography 68% higher than the dose obtained by actual measurement using the Alderson phantom. Conclusion: As CT gives important diagnostic information with regard to classification of pelvic fractures, and without a greater radiation risk than impacted by 5 projection conventional radiography, we recommend the performance of spiral CT instead of special projections.

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Teeter, Lawrence, and Xiaoping Zhou. "Projecting Timber Inventory at the Product Level." Forest Science 45, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/45.2.226.

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Abstract Current timber inventory projections generally lack information on inventory by product classes. Most models available for inventory projection and linked to supply analyses are limited to projecting aggregate softwood and hardwood. The research presented describes a methodology for distributing the volume on each FIA (USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis) survey plot to product classes given a type characterization, volume, and average dbh (diameter at breast height, 1.37 m above average ground level) for the plot. A multinomial logit model was developed to estimate sets of product proportion functions to distribute plot volumes by product class for each forest type and size class. A discussion of the performance of the model using Alabama and Mississippi FIA plot level data is provided. For. Sci. 45(1):226-231.

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Dugalić, Sretenka. "Social investment image projection." Sport — nauka i praksa = Sport — Science And Practice 9, no. 2 (2019): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/snp1901059d.

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The achievement of a sports result requires infrastructure and capital to build, as well as maintenance. The sporting event and performance grow into the image (enriched sports product) when the capacity of the venues provide economically sustainable concept. The survey shows that: 1 / visitors’ perception and the tradition affect attendance; 2 / marketing–management is projecting such sports-service processes that attract audiences, sponsors and the media, and through its image become attractive to the venue staff, and the society as a whole. The aim is to highlight the importance of valorisation of infrastructure in which valuable sporting results are achieved, and justify their mission too. Key projecting points are: 1 / commercialization of sports facilities due to new socio-economic impacts; 2 / keeping abreast of global trends in the venues’ construction and operation by introducing best practices; 3 / the physical elements as determinants of the image (design, etc.); 4 / the image significance for financing and business; 5 / projection strategies for facilities’ design. Projection and maintenance of the attractive image affects the audience's response, increasing the revenue needed for its functioning and modernization through the naming rights, ultimately ensuring continuity of attendance. The image of a social investment determines its further exploitation, so it is projected with special attention.

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Siswoyo, Agus. "Developing A Robot to Improve The Accuracy of Ring Retrieval and Throwing at The ABU Robocon Indonesia Robot Competition." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2023): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijasst.v5i2.6989.

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This article outlines the creation and application of a technologically improved robot designed to amplify the precision and effectiveness of ring retrieval and projection tasks in the ABU Robocon Indonesia Robot Challenge. The ABU Robocon competition is an annual event that tasks teams with crafting robots capable of accomplishing specific assignments under a predetermined time limit. The ring retrieval and projection task, historically known for its precision requirements, has proven to be quite demanding. Our strategy entailed the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies into the robot's design, encompassing computer vision and machine learning algorithms, to augment its accuracy and performance. We equipped the robot with cameras and sensors for the detection and analysis of ring positions and orientations. Real-time decisions regarding the optimal approach for retrieving and accurately projecting the rings were made using machine learning models that had undergone training. The outcomes of our experiments reveal a marked enhancement in the robot's performance when compared to conventional methods. The tech-enhanced robot consistently exhibited a heightened success rate when performing ring retrieval and projection tasks. This development not only boosts the competitiveness of our robot in the ABU Robocon competition but also underscores the potential of advanced technologies in enhancing the performance of robotics systems when confronted with intricate tasks.

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Benk, Stefan. "SAB-RoundView-Problematik der stereoskopischen Zylinderprojektion." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 15, no. 3 (2002): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0203333b.

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Stereoscopic projections and 360?-cylinderprojections axe known and nothing special. But both together in one installation is new and will cause some physical problems. But in relation with the capability of the human eyes these problems can be solved. In this paper a new way of projection will be shown that also can reduce the performance request on a virtual reality System.

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Li, Jackie, Maggie Lee, and Simon Guthrie. "A DOUBLE COMMON FACTOR MODEL FOR MORTALITY PROJECTION USING BEST-PERFORMANCE MORTALITY RATES AS REFERENCE." ASTIN Bulletin 51, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 349–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2020.44.

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AbstractWe construct a double common factor model for projecting the mortality of a population using as a reference the minimum death rate at each age among a large number of countries. In particular, the female and male minimum death rates, described as best-performance or best-practice rates, are first modelled by a common factor model structure with both common and sex-specific parameters. The differences between the death rates of the population under study and the best-performance rates are then modelled by another common factor model structure. An important result of using our proposed model is that the projected death rates of the population being considered are coherent with the projected best-performance rates in the long term, the latter of which serves as a very useful reference for the projection based on the collective experience of multiple countries. Our out-of-sample analysis shows that the new model has potential to outperform some conventional approaches in mortality projection.

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Wijesekara, Patikiri Arachchige Don Shehan Nilmantha, and Yu-Kai Wang. "A Mathematical Epidemiological Model (SEQIJRDS) to Recommend Public Health Interventions Related to COVID-19 in Sri Lanka." COVID 2, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 793–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid2060059.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been causing negative impacts on various sectors in Sri Lanka, as a result of the public health interventions that the government had to implement in order to reduce the spread of the disease. Equivalent work carried out in this context is outdated and close to ideal models. This paper presents a mathematical epidemiological model, called SEQIJRDS, having additional compartments for quarantine and infected people divided into two compartments as diagnosed and non diagnosed, compared to the SEIR model. We have presented the rate equations for the model and the basic reproduction number is derived. This model considers the effect of vaccination, the viral load of the variants, mask use, mobility, contact tracing and quarantine, natural immunity development of the infected people, and immunity waning of the recovered group as key developments of the model. The model has been validated for the COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka by parameter derivation using mathematical formulations with the help of the existing data, the literature, and by model fitting for historical data. We present a comparison of the model projections for hospitalized infected people, the cumulative death count, and the daily death count against the ground truth values and projections of the SEIR and SIR models during the model validation. The validation results show that the proposed SEQIJRDS model’s 12-week projection performance is significantly better than both the SEIR and SIR models; the 2-, 6-, 8-, and 10-week projection performance is always better, and the 4-week projection performance is only slightly inferior to other models. Using the proposed SEQIJRDS model, we project mortality under different lockdown procedures, vaccination procedures, quarantine practices, and different mask-use cases. We further project hospital resource usage to understand the best intervention that does not exhaust hospital resources. At the end, based on an understanding of the effect of individual interventions, this work recommends combined public health interventions based on the projections of the proposed model. Specifically, three recommendations—called minimum, sub-optimum, and optimum recommendations—are provided for public health interventions.

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Sánchez-Monedero, J., Pedro A. Gutiérrez, Peter Tiňo, and C. Hervás-Martínez. "Exploitation of Pairwise Class Distances for Ordinal Classification." Neural Computation 25, no. 9 (September 2013): 2450–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00478.

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Ordinal classification refers to classification problems in which the classes have a natural order imposed on them because of the nature of the concept studied. Some ordinal classification approaches perform a projection from the input space to one-dimensional (latent) space that is partitioned into a sequence of intervals (one for each class). Class identity of a novel input pattern is then decided based on the interval its projection falls into. This projection is trained only indirectly as part of the overall model fitting. As with any other latent model fitting, direct construction hints one may have about the desired form of the latent model can prove very useful for obtaining high-quality models. The key idea of this letter is to construct such a projection model directly, using insights about the class distribution obtained from pairwise distance calculations. The proposed approach is extensively evaluated with 8 nominal and ordinal classifiers methods, 10 real-world ordinal classification data sets, and 4 different performance measures. The new methodology obtained the best results in average ranking when considering three of the performance metrics, although significant differences are found for only some of the methods. Also, after observing other methods of internal behavior in the latent space, we conclude that the internal projections do not fully reflect the intraclass behavior of the patterns. Our method is intrinsically simple, intuitive, and easily understandable, yet highly competitive with state-of-the-art approaches to ordinal classification.

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Bruno, Roberto, Piero Bevilacqua, Cristina Carpino, and Natale Arcuri. "The Cost-Optimal Analysis of a Multistory Building in the Mediterranean Area: Financial and Macroeconomic Projections." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 7, 2020): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051243.

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Cost-optimal analysis was pointed out in the 2010/31 European Directive as a tool to evaluate the achievable building energy performance levels as a function of the corresponding costs. These analyses can be carried out by a financial projection for private investors and a macroeconomic approach to establish the minimal energy performance levels. Consequently, the financial projection provides different results that could stimulate private investors toward other cost-optimal solutions that do not match the minimal energy performance levels. For this purpose, both the projections were analyzed in the BEopt environment, developed by NREL, on a multistory building located in two contrasting climatic zones of the Mediterranean area, one cold and the other warm, highlighting the differences. The cost-optimal solutions were identified by a parametric study involving measures that affect thermal losses and solar gains, whereas the air-conditioning plant was left unchanged in order to include a fraction of renewable energy in the coverage of the building demands. Results showed that both the projections produced the same cost-optimal solutions, however, the latter matches the building designed to fulfill the minimal energy performance levels only in the cold climate. Conversely, noticeable deviations were detected in the warm location, therefore minimal energy performance levels should be revised, with preference for less insulated opaque surfaces and better performing glazing systems. Moreover, the macroeconomic scenario returns a more limited distance between the minimal energy performance levels and the cost-optimal solutions, therefore, it is far from the real economic frame sustained by private investors.

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Wen, Cheng, Zhengda Chen, Zhuoxi Chen, Bin Zhang, Zhicheng Cheng, Hao Yi, Guiyun Jiang, and Jigang Huang. "Improvement of the Geometric Accuracy for Microstructures by Projection Stereolithography Additive Manufacturing." Crystals 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060819.

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Projection stereolithography creates 3D structures by projecting patterns onto the surface of a photosensitive material layer by layer. Benefiting from high efficiency and resolution, projection stereolithography 3D printing has been widely used to fabricate microstructures. To improve the geometric accuracy of projection stereolithography 3D printing for microstructures, a compensation method based on structure optimization is proposed according to mathematical analysis and simulation tests. The performance of the proposed compensation method is verified both by the simulation and the 3D printing experiments. The results indicate that the proposed compensation method is able to significantly improve the shape accuracy and reduce the error of the feature size. The proposed compensation method is also proved to improve the dimension accuracy by 21.7%, 16.5% and 19.6% for the circular, square and triangular bosses respectively. While the improvements on the dimension accuracy by 16%, 17.6% and 13.8% for the circular, square and triangular holes are achieved with the proposed compensation method. This work is expected to provide a method to improve the geometric accuracy for 3D printing microstructures by projection stereolithography.

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Wang, Hongni, Na Li, Yanqiu Zhou, Jingxin Yan, Bei Jiang, Linglong Kong, and Xiaodong Yan. "Fast Fusion Clustering via Double Random Projection." Entropy 26, no. 5 (April 28, 2024): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26050376.

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In unsupervised learning, clustering is a common starting point for data processing. The convex or concave fusion clustering method is a novel approach that is more stable and accurate than traditional methods such as k-means and hierarchical clustering. However, the optimization algorithm used with this method can be slowed down significantly by the complexity of the fusion penalty, which increases the computational burden. This paper introduces a random projection ADMM algorithm based on the Bernoulli distribution and develops a double random projection ADMM method for high-dimensional fusion clustering. These new approaches significantly outperform the classical ADMM algorithm due to their ability to significantly increase computational speed by reducing complexity and improving clustering accuracy by using multiple random projections under a new evaluation criterion. We also demonstrate the convergence of our new algorithm and test its performance on both simulated and real data examples.

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Russell, Matthew B., Aaron R. Weiskittel, and John A. Kershaw. "Assessing model performance in forecasting long-term individual tree diameter versus basal area increment for the primary Acadian tree species." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 12 (December 2011): 2267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-139.

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Tree basal area (ba) or diameter at breast height (dbh) are universally used to represent tree secondary growth in individual tree based growth models. However, the long-term implications of using either ba or dbh for predictions are rarely fully assessed. In this analysis, Δba and Δdbh increment equations were fit to identical datasets gathered from six conifer and four hardwood species grown in central Maine. The performance of Δba and Δdbh predictions from nonlinear mixed-effects models were then compared with observed growth measurements of up to 29 years via a Monte Carlo simulation. Two evaluation statistics indicated substantial improvement in forecasting dbh using Δdbh rather than Δba. Root mean squared error (RMSE) and percentage mean absolute deviation (MAD%) were reduced by 14% and 15% on average, respectively, across all projection length intervals (5–29 years) when Δdbh was used over Δba. Differences were especially noted as projection lengths increased. RMSE and MAD% were reduced by 24% when Δdbh was employed over Δba at longer projection lengths (up to 29 years). Simulations found that simulating random effects rather than using local estimates for random effects performed as well or better at longer interval lengths. These results highlight the implications that selecting a growth model dependent variable can have and the importance of incorporating model uncertainty into the growth projections of individual tree based models.

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Yang, Ming Hua, Guo Gang Wang, Ling Zhang, Xiao Ping Han, and Tao Liang. "Performance Evaluation Based Aviation Anti-Submarine Aircraft Projection Analysis Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 551 (May 2014): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.551.594.

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Projection pursuit method will affect key performance indicators aviation anti-submarine aircraft into a one-dimensional projection value, given the quality of the evaluation of the various anti-submarine aircraft sample sorting, and has been the main performance index weighting, the method objectivity, For scientific evaluation of anti-submarine aircraft performance is important.

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Osborn, Timothy J., Craig J. Wallace, Jason A. Lowe, and Dan Bernie. "Performance of Pattern-Scaled Climate Projections under High-End Warming. Part I: Surface Air Temperature over Land." Journal of Climate 31, no. 14 (July 2018): 5667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0780.1.

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Pattern scaling is widely used to create climate change projections to investigate future impacts. We consider the performance of pattern scaling for emulating the HadGEM2-ES general circulation model (GCM) paying particular attention to “high end” warming scenarios and to different choices of GCM simulations used to diagnose the climate change patterns. We demonstrate that evaluating pattern-scaling projections by comparing them with GCM simulations containing unforced variability gives a significantly less favorable view of the actual performance of pattern scaling. Using a four-member initial-condition ensemble of HadGEM2-ES simulations, we infer that the root-mean-square errors of pattern-scaled monthly temperature changes over land are less than 0.25°C for global warming up to approximately 3.5°C. Some regional errors are larger than this and, for this GCM, there is a tendency for pattern scaling to underestimate warming over land. For warming above 3.5°C, the pattern-scaled projection errors grow but remain small relative to the climate change signal. We investigate whether patterns diagnosed by pooling GCM experiments from several scenarios are suitable for emulating the GCM under a high-end warming scenario. For global warming up to 3.5°C, pattern scaling using this pooled pattern closely emulates GCM simulations. For warming beyond 3.5°C, pattern-scaling performance is notably improved by using patterns diagnosed only from the high-forcing representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. Assessments of climate change impacts under high-end warming using pattern-scaling projections could be improved by using change patterns diagnosed from pooled scenarios for projections up to 3.5°C above preindustrial levels and patterns diagnosed from only strong forcing simulations for projecting beyond that. Similar findings are obtained for five other GCMs.

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Gao, Yuan, Yuyun Zhao, Le Xie, and Guoyan Zheng. "A Projector-Based Augmented Reality Navigation System for Computer-Assisted Surgery." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 2931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092931.

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In the medical field, guidance to follow the surgical plan is crucial. Image overlay projection is a solution to link the surgical plan with the patient. It realizes augmented reality (AR) by projecting computer-generated image on the surface of the target through a projector, which can visualize additional information to the scene. By overlaying anatomical information or surgical plans on the surgery area, projection helps to enhance the surgeon’s understanding of the anatomical structure, and intuitively visualizes the surgical target and key structures of the operation, and avoid the surgeon’s sight diversion between monitor and patient. However, it still remains a challenge to project the surgical navigation information on the target precisely and efficiently. In this study, we propose a projector-based surgical navigation system. Through the gray code-based calibration method, the projector can be calibrated with a camera and then be integrated with an optical spatial locator, so that the navigation information of the operation can be accurately projected onto the target area. We validated the projection accuracy of the system through back projection, with average projection error of 3.37 pixels in x direction and 1.51 pixels in y direction, and model projection with an average position error of 1.03 ± 0.43 mm, and carried out puncture experiments using the system with correct rate of 99%, and qualitatively analyzed the system’s performance through the questionnaire. The results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed AR system.

Journal articles on the topic 'Performance projection'

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