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Thirupathi, L. "DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVOLUTION OF POWERS AT THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL DEMOCRACY: ISSUES CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12928.
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This article attempts to evaluate the Grassroots democracy and the problems which are associated with the ineffective functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions. It argues that how constitutional provision has created a scope for accomplishing development with social justice, which is the mandate of the new Panchayat Raj system. The new system brings all those who are interested to have a voice in decision making through their participation in Panchayat Raj Institutions. How it becomes the Panchayati Raj system is the basis for the Social Justice and Empowerment of the weaker section on which the development initiative has to be built upon for achieving overall, human welfare of the society. My research paper also analyses the working status and various issues and challenges of PRIs for 26 years after the 73rd constitutional amendment establishment of panchayats and municipalities as elected local governments devolved a range of powers and responsibilities and made them accountable to the people for their implementation, very little and actual progress has been made in this direction. Local governments remain hamstrung and ineffective mere agents to do the bidding of higher-level governments. Democracy has not been enhanced despite about 32 lakh peoples representatives being elected to them every five years, with great expectation and fanfare. My study would explore the grey areas such as lack of adequate funds, domination of bureaucracy, untimely elections, lack of autonomy, the interference of area MPS and MLAs in the functioning of panchayats also adversely affected their performance.
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GOUR, C. L., and S. K. BADODIYA. "Role performance of Panchayats leaders in agriculture and rural development." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 10, no. 3 (August 15, 2015): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/10.3/266-270.
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Sinha, Ashish, Srishti Dixit, G. P. Soni, Somen Kumar Pradhan, and Sarwat Naqwi. "Assessment of community nutrition program performance through data validation in the state of Chhattisgarh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 5276. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184803.
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Background: In India data shows that every 3rd child is underweight. There is a similar situation in Chhattisgarh with 37% children underweight. Women and Child Development Department initiated Nawa Jatan (“new care”), a state specific community based intervention by targeting undernourished children for Six month. Strategy of validation by ‘External technical support group’ can be an eye opener for strategic tactical and operational intervention to validate the data of ICDS scheme at field level.Methods: By systematic random sampling methodology, Out of all targeted 2462 Gram Panchayats (GPs) 246 (i.e. 10%) was included in the survey. One day hands-on demonstration cum training for survey teams mixed with interns, postgraduate and volunteers were organized. Data collection done in pretested proforma.Results: A total of 7155 children distributed in surveyed Gram Panchayats across 27 districts were covered. About 9.1% (651 out of 7155) children showed gap in reporting as they were reported normal grade of nutrition. Out of all children covered for actual field validation. There was 9.84% disagreement in weight recording in the state. Our analysis reveals 9 districts fall in poor performing districts, followed by below average performing 8 districts and average performing 10 districts.Conclusions: There is wide gap in recorded result as normal children against the observation which was actually in the field level. In addition, there is significant proportion of disagreement of weight records when compared with actual weighing. Above observations might be possibly due to poor monitoring and supervision of weighing activity at the field level.
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Chathukulam, Jos, and S. Devavrathan. "Applying Narrative and Quantitative Models for Understanding the Sanitation Arena of Selected Gram Panchayats in a Post-TSC Era from Kerala." Journal of Health Management 16, no. 4 (November 26, 2014): 509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063414548553.
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The Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), a ‘flagship’ programme of the Government of India, has completed a decade of implementation. The TSC over the period has been able to improve human health and sanitation coverage in the country. The initial success could be attributed to ‘Nirmal Gram Puraskar’. The total sanitation campaign has effectively made use of the village social structures in Kerala to solve the first generation sanitation issues. Disparities could also be seen. As the TSC is on the verge of a positive transformation to a new and broader perspective, and as the state look forward for a new dimension in sanitation concepts over the next five-year plan, it asks for a review on the coverage patterns. This would support the policy-makers to invest in edifying ideals as the nation progress from the TSC to ‘Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan’. The broad objective of the study thus is to assess the impact of sanitation and hygiene coverage in the state. For measuring the outcomes and relative performance in terms of total sanitation provision, seven selected Gram Panchayats of Kozhikode district are considered. To arrive at a robust scenario, a synthesis of a narrative and statistical model was used. An innovative measurement framework known as ‘Total Sanitation Index’ was developed. The index was formulated for comprehending the relative positions of each Panchayat in terms of total sanitation and the results were presented.
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Singh, Aditi, and Dr Ombir Singh. "Analysing performance of the MGNREGA scheme: A study of three Panchayats of Bijnor district (Uttar Pradesh)." International Journal of Financial Management and Economics 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26179210.2022.v5.i1a.129.
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Silayach, Meenu, Deepak Kumar, and Sunil Phougat. "An Analysis of MGNREGA Scheme in Haryana State." Research Review Journal of Social Science 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrjss.2023.v03.n01.001.
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MGNREGA is an employment guarantee programme launched by the central government in 2006. MGNREGA addresses the issues of poverty and lack of sustainability in rural areas. The aim of the present study is to analyse the contribution of MGNREGA in employment generation & assess the financial and physical performance of MGNREGA Haryana state. For the achievement of above objectives, the study employed the secondary data that has been gathered from the various government reports and official websites. The data were analysed through the descriptive statistics like percentage, table and graphs. The results of the study revealed that the scheme covered 22 districts, 143 blocks and 6264-gram panchayats of the state. In Haryana total workers registered under MGNREGA is 22.32 Lakh out of these 9 lakhs are active workers at present. Further, the study found that the person-days of employment showing fluctuating trends while women days out of the total person days are continuously increasing except the year 2020-21under MGNREGA. Average wage rate per day per person in state continuously increases. Thus, MGNREGA is a very effective scheme which increase the employment level in rural areas of Haryana state.
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A. Jain, Dr Kavita. "Social Audit And Panchayati Raj." Thematics Journal of Geography 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/tjg.v8i8.8131.
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Social audit can be used in the various sectors like health, water, financial institution, organizations, companies, public and private sectors. With the help of social audit, industries can measure their performance. The social audit got a legal statue after incorporation of the 73rd amendment to the Indian constitution regarding panchayati raj institutions. This amendment gave power to gramsabha to conduct social audits and it has with this historic amendment that the concept of social audit gained importance in our country. The gramasabha shall conduct regular social audit of all the projects under the scheme taken up with in gram panchayat. So this study analyzed the performance of PRIs through social audit practice. It is purely based on primary data which has used convenient method of sampling method. The result has contributed that, social audit practice through gramsabha has developed the rural area but still there is a need for effective implementation of social audit practice. So government should provide training to panchayat raj employees to effectively carry social audit apart from this other institutions such as NGOs need to support villagers to conduct social audit.
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B., Surkal, Y. H. Rathwa, and S. R. Patel. "PANCHAYAT DYNAMICS: COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF MEMBER’S PROFILE AND THEIR ROLE PERFORMACE." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 36, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2023.36.1.0027.
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The study was conducted in the Chhotaudepr district of Gujarat state and involved 120 Gram panchayat members as respondent. Ex-post facto research design was used in the study. The results indicated that 65.83 per cent of the resndents were in the middle age group, while 50.83 per cent had a primary level of school education. Furthermore, 65.83 per cent of the gra panchayat members had medium size of families with five to eight members, and 58.33 per cent of them had up to 5 years of experience as gram panchayat member. Hence, 89.16 per cent of gram panchayat members belonged to scheduled Tribe category and 47.50 per cent of them had membership in one organization. In case of political contact, it was observed that 97.50 per cent, 80.00 per cent and 58.30 per cent of the gram panchayat members had no any contact with minister, MP and MLA respectively. In terms of annual income, 47.50 per cent of the responsents had annual income up to Rs. 1,00,000/- and 48.33 per cent of them were engaged in agriculture + animal husbandry as occupation. 45.00 per cent of the gram panchayat members had high level of knowledge about gram panchayat work, while 42.50 per cent of them had high level of co-ordination ability. Additionally, 47.50 per cent) of the gram panchayat members had high level of communication ability. The independent variables viz. knowledge about gram panchayat work, co-ordination ability and communication ability had positive and highly significant correlation with the role performance of gram panchayat members, whereas age, education, size of family, experience as gram panchayat member, caste, social participation, political contact, annual income and occupation failed to show any significant correlation with their role performance.
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Kannan G, Aruna P, Nithyavikasini N, and Kumar Raja M. "Seroprevalence of COVID-19 infection in a rural district of Tamil Nadu: A population-based seroepidemiological study." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i4.50853.
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a recent global pandemic of the era which posed a great challenge for the health care in terms of preventive, diagnostic and treatment dimensions. The seroprevalence rate of COVID IgG antibodies is very crucial in estimating the susceptibility of a particular area to the viral disease. In our study, we estimated the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in a rural area. Aims and Objectives: We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in a rural district of Tamil Nadu, 6 months after the index case. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 509 adults aged more than 18 years. From all the seven Taluks, two gram panchayats (administrative cluster of 8–10 villages) were randomly selected followed by one village through convenience. The participants were invited for the study to the community-based study kiosk set up in all the eight villages through village health committees. We collected sociodemographic characteristics and symptoms using a mobile application-based questionnaire, and we tested samples for the presence of IgG antibodies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using an electro chemiluminescent immunoassay. We calculated age-gender adjusted and test performance adjusted seroprevalence. Results: The age-and gender-adjusted seroprevalence was 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.9–10.8%). The unadjusted seroprevalence among participants with hypertension and diabetes was 16.3% (95% CI: 9.2–25.8) and 10.7% (95% CI: 5.5–18.3), respectively. When we adjusted for the test performance, the seroprevalence was 6.1% (95% CI 4.02–8.17). The study estimated 7 (95% CI 1:4.5–1:9) undetected infected individuals for every reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed case. Infection fatality rate (IFR) was calculated as 12.38/10,000 infections as on October 22, 2020. History of self-reported symptoms and education were significantly associated with positive status (P<0.05). Conclusion: A significant proportion of the rural population in a district of Tamil Nadu remains susceptible to COVID-19. A higher proportion of susceptible, relatively higher IFR, and a poor tertiary health-care network stress the importance of sustaining the public health measures and promoting early access to the vaccine are crucial to preserving the health of this population. Low population density, good housing, adequate ventilation, limited urbanization combined with public, private, and local health leadership are critical components of curbing future respiratory pandemics.
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S. Nayak, Nayanatara, Narayan Billava, and Ashalata K.V. "Agriculture Insurance’s outreach constrained by Procedural delays and Norms: Reflections from North Karnataka, India." Research on World Agricultural Economy 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.242.
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Karnataka is one of the states, which experienced severe drought continuously for four years since 2014. In addition, heavy rainfall for the past two years has adversely affected agriculture produce in the entire state putting farmers into debt trap as most of them are not covered by crop insurance for crop failure. Although crop insurance was available to farmers in India since 1972, the coverage across the states including Karnataka was not found to be satisfactory. The average percentage of farmers covered under crop insurance was less than 10% during 1999-2015,both for India and Karnataka. It was 11.3% under NAIS 2015 kharif,increased to 12.2% in 2016, 17.1% in 2017 going down to 15.6% in 2018 and to 14.1% in 2019 under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)kharif in Karnataka. PMFBY was one new kind of agriculture insurance company and introduced throughout the country in 2016.This paper examines the performance of this scheme with specific reference to north Karnataka based on primary data collected from farmers’ survey in four districts, secondary data collected from official documents and first-handinformation gathered from regional stakeholder workshops organized in six selected districts of north Karnataka. The study tries to look into the extent of coverage and, flaws and merits of crop insurance schemes with reference to problems faced by farmers in getting insurance coverage and claims. The study covered around 1000 stakeholders including farmers,officials of banks, department of economics and statistics, agriculture department and insurance agencies, representatives of gram panchayats and cooperative societies. Three agricultural crop seasons have passed since then. Central government has brought in some changes in guidelines and is likely to make further changes in procedures in response to concerns expressed by States and farmers’ representatives. Follow up discussions with key stakeholders in Karnataka held after the initial farmers’ survey reveal that while a few of the anomalies in applying for crop insurance have been addressed by the concerned departments, major obstacles in assessment and claims continue to exasperate farmers who are miffed bythese procedural lapses. This paper throws light on some of these issues and discusses measures to make crop insurance, particularly PMFBY farmers’ friendly.
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Sukumar, N., L. David Lal, and Vinod Kumar Mishra. "Inclusiveness in the Panchayati Raj Institutions." Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 5, no. 1 (June 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481119859675.
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The 73rd amendment of the Indian Constitution has evolved as a significant mechanism for devolution of power and democratic decentralisation. The template was to transform the power relation at three levels, that is, family, community and state apparatuses. Studies on the representation of underprivileged groups (caste, gender and tribes) in the panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) have highlighted the continued discrimination against these groups. This article analyses both enabling and disabling factors which affect the performance of the elected representatives (ERs) belonging to the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women from seven states. The findings (both qualitative and quantitative) of the study highlight general as well as group-specific enabling and disabling factors that impact the performance of the ERs in PRIs.
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Selvi, A. Tamil. "A Study on Scheduled Tribe Women and Political Empowerment of Panchayat Raj in Andaman & Nicobar Island." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230818.
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This paper attempts to analyse the socioeconomic and political background of the Scheduled Tribe women and political empowerment of panchayat raj in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Their knowledge about the roles and responsibilities of the panchayat, support received from various sections of the scheduled tribe women and political empowerment and their level of performance have also been brought out. The participants were elected women panchayat belong to scheduled tribe in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. This study is based on primary evidence collected from scheduled tribe women panchayat. The result shows that middle age group and married women hailing majority in scheduled tribe community. Most of them were school dropouts and their level of education was ranging from primary school to middle school level engaged in agriculture, fishers and non agriculture labourer. This study based on the concluded that there is a strong relationship between the political empowerment of Scheduled Tribe’s Women Elected Representatives and their capability in redressing the grievances of women and minorities in the village. Keywords: Women, Panchayat Raj, Scheduled Tribes and Political empowerment
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More, P. S., A. N. Deshmukh, S. U. Mokhale, J. L. Khedkar, and S. S. Chavan. "Role performance of Panchayat samiti members in village development." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/20.1/292-296.
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The present study is conducted in Amravati district of Vidharbha region of Maharashtra state with the objective of study ‘Role performance of Panchayat samiti members in village development’ The district was selected randomly; from this district, eight talukas, namely Amravati Chandur railway, Tiosa, Achalpur, Daryapur, Dhamangaon railway, Anjangaonsurji and Chandur Bazar, were selected. From each tahsil or block, respondents were selected according to members of the Panchayat samiti of a particular block. Thus, constituting the total sample size of 60 respondents. An exploratory research design was used for the study. The data was collected by personally interviewing the respondents with the help of the presented structured schedule. The collected data was first tabulated, and then mean, frequency, standard deviation, and correlation were employed for interpretation of the findings.
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Shukla, Namita, and Kiranjot Sindhu. "Performance of panchayati raj institutions members in indira awaas yojana scheme." Journal of Krishi Vigyan 7, no. 1 (2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2018.00125.3.
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KUMARI, ANURADHA RANJAN, and LAXMIKANT LAXMIKANT. "Constraints faced by elected women village Panchayat members in role performance." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 11, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/11.1/54-58.
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P. Shrivastava et al.,, P. Shrivastava et al ,. "Correlation Analysis of Performance of Panchayat Leaders in Rajnandgaon District of Chhattisgarh." International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 8, no. 2 (2018): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijasrapr201820.
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Shrivastava, P., and K. K. Shrivastava. "Path Analysis of Characteristics of Panchayat Leaders and its Impact on their Role Performance." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (February 10, 2018): 1587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.191.
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Shrivastava, P., and K. K. Shrivastava. "Multiple Regression Analysis of Characteristics of Panchayat Leaders and its Impact on their Role Performance." International Journal of Agriculture Sciences(IJAS) 10, no. 3 (February 15, 2018): 5145. http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0975-3710.10.3.5145-5148.
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Singh, Upma, and Mohammad Rizwan. "A feasibility study and cost-benefit analysis of an off-grid hybrid system for a remote area electrification." Future Energy 2, no. 2 (May 15, 2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.2.2.2.
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Off-grid power production utilizing renewable sources of power has become more significant and viable to meet the limited demands of remote locations. The primary goal of this study is to develop an economic and optimal hybrid PV/Biogas configuration for power production for rural common facilities, including one Primary school, Junior school, and Panchayat Ghar buildings of Sarai Jairam village in Uttar Pradesh, India. Data on the electric load was gathered for two schools and Panchayat Ghar. The PV/biogas hybrid configuration was designed utilizing the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER), and techno-economic analysis is carried out to fulfill the load requirements. The available biomass potential and the data on solar irradiance of the study area were utilized in the HOMER software to carry out the analysis. The HOMER analysis produced a solution that included total net present cost (NPC) and cost of electricity (COE), and these results were then further improved using sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis employed sensitivity parameters like biomass potential, biomass pricing, solar irradiance, and variation in loads. Based on the NPC and COE, this analysis evaluates the system performance and demonstrates that it is techno-economically feasible.
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Mathew, Philip, Sujith J. Chandy, Satya Sivaraman, Jaya Ranjalkar, Hyfa Mohammed Ali, and Shruthi Anna Thomas. "Formulating a Community-Centric Indicator Framework to Quantify One Health Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance: A Preliminary Step towards Fostering ‘Antibiotic-Smart Communities’." Antibiotics 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13010063.
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Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is increasing the mortality and morbidity associated with infectious diseases, besides increasing the cost of healthcare, saturating health system capacity, and adversely affecting food security. Framing an appropriate narrative and engaging local communities through the ‘One Health’ approach is essential to complement top-down measures. However, the absence of objective criteria to measure the performance of ABR interventions in community settings makes it difficult to mobilize interest and investment for such interventions. An exercise was therefore carried out to develop an indicator framework for this purpose. A comprehensive list of indicators was developed from experiences gathered through community engagement work in a local panchayat (small administrative area) in Kerala, India and a consultative process with health, veterinary, environment, and development experts. A prioritization exercise was carried out by global experts on ABR, looking at appropriateness, feasibility, and validity. A 15-point indicator framework was designed based on the prioritization process. The final set of indicators covers human health, animal health, environment management, and Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) domains. The indicator framework was piloted in the panchayat (located in Kerala), which attained a score of 34 (maximum 45). The score increased when interventions were implemented to mitigate the ABR drives, indicating that the framework is sensitive to change. The indicator framework was tested in four sites from three other Indian states with different socioeconomic and health profiles, yielding different scores. Those collecting the field data were able to use the framework with minimal training. It is hoped that, this indicator framework can help policymakers broadly understand the factors contributing to ABR and measure the performance of interventions they choose to implement in the community as part of National Action Plan on AMR.
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Khade, Kavita B., P. A. Ghadage, R. B. Kalamkar, and V. G. Patil. "Constraints and Suggested Strategy for Creating Better Performance in Agriculture Development by the Heads of Panchayat Raj Institutions." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 3775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.447.
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Afshar, Mehdi H., Timothy Foster, Thomas P. Higginbottom, Ben Parkes, Koen Hufkens, Sanjay Mansabdar, Francisco Ceballos, and Berber Kramer. "Improving the Performance of Index Insurance Using Crop Models and Phenological Monitoring." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050924.
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Extreme weather events cause considerable damage to the livelihoods of smallholder farmers globally. Whilst index insurance can help farmers cope with the financial consequences of extreme weather, a major challenge for index insurance is basis risk, where insurance payouts correlate poorly with actual crop losses. We analyse to what extent the use of crop simulation models and crop phenology monitoring can reduce basis risk in index insurance. Using a biophysical process-based crop model (Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM)) applied for rice producers in Odisha, India, we simulate a synthetic yield dataset to train non-parametric statistical models to predict rice yields as a function of meteorological and phenological conditions. We find that the performance of statistical yield models depends on whether meteorological or phenological conditions are used as predictors and whether one aggregates these predictors by season or crop growth stage. Validating the preferred statistical model with observed yield data, we find that the model explains around 54% of the variance in rice yields at the village cluster (Gram Panchayat) level, outperforming vegetation index-based models that were trained directly on the observed yield data. Our methods and findings can guide efforts to design smart phenology-based index insurance and target yield monitoring resources in smallholder farming environments.
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Amritesh, Subhas C. Misra, and Jayanta Chatterjee. "Applying Gap Model for Bringing Effectiveness to e-Government Services." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 9, no. 3 (July 2013): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2013070103.
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Taking the means-ends approach to e-governance service quality the authors adopt the Parasuraman’s ‘Gap Model’ to evaluate the antecedents of service performance in an Indian context of government-to-citizen (G2C) service deployment under the national e-governance plan (NeGP) of India. This e-governance initiative in India has been implemented at multiple tiers of the government that integrates administration and service processes at different levels that includes center, state, district, block, and further to the lowest level of governance unit (Panchayat). The authors acknowledge five levels of potential service discrepancies across the service delivery chain, from designing the service policy to achieving citizen satisfaction. These are service conceptualization, service design, service capacity, service offering, and service consumption. Corresponding to these discrepancies, the authors explain six types of potential gaps in e-governance G2C service context: Assessment Gap, Design Gap, Capacity Gap, External Communication Gap, Delivery Gap, and Service Gap. Preliminary strategies to close these gaps are also proposed.
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Pandey, V., K. K. Choudhary, C. S. Murthy, and M. K. Poddar. "IMPROVED IN-SEASON CROP CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE USING ENSEMBLE LEARNING TECHNIQUE: A CASE STUDY OF LEKODA INSURANCE UNIT, UJJAIN, MADHYA PRADESH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W6 (July 26, 2019): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w6-477-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The classification of agricultural crop types is an important application of remote sensing. With the improvement in spatial, temporal and spectral resolution of satellite data, a complete seasonal crop growth profile and separability between different crop classes can be studied by using ensemble-learning techniques. This study compares the performance of Random Forest (RF), which is a decision tree based ensemble learning method and Naïve Bayes ( a probabilistic learning technique) for crop classification of <i>Lekoda</i> gram panchayat, <i>Ujjain</i> district, using multi-temporal Sentinel 2 of Rabi 2017&ndash;18. The study area contains seven different classes of crop types, and in each class, we have used 65% of the ground data for training and 35% to test the classifier. The performance of RF classifier was found to be better than NB classifier. Kappa coefficient of RF classifier in mid of the crop season (December&ndash;January) was found to be 0.93. This result indicates that an accurate in-season crop map of the study area can be generated through integrated use of Sentinel 2 temporal data and RF classifier.</p>
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Lamsal, Jiva Nath. "Performing for Social Justice: Efficacy of Political Theatre in Nepal and the Philippines." Literary Studies 35, no. 01 (March 9, 2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43674.
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Theatre plays a vital role in the struggle for democracy, functioning as an alternative medium for presenting social problems “of and to” the people and proving its efficacy as a powerful creative force in unravelling the hidden truths of repressive regimes. This article examines and compares the role of theatre in a Nepali and Filipino context, in particular its deployment in response to repressive regimes, and argues that theatre is both adaptable and efficacious as a tool for social and political justice. Although never colonised, Nepal was under the control of the Rana Oligarchy for over one hundred years (1846-1951). This period of oligarchical rule was followed by three decades of totalitarianism under King Mahendra’s party-less Panchayat system (1960-1990). Despite and because of this climate of political brutality and oppression, theatre and performance traditions endured. These traditions made “the invisible visible,” serving to awaken the population to their democratic rights. In the Philippines, theatre and performance traditions have been used to push back against centuries of foreign influence. More recently, these traditions have been deployed in response to the authoritarian rule of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, in particular his aggressive war on drugs. As this study shows, theatre has been a powerful means to fight against autocratic polity and restoration of democracy in Nepal and colonial forces as well as dictatorship in the Philippines.
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Jiju P. Alex, K. Abdul Jabbar. "Decentralized Agricultural Planning in Kerala- Process and Determinants of Efficacy." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.045.
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The long-drawn process of institutionalization of decentralized planning in Kerala has impacted grass root level agricultural development in several ways. The regular interactions of officials and farmers in the process significantly have influenced service delivery to the public forming innovative solutions, fruitful experiences and institutional learnings. But there is an urgent need to scale up farmer participation in the process by enhancing efficacy of the process of institutionalisation. Delineation of the determinants of the efficacy of decentralised agricultural planning at grass root level in Kerala is of utmost importance to address various dimensions of the institutionalisation process lagging behind and to enhance efficacy. It was done based on a set of dimensions selected through literature review and expert rating. Among various steps, integration of projects, finalisation of annual plan by the local governments, formation of panchayath planning committee, consolidation of local plans to district plans and prioritisation and resource allocation by local bodies received low perceived efficacy scores. The factor analysis of the data delineated development-participation inter dependence, group decision making & performance, experience -accountability capabilities, and knowledge mediationas four factors explaining maximum variance in the perceived efficacy of institutionalization of decentralized planning in agriculture in Kerala.
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Sahoo, Suruchi, Mahendra Prasad Behera, and Sanjaya Sahu. "Metacognitive Awareness on Teaching and Teaching Competence of Secondary Prospective Teachers." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i3.3466.
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Metacognition is the individual’s awareness of how he learns and what he does, employment of proper knowledge to gain his ends; the ability to employ cognitive skills that are required in an ordinary test, the knowledge of which strategies be employed with which goals, and the assessment of individual processes before and after the performance” (Flavell, 1997). Here, an attempt was made to investigate the relationship and differences of metacognitive awareness on teaching and teaching competence of prospective secondary teachers. The main objective of the study was to compare the significant mean differences and relationship of of metacognitive awareness on teaching and teaching competence of male and female secondary prospective teachers. A sample of 100 secondary prospective teachers consisted of 50 males and 50 females from Dr. PMIASE, Sambalpur, and Panchayat College, Bargarh, were selected randomly. For this study, both correlational and causal-comparative method was employed by the researcher. To collect data, the researcher used the Inventory of Metacognitive Awareness for Teachers (MAIT) developed by C. Balcikanli (2011) and the General teaching Competence scale (GTC) developed by B.K. Passi and Lalitha (1994). The obtained data were analyzed using”t” test and Pearson correlation coefficient “r.” It was that found the mean scores of male teachers are significantly better than the female teachers when metacognitive awareness was compared with teaching and teaching competence. Lastly, the result indicated there existed a strong positive correlation of metacognitive awareness on teaching and teaching competency concerning male and female student teachers.
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P, Srinivas. "Employment Generation and Asset Creation through MGNREGA in Andhra Pradesh." Journal of Global Economy 12, no. 4 (December 25, 2016): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i4.441.
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NREGA, enacted in 2005, forms the basis of a massive employment guarantee scheme, implemented throughout India, with two main objectives – to enhance the livelihood security of people in rural areas, and to boost the rural economy. Ever since its implementation across the country (2008-09 to 2015-16), on an average Rs.40, 000 crore per financial year has been invested under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA. In conformity with the National Act, the Government of Andhra Pradesh is implementing this Act since January 2006 and made considerable progress in fulfilling the programme objectives. The present study attempts to capture to what extent the employment was generated and durable assets are created during the last ten years of implementation of MGNREGS in Andhra Pradesh State. The study is based on secondary data such as official records of Ministry of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, Journals, magazines etc. It reveals that the performance of Andhra Pradesh in terms of providing employment and generating person days to rural households particularly Women, SC and ST is significant and it could be able to provide 100 days of employment to only 5.5 per cent of the participatory households. Further, the state Govt. has created substantial number of assets during this one decade of implementation in different categories. However, it was observed that the rate of completion of works is very poor and it is gradually decreased over the years of implementation.Key words: MGNREGA, Employment, Asset creation, Livelihood Security, Rural Economy
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Faheem, Mohd. "Grassroots Democracy and Local Governance Issues: Perspective from Rural India." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, no. 10 (October 6, 2023): e03407. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n10-005.
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Objective: This paper aims to focus on grassroots democracy in India and also to find out the role local self-government for the development of rural India and its challenges to govern. Methods: The methodological path taken by using the secondary based data to find out the local government system and governance in India. The method approach was qualitative descriptive research. Results and conclusion: The Panchayati Raj system of local self-government was introduced by the 73rd Amendment of the Constitution of India which influenced the village life extensively as one of the most important units of democratic decentralization. Seventy-third Constitutional Amendment Act, ‘Empowering People for Prosperity´, brings out a significant change in the attitude, behavior and performance of the rustic folk in India. There are more than 250,000 local government bodies across India with nearly 3.1 million elected representatives. This paper reveals forward states provide good governance through the local government in the core areas of development with execution of plans in rural India and on the other hand, backward states are lack in governance due to nature the corruption laden politics exist in those states. Implication of the research: This study sums up with the significance of grassroots democracy and its role in the development of rural India and at the same time to highlights the hurdle in the governance ecosystem of local governments in rural India. Originality/value: The value of this study lies in its focus on a relatively aspect of grassroots governance system in India. It addresses a significant gap in the current literature, providing fresh insights into governance system in rural India and the strengthen the grassroots democracy.
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Hossain, M. Amir, Amitava Mukharjee, Mrinal Kumar Sengupta, Sad Ahamed, Bhaskar Das, Bishwajit Nayak, Arup Pal, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, and Dipankar Chakraborti. "Million Dollar Arsenic Removal Plants in West Bengal, India: Useful or Not?" Water Quality Research Journal 41, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2006.025.
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Abstract The effectiveness of arsenic removal plants (ARPs) to provide safe water was evaluated based on a study of 577 ARPs out of 1900 installed in 5 arsenic-affected districts of West Bengal, India. Out of 577, 145 (25.1%) were found in defunct condition. Both raw and filtered water from 305 ARPs were analyzed for total arsenic concentration. Forty-eight ARPs were installed despite raw water arsenic concentrations below the Indian standard (50 µg/L) and in 22 cases even below the WHO guideline value (10 µg/L). Among the 264 ARPs having raw water arsenic above 50 µg/L, 140 (53.1%) and 73 (27.7%) failed to remove arsenic below the WHO guideline value and Indian standard, respectively. The highest arsenic concentration in treated water was 705 µg/L. Analysis of 217 treated water samples for iron showed that 175 (80.6%) failed to remove iron below 300 µg/L. The treated water became coloured on standing 6 to 8 h, for 191 (44.2%) ARPs and 25 (5.8%) produced bad-odoured water. Overall, the study showed that 475 (82.3%) of the ARPs were not useful. The reasons for ineffectiveness and poor performance of these ARPs include improper maintenance, sand gushing problems, a lack of user-friendliness and absence of community participation. A comparative study of ARPs in two different blocks (Domkol in Murshidabad district and Swarupnagar in North 24 Parganas) showed that 39 (80%) and 38 (95%) ARPs, respectively, were not useful. Further study in Gram Panchayet Kolsur, Deganga block, North 24 Parganas, showed that 14 (87.5%) ARPs were not useful. Proper watershed management with active participation from the villagers is urgently required for successful mitigation.
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Dr. Pankaj Chakraborty. "AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF PANCHAYATS IN TRIPURA: MAJOR INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENTS." International Education and Research Journal 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ierj24355127822493.
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The introduction of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment to the Constitution of India brought a new beginning and positive changes to Indian democracy. It has strengthened the concept of democracy by ensuring the decentralization of power at the grass roots level. The creation of the Three Tier Panchayat System was a land mark step giving voice to the rural people in the process of governance and democratic development planning. In conformity with this Act, in 1993, the Government of Tripura brought forward the Tripura Panchayats Act. The present paper aims to analyse the performance of the Panchayats of Tripura and the contribution of PRIs in developing the rural areas of Tripura.
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Kashyap, Sham N. "How do Panchayats Work: Exploring Clientelistic and Programmatic Transactions in Gram Panchayats of Karnataka." Indian Journal of Human Development, January 7, 2023, 097370302211460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09737030221146015.
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People in rural India routinely experience a vast difference between what is promised by the state and what is realised on the ground. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) enable a broad spectrum of actors to be involved in planning the activities of the local state and holding the bureaucracy accountable for their actions at this level. While literature shows that clientelism is pervasive and affects the performance of PRIs adversely, there are pockets of evidence where programmatic transactions regularly occur. I use programmatic and clientelistic transactions as ideal types of outcomes and exploring how these transactions are engendered through a comparative study of two Gram Panchayats with similar institutional settings using ethnographic materials. Together with institutional design and economic factors, differences in local political dynamics affect development outcomes. Individualistic and loyalty-driven leadership prompts symbiotic relationships with bureaucrats, whereas cadre-based leadership prefers control and scrutiny. The expectations of villagers from their panchayat are also shaped by these political traits. In the first scenario, bureaucracy uses procedural compliance to hide clientelist decisions from scrutiny, whereas in the second, it is used to demonstrate neutrality in decision making.
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Bavinck, Maarten. "Collective Strategies and Windfall Catches: Fisher Responses to Tsunami Relief Efforts in South India." Transforming Cultures eJournal 3, no. 2 (November 10, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/tfc.v3i2.923.
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To the surprise of both governments and NGOs, village-level caste organisations – or panchayats - played a significant role in the post-tsunami relief effort to fisher-men in Tamil Nadu, India. This paper discusses the pro-active role of caste pancha-yats in relief from the perspective of social resilience, a factor that is frequently ar-gued to be of importance for disaster management. It presents panchayat action as an expression of collective agency that has a long tradition in the fishing villages of the region. Finally, comparing the reactions of caste panchayats in the post-tsunami situation with their performance in other instances of collective need, it considers their future role in fields such as fisheries management.
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Dwivedi, Dr Ritesh, and Krishna Mohan Poddar. "Functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions in India: A Status Paper." Adhyayan: A Journal of Management Sciences 3, no. 2 (May 16, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.21567/adhyayan.v3i2.10183.
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Good governance is considered as the control idea of Development. A system of structured governance empowers the government to deliver services to the citizen and to mobilize resource and revenue for the societal development. And it can only be achieved by participation of different stakeholders of the development process. Because of its size and its relatively ambitious efforts to decentralize government, India provides an important context for understanding the ways in which decentralization can improve the performance and accountability of local government. Indeed, there is lot to be done towards improving village infrastructure and it should be done in a fairly participatory manner so that people’s aspirations can also get their space. In this study, different structural and functional aspects related to panchayats at grass root levels have been analyzed. Development of villages depends heavily on Panchayati Raj Institutions and their effective functioning, that is why five states (considered better in terms of PRI functioning) have been selected and a comparative analysis based on different parameters has been done. Findings show that panchayats are running inefficiently and there is lack of people’s participation. There is urgent need of removing the legislative and procedural problems that constrain the Gram Sabha; greater devolution of funds, functions and functionaries; putting in place mechanisms of audit and accountability and strengthening the participation of women for improving governance and functioning of panchayats. Indeed, measures are needed whereby the poor can participate more effectively through PRIs and local informal groups and people’s movements.
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Gontupulugu, Jagadeesh, Steven Raj Padakandla, and Chandayya Makeni. "Fiscal Performance of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs): An Empirical Analysis Of the State of Andhra Pradesh In Pre and Post-bifurcation Period." Journal of Rural Development, June 29, 2023, 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i3/153966.
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The effectiveness of democratic decentralisation depends on the financial strength and independence of the local bodies. Financial autonomy is vital to reap the full potential benefits of decentralisation as the transfer of funds, functions, and functionaries will enable local bodies to be institutes of self -governance and not just delivery mechanisms. In the context of persistent fiscal distress across the local bodies, an attempt is made to empirically examine the fiscal performance of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Andhra Pradesh during 2010-11 to 2017-18, i.e. pre- and post-bifurcation periods of the State. The fiscal autonomy and the revenue dependency of PRIs across all three tiers in the State during the same period was also analysed. The study finds that the fiscal autonomy of top tiers, i.e. Mandal Praja Parishads (MPPs) and Zilla Praja Parishads (ZPPs) is negligible in both periods, while Gram Panchayats showed relatively better fiscal autonomy in both periods.
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Jha, Ashish. "Democratic Decentralizaton and Socio-Political Inclusion of Marginalized Communities: A Study of Musahar Community in Madhubani District of Bihar, India." Contemporary Voice of Dalit, October 14, 2021, 2455328X2110424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x211042499.
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Democratic decentralization is the process of devolving the state’s roles and resources from the centre to the lower-level elected officials to encourage greater direct participation of people in governance. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (1993), which gave the constitutional mandate to the Panchayati Raj Institutions in India, is considered as an opportunity for historically marginalized groups like women, Dalits (Scheduled Caste) and others to actively engage in the grassroot governance as members of local government institutions. Further, gram panchayats have been mandated for formulating their own annual development plan for economic development and social justice in their area. Although in these 25 years, since the enactment of the Act, various measures have been introduced through Panchayati Raj Institutions for increasing people’s participation and effective implementation of developmental programmes, but there is a little or no evidences—either the theoretical or the empirical, which can give a hint on its performance on social and political inclusion of marginalized communities. Against this backdrop, this empirical research paper attempts to explore the linkages between the democratic decentralization and socio-political inclusion of marginalized, by focussing on the Musahar community in Bihar state of India, using primary data collected from the field. The researchers argue that decentralization has ameliorated the social inclusion to some extent but shows very dismal rate of political inclusion of the Musahar Community.
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Radha Unnikrishnan M, Agnus Varghese, Athulya Jinan, Salih P M, and Nishad M M. "Performance Evaluation of Bioretention System in Chalakudy River Water." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, January 30, 2024, 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-15273.
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Bio-retention is a simple bio filtration method. It is a terrestrial based, water quality control practice using the chemical, biological and physical properties of plants, microbes and soil for removal of pollutants from water. In this paper we are evaluating whether this method is suitable for river water. River is the main source of water for several purposes such as drinking water, irrigation etc. However, river is also used as a point where to dump wastes too. Source of pollution in river water is generally categorized to agricultural runoff, industrial effluents and domestic waste from residential areas. Using pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural lands contributes to the pollutant runoff to rivers. Most of the industries are releasing their treated effluents to rivers. Hence it is treated effluent; still it creates pollution problems in some cases. ChalakudyRiver is the main source of water for several panchayats. However, the presence of agricultural land, residential areas and industrial areas increases the chance of pollution. So, we selected Kathikudam Region, which consists of agricultural lands, residential areas and industries as our source of water. We collect water from near to KCPL Kadavu in Kathikudam village and it is used as raw water for our filtration unit. The quality analysis for raw water and filtered water will be conducted and it will be compared with IS standards and analyze whether the filtration unit is suitable or applicable to river water
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Sharma, Ajai Pal, and Ajay Kumar. "Impact of Infrastructure on Socio-economic Development in Rural Areas: Evidence from the State of Haryana, India." Indian Journal of Public Administration, January 27, 2023, 001955612211414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00195561221141458.
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With a background to enhance the individual’s capability and providing opportunities to rural community, rural development is unavoidable. Taking this idea of socio-economic enhancement at rural level, this paper examines the impact of rural infrastructure on the socio-economic development (SED) of rural people. Different dimensions related to rural infrastructure and SED are extracted in this paper using factor analysis. Regression analysis is employed using dimensions of rural infrastructure as independent variables and SED as dependent variables. Creation of water facilities as part of rural infrastructure was found to be the core dimension impacting the socio-economic life of the rural people followed by infrastructure maintenance and management of resources. Performance evaluation of panchayats, as a part of rural governance and execution of rural developmental activities, reveals that North Haryana leads on most of the parameters as compared to other parts of Haryana.
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Vishal, C., and K. Sikander. "Labour Usage and Productivity in Temperate Fruits Production in Himachal Pradesh A Study of District Shimla." Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, OF (August 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5115.
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Background: Labour being a principle Factor of production in the Agriculture and has great influence in the crop production, therefore, a study was conducted to understand the labour Man-days and its efficiency in the production of different temperate fruits. From the study, we will try to found labour Man-days used in different farm activities under different temperate fruits and its role in the production of the different fruits. Methods: In this study field investigation was conducted during the Year 2018-2019 and data of 200 farming households of different farm size were collected from 10 different panchayats of Jubbal and kotkhai Block of district Shimla. Result: From our study, it was discovered that most labour Man-days utilization per hectare can be seen in Apple production across all farm size as compare to other fruits production. As far as labour productivity per kg is concern it has been observed that it high in apple production as compare other fruit production, however, when we look it from farm size point small farm performance looks better in most of the crops.
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Anithakumari, P., S. Indhuja, and M. Shareefa. "Community farm school approach for coconut seedlings/juveniles through collaborative social actions." Journal of Plantation Crops, November 30, 2023, 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2023.v51.i2.8669.
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Three Grama Panchayats in Kerala's Alappuzha district undertook community-level participatory action research in 2019–2021. A total of 90 coconut farmers participated in the adoption of ICAR-CPCRI technology to produce West Coast Tall (WCT) coconut seedlings that are resistant/tolerant to the root (wilt) disease at the community level. Partners included extension agents, coconut producers' societies (CPS) and clusters, women self-help groups (WSHGs), and agricultural labor organizations. The characteristics of technologies that are suggested for adoption in root (wilt) disease-affected tracts, such as the scientific management of young coconut trees and the production of high-quality seedlings through community nurseries, challenge the idea of adoption. There are a lot of variances in the homestead gardens' marginal holdings, including expertise, the use of technology, and access to advisory services. Government agencies provided the majority of the seedlings and extension advisory services, emphasizing the necessity for FPO-based or private extension in the coconut growing industry. The coconut farmers' understanding has significantly improved as a result of the participatory interventions for managing seedlings. The participatory demonstration and community farm school (CFS) strategy is discussed in the paper as a way for homesteads to manage juvenile coconuts while integrating new ideas and fostering cross and reciprocal learning. Refining the current extension approach requires integrating new knowledge about the characteristics of seedling growth, future economic performance, and social evaluation of choices of technological, individual, and skill-oriented interventions in risk-prone areas with debilitating root (wilt) disease.
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Chattopadhyay, Seemantini. "Finances of Gram Panchayats in West Bengal: Disparities and Determinants." International Journal of Rural Management, October 4, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09730052231183218.
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Acknowledging the importance of fiscal decentralisation, this paper evaluates the fiscal performances of all the Gram Panchayats (GPs) in Birbhum and North 24 Parganas of West Bengal and identifies the determinants of disparities in their fiscal performances. Our analysis reveals that smaller GPs generate greater own source revenues per person, receive higher grants per person and spend more per person. Several factors including demographic characteristics, socio-economic characteristics and geographical locations shape the needs and priorities of the GPs and, therefore, are important for explaining the variations in their fiscal performances. The regression results reveal that willingness to pay taxes is greater among literate people and also the incidence of expenditure is significantly higher for GPs with higher literacy rates. The proportion of agricultural labour and concentration of scheduled caste/scheduled tribes population in the GPs show a negative impact on the collection of own source revenue and also on per capita expenditure but a positive impact on the grants and transfers received from higher levels of governments.
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Ganguly, Suparna. "Sen's Capability Approach and Women Empowerment in Governance." Journal of Rural Development, June 29, 2023, 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i3/142198.
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This paper tries to measure the level of empowerment of elected women representatives (EWRs) at the Gram Panchayat level in the light of Prof. Amartya Sen’s ‘Capability Approach.’ In this paper, the level of empowerment of EWRs or “agency” has been measured through Women Empowerment Index (WEI) on the basis of five types of ‘instrumental freedoms’ like, Social Opportunities, Economic Facilities, Political Freedoms, Transparency Guarantees and Protective Security. On the other hand, the ‘capability set’ or the “alternative combinations of functioning” of EWRs or “agency” has been assessed through Gram Panchayat Performance Index (GPPI). By comparing WEI and GPPI, the paper has assessed the level of empowerment of EWRs during the last two boards (2003-08) and (2008-2013) in West Bengal.
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Lata, Kiran, Virender Kumar, and Jyoti Kachroo. "Performance and Execution of MNREGS in Kangra District of H.P." MANTHAN: Journal of Commerce and Management, no. 1 (March 3, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/manthan.spl19.4.
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The government of India has initiated a number of programmes for eradication of poverty of which Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is an influential stride towards the right to work. It was launched with the aim of providing livelihood security to the adult members of rural households through guaranteed wage employment for hundred days in a financial year. It provides equal wages to both male and female workers besides 33 per cent participation for women. The state of Himachal Pradesh has been praised for its implementation due to the fact that it tops in providing employment to women under the scheme. Therefore, the performance and execution as well as various processes in the effective execution of the scheme were examined through a study entitled “Performance and Execution of MNREGS in Kangra district of H.P.” the study was carried out in the year 2013-14 in Kangra district of H.P. The results indicated that all the guidelines being mandated in the Act were found to be followed properly as against the provision of 100 days of employment and wage payment on weekly basis (i.e. a delay in wage payment was observed). The relevant problems were insufficient and untimely flow of funds by the higher authorities to the Panchayat as a result of which employment for complete 100 days and on weekly basis couldn’t be met. Therefore, a need to strengthen sufficient and timely release of funds to Panchayat by the higher authorities as well as meeting 100 days of employment and timely payment of wages was suggested as a result of this study.
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Kumar, Akshi, Abhishek Mallik, and Sanjay Kumar. "HumourHindiNet: Humour detection in Hindi web series using word embedding and convolutional neural network." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing, April 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3661306.
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Humour is a crucial aspect of human speech, and it is, therefore, imperative to create a system that can offer such detection. While data regarding humour in English speech is plentiful, the same cannot be said for a low-resource language like Hindi. Through this paper, we introduce two multimodal datasets for humour detection in the Hindi web series. The dataset was collected from over 500 minutes of conversations amongst the characters of the Hindi web series Kota-Factory and Panchayat . Each dialogue is manually annotated as Humour or Non-Humour. Along with presenting a new Hindi language-based Humour detection dataset, we propose an improved framework for detecting humour in Hindi conversations. We start by preprocessing both datasets to obtain uniformity across the dialogues and datasets. The processed dialogues are then passed through the Skip-gram model for generating Hindi word embedding. The generated Hindi word embedding is then passed onto three convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures simultaneously, each having a different filter size for feature extraction. The extracted features are then passed through stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers for further processing and finally classifying the dialogues as Humour or Non-Humour. We conduct intensive experiments on both proposed Hindi datasets and evaluate several standard performance metrics. The performance of our proposed framework was also compared with several baselines and contemporary algorithms for Humour detection. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our dataset to be used as a standard dataset for Humour detection in the Hindi web series. The proposed model yields an accuracy of 91.79 and 87.32 while an F1 score of 91.64 and 87.04 in percentage for the Kota-Factory and Panchayat datasets, respectively.
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Dr. Swapan Kumar Barman. "Performance of Self Help Groups (SHGs): An Empirical Analysis of Moyna Block in Purba Medinipur District (West Bengal)." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, January 30, 2022, 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-6593.
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SHG is one of the latest phenomenons of anti-poverty programme. The study tries to examine economic changes that have occurred to the rural poor as a result of their after joining SHG. The study consider the Moyna block under district of Purba Medinipur in west Bengal and a total of 530 SHGs are selected at random from 44 villages. These 44 villages have been selected at randomly from 11 Gram Panchayat (G.P,). The findings of study revealed that the rural poor were successful in their savings habit, internal lending, and increasing income in post –SHG situation. Field level study also shows that each member has taken loan and earns money after taking IGAs/MEs. The study concluded that the poor people change their life pattern in post-SHG situation that in pre-SHG situation by means of earning with the involvement of income generating activities.
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Dr. Swapan Kumar Barman. "An Empirical Analysis of Self Help Groups (SHGs) Performance in West Bengal with Special Reference to Purba Medinipur District." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, February 28, 2020, 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-6250.
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SHG is one of the latest phenomenons of anti-poverty programme. The study tries to examine economic changes that have occurred to the rural poor as a result of their after joining SHG. The study consider the Moyna block under district of Purba Medinipur in west Bengal. The study considered 400 households (HHs) from 100 SHGs spread over 20 Gram Panchayat in 4 blocks in Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal. The period of the study is from 2015 to 2018. The findings of study revealed that the rural poor were successful in their savings habit, internal lending, and increasing income in post –SHG situation. Field level study also shows that each member has taken loan and earns money after taking IGAs/MEs. The study concluded that the poor people change their life pattern in post-SHG situation that in pre-SHG situation by means of earning with the involvement of income generating activities.
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Dr. Swapan Kumar Barman. "An Empirical Analysis of Self Help Groups (SHGs) Performance in West Bengal with Special Reference to Purba Medinipur District." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, January 18, 2021, 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-7906.
Full textAbstract:
SHG is one of the latest phenomenons of anti-poverty programme. The study tries to examine economic changes that have occurred to the rural poor as a result of their after joining SHG. The study consider the Moyna block under district of Purba Medinipur in west Bengal. The study considered 400 households (HHs) from 100 SHGs spread over 20 Gram Panchayat in 4 blocks in Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal. The period of the study is from 2015 to 2018. The findings of study revealed that the rural poor were successful in their savings habit, internal lending, and increasing income in post –SHG situation. Field level study also shows that each member has taken loan and earns money after taking IGAs/MEs. The study concluded that the poor people change their life pattern in post-SHG situation that in pre-SHG situation by means of earning with the involvement of income generating activities.
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PREM, A., R. SANKAR, A. ZACHARIAH, C. N. DINESH, and P. M. ROJAN. "Phenotypic characterization of the desi (local) cattle reared by the tribal communities of Wayanad district, Kerala, South India." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 7 (August 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i7.121277.
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This study pertained to the phenotypic characterization of Wayanad desi cattle, a lesser-known indigenous cattle population reared mainly in the tribal hamlets of Wayanad district, Kerala, South India. Information on the habitat, status, management, utility and performance of the cattle and data on the morphological and morphometric traits were recorded using the ICAR-NBAGR guidelines with modifications. The main breeding tract of Wayanad desi cattle was in Thavinhal, Thondernad, Ambalavayal and Noolpuzha panchayaths of Wayanad district. These animals were reared under an extensive system of management and a loose house system in simple kachcha housing. They are low milk producers and the average daily yield was just above one litre. These animals weresmall in size, predominantly solid brown in colour, with a straight forehead and face. These desi cattle share several qualitative and quantitative features with other varieties of cattle in Kerala, eventhough their geographic distribution was different.
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PREM, A., R. SANKAR, A. ZACHARIAH, C. N. DINESH, and P. M. ROJAN. "Phenotypic characterization of the desi (local) cattle reared by the tribal communities of Wayanad district, Kerala, South India." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 93, no. 7 (August 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v93i7.121277.
Full textAbstract:
This study pertained to the phenotypic characterization of Wayanad desi cattle, a lesser-known indigenous cattle population reared mainly in the tribal hamlets of Wayanad district, Kerala, South India. Information on the habitat, status, management, utility and performance of the cattle and data on the morphological and morphometric traits were recorded using the ICAR-NBAGR guidelines with modifications. The main breeding tract of Wayanad desi cattle was in Thavinhal, Thondernad, Ambalavayal and Noolpuzha panchayaths of Wayanad district. These animals were reared under an extensive system of management and a loose house system in simple kachcha housing. They are low milk producers and the average daily yield was just above one litre. These animals weresmall in size, predominantly solid brown in colour, with a straight forehead and face. These desi cattle share several qualitative and quantitative features with other varieties of cattle in Kerala, eventhough their geographic distribution was different.
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Bhandari, Thaneshwar. "Assessment of Government Policies, Farm Subsidies, and Agriculture Growth." State, Society and Development: PMPD Perspectives, September 8, 2023, 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ssd.v1i1.58475.
Full textAbstract:
Political ideology serves as the nexus that intertwines various aspects of farming policy formulation, subsidy distribution, foreign grants, and the growth rate of the agricultural sector. This article takes a comprehensive look at the intricate relationship between People’s Multiparty Democracy (PMPD) and the development of farmer-centric policy formulation, the different types of farm subsidies, and their allocation. This examination is conducted by evaluating the various categories of agricultural funding projects and their outcomes, as well as analyzing the performance of the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP). The descriptive findings of this study illuminate the direct influence of PMPD in shaping pro-farmer policy formulations. Farmers have been benefiting from moderate-level input subsidies designed to facilitate the acquisition of capital assets for the promotion of agricultural technology. These subsidies are sourced from both regular government funds and donor-supported initiatives that have been executed over varying periods. The average subsidy rate remains below 50%, contingent upon its intended purpose. Despite the positive political support, the AGDP has consistently hovered around the 3% mark throughout different development plans. It’s worth noting that not only PMPD but also other political paradigms such as the Panchayat system or multi-party democracy have significantly propelled economic growth. This underscores the need for renewed endeavors to leverage farmer’s equity funds, the government’s routine budget, loans, and grant funds. This study recommends the establishment of a collaborative platform involving farmers, the government, financial institutions, and donors, to successfully execute a growth-oriented business plan. Additionally, the study strongly advocates for three major investments: the establishment of fertilizer manufacturing facilities, hybrid seed production projects, and the creation of a resource center. These investments are crucial for the enhancement of key agricultural value chains.