Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Performance ecosystem'
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Al-Dalky, Rami Yousef Hasan HASAN. "ISSUES IN SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE DNS ECOSYSTEM." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1567118673903965.
Full textGriffiths, Laura L. "Identifying Gaps in the Performance of Coastal Ecosystem Management." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/414276.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Yang, J. "The performance ecosystem : a model for music composition through real-time, interactive performance systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.677856.
Full textMazer, Cherie. "An Evaluation of the Iowa State University Ecosystem." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6319.
Full textEd.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education
Sousa, Dannylo Oliveira de. "Alteration of fiber digestibility for ruminants: effects on intake, performance, and ruminal ecosystem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-18102017-124955/.
Full textO efeito do aumento da digestibilidade da fibra detergente neutro (DFDN) da silagem de cana-de-açúcar sobre consumo, cinética e metabolismo ruminal, população microbiana, desempenho e características de carcaça de bovinos de corte foram avaliados através de dois experimentos. No experimento de metabolismo, oito novilhos Nelore canulados no rúmen foram utilizados em delineamento experimental com dois quadrados latinos 4×4 contemporâneos. No experimento de desempenho, quarenta e oito novilhos nelore foram usados em delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados com arranjo de tratamento em fatorial 2×2. Dois genótipos de cana-de-açúcar com alta e baixa-DFDN colhidos para ensilagem em dois estágios de maturidade (2 genótipos e 2 estágios de maturidade). As dietas foram formuladas contendo 40% de silagem de cana-de-açúcar na matéria seca. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) foi limitado pela via metabólica. O CMS dos novilhos canulados no rúmen foi reduzido quando foram alimentados com a cana-de-açúcar colhida na maturidade tardia, mas somente para o genótipo de baixa-DFDN. A taxa de passagem e o turnover de FDN foram acelerados quando o genótipo de alta-DFDN foi fornecido. O pool ruminal de MS, FDN e FDNi foram maiores para as dietas contendo o genótipo de baixa-DFDN. Houve tendência para maior população relativa de F. succinogenes e R. albus quando os animais foram alimentado com dietas contendo o genótipo de baixa-DFDN. O desempenho e as características de carcaça não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. O excesso de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e os produtos de fermentação das silagens podem limitar o consumo pela via metabólica. O genótipo de alta-DFDN pode acelerar a taxa de passagem e o turnover de FDN no rúmen. O CMS pode ser reduzido quando o genótipo de baixa-DFDN é colhido para ensilagem com maturidade tardia. O feito da suplementação com levedura viva (LV - Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077) sobre a digestibilidade in situ, fermentação ruminal e população de bactérias celulolíticas no rúmen de bovinos Nelore em pastejo foi avaliado ao longo de um ano. Oito novilhos canulados no rúmen foram usados em arranjo fatorial 2×4: com ou sem LV e quantro estações do ano. O tratamento com LV foi realizado diariamente para promover uma suplementação de 8x109 UFC por animal. Os animais foram mantidos em sistema de pastejo rotativo com suplementação mineral. A cada 45 dias, foi realizada a degradação de FDN n situ de 5 forragens referencia, determinada após 24 e 48h de incubação ruminal. O fluido ruminal foi coletado para avaliar a contagem de leveduras e os parâmetros de fermentação, e ainda para a quantificação de bactérias celulolíticas por PCR. Mesmo com grande variação da qualidade do pasto ao longo do ano, não foi observado interação entre LV*estação do ano. A suplementação com LV aumentou a degradabilidade da FDN em todas as estações do ano. Entre as quatro bactérias ruminais avaliadas, a R. flavefaciens foi a mais prevalente e o tratamento com LV aumentou sua população relativa no verão e na primavera. A suplementação com LV pode beneficiar bactérias degradadoras de FDN e aumentar a digestibilidade ruminal de fibra em animais em pastejo, independentemente da estação do ano.
BERTI, FRANCESCA. "Technical change and digital transformation. Firms’ performance and behavior in an innovation ecosystem." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/291117.
Full textThe aim of this research is to explore, through four different papers, the impact of Digital Transformation on behaviour and performance of innovative firms, especially small and medium- sized companies (SMEs). In the first paper, I tried to provide a brief excursus, through the most relevant literature review, on the mechanisms underlying firms’ value creation processes in a Digital Transformation environment, especially from a dynamic capabilities’ perspective. Therefore, it has been proved that digital technologies such as IoT, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, albeit their numerous benefits, are able to provide just a little contribution to the firms’ value creation if not supported by a diversified set of managerial and organizational skills. In line with this, I tried to go beyond the technology-centric perspective of Digital Transformation, emphasizing instead the actor-driven organizational transformation of capabilities, both from a supply-side (digital solution providers) and a demand-side perspective (SMEs). In my second paper, I carried on an empirical regional analysis to provide a preliminary qualitative investigation of the role played by 3D-printing (3DP) technology in the Italian manufacturing environment. It is shown that specific 3DP’s benefits can significantly influence the firms’ 3DP adoption behaviour. Moreover, it is demonstrated, through a multiple-case study analysis, how the perception of Italian manufacturing firms about their own innovation level is, most of time, not in line with their real level of innovativeness. Thereafter, in my third paper, I tried to extend the focus of my research on a national level by designing a richer web-survey, based on the last OECD guidelines to identify, in a quantitative way, the main business capabilities impacting on the performance of Italian SMEs with a strong innovation component. The results obtained turned out to be perfectly in line with the relevant literature abovementioned in terms of the crucial role played by dynamic managerial capabilities and intangibles assets on firms’ innovation performance. Finally, in my last research essay, I moved my analysis on an international level, by exploring the mechanisms underlining the effects of the Digital Transformation on system integrators’ performance. Compared to the second and third papers where I analysed the phenomenon of interest by a demand-side perspective, in this last analysis it is adopted a supply-side point of view, focusing on the crucial role played by the organizational capabilities in system integrators’ performance improvement. The results support all the foregoing findings and provide new interesting insights on the effects of Digital Transformation in the business context.
Abrahamson, Ilana. "ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF SAMPLING DESIGNS FOR MEASURING ABUNDANCE OF UNDERSTORY PLANTS AFTER FOREST RESTORATION." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05292009-123224/.
Full textBeltrand, Maeva Mereana Marion. "The effects of the macroalga Gracilaria gracilis and increasing temperatures on the performance of the endemic Cape eelgrass Zostera capensis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27537.
Full textBryant, Paul James. "Expanding the Build and Execute Environment to Streamline Containerized Workflows in a High Performance Computing Ecosystem." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1543504875783791.
Full textFreitas, Junior José Carlos da Silva. "The relationship between digital capabilities and digital business performance." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184955.
Full textThis research presents a study of digital capabilities in order to better understand these capabilities and the impact of these digital capabilities on digital business performance. The literature indicates that digital capabilities is a critical foundation from which digital business can transform the customer experience, operational processes, and business models. From the theoretical study of these capabilities emerged the following research questions: what are the Digital Capabilities that are related to digital business performance? And, what is the impact of digital capabilities on digital business performance? To answer these questions, the following general objectives were elaborated: to understand what are the digital capabilities that are related to digital business performance, and to measure the impact of digital capabilities on digital business performance. Then research started and is presented in here in four articles that have been developed in sequence in order to answer the research question. So, the first step was a systematic review that was developed in order to understand the digital capabilities state of the art. This research is presented in article 1. In the sequence, qualitative studies were developed, with interviews and case studies presented in article 2 and 3. The second paper examines digital capabilities and their role in the digital business performance. We could better understand the digital capabilities, but it was noticed that ecosystem capability needed more studies as it is a new and fundamental theme for understanding the impact of digital capabilities on the performance of the digital business. So, the third paper was developed to understand the relationship between ecosystems and digital business value. Finally, the research model was adjusted, and a survey was carried out in order to measure the impact of digital capabilities on the performance of the digital business, which is presented in article 4. Finally, it was possible to understand that a digital business should develop digital capabilities in order to be capable of monitoring, being responsive, having efficient digital process and able to belong to other ecosystems what will lead to a improve the digital business performance. In addition, the primary results indicate that responsiveness is a crucial capability that makes a significant impact on digital business performance.
Granhed, Anna, and Hanna Söderlund. "The Paradox of User Perceived Performance : An Empirical Study on User Experience in a Digital Platform Ecosystem." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300895.
Full textAnvändarupplevelse är idag ett välkänt men komplext fenomen. Marknaden för mobila applikationer karaktäriseras av hård konkurrens och höga krav från användarna där tidigare studier har fastställt att prestanda-attribut har betydelse för användarupplevelsen. Det finns däremot begränsad empirisk litteratur kring hur prestanda uppfattas av användarna och effekterna på användarupplevelsen. Det är inom detta område som denna uppsats syftar till att bidra med kunskap. Detta genom att undersöka och besvara den formulerade forskningsfrågan: I vilken utsträckning påverkar start-prestandan användarupplevelsen för en mobilapplikation? Genom att använda en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder, syftar studien till att öka förståelsen kring hur användare av mobila applikationer uppfattar prestanda. Den kvantitativa studien undersöker vilka proxy-variabler som påverkar starttiden för en mobilapplikation. Den kvalitativa studien syftar följaktligen till att utvärdera hur användare uppfattar starttiden för en mobilapplikation med hänsyn till externa faktorer och dess effekt på användarupplevelsen.
Batten, Katharine Margaret. "Plant invasion and the soil microbial community : interactions and implications for native plant performance and ecosystem function /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textMondière, Aymeric. "Performance environnementale de fermes d'élevage favorisant la biodiversité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARC166.
Full textBiodiversity loss is one of the issues challenging the current livestock production model. Livestock systems that use ecological processes rather than inputs can reverse biodiversity loss, but what are their environmental and productive performances? Livestock production systems have environmental impacts due to resource consumption, land use and pollutant emissions, affecting biodiversity, which supports the supply of ecosystem services (ES). Environmental impacts, biodiversity and ES are thus three key dimensions of environmental performance. This thesis aimed to (1) analyse methods for assessing environmental performance, combine them and apply them to contrasting livestock systems in order to (2)quantify the systems’ environmental performance. Life cycle assessment of these systems identified different relations between productivity and impacts, with low productivity and good energy efficiency of livestock systems aiming at biodiversity restoration. Adapting and applying a combination of methods assessed the degree of wildness and its influence on the biodiversity of the systems studied. Finally, given the importance of permanent grasslands in the systems studied, a method to assess ES provided by these areas was developed and applied. Applying these methods allowed environmental impacts, biodiversity and ES to be considered in order to assess the environmental performance of the systems studied
Deutsch, Lisa. "Global trade, food production and ecosystem support : Making the interactions visible." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Institutionen för systemekologi, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-232.
Full textSchmidtke, Andrea. "Biodiversity effects on the performance of terrestrial plant and phytoplankton communities." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3893/.
Full textTo date, positive relationships between diversity and community biomass have been mainly found, especially in terrestrial ecosystems due to the complementarity and/or dominance effect. In this thesis, the effect of diversity on the performance of terrestrial plant and phytoplankton communities was investigated to get a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning context. In a large grassland biodiversity experiment, the Jena Experiment, the effect of community diversity on the individual plant performance was investigated for all species. The species pool consisted of 60 plant species belonging to 4 functional groups (grasses, small herbs, tall herbs, legumes). The experiment included 82 large plots which differed in species richness (1-60), functional richness (1-4), and community composition. Individual plant height increased with increasing species richness suggesting stronger competition for light in more diverse communities. The aboveground biomass of the individual plants decreased with increasing species richness indicating stronger competition in more species-rich communities. Moreover, in more species-rich communities plant individuals were less likely to flower out and had fewer inflorescences which may be resulting from a trade-off between resource allocation to vegetative height growth and to reproduction. Responses to changing species richness differed strongly between functional groups and between species of similar functional groups. To conclude, individual plant performance can largely depend on the diversity of the surrounding community. Positive diversity effects on biomass have been mainly found for substrate-bound plant communities. Therefore, the effect of diversity on the community biomass of phytoplankton was studied using microcosms. The communities consisted of 8 algal species belonging to 4 functional groups (green algae, diatoms, cyanobacteria, phytoflagellates) and were grown at different functional richness levels (1-4). Functional richness and community biomass were negatively correlated and all community biomasses were lower than their average monoculture biomasses of the component species, revealing community underyielding. This was mainly caused by the dominance of a fast-growing species which built up low biomasses in monoculture and mixture. A trade-off between biomass and growth rate in monoculture was found for all species, and thus fast-growing species built up low biomasses and slow-growing species reached high biomasses in monoculture. As the fast-growing, low-productive species monopolised nutrients in the mixtures, they became the dominant species resulting in the observed community underyielding. These findings suggest community overyielding when biomasses of the component species are positively correlated with their growth rates in monocultures. Aquatic microcosm experiments with an extensive design were performed to get a broad range of community responses. The phytoplankton communities differed in species diversity (1, 2, 4, 8, and 12), functional diversity (1, 2, 3, and 4) and community composition. The species/functional diversity positively affected community biomass, revealing overyielding in most of the communities. This was mainly caused by a positive complementarity effect which can be attributed to resource use complementarity and/or facilitative interaction among the species. Overyielding of more diverse communities occurred when the biomass of the component species was correlated positively with their growth rates in monoculture and thus, fast-growing and high-productive species were dominant in mixtures. This and the study mentioned above generated an emergent pattern for community overyielding and underyielding from the relationship between biomass and growth rate in monoculture as long as the initial community structure prevailed. Invasive species can largely affect ecosystem processes, whereas invasion is also influenced by diversity. To date, studies revealed negative and positive diversity effects on the invasibility (susceptibility of a community to the invasion by new species). The effect of productivity (nutrient concentration ranging from 10 to 640 µg P L-1), herbivory (presence/absence of the generalist feeder) and diversity (3, 4, 6 species were randomly chosen from the resident species pool) on the invasibility of phytoplankton communities consisting of 10 resident species was investigated using semi-continuous microcosms. Two functionally diverse invaders were chosen: the filamentous and less-edible cynaobacterium C. raciborskii and the unicellular and well-edible phytoflagellate Cryptomonas sp. The phytoflagellate indirectly benefited from grazing pressure of herbivores whereas C. raciborskii suffered more from it. Diversity did not affect the invasibility of the phytoplankton communities. Rather, it was strongly influenced by the functional traits of the resident and invasive species.
Tanrikulu, Melda. "Environmental Performance Of Urban Patterns In Terms Of Their Ecological Footprint." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611907/index.pdf.
Full textfirst century, nearly three billion people, half of total population of the world, live in cities. It is estimated that in the forthcoming twenty&ndash
five years, two billion more people will settle in urban lands. Essentially most of these devastating changes will occur in developing countries, both in terms of the total global urban population as well as increased percentage of the individual country&rsquo
s population living in urban areas. For many developing countries, the urban population is already large. Further increases in size and rates of growth will no doubt stress already impacted environments and living quality. All cities, however, are not impacting the ecology of the world similarly. On the one hand, developed cities have mostly cope with their environmental problems regarded as traditional
concern has focused to their impacts on ecosystems as well as those larger in scale. Cities in the developing world are more concerned with other issues. However, it is not only the development level of countries but the urban planning and development tendencies of their cities impacting the environment differently should be considered, which comprehensively shows us environmental performance of urban patterns. Environmental performance basically refers to the abilities and capabilities of urban patterns to mitigate their impacts on environment and ecology of the world and to cope with the negative of all. As an indicator of environmental performance of urban patterns, ecological footprints, its reasons and long term effects should be specified as inseparable part of urban development and inevitably ecological footprints of different urban patterns and their effects on climate change should be concerned while taking planning and development decisions for urban areas. The basic purpose of the thesis is to specify the environmental performance of different urban patterns in terms of their ecological footprints through defining the relationship between implications of urban patterns and their contributions to the ecological footprint.
Grönlund, Müller Molly. "The Price of Protecting Forests : Assessing REDD+ Performance in Collaborative Governance in Vietnam." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162524.
Full textTheodoraki, Christina. "Pour une approche écosystémique de la stratégie et la performance des incubateurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD033.
Full textThis thesis is at the intersection of entrepreneurship and strategic management. It contributes to the emergence of a new theoretical steam inspired by the ecosystem approach and which aims to better understand the role of the context on the entrepreneurial dynamics. Its objective is more precisely a better understanding of incubator strategies in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. This research also addresses the relationship between these strategies and the incubators performance. The thesis by publication is structured around four articles and is based on a mixed sequential methodology combining qualitative and quantitative methods. A qualitative study was carried out among 48 actors in the entrepreneurial support ecosystem in the South of France. This research was extended by a quantitative survey conducted at the national level, collecting 156 questionnaires from incubator managers. The major conceptual contribution carries on a theorization of the entrepreneurial ecosystem based on multilevel approach and social capital theory. In addition, it provides a holistic view of incubator strategies by focusing on a co-opetition approach. Finally, it allows to test the link between the ecosystem, the strategy and the performance. Our results show positive effects of the co-opetition strategy on performance. Implementation of this strategy appears to be one of the conditions for building a sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem. Implications and recommendations are formulated, leading in particular to the elaboration of a strategic action plan for the actors of the entrepreneurial ecosystem
Ivenso, Chantal I. "Enhancing the Strategic Environmental Assessment Process: An Investigation of the Performance of Buffer Strip Scenarios." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin157356989053312.
Full textSolomon, Mariaan. "The relative performance of surrogate measures for viable populations." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12062006-130505/.
Full textSetti, Andrea. "Science-Based firm performance and growth." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3030.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical and empirical framework on growth and development and offers elements and tools necessary to improve the understanding of the growth dynamics of SBFs. Throughout this thesis, emphasis has been placed on the study of SBFs dynamics related to their performances and growth. Prior further investigation, through the analysis of the main taxonomical contributions, a comprehensive definition of Science-Based Firms (SBFs) is formulated which incorporates the consideration that these ventures seek the application of scientific knowledge and technological skills to commercialize products at the core of their activities. Applying the above mentioned definition, a first study was performed with the double objective to provide an updated, state-of-the-art picture of the SBFs and to critically examine the adoption of SBFs’ performance determinants in order to be able to better comprehend the way in which SBFs’ performances have been approached and suggest future directions in terms of focus of studies and methodological approaches. Results show that studies concentrate on firm-specific dimensions succeeding in some situations to explain SBFs’ performances and in many other cases contradicting results emerged. In general, in the investigation, was outlined how the study of SBFs’ performances, is still widely underdeveloped and indicators related to innovation capabilities and knowledge management such as innovation developments, technology development or knowledge transfer, seem more appropriate to infer the peculiarity of these firms. Moreover, from the findings emerged the necessity to adopt a holistic approach considering broader dimensions proposed for example by ecosystem theories. Following a holistic methodology, an explorative study was conducted in the area of Lyon, France, adopting the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (EE) approach. Thanks to the retrospectivity adopted, in this study was possible to underline the relationships underpinning between the elements of the ecosystem and New Science-Based Firms (NSBFs). Findings show that institutions coordinated and focused on the main capabilities and excellence of the area make an extraordinary contribution to the establishing of new companies. In general results show that the EE can be a consistent theoretical construct, especially during the first stage of NSBF’s development. However, looking at the whole process of SBF creation, three elements stand out: government, university and investors, incorporating the lineages of the so-called triple-helix approach applied in most modern knowledge-based societies. The area of Lyon represents a successful application of this model, opening the debate on the analysis that at first, to understand SBFs’ dynamics, a macro look at the institutional configuration is needed. For the previous reasons, the focus of the investigation shift from micro and meso level to macro level in the third investigation. The last step of the dissertation research focused its attention on the Italian triple-helix model for the science-based industry. Collecting interviews among the most representative Italian institutions supporting SBFs and collecting precious insights among Italian SBFs, both established and nascent, a comprehensive understanding on “what went wrong” situation is shown providing insights into the relationship dynamics that did not occur to make the innovation system work efficiently. Moreover, possible streams for future researches and suggestion for policy makers are provided. In general, this dissertation provided advancements for the understanding of SBFs’ growth dynamics providing fresh insights for academics and policy makers in designing future studies and policies
Häubner, Norbert. "Dynamics of astaxanthin, tocopherol (Vitamin E) and thiamine (Vitamin B1) in the Baltic Sea ecosystem : Bottom-up effects in an aquatic food web." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekologisk botanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130143.
Full textLiubachyna, Anna. "State forest management organizations in the EU: current performance and future trends." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423271.
Full textLe istituzioni pubbliche sono proprietarie della maggior parte delle foreste e delle altre aree boscate del mondo, circa l’86%. Esistono tuttavia importanti differenze a livello regionale nella proporzione tra proprietà statali, private o comunali. Studi europei nel settore forestale mostrano che quasi la metà delle foreste dell'Unione europea (UE) sono di proprietà pubblica - circa il 42%. Considerando l'importanza delle risorse forestali, è essenziale assicurarne un uso sostenibile. I governi nazionali e diversi accordi intergovernativi regolamentano l'utilizzo delle risorse forestali, tuttavia, sono i gestori forestali che hanno la più alta responsabilità sullo sfruttamento delle risorse forestali. Tenendo presente la struttura fondiaria delle foreste europee, le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali hanno un ruolo importante nella gestione delle risorse forestali. Questa importanza è giustificata dagli impegni globali che hanno assunto e, naturalmente, dalle numerose risorse a disposizione e dall’influenza che hanno sugli stakeholder. Il futuro delle foreste e della gestione forestale dipende quindi fortemente dalla direzione di sviluppo delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali. Il settore forestale ha subito enormi cambiamenti negli ultimi decenni, ma le istituzioni forestali di molti paesi sono state lente ad adattarsi a questi cambiamenti. I cambiamenti nel settore forestale normalmente non sono rapidi e sicuramente sono più lenti che in altri settori. Le ragioni principali per spiegare questo sono diverse. In primo luogo, gli investimenti forestali possono richiedere diverse generazioni per produrre ritorni d’investimento. In secondo luogo, i forestali sono generalmente conservatori, sentendosi più a proprio agio con la botanica forestale piuttosto che con le questioni sociali che prevalgono il settore oggi. Pertanto, mentre le esigenze e le aspettative della società sono cambiate, la struttura della maggior parte dei dipartimenti forestali è rimasta sostanzialmente invariata. Nonostante l’approccio conservativo della maggior parte dei dipartimenti forestali, numerose modifiche hanno avuto luogo nel settore. Agrawal, Chhatre e Hardin (2008) affermano che le principali caratteristiche di una moderna governance forestale includono il decentramento della gestione, concessioni di taglio in foreste pubbliche di alto valore commerciale e la certificazione forestale, soprattutto nelle foreste temperate del mondo sviluppato, oltre alla privatizzazione delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali. In aggiunta, l'aumento del costo del lavoro e la diminuzione dei prezzi del legname hanno costretto il settore a intraprendere una radicale razionalizzazione dei processi produttivi, risultata in intensa meccanizzazione delle utilizzazioni e della riduzione del personale. Nonostante l'importanza delle foreste statali e dei cambiamenti che sta vivendo, c'è una scarsa letteratura scientifica sulla gestione delle foreste statali, e questa mancanza è particolarmente riscontrabile in Europa. Pertanto, questo lavoro mira a contribuire alla riduzione del divario conoscitivo sul tema chiarendo il ruolo delle foreste statali nei paesi dell'UE, il suo status, le tendenze, le sfide e le opportunità. Il lavoro si basa su una combinazione di metodi qualitativi e quantitativi, tra cui una revisione del sistema di reporting, l'analisi quantitativa e qualitativa dei dati, la Principal Component Analysis, l'analisi dei cluster e casi studio. Il capitolo II della tesi esamina il sistema di reporting delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali. Questo capitolo esplora come le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali riportano le loro attività, quali informazioni sono disponibili e il modo in cui le presentano al pubblico. Pertanto, anche le questioni della trasparenza e della responsabilità delle organizzazioni statali sono incluse. Il capitolo III tenta di raggruppare le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali dell'UE in base alle loro priorità e vedere se sono influenzate dalle caratteristiche del settore forestale dei loro paesi. L'esistenza di diverse alternative di gestione forestale è essenziale per una Gestione Forestale Sostenibile e questa conoscenza dovrebbe essere condivisa tra esperti forestali, industria e gruppi di interesse. Il capitolo IV presenta una discussione sul modello di gestione della foresta di Cansiglio in Italia (foresta di proprietà pubblica) come caso di studio. In questo caso, sono analizzate le principali priorità gestionali, i risultati e le direzioni future. Dai principali risultati sulla divulgazione di informazioni delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali, emerge la mancanza di un quadro di reporting coordinato o di uno standard minimo di indicatori di uso comune. La comparabilità tra le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali è tuttavia limitata a causa dei differenti indicatori, periodi e unità di misura. Un altro aspetto importante della tesi è la sintesi comparativa di diversi modelli di gestione delle organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali; si può osservare che i paesi in esame mostrano un'applicazione di diverse priorità di gestione e le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali applicano diverse strategie di business. Con l'aiuto dell'analisi cluster abbiamo ottenuto tre cluster (C1, C2 e C3) e tre outliers (O1, O2 e O3). I cluster presentano diversi approcci che le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali usano per le priorità dei pilastri della Gestione Forestale Sostenibile: C1 ha obiettivi diversificati, C2 si comporta come protettore di interessi pubblici e C3 è commerciale. Questa divisione è in parte definita dalle condizioni naturali del paese in cui si trovano le organizzazioni, ma anche dalle decisioni dell’organizzazione stessa (ad esempio, da un lato, in Irlanda è orientata al profitto in un paese con una bassa copertura forestale, dall'altro, in Repubblica Ceca, l’organizzazione di gestione delle foreste demaniali è orientata al profitto in un paese con invece un'alta copertura forestale). Il caso studio (foresta del Cansiglio in Italia, regione Veneto) presenta un modello di gestione di una foresta pubblica con traguardi specifici e una prospettiva di sviluppo per i prossimi 5-10 anni. La foresta del Cansiglio si pone diversi obiettivi per la produzione di legname e la fornitura di servizi sociali. Una particolare attenzione è rivolta alle attività ricreative in quanto vi si è creata una crescente domanda da parte della società per l'ecoturismo e la ricreazione all'aperto. La gestione della foresta viene eseguita dall'amministrazione regionale insieme ad alcuni gestori privati (ad esempio concessionari, imprese boschive). Tra i quattro scenari presentati, il quarto scenario "Concessioni forestali a lungo termine firmate da imprese private" è stato valutato come il più promettente. Per concludere, le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali in Europa hanno adottato diversi modelli organizzativi nella loro gestione. Tuttavia, hanno delle tendenze comuni. Tra i più notevoli sono le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali (i) che sono posseduti dallo Stato ma che funzionano come unità privata; (ii) la maggior parte delle quali decide di separare le funzioni di supervisione e di gestione tra le varie istituzioni; (iii) che spesso impegnano l'aiuto di società private per svolgere alcune attività; (iv) che aumentano l'attenzione sul pilastro ambientale e sociale di gestione sostenibile delle foreste; (v) che hanno un basso livello di divulgazione di informazioni. Le prioritarie raccomandazioni per le organizzazioni di gestione delle foreste demaniali sono due: la necessità di ottimizzare l'equilibrio tra i tre pilastri di gestione sostenibile delle foreste (sociale, economico e ecologico) e di migliorare i propri sistemi di comunicazione con il pubblico.
Bonaventura, Moreno. "Shortest paths to success : network indicators of performance in innovation ecosystems." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24555.
Full textKreiling, Laura. "Intermediaries in innovation ecosystems. Delineating practices and context of European Knowledge Transfer Organisations University technology transfer organizations: Roles adopted in response to their regional innovation system stakeholders A practice-based maturity model for holistic TTO performance management: development and initial use A European clustering study with Knowledge Transfer Office DNA." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS025.
Full textThis thesis research is on intermediary organisations for the transfer of knowledge and technology from academia to industry in innovation ecosystems. Managerial practices and regional context of European Knowledge Transfer Organisations (KTOs) are investigated to enrich the understanding of their managerial determinants. A systemic approach is adopted resulting in research on multiple analytical levels. Consequently, the empirical part of this thesis consists of three studies.The first is on the regional context and analyses the influence of actors in the regional innovation system. Based on interviews at French regional KTOs and stakeholder theory, a theoretical model on their value creation ambidexterity is created and seven regional stakeholders identified, as well as six organisational roles which are adopted in response.The second study is on the internal managerial practices and investigates their maturity in relation to other KTO performance dimensions using dynamic capabilities and contingency theory. It results in the development and initial use of a holistic practice-based maturity model for KTO performance management. Initial data from 17 European KTOs shows that maturity is highest in the area of ‘translation & combination’ practices and lowest for ‘knowledge management’.The third study uses reference group and benchmarking theory to develop a clustering approach for the comparison of similar European KTOs based on existing activity metrics. A framework is proposed based on which transnational European peer groups are created with a clustering approach. Variables related to the internal knowledge transfer culture primarily drove cluster creation, followed by the external ecosystem and KTO budget.In conclusion, the research findings shed light on emerging topics in the university-industry knowledge transfer literature, particularly on the existence and influence of regional stakeholders, the role of capabilities and practices in performance management and the ability to not only create transnational groups for benchmarking and bench-learning but also visibility on the variables that drive cluster creation. This has managerial and policy implications as well as provides fertile ground for future research on management at the intersection of academia and industry
Büssenschütt, Martin. "Pattern and performance : on the modeling of self-organized behavior in ecosystems /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12393.
Full textCouedel, Antoine. "Analysis of performances of crucifers-legumes cover crop mixtures to provide multiple-ecosystem services." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0097/document.
Full textMulti-services cover crops (MSCC) grown during fallow period between two cash crops provide various ecosystem services. Among species used as MSCC, crucifers can efficiently prevent nitrate and sulphate leaching by catching residual soil mineral nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) afterthe preceding cash crop (N and S catch crop services). Crucifers also have a unique capacity to suppress pathogens due to the biocidal hydrolysis products of endogenous secondary metabolites called glucosinolates (GSL). The aim of our study was to assess the provision of various ecosystem services linked to N, S cycles and biocontrol potential for a wide range of bispecific crucifer-legume mixtures in comparison to sole cover crops of legume and crucifer. We carried out experiments in 2 contrasted sites (Toulouse and Orléans regions, France) during 2 years in order to assess these services and the compatibility of various bi-specific crucifer-legume mixtures. We tested a great diversity of species, such as i) crucifers : rape, white mustard, Indian mustard, Ethiopian mustard, turnip, turnip rape, radish and rocket, and ii) legumes: Egyptian clover, crimson clover, common vetch, purple vetch, hairy vetch, pea, soya bean, faba bean, and white lupin. Our study demonstrated that crucifer-legume mixtures can provide and mutualize various ecosystem services by reaching from 2 thirds (GSL production, S and N green manure) to the same level ofservice (N and S catch crop) than the best sole family of species. GSL profile and concentration did not change in mixtures meaning that crucifer-pests interactions were identical. Through a literature review we also illustrated that biocontrol services of crucifers could be largely maintained in crucifer-legume mixtures for a wide range of pathogens and weeds while reducing potential disservices on beneficials and increasing N related service
Persson, Josefine. "Is predation performance of Pike (Esox lucius) affected by Oxazepam exposure?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108513.
Full textMånsson, Fredrik, and Norbert Linhart. "Avoiding the Service Paradox : A Capability-Based Framework for Sustained Financial Performance in Triadic Service Ecosystems." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85337.
Full textDenna avhandling syftar till att bidra till den aktuella litteraturen genom att undersöka orsakerna till tjänsteparadoxen i tjänsteekosystem och de färdigheter som krävs för att undvika dem. För att uppfylla detta syfte formulerades följande forskningsfrågor: RQ 1: Vilka är de möjliga huvudorsakerna till tjänsteparadoxen för integrerade lösningsleverantörer i en triadisk värdekonstellation? RQ 2: Vilka nyckelfunktioner gör det möjligt för integrerade lösningsleverantörer att undvika tjänsteparadoxen i en triadisk värdekonstellation? För att besvara dessa frågor använde vi oss av en undersökande, kvalitativ, enfallsstudie av ett tjänsteekosystem, med en abduktiv forskningsmetod. Totalt deltog 13 företag inom ekosystemet och data samlades in genom fem ostrukturerade intervjuer, 19 semistrukturerade intervjuer och en workshop. Intervjusvaren analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys och resultaten presenteras i tre delar. För det första identifierade vi fyra huvudorsaker till tjänsteparadoxen för integrerade lösningsleverantörer i en triadisk värdekonstellation. De fyra huvudorsakerna är: (1) Smygande kostnader, (2) Ohållbara interna kostnader, (3) Varumärkesskador och (4) Branschspecifika faktorer. För det andra identifierade vi fem nyckelfärdigheter för integrerade lösningsleverantörer för att motverka tjänsteparadoxen. De fem nyckelfärdigheterna är: (1) Relationskapacitet, (2) teknisk kapacitet, (3) inlärnings- och kommunikationskapacitet, (4) operativ kapacitet och (5) marknadskapacitet. Slutligen kombinerades de två tidigare resultaten till ett ramverk som ger en vägledning för vilken nyckelfunktionerna minskar vilka viktiga orsaker. Denna studie bidrar till aktuell tjänstefieringslitteratur genom att fördjupa kunskapen om faktorer som påverkar framgången för tjänstefieringsinsatser. Vidare utökar denna studie kunskapen om hur ett dynamiskt och samarbetsinriktat förhållningssätt påverkar utvecklingen av nya tjänstefieringslösningar. För utövare som försöker utveckla integrerade lösningserbjudanden ger ramverket som utvecklats i denna studie en lista över prioriteringar för tjänstefieringsarbetet. Ramverket gör det också möjligt för chefer att utvärdera sin egen tjänstefieringsprocess och vidta relevanta åtgärder för att undvika tjänsteparadoxen.
Nxusa, Ntombizodwa. "An ecosystemic approach to supporting learners orphaned by HIV/AIDS / Ntombizodwa Nxusa." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3114.
Full textThesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.
Piepenbrock, Theodore F. (Theodore Frederick) 1965. "Toward a theory of the evolution of business ecosystems : enterprise architectures, competitive dynamics, firm performance & industrial co-evolution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57976.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 4, p. 698-745).
This dissertation contributes toward the building of a theory of the evolution of business ecosystems. In the process, it addresses a question that has been posed by evolutionary theorists in the economics and sociology literatures for decades: "Why do firms in the same industry vary systematically in performance over time?" Seeking a systematic explanation of a longitudinal phenomenon inevitably requires characterizing the evolution of the industrial ecosystem, as both the organization (firm) and its environment (industry, markets and institutions) are co-evolving. This question is therefore explored via a theoretical sample in three industrial ecosystems covering manufacturing and service sectors, with competitors from the US, Europe and Japan: commercial airplanes, motor vehicles and airlines. The research is based primarily on an in depth seven-year, multi-level, multi-method, field-based case study of both firms in the large commercial airplanes industry mixed duopoly as well as the key stakeholders in their extended enterprises (i.e. customers, suppliers, investors and employees). This field work is supplemented with historical comparative analysis in all three industries, as well as nonlinear dynamic simulation models developed to capture the essential mechanisms governing the evolution of business ecosystems.
(cont.) A theoretical framework is developed which endogenously traces the co-evolution of firms and their industrial environments using their highest-level system properties of form, function and fitness (as reflected in the system sciences of morphology, physiology and ecology), and which embraces the evolutionary processes of variation, selection and retention. The framework captures the path-dependent evolution of heterogeneous populations of enterprise architectures engaged in symbiotic inter-species competition and posits the evolution of dominant designs in enterprise architectures that oscillate deterministically and chaotically between modular and integral states throughout an industry's life-cycle. Architectural innovation - at the extended enterprise level - is demonstrated to contribute to the failure of established firms, with causal mechanisms developed to explain tipping points.
by Theodore F. Piepenbrock.
Ph.D.
Hanumesh, Mithun. "Impact of ageing of green roof substrates on their hydrological and thermal performances." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0368.
Full textThe green roof system is a complex system that could be described by its “properties”, considering on the nature and physical, chemical, and thermal properties of its abiotic components (i.e., substrate and drainage layers) and on the other hand its biotic components (i.e., vegetation, spontaneous fauna, and microbiota). As in all biotic/abiotic systems, complex interactions happen. First, the external system—here described as “factors”—induces an ageing effect that results in the evolution of “properties” over time (e.g., rain may induce leaching of fine particles; cold temperature may alter the vegetation development). Moreover, interactions between abiotic and biotic components may also induce evolution of “properties” (e.g., plant litter may increase the organic matter content in the substrate; decrease of the substrate physico-chemical fertility can decrease the biomass production). Eventually, such inter-relations and interactions between all “factors” and “properties” can control the level of performances that could be submitted to changes over time. Though the system is complex, our approach sheds light on the potential of simplifying each Factor property performance relations and hence understanding the system evolution and performances better. This research need originated from the fact that most of the relevant studies conducted to date have neglected these temporal dynamics of green roof evolution and their high reactive technosol properties. This PhD aimed to reach a crossroad point between ageing -of inert materials and pedogenesis- that describes evolution of living media and to evaluate the performance evolution of green roof over time. To evaluate this, first, a meta-analysis was conducted whose main findings highlighted that most factors and properties have a positive influence on the performances of green roofs, showing there are many existing levers to enhance the green roof performances and tackle some of the main urban environmental issues. But, considering that these lists were far from exhaustive, it was noted that a huge potential in determining green roof performances remains unearthed. Thus, experiments were designed and conducted with the purpose to reproduce certain factors considered as influential (i.e. rain, vegetation and freeze/thaw alternation), under controlled conditions, on mesocosms of 3 different green roof substrates chosen based on composition and granulometry. Their substrate properties were monitored over time through self-designed artificial aging over a period of 2 months to mimic real time evolution. Our results showed evidence of early pedogenesis especially for the finer substrate. Depending on the substrate: i) vegetation stimulates or maintains microbiology; ii) rain modifies granulometry through leaching processes; iii) frost modifies granulometry through fractionation. There was also change in the poral structure thus modifying the water retention performance. Other than that, the changes in the performance of other studied properties seem more due to the temporal evolution rather than factorial based. It was also noted in monitoring of the reference samples which revealed: a decrease or increase in pH depending on the substrate, small variations in microbiology and in organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations. As a final step, in situ aged property evolution measurements from 7 substrates originating from two different sites of different ages and 3 different vegetation, revealed that the evolution is mainly driven by the age where the younger substrates (3 years) could be seen undergoing a rapid pedogenisis compared to the older substrates (10 years) whose evolution seem to have comparatively settled. Considering the results overall, it can be said that within the first years, the pedogenesis trajectories of green roof substrates are mostly dominated by the nature and composition of their parent materials. Then, after a while, the factors could take the lead
Scaliza, Janaina Aparecida Alves. "Inovação aberta, cultura organizacional e desempenho inovador : análise nos setores químico e de tecnologia de informação /." Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192736.
Full textResumo: Considerada como o elemento que une normas e conjuntos de valores, ideais sociais ou crenças compartilhadas pelos membros de uma organização, a Cultura Organizacional (CO) pode estimular a inovação, na medida em que influencia hábitos, valores e comportamentos. Há estudos que relacionam CO à inovação de forma integrada, porém, a literatura ainda apresenta gaps sobre a compreensão entre as diferentes formas de CO e suas relações com a adoção da Open Innovation (OI), que é definida como o uso intencional de parcerias externas e internas à organização, com o objetivo de desenvolver inovações. A OI pode ser analisada por seus fluxos, ou práticas, que são o inbound e outbound. A literatura tem indicado diversas dimensões de cultura organizacional e maneiras de compreendê-la, por exemplo, níveis como artefatos, valores e pressupostos, características de culturas nacionais e sua relação com a cultura organizacional ou análise dos elementos que colaboram com a inovação. Este trabalho utilizou o modelo proposto por Cameron e Quinn (2006), que por meio do questionário, nomeado como OCAI - Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument, busca classificar a cultura organizacional predominante das empresas, classificando-as como adhocráticas, clãs, de mercado ou hierárquicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como o tipo de cultura organizacional pode impactar o desempenho inovador, por meio das práticas de OI inbound e outbound e moderado pelo desempenho do ecossistema de negócios. Po... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Considered as the element that unites norms andsets of values, social ideals or beliefs shared by the members of an organization, Organizational Culture (CO) can stimulate innovation, insofar as it influences habits, values and behaviors. There are studies that relate CO to innovation in an integrated way, however, the literature still presents gaps on the understanding between the different forms of CO and their relationship with the adoption of Open Innovation (OI), which is defined as the intentional use of external partnerships and internal to the organization, with the aim of developing innovations. OI can be analyzed by its flows, or practices, which are inbound and outboundThe literature points out several dimensions of organizational culture and ways of understanding it, for example, levels such as artifacts, values and assumptions, characteristics of national cultures and their relationship with organizational culture or analysis of the elements that collaborate with innovation. This work used the model proposed by Cameron and Quinn (2009),which through a questionnaire, named as OCAI -Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument, seeks to classify the predominant organizational culture of companies, classifying them as adhocratic, clan, market or hierarchical. The aim of this study was to investigate how the organizational culture type can impact innovative performance, through inbound and outbound OI practices and moderated by the business ecosystemperformance.Throu... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Arbucias, Janaina Gameiro. "Melhoria da sustentabilidade pela aplicação do conceito de ecologia industrial: estudo de caso no setor eletro-eletrônico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-09122015-111132/.
Full textThe industrial development and the increasing pressure for more environmentally friendly processes, products and services led to new development paradigms, based on the three sustainability pillars, that essentially assure resource availability for the next generations. The need for making human systems part of the natural ecosystems and similar to natural environment is clearly stated. This approach, which is the basis of Industrial Ecology, aims to enhance industrial symbiosis cooperating to mitigate process or material loss. Industrial Ecology was the main concept used to improve sustainability at an electronic company, first applied to the industrial area in Brazil. The defined methodology followed the most important premises of Industrial Ecology aligned to the Integrated Management Systems which consists in the establishment of industrial ecosystems, performance evaluation through sustainability levers and the spread of information to stakeholders, by the development of a customized Industrial Ecology software, which also compares products with the simplified Life Cycle Assessment methodology, when it comes to the development of new products. Indeed, the case study has been conducted at a big enterprise and the similarities for Pollution Prevention implementation between the Brazilian facility and the European one were the most important features related to the microelectronics area. Regarding the Surface Mouting Technology area, this study has shown that unlike other segments, the end of pipe is still applied. The most relevant environmental impact is the generation of solid waste and therefore significant economic and environmental loss is easily observed. The Printed Circuit Board sector was also analyzed and the results showed that industrial ecosystems are not formalized but do exist for water and solid waste. Important issues were concluded such as the idea that even though big enterprises present principles, policy and sound management systems, the sustainability concept is not fully comprehensive and applied. The development of industrial ecosystems is considered one of the fundamental tools of industrial ecology. It is hard to establish them within the facilities 8 once the processes differ significantly. However, the creation of external ecosystems for metals and oils, leads to great benefit. It was possible to conclude that the Industrial Ecology concept tools used in the company did benefit its industrial sustainability because it allowed more efficient processes through the use of metrics, involved most of the employees and operations, favored better process standardization, enhance the systemic approach making the decision process easier once it is based on real time facts and it finally contributed to the adoption of methods, systems and procedures that enabled deep strategic change and as a consequence improved cultural change, which is one of the essential aspects of the sound sustainable development. Finally, it is suggested that Industrial Ecology be used as a fruitful metaphor for facilitating the improvement of sustainability. The tools developed in this study might be easily applied to any enterprise, independently of the level or production processes. Ecosystems
Knudsen, Christelle. "Stratégies de limitation de l'ingestion : optimisation des performances zootechniques, impacts physiologiques et conséquences sur la santé digestive." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0132/document.
Full textWith the reduction in antibiotic use new strategies are required in order to preserve animal health, particularly around weaning. In rabbit breading feed restriction strategies allow for the reduction of post-weaning digestive disorders and improve feed efficiency, but are inevitably responsible for a reduced growth and carcass yield at slaughter. This work aimed to optimize the growth performances and slaughter yield of restricted fed rabbits through a modulation of the dietary energy concentration and quality. The second objective of this work was to explain the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of feed restriction upon health and feed efficiency. We demonstrated that, under a restriction strategy, a diet rich in digestible energy increased growth (+2%), slaughter yield (+0.6 points) and feed efficiency (+11%), through an improved digestive efficiency, without penalizing the sanitary parameters. The reduced growth induced by feed restriction was however only partially compensated for (-3% in final weight compared to the ad libitum fed animals). A diet rich in starch induced a higher growth and slaughter yield and did not penalize the sanitary parameters under a restriction strategy. Feed restriction and, to a lesser extent, the dietary energy concentration, modulated the immune response through a reduced humoral response at the digestive (fecal IgA) and systemic (plasmatic IgA and IgG) levels without modifying the inflammatory response. The cecal microbial activity was modulated by the amount of feed ingested while the cecal bacterial community profile, diversity and richness were not affected by the feed intake level. However, the relative abundance of certain families (Eubacteriaceae, Peptococcaceae and Christensenellaceae) and generas demonstrated specific variations according to the feed intake level and the dietary energy concentration. These results indicate that the relationship between the physiological measurements and the beneficial effects of feed restriction upon health remain complex and suggest the implication of other metabolic parameters that weren't measured. Complementary work hypothesis must therefore be considered. This work however enabled us to establish the economic advantage of feed restriction strategies regardless of the sanitary status and demonstrated the beneficial effects of a high energy diet on growth parameters. Our study opens the door to new complementary research projects regarding the optimization of the feeding strategies through for instance the modulation of the restriction length and the dietary energy quality
CAVALCANTE, ADRIANA K. "Avaliação da ecotoxicidade do resveratrol no estágio embriolarval de peixes da espécie Danio rerio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28053.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T12:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
A busca pelo homem por uma vida saudável tem impulsionado pesquisas por novas substâncias capazes de atender tal desejo. O composto fenólico resveratrol (3, 4\', 5- trihidroxiestilbeno) é uma dessas substâncias que apresenta uma variedade de ações farmacológicas, como potencial antioxidante, capacidade antiinflamatória, proteção contra doenças cardíacas e câncer. Apesar dos inúmeros estudos sobre os benefícios do resveratrol à saúde, há poucos dados na literatura sobre sua toxicidade em organismos aquáticos, e principalmente sua concentração no ambiente, tornando o presente estudo fundamental para a contribuição de informações sobre a ecotoxicidade do resveratrol no ambiente aquático. O presente estudo avaliou a toxicidade do resveratrol em embriões e larvas de Danio rerio (zebrafish). Para isso foi realizado o ensaio in vitro de citotoxicidade do resveratrol, ensaios de ecotoxicidade e ensaio de biomarcadores enzimáticos. A avaliação do resveratrol por cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC) também foi realizada. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o índice de citotoxicidade (IC50), concentração do resveratrol que causou a morte de 50% das células da linhagem NCTC-L929 foi de 39 mg L-1. A concentração de resveratrol que causa mortalidade em 50% dos organismos expostos (CL50), nos ensaios de ecotoxicidade crônica de curta duração com larvas do peixe Danio rerio foi de 51,37 mg L-1. A CL50 obtida no ensaio de ecotoxicidade aguda no estágio embriolarval do peixe Danio rerio com 96 h de duração foi de 75,33 mg L-1 e a CL50 obtida no ensaio de ecotoxicidade aguda no estágio embriolarval do peixe Danio rerio com 168 h de duração foi de 50,87 mg L-1. Nas concentrações mais elevadas de resveratrol foram observadas deformidades em embriões e larvas. O resveratrol alterou as atividades das enzimas LDH e ChE no estágio embriolarval de Danio rerio. Na análise do resveratrol por HPLC não foi observado degradação do composto.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Stempfhuber, Barbara Hildegard Josefine [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Schloter, and Johannes [Gutachter] Kollmann. "Drivers for the performance of nitrifying organisms and their temporal and spatial interaction in grassland and forest ecosystems / Barbara Hildegard Josefine Stempfhuber ; Gutachter: Johannes Kollmann, Michael Schloter ; Betreuer: Michael Schloter." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113749148/34.
Full textYung, Loic. "Fonctionnement et performances du système agroforestier peuplier ortie en contexte de phytomanagement." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD026.
Full textContamination generates soil degradations and dysfunction, affecting many ecological function. Phytomanagement, which uses plants to extract, contain or degrade contaminants, represents a suitable solution for producing plant biomass while promoting the rehabilitation of these marginal lands. Recent approaches highlight the importance of plant associations to improve the efficiency of phytomanagement applications. This thesis focused on an innovative agroforestry system, combining stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) with a model plant for phytomanagement, poplars. Within poplar plantations, nettle offers new perspectives related to its ability to spontaneously develop at contaminated sites and to the quality of its plant fibre, which can be used for the manufacture of biomaterials.Based on two field trials conducted at trace metals (TM) contaminated sites and several scientific fields, the present work enables i) to better understand the functioning of this poplar-nettle agrosystem at the rhizospheric interface and its response to TM using environmental barcoding and a targeted metabolomics approaches, ii) to estimate its involvement in the ecological restoration of these sites through phytosociological and entomological studies and to determine the role of these communities on TM flows through an ecotoxicological approach, and finally iii) to evaluate and optimize the economic potential of this system through an agroecological approach. Finally, this thesis aims to be a reference work for future phytomanagement projects based on tree - nettle associations
Duchene, Olivier. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et performances d’une céréale vivace (Thinopyrum intermedium) : une alternative agroécologique pour les systèmes de grandes cultures d’Europe occidentale." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0025.
Full textGrowing perennial grains, yielding several years from one seeding, is suggested as a valuable option toward more agroecological systems, sustaining production and environmental goals. The Thinopyrum intermedium species is studied since it may offer significant grain yields while providing other important ecosystem services regarding soil conservation and natural resources protection. The multifunctionality of the crop is a key aspect of its relevance and value, partially offsetting the lower grain yields as compared to annual grain counterparts. However, a thorough assessment of its above and belowground growth is still missing, and the influence of growth conditions mostly unknown (e.g. water, nitrogen, temperature). This lack of knowledge is strongly hindering the development of suitable management practices to ensure services provision and to increase the agroecosystem sustainability. This work assesses the crop performances in a context of a temporary insertion (2-3 years) into a grain crop rotation. The study is based on 12 fields experiments, either on-farm or in research station, in France and Belgium. This work allowed to characterize the growth and functioning of the crop and to evaluate its performances during two consecutive years (establishment and following year). Several key parameters have been identified (rooting system development, flowering induction, growth dynamic, grain yields components) to understand the potential of grain-forage dual production, soil protection, resources management, and weed control. Results are notably illustrating the crop changes between the establishment year and the following year (above and belowground biomass increase). These changes are important when analyzing the crop ability to capture and use soil resources. Generally, aboveground traits (e.g. biomass, phenology, grain yield components) and belowground traits (e.g. root depth, biomass, diameter, density) indicate an unfavorable resource allocation impacting grain productivity, while favoring the vegetative biomass (roots, stems, leaves) that supports the perenniality of the species. Meanwhile, results of this work are showing a great potential from this perennial grain to build diversified cropping systems, using and conserving resources efficiently, and supporting soil fertility
Reboul, Guillaume. "Metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches to decipher microbial communities in suboxic environments Microbial eukaryotes in the suboxic chemosyn- thetic ecosystem of Movile Cave, Romania Hyper- diverse archaea near life limits at the polyextreme geothermal Dallol area Performance of the melting seawater-ice elution method on the metabarcoding characterization of benthic protist communities Core microbial communities of lacustrine microbialites sampled along an alkalinity gradient Environmental drivers of plankton protist communities along latitudinal and vertical gradients in the oldest and deepest freshwater lake Ancient Adaptive Lateral Gene Transfers in the Symbiotic Opalina-Blastocystis Stramenopile Lineage Marine signature taxa and microbial community stability along latitudinal and vertical gradients in sediments of the deepest freshwater lake." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL041.
Full textMicrobial ecology is the science of micro-organisms and their biotic and abiotic interactions in a given ecosystem. As technology has advanced, molecular techniques have been widely used to overcome the limitations of classical approaches such as culturing and microscopy. Indeed, the development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies in the past twenty years has largely helped to unravel the phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of microbial communities across ecosystems.Nonetheless, most of the environments studied through these techniques concentrated on relatively easily accessible, tractable and host-related ecosystems such as plankton (especially in marine ecosystems), soils and gut microbiomes. This has contributed to the rapid accumulation of a wealth of environmental diversity and metagenomic data along with advances in bioinformatics leading to the development of myriads of tools. Oxygen-depleted environments and especially their microbial eukaryote components are less studied and may lead to future phylogenetic and metabolic discoveries.In order to address this, we conducted analyses on two poorly studied suboxic ecosystems: Movile Cave (Romania) and lake Baikal sediments (Siberia, Russia). In this task, we aimed at unveiling the taxonomic and functional diversity of microorganims in these environments.To do so, I first evaluated the available bioinformatics tools and implemented a bioinformatics pipeline for 16S/18S rRNA gene-based metabarcoding analysis, making reasoned methodological choices. Then, as a case study, I carried out metabarcoding analyses of the water and floating microbial mats found in Movile Cave in order to investigate its protist diversity. Our study showed that Movile Cave, a sealed off chemosynthetic ecosystem, harbored a substantial protist diversity with species spanning most of the major eukaryotic super groups. The majority if these protists were related to species of freshwater and marine origins. Most of them were putatively anaerobic, in line with the cave environment, and suggesting that in addition to their predatory role, they might participate in prokaryote-protist symbioses.In a second study, I applied my metabarcoding pipeline to explore unique and relatively unexplored environment of Lake Baikal sediments. I first applied a metabarcoding approach using 16S and 18S rRNA genes to describe prokaryotic as well as protist diversity. Overall, the communities within these ecosystems were very diverse and enriched in ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota. We also identified several typical marine taxa which are likely planktonic but accumulate in sediments. Finally, our sampling plan allowed us to test whether differences across depth, basin or latitude affected microbial community structure. Our results showed that the composition of sediment microbial communities remained relatively stable across the samples regardless of depth or latitude.In a third study, we applied metagenomics to study the metabolic potential of communities associated to Baikal sediments and to reconstruct metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of dominant organisms. This revealed the considerable ecological importance of Thaumarchaeota lineages in lake Baikal sediments, which were found to be the major autotrophic phyla and also very implicated in the nitrogen cycle. Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria-related species also appeared ecologically important.This PhD thesis reveals the taxonomic diversity of poorly studied suboxic ecosystems and therefore contributes to our knowledge of microbial diversity on Earth. Additionally, the analyses of surface sediment samples in lake Baikal adds new light on freshwater-marine transitions. The metagenomic analyses reported here allowed us to postulate a model of nutrient cycle carried out by microorganismsin these sediments. Overall, this work sheds light on the microbial ecology of oxygen-depleted environments, and most notably lake Baikal surface sediments
Shi-EnLiu and 劉士恩. "The Interfirm Relationship and the Evolution Performance of ICT Business Ecosystem." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ffv7p7.
Full textShrotriya, Shishir. "Valuation of flexibility in the context of performance of innovation ecosystem in India." Thesis, 2018. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7712.
Full textHsin-YenLiu and 劉信言. "The Determinants and the Performance of Interfirm Division of Labor in the Business Ecosystem." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94w82x.
Full text國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
107
This study clarifies the reasons behind the interfirm division of labor in the ICT business ecosystem, and further explains how Taiwanese ODM collaborates with foreign brand company to create higher performance of interfirm division of labor. The analysis of this research is the server business ecosystem, in which Intel is the platform leader. Server brand company and Server ODM need to rely on the technical information provided by Intel in order to effectively carry out server product developments. We believe that the technological changes in the technological platform itself will affect the interfirm division of labor between server brand company and server ODM. When the technical changes of the CPU belong to the reinforced type, the server brand company and the server ODM obtain their respective knowledge from Intel in order to strengthen and supplement their specialized assets, thereby pursuing the performance of server product developments. Moreover, when the technical changes of CPU belong to the overturned type, the server brand company and the server ODM obtain each other’s knowledge and their own knowledge respectively from Intel to strengthen and supplement their specialized assets, thereby pursuing the performance of server product developments. The results of this study also depict that modularization, standardization, etc. may be just one of the factors to determine the relationship of interfirm division of labor in the ICT business ecosystem. The knowledge assimilation based on the types of technical changes from platform leader, which will help companies to achieve higher performance of new product developments.
Graça, Marisa da Silva. "Performance of Urban Green Areas in Ecosystem Services Proficiency: A case study in Porto, Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/112026.
Full textGraça, Marisa da Silva. "Performance of Urban Green Areas in Ecosystem Services Proficiency: A case study in Porto, Portugal." Tese, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/112026.
Full textMilcu, Alexandru. "The role of earthworms for plant performance and ecosystem functioning in a plant diversity gradient." Phd thesis, 2006. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/638/1/Alexandru_Milcu-Dissertation.pdf.
Full textYeh, Yu-Ting, and 葉郁筳. "The Effect of the Fit Between Product Architecture and Ecosystem Innovation Capabilities on Business Performance." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7twn56.
Full text國立嘉義大學
企業管理學系
106
With the changes of the business environment and the influence of global internationalization, as well as the development of science and technology, the shortening of the industrial cycle and the fierce competition, how do companies respond to changes in the business environment, However, it is more and more important to enhance the competitive advantage and the innovation of the organization. Only constant changes and adjustments can make the enterprise survive. How companies can improve their ecosystem innovation capabilities, how to successfully construct new ecosystems, and promote enterprise transformation or innovation have highlighted the importance of these issues. This study studies and analyzes product architecture and ecosystem innovation capabilities, and uses the questionnaire survey method to conduct questionnaires for Taiwan-listed companies manufacturing industries, and is targeted at high-level managers of the company., The total number of questionnaires issued was 1,282, and the actual number of copies was 207. This study used SPSS for hypothesis verification and analysis. In general, research shows the matching relationship between product structure and ecosystem innovation capability. The integral product architecture needs to match the technological ecosystem innovation capability. On the other side, the modular product architecture needs to match the modular ecosystem innovation capability. This study believes that what companies need is to cooperate and communicate with the industry and jointly develop and design to develop their capabilities and create business performance.
Fulton, Elizabeth Ann. "The effects of model structure and complexity on the behaviour and performance of marine ecosystem models." Thesis, 2001. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19754/1/whole_FultonElizabethAnn2002_thesis.pdf.
Full textChauvat, Matthieu [Verfasser]. "Soil biota during forest rotation : successional changes and implications for ecosystem performance / vorgelegt von Matthieu Chauvat." 2005. http://d-nb.info/974104183/34.
Full textLegg, Allison. "Testate Amoebae as a Performance Indicator of Ecosystem Establishment in Wetlands Impacted By Oil Sands Processed Materials." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4408.
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