Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Performance-based design'
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Chenouda, Mouchir. "Performance based design of degrading structures." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001447.
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Averill, Jason D. "Performance-Based Codes: Economics, Documentation, and Design." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/809.
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The advent of performance-based codes in the United States underscores the need for a thorough, systematic approach to the documentation and accomplishment of a performance-based design. This project has three objectives: economic analysis of performance-based codes from a social view point, documentation of a performance-based design, and an example application of the ICC Performance-Based Code to high-rise office building. Economic issues explored include the externalities, insurance, and liabilities associated with performance-based codes. Documentation of a performance-based design includes delineation of the scope and goals with agreement between the designer, architect, building owner, and authority having jurisdiction, examination of the relevant code statutes, development of appropriate fire scenarios which meet the requirements of the performance matrices, thorough documentation of all design tool and calculation assumptions and limitations, and a clear demonstration of satisfactory accomplishment of stated goals and objectives. Finally, performance-based design alternatives to a prescriptively-designed 40 story office building were developed. There were three major design alternatives. The first design feature was the evacuation of occupants using elevators. The second alternative was the use of the assured fire safety system, which combined emerging technologies in fire detection, alarm, and suppression. The final design alternative was the routing of the domestic water supply through the sprinkler riser in order increase the reliability of the sprinkler system and save design, material, and installation costs associated with the domestic water supply risers. Finally, this project analyzed the specific life-cycle economic impact of the design alternatives when compared to the prescriptive design.
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Albano, Leonard D. (Leonard Daniel). "An axiomatic approach to performance-based design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13196.
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Kihlberg, Fredric. "Prestandabaserad design genomkonceptuell energianalys : Performance-based design through conceptual energy analysis." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36497.
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This degree project aims to investigate the potential and possibilities for conceptual energyanalyses in the early stages of the design process. Many key decisions are made in theearly stages of a project regarding the shape and orientation of the building. Conceptualenergy analyses can provide the architects with insight regarding different design option’srelative energy performance.As the demands for more sustainable buildings increases, so does the need for earlyenergy analyses. Performing analyses in the early stage requires many assumptions andguesswork which could lead to a large margin of error.The offering from Autodesk is a module in Revit Architecture/MEP and the stand aloneprogram Project Vasari (under development). It is an interesting tool for architects with aneasy and quick work flow and can easily be implemented in today’s design process.The analysis of the results generated shows that the program has a margin of error thatmake some of the features less useful. Comparing the results with an analysis done in amore established and sophisticated software suggests that the result at this stage cannot betrusted.
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Mohammadi, Alireza. "Wind Performance Based Design for High-Rise Buildings." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3032.
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The rapid growth of high-rise high-density urban areas in coastal and near coastal, hurricane-prone cities has been observed globally and in the United States in recent decades. Favored by modern urban growth and planning policies, this trend is expected to accelerate in future. Recent climate change studies suggest a significant increase in the destructiveness of hurricanes in past 30 years by both increases in lifetime and intensity of hurricanes. Current prescriptive wind design approach does not provide transparent methods and criteria to reliably quantify the performance of buildings as well as the functional requirements necessary to accommodate large populations during extreme wind. Since this approach primarily intends to keep the structural system essentially elastic, the more efficient design may be achievable by allowing controlled inelasticity in structural components. All these facts put a great emphasis on using a reliable wind design and assessment approach evidently describing the performance of high-rise building to wind loads beyond the current design wind loads.
This dissertation presents the development of a wind performance-based engineering approach and its practical implementation for three, 47-, 40- and 30-story steel moment frame high-rise buildings. In this study, the nonlinear dynamic responses of the buildings to different wind hazard levels were evaluated by developing 3D nonlinear finite element models and utilizing a wind incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) approach. The wind loading for the 47-story building was measured by conducting wind pressure testing on a scaled rigid model at the Wall of Wind (WOW) facility at Florida International University. For two other buildings wind loads were acquired using TPU Aerodynamic Database. Using the IDA results and adopting available wind performance criteria, a wind performance assessment approach was developed representing the estimated performance levels as a function of the basic wind speed. Three types of wind performance were evaluated: structural component performance; cladding performance to wind-induced shear deformation; and serviceability motion comfort performance. This evaluation indicated remarkable lateral capacity associated with allowing controlled structural nonlinearity, in contrast to considerations required to assure acceptable serviceability and non-structural (e.g. cladding) performances.
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Lu, Yang. "Seismic soil-structure interaction in performance-based design." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33704/.
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Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) procedures for performance-based seismic design of building structures have been in existence in design guidelines and provisions for decades. However, several issues still remain regarding the application of these procedures to inelastic multi-storey buildings. Three main issues are identified and investigated in this research. Firstly, the gap between code-specified design response spectra and base shear demands of inelastic flexible-base multi-storey buildings is bridged by introducing a strength reduction factor RF and a Multi-Degree-Of-Freedom (MDOF) modification factor RM. The strength reduction factor RF, derived based on the combined (and similar) effects of SSI and structural yielding, allows base shear demands of a flexible-base yielding Single-Degree-Of-Freedom (SDOF) structure to be calculated directly from code design response spectra. The MDOF modification factor RM links base shear demand of a MDOF structure to that of its SDOF counterpart. Secondly, the effect of frequency content of ground motions on elastic and inelastic flexible-base buildings located on very soft soil profiles is examined. Results showed that normalising the equivalent period of a SSI system Tssi by the corresponding predominant periods resulted in more rational spectra for seismic design purposes. In the elastic response spectra, Tssi is normalised by the spectrum predominant period TP corresponding to the peak ordinate of a 5% damped elastic acceleration spectrum, while for nonlinear structures Tssi should be normalised by the predominant period of the ground motion, Tg, at which the relative velocity spectrum reaches its maximum value. It is shown that an actual SSI system can be replaced by an equivalent fixed-base SDOF (EFSDOF) oscillator having a natural period of Tssi, a viscous damping ratio xissi and a global ductility ratio of mussi. The EFSDOF oscillator performed well for linear systems while, in general, overestimated ductility reduction factor Rmu of SSI systems with high initial damping ratio, which consequently led to an underestimation of inelastic displacement ratio Cmu. The two issues stated above were addressed by results of a large number of response history analyses performed using a simplified SSI model where the foundation response was assumed to be linearly elastic and frequency-dependent. The soil-foundation model, developed on the basis of the cone theory, has been verified to be a reliable tool for simulating dynamic soil-foundation interaction. Finally, in order to take into account foundation nonlinearity in preliminary seismic design of building structures, a simplified nonlinear sway-rocking model was developed. The proposed model is intended to capture the nonlinear load-displacement response of shallow foundations during strong earthquake events where foundation bearing capacity is fully mobilised. Emphasis is given to heavily-loaded structures resting on a saturated clay half-space. The variation of soil stiffness and strength with depth, referred to as soil non-homogeneity, is considered in the model. Although independent springs are utilised for each of the swaying and rocking motions, coupling between these motions is taken into account by expressing the load-displacement relations as functions of the factor of safety against vertical bearing capacity failure (FSV) and the moment-to-shear ratio (M/H). The simplified model is calibrated and validated against results from a series of static push-over and dynamic analyses performed using a more rigorous finite-difference numerical model. Despite some limitations of the current implementation, the concept of this model gives engineers more degrees of freedom in defining their own model components, providing a good balance between simplicity, flexibility and accuracy.
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Langham, Zoe A. "Design and performance of felodipine-based solid dispersions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12470/.
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In recent years the pharmaceutical industry has seen a rise in the number of drug compounds with low aqueous solubility, and consequently poor oral bioavailablility. One potential solution to this problem is to formulate such compounds as solid dispersions, whereby the drug is dispersed in a carrier matrix in the solid state. In this thesis, the hypothesis that a number of drug-drug and drug-polymer intermolecular interactions influence the physical stability and dissolution performance of solid dispersions is considered. The aim is to use correlations between drug molecular structure and solid dispersion performance to develop a platform to rapidly assess whether drug compounds will have favourable properties when formulated as a solid dispersion. Amorphous felodipine/copovidone solid dispersions are used as a model system to develop a suitable testing regime with regards to physical stability and dissolution performance. A laser light scattering technique developed in this work shows that morphological changes in felodipine/copovidone films exposed to water are due to polymer swelling. A combination of dissolution testing methodologies is also used to suggest a mechanism for the dissolution of bulk solid dispersion samples. Contributions of individual functional groups in the felodipine analogues to the physical stability and dissolution performance of their amorphous solid dispersions are assessed. Blocking of the felodipine amine hydrogen-bond-donor with an N-methyl, and the removal of chlorine substituents are both shown to reduce the physical stability of the solid dispersions. Correlations between molecular descriptors and data from the above experiments show that drug compounds are more likely to crystallise from solid dispersions with copovidone if they have a low log P, low relative molecular mass and low polarizability. Such correlations can form the basis of a screening method for the molecular design of analogous drug compounds likely to form high-performance solid dispersions with copovidone.
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Eshghi, Sassan. "Performance-based seismic design of reservoir intake towers." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265307.
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Hedayati, Mohammad Hassan. "Performance-based design of stainless steel blast walls." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239895.
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Stainless steel profiled walls have increasingly been used in the process and other industries to protect people and personnel against hydrocarbon or chemical explosions. The existence of various uncertainties, in particular the ones associated with explosion loading and parameters, make the current design and assessment which are based on single degree of freedom (SDOF) and deterministic approach, very complicated and in many cases leading to unreliable design assessment. Therefore, developing an appropriate reliability approach for assessing and designing blast wall structures would greatly assist in improving the safety of personnel and plant facilities. The objective of this research study is to develop a practical framework for performance based design of stainless steel profiled barrier blast walls, with specific focus on reliability assessment by implementing stochastic finite element analysis (SFEA). Initially, the current traditional SDOF method is reviewed to identify the related issues and weaknesses and accordingly an appropriate method for structural assessments of the blast walls is proposed. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation on various available methods is carried out to identify a suitable probabilistic approach for the reliability assessments. The corresponding reliability of these structures is evaluated with a MCS method, implementing the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) approach. A programming package is developed using Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL), to generate parametric finite element models and to perform automated reliability assessments. The significant uncertainties are combined with an advanced analysis model to investigate the influence of loading, material and geometric uncertainties on the response of these structures under realistic boundary conditions and connection configuration. Effective implementation of the framework is achieved by the development of a combined programming package to deal with both finite element and reliability analyses. A further development for this research study is associated with the development of performance based design approach, using the results of the probabilistic and finite element assessments. This can be utilised for optimum and appropriate design of the blast wall structures, based on the defined performance levels. Application and practicality of the developed approach and associated programming package is demonstrated through a number of case studies of realistic stainless steel profiled barriers subject to explosion loading. The results of the preliminary probabilistic case studies confirm that the explosion loading is the main influential input parameter and also nonlinearities are more critical than dynamic effects for unstiffened profiled barrier blast walls. An appropriate dynamic load factor (DLF) is proposed for the preliminary stage of the design and assessments. It is observed that using the probabilistic approach can help identify the important variables and parameters to optimize the design of profiled blast walls, and to perform risk assessments for these structures. The study is expanded to develop a performance based design methodology, linking the probabilistic results with various performance levels and associated parameters (e.g., damage levels). The results and discussions of the case studies associated with performance based design assessments confirm the suitability of the proposed framework, and also highlight the complications in defining intermediate levels, without preliminary investigations. This shows that QRA approach and involvement of professionals can play an important role to develop performance levels and the associated objectives. The developed programming package and associated framework are expected to provide valuable guidance to professional design engineers and researchers, by obviating the need for complex computational requirements.
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Mirković, Jelena. "Design and performance analysis of MIMO based WLANs /." Aachen : Mainz, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996995641/04.
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Carmona, David Isaac. "Quantifying the Life Cycle Benefits of Performance-Based Design in Sustainable Design." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/708.
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ABSTRACT
Quantifying the Life Cycle Benefits of Performance-Based Design in Sustainable Design
David Carmona
For this thesis, a method is developed and tested for use with performance based design to quantify the sustainable and financial benefits of designing buildings to a structural performance level higher than Life-Safety. This paper starts to answer the question, “which would be a better investment: build structures to a performance level of Immediate Occupancy (IO) with the likelihood of less damage and downtime after an earthquake or continue to build to the building code’s implied minimum performance level of Life-Safety (LS)?”
An ASCE 7-05 designed base model building (six-story, steel moment frame, office located in San Francisco) was designed to meet the minimum requirements of the LS or stricter code requirements of the IO performance objectives, respectively. Performance levels were verified using the ASCE 41-06 linear static procedures and ETABS models.
The overall cost and cost difference for building the two structures were determined using RSMeans reference manuals. The structural upgrade cost from LS to IO is roughly 1.6% of the $33.4 million initial building cost for a total of approximately $500,000.
The financial damage caused to the two buildings due to a series of earthquakes was determined using the ATC-58 Guidelines and the modeling capabilities of its companion software Performance Assessment and Calculation Tool (PACT). Due to PACT’s work-in-progress status and limited quantity of fragility curves representing building components, results are questionable and expected to become more fine-tuned as the software develops and there is an increased availability of fragility curves.
Using the PACT program, the difference in annualized loss between the IO and LS buildings was determined to be roughly $40,000. This is equivalent to a 2009 present cost of $590,000 over a 50-year building lifespan. By designing the building to an IO performance level, the owner potentially saves 18% ($590,000 loss to future seismic damages/ $500,000 cost to upgrade) over the life-span of the building. As buildings begin to incorporate state-of-the-art, more expensive and efficient components, designing higher performing structures to protect these upfront costs will prove more beneficial than repairing the components at a future date. Considering building downtime and loss of life would increase the value of savings and provide an additional incentive to design a structure directly to a higher performance level.
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Anderi, Daniel. "Performance Driven Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617107681585209.
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Yazgan, Ufuk. "A Methodology For Determination Of Performance Based Design Parameters." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1120682/index.pdf.
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Establishment of relationships for predicting the lateral drift demands of
near-fault ground motions is one of the major challenges in earthquake engineering.
Excessive lateral drifts caused by earthquake ground motions are the major causes of structural damage observed in structures. In this study, some of the fundamental
characteristics of near-fault ground motions are examined. Response characteristics of elastic frame structures to near-fault ground motions are investigated. An approximate method for estimating the elastic ground story and interstory drifts for regular frame type structures is presented. Inelastic displacement demands imposed
on elasto-plastic single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems subjected to near-fault ground are examined. Three equations for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand from the maximum elastic displacement demand are established. Two of these equations relate the inelastic and elastic displacement demands through natural period and strength reduction factor. The third equation relates the inelastic and elastic displacement demands through the ratio of natural period to pulse period and the strength reduction factor. Efficiency of the natural period to pulse period ratio for estimating the inelastic displacement ratio is shown.
Error statistics of the proposed equations are presented and compared with similar studies in the literature. According to the results, these equations can be used for quick and rough estimates of displacement demands imposed on regular elastic
moment resisting frames and elasto-plastic single degree of systems.
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Zhang, Qi. "Performance based design and evaluation of reinforced concrete bridges." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55725.
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Performance based design (PBD) has been deemed as one of the most promising design methods in the past few decades. It reduces the uncertainties underline the tradition force based design (FBD) and acts as an efficient communication tool between technical and non-technical people. Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) has initiated PBD in Canada in 2014, which brought in one of the biggest changes to the new version of the design code. For Lifeline bridges and irregular Major Route bridges, the code requires PBD to be used to explicitly demonstrate structural performance. As per the code, Regular Major Route bridges can be designed by using either FBD or PBD method. In this study, a multi-bent concrete highway bridge is designed using both FBD and PBD based on CHBDC 2014, and FBD based on CHBDC 2006. The evaluation of different designs is performed to determine which method is more conservative. Soil-structure interaction is incorporated using p-y method in the design and analysis. Dynamic time-history analyses are performed to assess the seismic performance. The assessment is based on the maximum strain limits from CHBDC 2014. The results reveal that the PBD in CHBDC 2014 is highly conservative in comparison with FBD in current and previous design codes. This is because CHBDC 2014 requires rebar yielding shall not happen at 1/475-year earthquake event. Eliminating rebar yielding at 1/475-year event may be very challenging to achieve in high seismic regions and 1/475-year event may dominate other design levels. After performing the PBD, a displacement based design approach is also used to examine the performance criteria from the code. It is shown that by using displacement based approach the PBD could be simplified for regular bridges. Additionally, a series of charts of column drift versus steel strain are presented to facilitate future engineering designs. At the end, the methodology of the next generation PBD is utilized to compare the seismic performance of bridges in terms of engineering demand parameters and decision variables.Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Mendoza, Kristan A., and Lisa A. Devlin. "Performance based logistics and the implications of organizational design." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9995.
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Joint Applied ProjectDoD has directed Military Departments to implement Performance Based Logistics (PBL) as a preferred approach for product support. The purpose of this Joint Applied Project (JAP) is to research and analyze four programs that have implemented PBL to determine what types of organizational designs are conducive to successful implementation, and apply those designs to a program at our command. We will identify organizational structures or characteristics of programs having successfully implemented PBL and then determine to what extent those characteristics are being used or should be used in the Standard Automotive Tool Set (SATS), an (Army) TACOM Rock Island managed program. Research will address current industry practices, Department of Defense policies and guidance, as well as an analysis of organization design on three programs using PBL for product support. Our final recommendation will address whether the characteristics or organizational structure of the SATS team should change to make PBL a successful product support strategy.
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Nurubhashu, Mabusubhan Vali. "OPNET Based Design and Performance Evaluation of ZigBee Networks." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062853/.
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ZigBee is a substandard of IEEE 802.15 family that is specially designed to take care of factors such as power, data rate and area that primarily affect network performance. This has controlling and monitoring capability, which finds potential applications in different sectors. ZigBee allows the concept of hybrid networks and mobility. A comprehensive analysis of ZigBee networks was carried out by constructing and simulating the networks to evaluate the performance in terms of throughput, delay, network load, and packets dropped. This research is aimed at evaluating the effect of network topology on the system performance. A careful review of simulation platforms brought the conclusion of using OPNET Modeler which has the required frame work. Different network topologies of simple and hybrid were built and simulated. Throughout the simulations, the best-case scenarios were drawn to the conclusion by the graphical analysis of parameters of evaluation. Mobile networks were constructed and simulated to investigate the effect of mobility on communication.
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Parkinson, David L. "Performance based design of structural steel for fire conditions." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0821102-115014.
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Zou, Xiaokang. "Optimal seismic performance-based design of reinforced concrete buildings /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202002%20ZOU.
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Rana, Suman. "RISK-TARGETED GROUND MOTION FOR PERFORMANCE- BASED BRIDGE DESIGN." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2137.
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The seismic design maps on ASCE 7-05, International Building Code- 2006/2009, assumed uniform hazard ground motion with 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years for the entire conterminous U.S. But, Luco et al in 2007 pointed out that as uncertainties in collapse capacity exists in structures, an adjustment on uniform hazard ground motion was proposed to develop new seismic design maps. Thus, risk-targeted ground motion with 1% probability collapse in 50 years is adopted on ASCE 7-10. Even though these seismic design maps are developed for buildings, performance-based bridge design is done using same maps. Because significance difference lies on design procedure of buildings and bridges this thesis suggests some adjustment should be made on uncertainty in the collapse capacity(β) when using for bridge design. This research is done in 3 cities of U.S— San Francisco, New Madrid and New York. Hazard curve is drawn using 2008 version of USGS hazard maps and risk- targeted ground motion is calculated using equation given by Luco et al adjusting the uncertainty in collapse capacity(β) to be 0.9 for bridge design instead of 0.8 as used for buildings. The result is compared with existing result from ASCE 7-10, which uses β=0.6. The sample design response spectrum for site classes A, B, C and D is computed for all 3 cities using equations given in ASCE 7-10 for all β. The design response spectrum curves are analyzed to concluded that adjustment on uncertainty in collapse capacity should be done on ASCE 7-10 seismic design maps to be used for performance-based bridge design.
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Choi, Hyeg Joo. "A Performance Based Approach for the Design of Work Area." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1154723611.
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Hu, Jhyfang. "Towards a knowledge-based design support environment for design automation and performance evaluation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184804.
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The increasing complexity of systems has made the design task extremely difficult without the help of an expert's knowledge. The major goal of this dissertation is to develop an intelligent software shell, termed the Knowledge-Based Design Support Environment (KBDSE), to facilitate multi-level system design and performance evaluation. KBDSE employs the technique, termed Knowledge Acquisition based on Representation (KAR), for acquiring design knowledge. With KAR, the acquired knowledge is automatically verified and transformed into a hierarchical, entity-based representation scheme, called the Frame and Rule Associated System Entity Structure (FRASES). To increase the efficiency of design reasoning, a Weight-Oriented FRASES Inference Engine (WOFIE) was developed. WOFIE supports different design methodologies (i.e., top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid) and derives all possible alternative design models parallelly. By appropriately setting up the priority of a specialization node, WOFIE is capable of emulating the design reasoning process conducted by a human expert. Design verification is accomplished by computer simulation. To facilitate performance analysis, experimental frames reflecting design objectives are automatically constructed. This automation allows the design model to be verified under various simulation circumstances without wasting labor in programming math-intensive models. Finally, the best design model is recommended by applying Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods on simulation results. Generally speaking, KBDSE offers designers of complex systems a mixed-level design and performance evaluation; knowledge-based design synthesis; lower cost and faster simulation; and multi-criteria design analysis. As with most expert systems, the goal of KBDSE is not to replace the human designers but to serve as an intelligent tool to increase design productivity.
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Shorey, Thomas Paul Jr. "Parametric Performance-driven Passive Solar Designed Facade Systems." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1408.
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Buildings in the United States account for nearly 68% of all U.S. energy consumption due to their reliance on electrical lighting and mechanical systems. Beginning in the 20th century, emphasis on developing the glass curtain wall created increased energy demands on lighting and mechanical systems. Consequently, the building’s curtain wall is a direct cause of significant energy loads. This research project investigated how current parametric design tools and energy analysis software are used during a performance-driven passive solar design process to develop facade systems that lower the energy use intensity (EUI) of a building and increase natural daylight to an acceptable illuminance level (lux). Passive solar shading strategies were employed to realize the proposed design process through a proof of concept project that retrofits the facade of an outdated office building in a hot-mediterranean climate. Incremental steps were taken using parametric software (Revit Architecture 2015) to increase the passive solar and daylighting performance capabilities of the facade system and Autodesk Green Building Studio was employed to measure, compare and contrast the results of each design.
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Wang, Ryan Po Chao. "Evaluation of wind load on large telescope structure based on performance-based design." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43515.
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Wind loads have been the governing factor that influences structural stability in overwhelmingly large structures. This is particularly of major concern when the analyzed structure in this study is merely a conceptual design. Previous studies have shown reduced pressure on structures due to application of windscreens, and a proposal had been made with preliminary structural analysis performed and proven to be feasible. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the extent of the functionality of the proposed windscreen by utilizing computational fluid dynamics and taking a performance-based design approach with performance objectives determined based on historical environmental data. In addition, different scenarios and boundary conditions are applied to provide a pressure envelope that generalizes the range of pressure experienced by the telescope.
Simulation of air flow is performed with CFDesign, and the results obtained supported the previously-made hypothesis suggesting that implementation of windscreen enables pressure reduction. Although in some cases pressure increase is observed, the general trend of decrease dominates the trend of increase. Pressure envelopes for all structural elements are also provided for engineers as a performance-based design guideline based on different impact levels of wind loading. However, further analyses are needed to investigate the possibility of a windscreen of greater height, to emphasize on the simulation of finer details, and to validate the results from this analysis in an actual scaled-model wind tunnel testing if possible.
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Hansen, Joakim, and Jens Molin. "Design and Evaluation of an Automatically Generated Diagnosis System." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8029.
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Throughout recent years, legislations concerning emission levels for vehicles have become more restrictive and will be even more restrictive in the future. In the recent European environmental standards, EURO 4 (2006) and EURO 5 (2008), further requirements have been added on top of low emission demands. All heavy duty trucks have to be equipped with an OBD-system. Scania CV AB has today an existing OBD-system that consists of several tests. Typically, a test is designed to check if a signal is inside specified limits or thresholds. To improve the system, Scania CV AB and Vehicular Systems at Linköping University have developed a method to design diagnosis systems in an automatic way, implemented in a toolbox called DSAME.
In this thesis, an automatic designed OBD-system has been created with DSAME and the corresponding parts in a manually designed OBD-system have been identified. The two systems have been compared. The result shows that both systems are equally at detecting faults but the automatic designed OBD-system is a lot better to isolate the faults than the existing OBD-system.
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Man, Christopher Zhun Ting. "Developing performance based design guidelines for the railcar cover system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43514.
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The railcar cover solution is aimed at providing an aerodynamic solution for the transport of coal. The system includes the use of a handling system that is currently under development by a third party.
This study seeks to aid in the implementation of a performance based design approach to the railcar cover system. The performance based design approach is a method that utilizes modern analysis tools to provide designs that are more robust than typical prescriptive design procedures (such as the pure use of limit states in codes). A general procedure in establishing performance guidelines is provided in this study, as well as a procedure on conducting a performance based design.
Also described in this study is a comparison of design configurations proposed for the cover system. Through the use of CFdesign fluid dynamics analysis software, various engineering demand parameters are measured for each railcar cover configuration including railcar flow rates and cover pressure distributions. This data are presented purely as a comparison, due to the high variability and lack of confidence inspired by validation studies. Validation studies were also presented to compare the various parameters and analysis options available with the CFdesign software, which may be used to further understand the correct implementation methods of CFdesign software for practical use.
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Kirk, Adam J. "DEVELOPMENT OF A DESIGN BASED INTERSECTION SAFETY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TOOL." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/17.
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The purpose of this research is to develop an intersection safety evaluation tool that is capable of assisting designers and planners in the assessment of alternative intersection designs. A conflict exposure model utilizing design hour volumes, intersection configuration and traffic control measures is proposed to achieve this goal. This approach makes use of data typically available for preliminary intersection design. The research goes beyond existing safety performance models which only examine non-directional average daily traffic (ADT) or practices which only account for the geometric and lane configuration of an intersection, such as conflict point analysis.
Conflict prediction models are developed for left-turn angle, right-turn, rear end and sideswipe crashes. These models were developed through the analysis of over 1000 simulation scenarios evaluating a full range of approach and turning volumes, lane configurations and traffic control strategies. The quantifiable metrics provided can be used to inform and improve alternative intersection selection processes by differentiating between alternatives based on a surrogate safety performance. This research may be used in screening of intersection alternatives to select the most beneficial design based on objective safety performance metrics.
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Keten, Sinan. "A performance based approach for seismic design with hysteretic dampers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34595.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-67).
Current trends in structural engineering call for strict performance requirements from buildings prone to extreme earthquakes. Energy dissipation devices are known to be effective in reducing a building's response to earthquake induced vibrations. A promising strategy for controlling damage due to strong ground motion is the use of buckling restrained braces that dissipate energy by hysteretic behavior. Research conducted in the past reveals that devices such as The Unbonded Brace (TM) provide stiffness and damping to the structure, two key parameters that characterize a building's performance. The focus of this thesis is the development of a preliminary motion-based design methodology for the use of these devices in mitigating damage to structural and non-structural elements. In this regard, a shear beam idealization for a typical 1 0-story steel building is adopted and nonlinear dynamic response of the building for a set of earthquakes is simulated. Optimal ductility ratio and stiffness contribution of the bracing system is determined based on the inter-story drift values obtained from simulation results.
by Sinan Keten.
M.Eng.
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Tsakalakis, Nikolaos. "Performance-based damage survivability of passenger ships and design implications." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18968.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction of the probabilistic framework for damage stability, namely SOLAS 2009, introduced in 1st of January 2009 was a step change in regulation history and subsequently in Naval Architecture as a whole industry. The industry, as well as the academia though, was caught unprepared for such a ground breaking change, leading to confusion and retrospectively wrong decisions and misconceptions. It has been proven that survivability is not predicted accurately by the SOLAS s-factor and that harmonisation could not actually work. Furthermore it is believed, and thus still dealt with by deterministic means, that the water on deck problem has not been resolved. To this end, the focus in this study is on passenger vessels. An attempt has been made to highlight not only the shortcomings of the probabilistic framework but also the sheer benefits from utilising such a method. SOLAS 2009 has been benchmarked against conventional methods so as to prove the later. More specifically it has been shown how the survivability of a given damage scenario can be accurately predicted and how time to capsize can actually be related to survivability in waves. In order to achieve this, established concepts like the critical significant wave height have been revised. Moreover, the proposed modifications of the s-factor can link it directly to performance-based standards such as Safe-Return-to-Port. Finally, it has be demonstrated how, when freed of its "childhood" illnesses, the probabilistic framework can provide with an irreplaceable, handy tool with which to make goal-based design and really exploit all the hidden potential leading to safer and more functional ships.
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Fan, Haijian. "Performance Based Design of Deep Foundations in Spatially Varying Soils." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1384959587.
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Mohamed, Ali Rafee Makbol. "Performance based design of offshore topside structures subjected to blastloading." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/1285.
Full textAbstract:
Topside structures of offshore installations have to support heavy process plant dealing with large volumes of oil and gas under high pressure. Many of these platforms have to be operated in very remote areas in a harsh environment with little supporting infrastructure. It is therefore necessary to design these high risk installations to various types of extreme loadings. One of these extreme scenarios is blast loading from a possible hydrocarbon explosion. Although this is a comparatively low frequency accidental event, it has the capability to cause major fatalities to personnel and serious structural damage which could lead to the complete loss of the platform. At present, most topside structures are designed based on working stress design (WSD), or load and resistance factor design (LFRD), which is quite safe but not economical due to the uncertain extent of the levels of protection. For these reasons, a Performance Based Design Methodology is proposed, which emphasizes the structure’s predictable behaviour and the protection of personnel and assets. The end result will be an optimum design which satisfies the function of a system without compromising safety. A performance based design guideline for the assessment of topside structures subjected to blast loading is proposed. The guideline, which reasonably incorporated some statistical findings, simplifies the evaluation of performance levels for the topside structure without quantitative risk assessment (QRA) data. The assessment of topside structures is not complete if the proper behaviour and response is not fully understood. It has been shown in the study that the roles of secondary structural members i.e. deck plates and stringer beams cannot be overlooked. Having substantial deformations on secondary members averts severe damage on primary members. A simplified deck plate analytical model is proposed and the optimum slenderness ratio for deck plate design is recommended. Although accuracy of the proposed analytical method is found slightly offset from the finite element result at extreme overpressure, the model is straightforward and provides a quick method to assess the deck plate capacity. The study has also highlighted the weakness of sniped bottom flanges for stringer beams, a necessary condition to facilitate practical fabrication. This shortcoming is overcome by strengthening with angles, a novel idea which is simple and practical with minimum interference to the existing structural configuration. Based upon a typical topside framing, the performance level of the topside is evaluated for reference which can be applied to other topsides. The study has investigated a number of mitigation techniques for improving beam to beam connections. The techniques comprise studies based on some conventional approaches, typical fabrication methods and a new proposal with tubular braces. Finally, the effect of equipment on the topside structure is investigated and recommendations are made to minimise unnecessary damage.
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Alvarez, Rodriguez Alberto. "An integrated framework for the next generation of Risk-Informed Performance-Based Design approach used in Fire Safety Engineering." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/5.
Full textAbstract:
Review of decades of worldwide experience using standards, codes and guidelines related to performance-based fire protection design for buildings has identified shortcomings in the interpretation, application and implementation of the performance-based design process, wide variation in the resulting levels of performance achieved by such designs, and several opportunities to enhance the process. While others have highlighted shortcomings in the past, as well as some ideas to enhance the process, it is proposed that a more fundamental change is needed. First, the political and technical components of the process need to be clearly delineated to facilitate better analysis and decision-making within each component. Second, the process needs to be changed from one which focuses only on fire safety systems to one which views buildings, their occupants and their contents as integrated systems. In doing so, the activities associated with the normal operation of a building and how they might be impacted by the occurrence of a fire event become clearer, as do mitigation options which account for the behaviors and activities associated with normal use. To support these changes, a new framework for a risk-informed performance-based process for fire protection design is proposed: one which is better integrated than current processes, that treats a fire event as a disruptive event of a larger and more complex "building-occupant" system, and that provides more specific guidance for engineering analysis with the aim to achieve more complete and consistent analysis. This Ph.D. Dissertation outlines the challenges with the existing approaches, presents the "building-occupant" system paradigm, illustrates how viewing fire (or any other hazard) as a disruptive event within an holistic "building-occupant" system can benefit the overall performance of this system over its lifespan, and outlines a framework for a risk-informed performance-based process for fire protection design. Case studies are used to illustrate shortcomings in the existing processes and how the proposed process will address these. This Dissertation also includes a plan of action needed to establish guidelines to conduct each of the technical steps of the process and briefly introduces the future work about how this plan could be practically facilitated via a web-platform as a collaborative environment.
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Conron, Christine Elizabeth. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PERFORMANCE-BASED HIGHWAY DESIGN PROCESS: Incorporating Safety Considertation into Highway Design." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/448.
Full textAbstract:
For nearly 100 years the design of highways has incorporated safety through the application of criteria to each individual design element. Design elements are items like the horizontal curve, vertical curves, the cross-section, clear zone and roadside slopes. As a result, safety is only indirectly addressed since the design elements are developed in isolation without a good understanding on the impact of one element on another. To make matters worse, design elements communicate messages to the driver about the appropriate speed for the highway. Long straight tangent sections encourage drivers to drive faster whereas curved highway segments communicate a lower operating speed. This can lead to inconsistent message to the driver when design elements are not coordinated with each other. A new method is proposed that accounts for the interaction between design elements in such a way that the designer can estimate the frequency and societal cost of motor vehicle crashes. With this estimate of cost, the designer can base design decisions on what would minimize the societal cost of both the infrastructure improvement and safety. This method will allow designers to formulate highway designs that achieve a specific level of safety and communicate consistent information to drivers. This research provides a valuable planning and design tool for practitioners and policy makers alike. It represents an important shift in the highway design paradigm.
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Ke, Yu-Kung. "Scalable mechanisms for IP QoS-based routing with performance objective." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13753.
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Celik, Basak. "Development Of A Decision Support System For Performance-based Landfill Design." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609501/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Performance-based landfill design approach is a relatively new design approach adopted recently in solid waste management and applied in USA, European Union countries and some developing-economy countries like South Africa. This approach rejects the strict design criteria and accommodates a design that selects the most appropriate design components of a landfill (final cover, bottom liner, and leachate collection system) and their design details to result in the best overall performance with respect to performance criteria (groundwater contamination and stability) considering the system variables (climatic conditions of the site, site hydrogeology, and size of the landfill). These design components, performance criteria and design variables involved in decision process make performance-based landfill design a complex environmental problem. Decision support systems (DSS) are among the most promising approaches to confront this complexity. The fact that different tools can be integrated under different architectures confers DSSs ability to confront complex problems, and capability to support decision-making processes. In this thesis study, a DSS to aid in the selection of design components considering the design variables and performance criteria for performance-based landfill design was developed. System simulation models and calculation modules were integrated under a unique DSS architecture. A decision support framework composed of preliminary design and detailed design phases were developed. The decision of appropriate design components leading to desired performance was made based on stability issues and vulnerability of groundwater, using knowledge gathered from DSS. Capabilities and use of the developed DSS were demonstrated by one real and one hypothetical landfill case studies.
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Riahi, Zahra. "Backbone model for confined masonry walls for performance-based seismic design." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32195.
Full textAbstract:
Nonlinear models are of paramount importance in the emerging field of performance-based earthquake engineering. In this study, an analytical model is developed capable of
simulating the measured backbone of typical confined masonry (CM) walls whose
response under lateral loads is mainly governed by shear deformations. Equations are
developed for the cracking and maximum shear strength, and the cracking and ultimate
deformation capacities. This model is based on the results of both monotonic and
reversed cyclic experiments assembled in an extensive database, and developed through
an iterative linear regression analysis.
Owing to their anomalies, specimens with compression diagonal loading, height-to-length aspect ratio greater than 1.2, axial stress to masonry compressive strength ratio
larger than 0.12, and those with column longitudinal reinforcement ratio below 1%, are
not considered for the purpose of creating the, empirical equations.
Several statistical and graphical tools are utilized to identify the most significant panel
and tie column design variables; to set the functional forms that best relate them to model
parameters; and to diagnose influential points that may exert undue impact on the
analysis results.
The effect of openings and panel aspect ratio on the strength characteristics of CM walls,
the capability of existing equations to predict the observed backbone response, and the
limitations of the proposed equations are discussed in detail. Model variability is also
presented in lognormal fragility curves for different model parameters and at all limit
states.
The proposed backbone model is found to simulate reasonably well the seismic behaviour
of CM walls whose properties conform to the assumptions of the model. However, it fails
to track the observed backbone response of anomalous or atypical CM walls.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Guo, Tao. "Performance analysis and cooperative protocol design for contention-based wireless networks." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501170.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional perspectives derived from wired networks treat each user as an individual and are subject to a layered architecture which is unnecessarily restrictive as it ignores two key characteristics of wireless medium: broadcast nature and spatial diversity. Inspired by the recent idea of cooperative communication, it is realised that intelligent cooperation among nodes may significantly improve network performance by exploiting the above physical characteristics. The popular IEEE 802.11 protocol has been widely deployed in public due to its simple but effective distributed contention-based access mechanism. It is essential to incorporate cooperation into contention-based networks to exploit the benefits of cooperation while keeping the effectiveness of the contention-based access mechanism.
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Sirbu, Dan. "Occulter-based high-contrast exoplanet imaging| Design, scaling, and performance verification." Thesis, Princeton University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3665346.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last two decades, a large number of exoplanets have been confirmed with the rate of discovery increasing in recent years primarily as new instruments with improved sensitivities have become available. Direct imaging of an Earth-like planet is now an important goal of the science community. This is a challenging problem for two primary reasons. First, the intensity ratio between the bright star and its dim Earth-like companion is expected to be approximately ten orders of magnitude and, second, the angular separation to the star is very small.
An external occulter is a specially-shaped spacecraft that is flown in formation with a telescope in order to block most of the starlight before it reaches the entrance pupil thereby allowing planetary light outside of the occulter's inner working angle to become visible. Designing a shape for the occulter spacecraft to enable suppression over a wavelength band of interest requires modeling through scalar diffraction theory. Typical designs feature occulters that are tens of meters across at a separation of tens of thousands of kilometers from the space telescope.
In this dissertation, we focus on occulter design and scaling to enable experimental optical verification of occulters in the laboratory. We provide experimental results that establish a 10-5 suppression level in the pupil and 10-10 contrast in the focal plane, which are both approximately two orders of magnitude below the ideal performance of the testbed. We use numerical simulation to study the sensitivity of the occulter design in the laboratory and determine that performance is feature-size limited. We provide the design of a longer and flight-like occulter experiment, and study its sensitivity to determine the expected performance.
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Tugui, Catalin Adrian. "Design Methodology for High-performance Circuits Based on Automatic Optimization Methods." Thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013SUPL0002/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement d’une méthodologie efficace pour la conception analogique, des algorithmes et des outils correspondants qui peuvent être utilisés dans la conception dynamique de fonctions linéaires à temps continu. L’objectif principal est d’assurer que les performances pour un système complet peuvent être rapidement investiguées, mais avec une précision comparable aux évaluations au niveau transistor.Une première direction de recherche a impliqué le développement de la méthodologie de conception basée sur le processus d'optimisation automatique de cellules au niveau transistor et la synthèse de macro-modèles analogiques de haut niveau dans certains environnements comme Mathworks - Simulink, VHDL-AMS ou Verilog-A. Le processus d'extraction des macro-modèles se base sur un ensemble complet d'analyses (DC, AC, transitoire, paramétrique, Balance Harmonique) qui sont effectuées sur les schémas analogiques conçues à partir d’une technologie spécifique. Ensuite, l'extraction et le calcul d'une multitude de facteurs de mérite assure que les modèles comprennent les caractéristiques de bas niveau et peuvent être directement régénéré au cours de l'optimisation.L'algorithme d'optimisation utilise une méthode bayésienne, où l'espace d’évaluation est créé à partir d'un modèle de substitution (krigeage dans ce cas), et la sélection est effectuée en utilisant le critère d’amélioration (Expected Improvement - EI) sujet à des contraintes. Un outil de conception a été développé (SIMECT), qui a été intégré comme une boîte à outils Matlab, employant les algorithmes d’extraction des macro-modèles et d'optimisation automatiqueThe aim of this thesis is to establish an efficient analog design methodology, the algorithms and the corresponding design tools which can be employed in the dynamic conception of linear continuous-time (CT) functions. The purpose is to assure that the performance figures for a complete system can be rapidly investigated, but with comparable accuracy to the transistor-level evaluations. A first research direction implied the development of the novel design methodology based on the automatic optimization process of transistor-level cells using a modified Bayesian Kriging approach and the synthesis of robust high-level analog behavioral models in environments like Mathworks – Simulink, VHDL-AMS or Verilog-A.The macro-model extraction process involves a complete set of analyses (DC, AC, transient, parametric, Harmonic Balance) which are performed on the analog schematics implemented on a specific technology process. Then, the extraction and calculus of a multitude of figures of merit assures that the models include the low-level characteristics and can be directly regenerated during the optimization process.The optimization algorithm uses a Bayesian method, where the evaluation space is created by the means of a Kriging surrogate model, and the selection is effectuated by using the expected improvement (EI) criterion subject to constraints.A conception tool was developed (SIMECT), which was integrated as a Matlab toolbox, including all the macro-models extraction and automatic optimization techniques
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Gagne, Jaime M. L. (Jaime Michelle Lee). "An interactive performance-based expert system for daylighting in architectural design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63057.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-233).
Design practitioners are increasingly using digital tools during the design process; however, building performance simulation continues to be more commonly utilized for analysis rather than as a design aid. Additionally, while simulation tools provide the user with valuable information, they do not necessarily guide the designer towards changes which may improve performance. For designing with daylighting, it is essential that the designer consider performance during the early design stage, as this is the stage when the most critical design decisions are made, such as the overall building geometry and faqade elements. This thesis proposes an interactive, goal-based expert system for daylighting design, intended for use during the early design phase. The system gives the user the ability to input an initial model and a set of daylighting performance goals. Performance areas considered are illuminance and glare risk from daylighting. The system acts as a "virtual daylighting consultant," guiding the user towards improved performance while maintaining the integrity of the original design and of the design process itself. This thesis consists of three major parts: development of the expert system, implementation of the system including a user interface, and performance assessment. The two major components of the expert system are a daylighting-specific database, which contains information about the effects of a variety of design conditions on resultant daylighting performance, and a fuzzy rule-based decision-making logic, which is used to determine those design changes most likely to improve performance for a given design. The expert system has been implemented within Google SketchUp along with a user interface which allows a designer to fully participate in the design process. Performance assessment is done in two ways: first by comparing the effectiveness of the system to a genetic algorithm, a known optimization method, and second by evaluating the success of the user interactivity of the tool, its use within the design process, and its potential to improve the daylighting performance of early stage designs.
by Jaime M. L. Gagne.
Ph.D.
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Rao, Polarouthu Chandrasekhar. "A framework for the performance-based design of flexible manufacturing cells." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46062.
Full textAbstract:
A conceptual framework for the design and performance evaluation of flexible manufacturing cells (FMCS) based on the strategic objectives of firms was developed. Four different types of manufacturing task profiles were identified based on the primary manufacturing task, product characteristics, and manufacturing system characteristics of a strategic business unit (SBU). Performance measures were discussed for each of the manufacturing task profiles, and the task profiles of firms likely to implement FMCs were identified.
A methodology, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), introduced by Saaty, was developed to prioritize the manufacturing objectives of an FMC. The implications of each of the manufacturing objectives for an FMC were hypothesized and related performance measures identified. An interactivecomputer-based model, based on the theory of closed network-ofâ queues, was then developed to aid in the preliminary design and evaluation on an FMC.
Field work was cariied out to determine the practical applicability of the conceptual framework. Visits to a company in the Southeastem United States were made and an analysis of the FMC being developed in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, at Virginia Tech was conducted.
The framework developed in this research was used to determine the manufacturing task profile of the company, identify key performance measures, and exercise the AHP methodology for one cell. Operational measures were then calculated for the FMC, using the computer-based model.
Master of Science
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Tahir, Haseeb. "Development of Fragility Curve Database for Multi-Hazard Performance Based Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71794.
Full textAbstract:
There is a need to develop efficient multi-hazard performance based design (PBD) tools to analyze and optimize buildings at a preliminary stage of design. The first step was to develop a database and it is supported by five major contributions: 1) development of nomenclature of variables in PBD; 2) creation of mathematical model to fit data; 3) collection of data; 4) identification of gaps and methods for filling data in PBD; 5) screening of soil, foundation, structure, and envelope (SFSE) combinations.. A unified nomenclature was developed with the collaboration of a multi-disciplinary team to navigate through the PBD. A mathematical model for incremental dynamic analysis was developed to fit the existing data in the database in a manageable way. Three sets of data were collected to initialize the database: 1) responses of structures subjected to hazard; 2) fragility curves; 3) consequence functions. Fragility curves were critically analyzed to determine the source and the process of development of the curves, but structural analysis results and consequence functions were not critically analyzed due to lack of similarities between the data and background information respectively. Gaps in the data and the methods to fill them were identified to lay out the path for the completion of the database. A list of SFSE systems applicable to typical midrise office buildings was developed. Since the database did not have enough data to conduct PBD calculations, engineering judgement was used to screen SFSE combinations to identify the potential combinations for detailed analysis. Through these five contributions this thesis lays the foundation for the development of a database for multi- hazard PBD and identifies potential future work in this area.Master of Science
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Slovenec, Derek. "Multi-Hazard Assessment and Performance-Based Design of Facade Systems including Building Frame Interaction." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1560187143941942.
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Liao, Songtao Zerva Aspasia. "Physical characterization of seismic ground motion spatial variation and conditional simulation for performance-based design /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/727.
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Vercesi, Paolo. "Performance control of internet-based engineering applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2578.
Full textAbstract:
2006/2007Grazie alle tecnologie capaci di semplificare l'integrazione tra programmi remoti ospitati da differenti organizzazioni, le comunità scientifica ed ingegneristica stanno adottando architetture orientate ai servizi per: aggregare, condividere e distribuire le loro risorse di calcolo, per gestire grandi quantità di dati e per eseguire simulazioni attraverso Internet. I Web Service, per esempio, permettono ad un'organizzazione di esporre, in Internet, le funzionalità dei loro sistemi e di renderle scopribili ed accessibili in un modo controllato. Questo progresso tecnologico può permettere nuove applicazioni anche nell'area dell'ottimizzazione di progetti. Gli attuali sistemi di ottimizzazione di progetti sono di solito confinati all'interno di una singola organizzazione o dipartimento. D'altra parte, i moderni prodotti manifatturieri sono l'assemblaggio di componenti provenienti da diverse organizzazioni. Componendo i servizi delle organizzazioni coinvolte, si può creare un workflow che descrive il modello del prodotto composto. Questo servizio composto puo a sua volta essere usato da un sistema di ottimizzazione inter-organizzazione. I compromessi progettuali che sono implicitamente incorporati per architetture locali, devono essere riconsiderati quando questi sistemi sono messi in opera su scala globale in Internet. Ad esempio: i) la qualità delle connessioni tra i nodi può variare in modo impredicibile; ii) i nodi di terze parti mantengono il pieno controllo delle loro risorse, incluso, per esempio, il diritto di diminuire le risorse in modo temporaneo ed impredicibile. Dal punto di vista del sistema come un'entità unica, si vorrebbero massimizzare le prestazioni, cioè, per esempio, il throughput inteso come numero di progetti candidati valutati per unità di tempo. Dal punto di vista delle organizzazioni partecipanti al workflow si vorrebbe, invece, minimizzare il costo associato ad ogni valutazione. Questo costo può essere un ostacolo all'adozione del paradigma distribuito, perché le organizzazioni partecipanti condividono le loro risorse (cioè CPU, connessioni, larghezza di banda e licenze software) con altre organizzazioni potenzialmente sconosciute. Minimizzare questo costo, mentre si mantengono le prestazioni fornite ai clienti ad un livello accettabile, può essere un potente fattore per incoraggiare le organizzazioni a condividere effettvivamente le proprie risorse. Lo scheduling di istanze di workflows, ovvero stabilire quando e dove eseguire un certo workflow, in un tale ambiente multi-organizzazione, multi-livello e geograficamente disperso, ha un forte impatto sulle prestazioni. Questo lavoro investiga alcuni dei problemi essenziali di prestazioni e di costo legati a questo nuovo scenario. Per risolvere i problemi inviduati, si propone un sistema di controllo dell'accesso adattativo davanti al workflow engine che limita il numero di esecuzioni concorrenti. Questa proposta può essere implementata in modo molto semplice: tratta i servizi come black-box e non richiede alcuna interazione da parte delle organizzazioni partecipanti. La tecnica è stata valutata in un ampio spettro di scenari, attraverso simulazione ad eventi discreti. I risultati sperimentali suggeriscono che questa tecnica può fornire dei significativi benefici garantendo alti livelli di throughput e bassi costi.
Thanks to technologies able to simplifying the integration among remote programs hosted by different organizations, engineering and scientific communities are embodying service oriented architectures to aggregate, share and distribute their computing resources to process and manage large data sets, and to execute simulations through Internet. Web Service, for example, allow an organization to expose the functionality of its internal systems on the Internet and to make it discoverable and accessible in a controlled manner. Such a technological advance may enable novel applications also in the area of design optimization. Current design optimization systems are usually confined within the boundary of a single organization or department. Modern engineering products, on the other hand, are assembled out of components developed by several organizations. Composing services from the involved organizations, a model of the composite product can be described by an appropriate workflow. Such composite service can then be used by a inter-organizational design optimization system. The design trade-offs that have been implicitly incorporated within local environments, may have to be reconsidered when deploying these systems on a global scale on the Internet. For example: i) node-to-node links may vary their service quality in an unpredictable manner; ii) third party nodes retains full control over their resources including, e.g., the right to decrease the resource amount temporarily and unpredictably. From the point of view of the system as a whole, one would like to maximize the performance, i.e. throughput the number of candidate design evaluations performed per unit of time. From the point of view of a participant organization, however, one would like to minimize the cost associated with each evaluation. This cost can be an obstacle to the adoption of this distributed paradigm, because organizations participating in the composite service share they resources (e.g. CPU, link bandwidth and software licenses) with other, potentially unknown, organizations. Minimizing such cost while keeping performance delivered to clients at an acceptable level can be a powerful factor for encouraging organizations to indeed share their services. The scheduling of workflow instances in such a multi-organization, multi-tiered and geographically dispersed environment have strong impacts on performance. This work investigates some of the fundamental performance and cost related issues involved in such a novel scenario. We propose an adaptive admission control to be deployed at the workflow engine level that limits the number of concurrent jobs. Our proposal can be implemented very simply: it handles the service as black-boxes, and it does not require any hook from the participating organizations. We evaluated our technique in a broad range of scenarios, by means of discrete event simulation. Experimental results suggest that it can provide significant benefits guaranteeing high level of throughput and low costs.
XX Ciclo
1974
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Thio, Niko. "Provider recommendation based on client-perceived performance." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5773.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years the service-oriented design paradigm has enabled applications to be built by incorporating third party services. With the increasing popularity of this new paradigm, many companies and organizations have started to adopt this technology, which has resulted in an increase of the number and variety of third party providers. With the vast improvement of global networking infrastructure, a large number of providers offer their services for worldwide clients. As a result, clients are often presented with a number of providers that offer services with the same or similar functionalities, but differ in terms of non-functional attributes (or Quality of Service – QoS), such as performance. In this environment, the role of provider recommendation has become more important - in assisting clients in choosing the provider that meets their QoS requirement.In this thesis we focus on provider recommendation based on one of the most important QoS attributes – performance. Specifically, we investigate client-perceived performance, which is the application-level performance measured at the client-side every time the client invokes the service. This performance metric has the advantage of accurately representing client experience, compared to the widely used server-side metrics in the current frameworks (e.g. Service Level Agreement or SLA in Web Services context). As a result, provider recommendation based on this metric will be favourable from the client’s point of view.
In this thesis we address two key research challenges related to provider recommendation based on client-perceived performance - performance assessment and performance prediction. We begin by identifying heterogeneity factors that affect client-perceived performance among clients in a global Internet environment. We then perform extensive real-world experiments to evaluate the significance of each factor to the client-perceived performance.
From our finding on heterogeneity factors, we then develop a performance estimation technique to address performance assessment for cases where direct measurements are unavailable. This technique is based on the generalization concept, i.e. estimating performance based on the measurement gathered by similar clients. A two-stage grouping scheme based on the heterogeneity factors we identified earlier is proposed to address the problem of determining client similarity. We then develop an estimation algorithm and validate it using synthetic data, as well as real world datasets.
With regard to performance prediction, we focus on the medium-term prediction aspect to address the needs of the emerging technology requirements: distinguishing providers based on medium-term (e.g. one to seven days) performance. Such applications are found when the providers require subscription from their clients to access the service. Another situation where the medium-term prediction is important is in temporal-aware selection: the providers need to be differentiated, based on the expected performance of a particular time interval (e.g. during business hours). We investigate the applicability of classical time series prediction methods: ARIMA and exponential smoothing, as well as their seasonal counterparts – seasonal ARIMA and Holt-Winters. Our results show that these existing models lack the ability to capture the important characteristics of client-perceived performance, thus producing poor medium-term prediction. We then develop a medium-term prediction method that is specifically designed to account for the key characteristics of a client-perceived performance series, and to show that our prediction methods produce higher accuracy for medium-term prediction compared to the existing methods.
In order to demonstrate the applicability of our solution in practice, we developed a provider recommendation framework based on client-perceived performance (named PROPPER), which utilizes our findings on performance assessment and prediction. We formulated the recommendation algorithm and evaluated it through a mirror selection case study. It is shown that our framework produces better outcomes in most cases, compared to country-based or geographic distance-based selection schemes, which are the current approach of mirror selection nowadays.
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Lin, Yu-wei. "Benchmarked Hard Disk Drive Performance Characterization and Optimization Based on Design of Experiments Techniques." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/350.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes an experimental study offered by Designs of Experiments (DOE) within the defined factor domains to evaluate the factor effects of simultaneous characteristics on the benchmarked hard disk drive performance by proposing well-organized statistical models for optimizations. The numerical relations of the obtained models permit to predict the behaviors of benchmarked disk performances as functions of significant factors to optimize relevant criteria based on the needs.
The experimental data sets were validated to be in satisfying agreement with predicted values by analyzing the response surface plots, contour plots, model equations, and optimization plots. The adequacy of the model equations were verified effectively by a prior generation disk drive within the same model family. The retained solutions for potential industrializations were the concluded response surface models of benchmarked disk performance optimizations.
The comprehensive benchmarked performance modeling procedure for hard disk drives not only saves experimental costs on physical modeling but also leads to hard-to-find quality improvement solutions to manufacturing decisions.
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Borowski, Jimmy. "Software Architecture Simulation : Performance evaluation during the design phase." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5882.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the increasing size and complexity of software systems, software architectures have become a crucial part in development projects. A lot of effort has been put into defining formal ways for describing architecture specifications using Architecture Description Languages (ADLs). Since no common ADL today offers tools for evaluating the performance, an attempt to develop such a tool based on an event-based simulation engine has been made. Common ADLs were investigated and the work was based on the fundamentals within the field of software architectures. The tool was evaluated both in terms of correctness in predictions as well as usability to show that it actually is possible to evaluate the performance using high-level architectures as models.
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Wen, Tai-Hsin, and 溫代欣. "Study on Performance Objective for Performance Based Seismic Design." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59095082633129887926.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
93
Through the concept of seismic hazard assessment and the damage index criteria, a new approach to assess the performance of the structure with respect to the level of earthquake excitation is developed in this research. Through Fajfar’s hysteretic energy model and Park and Ang damage index, the damage-related hazard curves are generated. The parameters to be considered in these hazard curves include capacity and demand of system ductility, hysteretic dissipation energy capacity of the structural system, and structural period. Similarly, through the concept of dissipated energy during a sequence of earthquakes and the proposed damage consistent hazard curves, the residual energy capacity of a “pre-damaged” structure can be estimated, too. Re-estimation on the performance objective after a series of earthquake excitation can be conducted. Seismic ground motion data collected from Taiwan were used to generate the regression model in this study. In addition, the benefit of a structure during its life cycle can be estimated with the concept of performance objective. Through the economy parameter (B/C ratio), life cycle and expected damage level during its life cycle, the platform is established for client and designer to discuss what performance the structure should reach. It’s the major mechanism in performance based design.
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Shu-Hsien, Chao, and 趙書賢. "Development of Design Philosophy for Performance Based Seismic Design: Based on Energy Concept." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43539562599738734222.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
91
A design philosophy, based on the energy concept, is developed for the performance based seismic design. Four seismic design parameters, which can reflect structural displacement, structural restoring force, structural absorbed hysteretic energy during the earthquake ground motion excitations and structural residual deformation after earthquake ground motion excitations, are suggested to be used to derive the seismic demand for the inelastic SDOF systems. A physically based analytical model capable of describing the effects of pinching, stiffness degradation, strength degradation is used to construct the seismic design parameters and the seismic demand for the inelastic SDOF systems. Based on different definitions of the damage index, which incorporate with the hysteretic energy of the systems, the system’s equivalent ductility is estimated for design. Incorporate with the developed yield point spectra method the acceptable design region of the structures can be determined for seismic design and rehabilitation easily, conveniently and quickly.
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Powell, Ashleigh Boerder. "The social construction of performance-based design." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20023.
Full textAbstract:
Construction and operation of commercial and residential buildings in the United States have been identified as the single largest sector of energy consumption and contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Subsequently, buildings must be a primary target for reductions. From short-term incentives, to long-term milestones, building energy efficiency, specifically net zero energy buildings, have emerged as a significant and unprecedented objective for a variety of public and private organizations in the United States. Altering the practices of the building culture requires not only technological innovation, but also an understanding of how practitioners within the building culture see their role in transforming it. Consequently my research seeks to understand how building industry professionals comprehend their capacity to influence the cultural boundaries of their profession in order to account for and mitigate the impacts of energy and emissions in the built environment. Ultimately, this study is an investigation into the social construction of technological change.
The AIA+2030 Professional Series offered by the Denver Chapter of the American Institute of Architects has served as the single case study for this investigation. By limiting local conditions to the Denver-based Series and defining advocates as the self-selected group of participants, I’ve narrowed this analysis to reflect a workable microcosm of practitioners who are committed to the investigation and integration of net zero energy design, construction, and building operation practices. In order to substantiate this empirical analysis, I employed a triangulated series of data collection and interpretation consisting of: participant observation, interviews, and a survey. Data analysis involved an iterative process of coding and categorizing the primary key words and themes that emerged throughout my investigation.
Each of the perspectives offered during this investigation indicate that architects who are advocates of net zero energy building design perceive that consequential opportunities for fundamental change exist within the social and cultural facets of the building culture. Ultimately, by preferencing social and cultural activism over technological manipulation, these advocates have corroborated the notion that technological change is fundamentally rooted in social change.text