Relevant bibliographies by topics / Perfluoroaryl

Academic literature on the topic 'Perfluoroaryl'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Perfluoroaryl"

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Robinson, Stephen D., Arvind Sahajpal, and Derek A. Tocher. "Perfluoroalkyl- and perfluoroaryl-amidato derivatives of ruthenium, osmium and iridium." Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, no. 21 (1995): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9950003497.

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Diel, Bruce N., Peter J. Deardorff, and Catherine M. Zelenski. "Synthesis of new 2,3-perfluoroalkyl- and perfluoroaryl-1,4-diazabutadienes (α-diimines)." Tetrahedron Letters 40, no. 49 (December 1999): 8523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01692-5.

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Xie, Sheng, Juan Zhou, Xuan Chen, Na Kong, Yanmiao Fan, Yang Zhang, Gerry Hammer, David G. Castner, Olof Ramström, and Mingdi Yan. "A versatile catalyst-free perfluoroaryl azide–aldehyde–amine conjugation reaction." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 2 (2019): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00516h.

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Bonnier, Catherine, Warren E. Piers, Adeeb Al-Sheikh Ali, Alison Thompson, and Masood Parvez. "Perfluoroaryl-Substituted Boron Dipyrrinato Complexes." Organometallics 28, no. 16 (August 24, 2009): 4845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om900402e.

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Diel, Bruce N., Peter J. Deardorff, and Catherine M. Zelenski. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 2,3-Perfluoroalkyl- and Perfluoroaryl-1,4-diazabutadienes (α-Diimines)." ChemInform 31, no. 9 (June 10, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200009078.

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Kato, Hisano, Keiichi Hirano, Daisuke Kurauchi, Naoyuki Toriumi, and Masanobu Uchiyama. "Dialkylzinc-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions of Perfluoroalkyl and Perfluoroaryl Halides with Aryl Halides." Chemistry - A European Journal 21, no. 10 (January 28, 2015): 3895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201406292.

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Gerthoffer, Margaret C., Bohan Xu, Sikai Wu, Jordan Cox, Steven Huss, Shalisa M. Oburn, Steven A. Lopez, Vincent H. Crespi, John V. Badding, and Elizabeth Elacqua. "Mechanistic insights into the pressure-induced polymerization of aryl/perfluoroaryl co-crystals." Polymer Chemistry 13, no. 10 (2022): 1359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py01387d.

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The pressure-induced polymerization of aryl/perfluoroaryl co-crystals offers a strategic route to obtain sequence-defined polymeric architectures, such as diamond nanothreads, that feature a stiff sp3 hybridized backbone.
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Kobayashi, Masafumi, and Kenji Uneyama. "Synthesis of 2-(Perfluoroalkyl)- and 2-(Perfluoroaryl)benzimidazoles by Oxidative Intramolecular Cyclization of Perfluoroalkyl and Aryl Imidamides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 61, no. 11 (January 1996): 3902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo952224j.

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McPake, Christopher B., Christopher B. Murray, and Graham Sandford. "Continuous Flow Synthesis of Difluoroamine Systems by Direct Fluorination." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 2 (2013): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12381.

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Continuous flow methodology for the synthesis of perfluoroaryl difluoroamine derivatives by reaction of fluorine gas with an appropriate perfluoroaniline substrate is described, further demonstrating the efficient use of flow regimes for reactions involving highly reactive and toxic reagents.
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Proietti, Giampiero, Julius Kuzmin, Azamat Z. Temerdashev, and Peter Dinér. "Accessing Perfluoroaryl Sulfonimidamides and Sulfoximines via Photogenerated Perfluoroaryl Nitrenes: Synthesis and Application as a Chiral Auxiliary." Journal of Organic Chemistry 86, no. 23 (November 12, 2021): 17119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c02241.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Perfluoroaryl"

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Özer, Mehmet Sabih. "3-perfluoroalkyl-[Beta]-alanines, lipo-perfluoroalkyl-peptidoamines, molécules amphiphiles complexantes." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10129.

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La conception et la méthodologie de synthèse de molécules tensioactives perfluorées, ainsi que la caractérisation générale et particulière de leurs propriétés sont les objectifs que nous nous sommes fixés. De nombreuses études portent sur des applications médicales, impliquant des fluorocarbures et/ou des composés hautement fluorés. La chimie de ces dérivés organofluorés a, en effet, un impact important dans le domaine de la conception et de la synthèse de molécules à activité biologique. Ainsi, associer des structures polaires de type peptidoamines, telles que la carcinine et la carnosine, à des chaînes perfluorées à propriétés émulsifiantes, contribue au développement d'une recherche innovante dans le domaine biochimique et/ou thérapeutique. La caractéristique la plus fameuse des fluorocarbures est leur grande capacité à dissoudre l'oxygène et d'autres gaz, dans des proportions importantes. Mais pour une utilisation en biologie, ils doivent nécessairement être sous forme d'émulsions. [. . . ]
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Mei, Hua. "Perfluoroalkyl (aryl) sulfonimide zwitterions." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175185494/.

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Colomer, Vidal Pere. "Distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in the environment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670952.

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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of man-made chemicals that are widely used throughout society and found in the environment. These compounds are characterized by perfluorinated carbon chains of varying lengths with hydrophobic properties and containing an external polar and hydrophilic head. The difference between perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) are found on the polar head of the chemicals. In general, the characteristics of PFASs are based on the length of the perfluorinated carbon chain that they contain. As the number of perfluorinated carbons increases in the molecule, the water solubility decreases and the better the surfactant properties, but will be more toxic for the environment due to their bioaccumulation in the organisms. In recent years, the interest in PFASs has been growing due to their presence in humans and in wildlife species even from remote locations, which suggests a widespread global distribution of these pollutants. The highest concentration of PFASs has typically been documented in areas with direct industrial emissions. The main purpose of this Doctoral Thesis is to study the distribution and behavior of PFASs in different environmental compartments and to elucidate the interactions among them. In the first study of this Thesis, seventeen PFASs have been analyzed in the water-sediment-plant system along the Dongzhulong and Xiaoqing Rivers in China. The study area is affected by a fluoropolymer facility that belongs to the Dongyue group and is currently one of the major facilities of polytetrafluorethylene production in China. Some studies indicate a presence of PFASs in sediments and soils and these can be a source of pollution for wildlife, and humans. The second study is aimed to evaluate the environmental occurrence of PFASs in sediments, soils, and wildlife in the marine environment surrounding the Chafarinas Islands (South Spain) and the impact on gulls. The third study that composes this Thesis is aimed to evaluate the occurrence and 10-year temporal trend of seventeen PFAS in eggs of two gull species (Larus michahellis and Larus audouinii). These species are used as bioindicators of environmental pollution of Spain. The results of this Thesis show that the fate of the PFASs in the environment is explained by their physicochemical properties and the characteristics of the different study matrices. In freshwater systems, high amounts of PFASs in water and sediments close to the industrial discharge were detected, and concentrations decreased along the river due to dilution. In the water-sediment system, the results suggest that long-chain PFASs accumulated in sediment whereas short-chain PFASs remained in water all along the river. When including plants in the system, PFASs were taken up by plants and translocated in the different plant compartments, and the uptake mechanisms differed among plant species. Floating species show a higher concentration among plants because easily translocate long-chian PFASs direct from the water. Rooted species must compete with the sediment for PFASs uptake. Moreover, long-chain PFASs remain accumulated in the root compartment because of protein affinity while short-chain PFASs are more mobile and can be translocated to shoots. In the marine environment of the Chafarinas Islands, low levels of PFASs detected in soils, sediments, fish, and mussels reflected that the area is not directly impacted by PFASs. In this Thesis we also have estimated the bioaccumulation potential of PFASs, using gulls. We have estimated the intake based on fish-diet in gulls from Chafarinas. We observe that the release of PFOS to the egg is 4.5% of the intake and we provide the basis for using gull eggs as biomonitors. In a final study of this Thesis, we evaluated the presence of PFASs in four main gull colonies in Spain. When comparing gull colonies, eggs from the Ebro Delta and Medes Islands, both located in the North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, had a similar distribution of PFASs, while in Chafarinas and Atlantic Islands these PFASs were present at lower concentration levels and variability. In the Ebro Delta colonies, concentrations in eggs from L. audouinni were significantly higher than those found in L. michahellis, suggesting that fish diet influences PFAS bioaccumulation. Overall, ∑PFAS decreased in the 10-year study period but for individual compounds, trends were colony-species dependant. This thesis permits to increase the knowledge about the processes that rule the behavior of PFASs in water, sediment, soil, and biota. Also, this thesis demonstrates the advantage of performing systematic monitoring schemes to determine the presence and fate of PFASs in the environment.
El objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral es estudiar la distribución y el comportamiento de las sustancias perfluoroalquiladas (PFASs) en diferentes compartimentos ambientales. En esta tesis se analizan diecisiete PFASs en el sistema de plantas de agua-sedimento a lo largo de los ríos Dongzhulong y Xiaoqing, en sedimentos, suelos y fauna de las Islas Chafarinas (Sur de España), y para finalizar se evalúan las tendencias temporales durante 10 años en huevos de dos especies de gaviotas consideradas bioindicadores de contaminación. Los resultados de esta tesis muestran que la distribución de las PFASs en el medio ambiente se define por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y las características de las diferentes matrices de estudio. En el sistema agua-sedimento, los resultados sugieren que la distribución de las PFASs depende de la longitud de la cadena. Las plantas absorben PFASs y los transfieren a diferentes compartimentos de las plantas. En el ambiente marino de las Islas Chafarinas, bajos niveles de PFASs se detectaron en suelos, sedimentos, peces y mejillones reflejando el poco impacto de estas sustancias en esa área. También se estimó el potencial de bioacumulación de las PFASs en gaviotas y se evaluó su presencia en huevos de diferentes colonias. Los huevos del delta del Ebro y de las islas Medas, ambos ubicados en el Mediterráneo nororiental, tenían una distribución de PFASs similar, mientras que en Chafarinas e Islas Atlánticas tienen a niveles de concentración muy bajos. En las colonias del Delta del Ebro, las concentraciones en huevos de L. audouinni fueron significativamente más altas que las encontradas en L. michahellis debido a diferencias en la dieta. En general, la concentración ∑PFASs disminuyó en el período de estudio, pero para los compuestos individuales las tendencias dependían de las colonias y especies.
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Pooput, Chaya. "Syntheses and studies of perfluoroalkyl substituted compounds." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011625.

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Bao, Xujin. "Studies of liquid crystals containing perfluoroalkyl chains." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245204.

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Manzano, Salgado Cyntia Beatriz 1987. "Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and child health." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/585944.

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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are synthetic chemicals commonly used in industrial and commercial products including consumer care products, fire-fighting foams, ski wax, and oil- and water-repellents for leather, paper, and textiles. Prenatal PFAS exposure may modulate fetal growth, fat accumulation, metabolic function, and immune response yet evidence coming from birth cohort studies is limited. In this thesis we first evaluated the transfer of PFAS from mother to fetus and the determinants of maternal PFAS exposure during pregnancy. This led us to the main objective of this thesis, to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to PFAS and child health outcomes, specifically: fetal growth and preterm birth, obesity and cardiometabolic risk, and immune and respiratory health in early and mid-childhood. Data from the “Infancia y Medioambiente” (INMA) population-based Spanish birth cohort was used. The results from the present thesis indicate that PFOA can cross the placental barrier more efficiently than other PFAS, and that mothers were ubiquitously exposed to PFOS and PFOA during the years 2003-2008. We found little evidence for an association between prenatal PFAS exposure and child health outcomes (i.e. fetal growth and preterm birth, obesity and cardiometabolic risk, and immune and respiratory health). Prospective studies with follow-ups beyond mid-childhood are recommended.
Els compostos perfluorats (PFAS per la seva abreviació en anglès), com l'àcid perfluorooctanosulfònic (PFOS) i l'àcid perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), són productes químics sintètics utilitzats habitualment en productes industrials i comercials, per exemple escumes antiincendis, cera d'esquí, i repel·lents d'oli i aigua per a cuir i tèxtils. Durant les primeres etapes de la vida, l'exposició a PFAS pot influenciar el creixement fetal, l'acumulació de greix i la resposta immune però hi ha poca informació provinent d'estudis de cohort de naixements. En aquesta tesi primer es va avaluar la transferència de PFAS de la mare al fetus i els determinants de l'exposició materna durant l'embaràs. Això ens va conduir a l'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi, que era avaluar l'associació entre l'exposició prenatal a PFAS i la salut infantil, específicament: el creixement fetal i el part prematur, l'obesitat i el risc cardiometabòlic, i la salut immunològica i respiratòria durant l'infància. Es van utilitzar dades de la cohort poblacional de naixements Infància i Medi Ambient (INMA) a Espanya. Els resultats de la present tesi indiquen que PFOA travessa la placenta més eficientment que els altres PFAS i que les mares van estar exposades a PFOS i PFOA de manera ubiqua durant els anys 2003-2008. En general, l'exposició prenatal a PFAS estava poc associada amb els resultats de salut infantil avaluats. Es recomanen estudis prospectius amb un seguiment posterior a l'infància.
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Leclerc, Matthew. "Advances in the Fluorine Chemistry of Transition Metals and N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Understanding Perfluoroalkyl and Fluoroalkene Reactivity." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36218.

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The importance of fluorine in a wide array of different areas within chemistry and biochemistry has been demonstrated time and time again. Fluorine-containing products range from essential substituents in pharmaceuticals and relatively long-lived tracers for PET imagining, to fluoropolymers with outstanding properties, to essential components in most of the strongest acids available to chemists today. Fluorine’s extreme electronegativity makes it a truly unique element, but its acute toxicity in its elemental F2 form makes it difficult to handle, prompting researchers to explore different options for incorporating this important element into a variety of different molecular scaffolds. Due to the remarkable thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of C-F bonds, methods for forming and breaking these cleanly, and under relatively mild conditions, are in high demand. Fortunately, transition metals have greatly aided in this process. However, fluoroorganometallic chemistry is much less developed than transition metal chemistry involving hydrocarbons, and certainly less understood. One of the primary reasons for this relative dearth of fluoroorganometallic complexes is the difficulty associated with their synthesis. In this work, important steps towards perfluoroalkyl chain-growth within the coordination sphere of a transition metal will be presented, stemming in part from the synthesis and characterization of novel cobalt fluoride and bis(perfluoroalkyl) complexes. As important electrophiles, fluoroalkenes have primarily been used as monomers for the formation of important fluoropolymers. However, their direct reactivity with organics remains rare and is usually difficult to control, with limited substrate scopes. Herein, the formation of stable N-heterocyclic fluoroalkene adducts as versatile synthons for the incorporation of fluoroalkene fragments into various chemical environments will be introduced. By forming these adducts, the inconvenience of manipulating fluorinated gases in further reactions can be avoided, and the N-heterocyclic fragment is shown to aid in directing substitutions involving polyfluoroalkenyl imidazolium salts and organic nucleophiles to form a variety of C-E (E = C, N, O, S) and C-M bonds (M = Mn, Mo). The ease with which C-F bonds are manipulated in these systems is quite remarkable, as the substitution reactions occur cleanly and efficiently at room temperature, to form a variety of new bonds without the need for a transition metal. By expanding on the fundamental reactivity between N-heterocyclic carbenes and fluoroalkenes, attempts were made to correlate the observed reactivity with certain electronic and steric parameters unique to the utilized carbenes. Although a correlation has not yet been established, the effects of atypical steric constraints in a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene were demonstrated, wherein the initial point of attack by the carbene on the fluoroalkene was modified. It is hoped that this work will eventually lead to new roles for organocatalysts in fluoroalkene transformations.
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Llorca-Casamayor, Marta. "Analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in food and evironmental matrices." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97204.

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Per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of manmade substances synthesised for more than 60 years. Due to their specific properties, PFASs have been widely used for industrial applications including: electronics, textiles, food packaging, flame retardant formulae and laboratory tools, among others. However, it was during the last fifteen years ago that interest for this group of compounds as environmental pollutants was initiated. Due to their high release levels into the environment, stability and accumulation, PFASs have been found ubiquitous in the environment and in biota. In this context, the main goal of this doctoral PhD thesis was the study of the occurrence, fate and behaviour of a wide range of PFASs in the environment, in food and, finally, in some human matrices. In addition, the physicochemical properties studies and the aerobic biodegradation experiments of 3 perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids were also evaluated. Therefore, the first specific objective was the development of different analytical methods to study a wide range of PFASs in selected matrices. The analytical methods have been based on the use of on-line chromatography and off-line extraction, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. These methods have been employed to assess the presence of PFASs in different type of waters from different steps along the water cycle, and also in fish and other food commodities. And finally, the PFAS accumulation in human samples was studied in cord blood and breast milk. This work is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the general introduction and the objectives of this PhD Thesis. In the introduction, different aspects are revised, such as synthesis and global production, environmental fate and occurrence, human accumulation, toxicology, regulations and future trends. Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 present the experimental work undertaken during this research. Each chapter has been divided into a specific introduction, results (presented through the corresponding publications) and discussion. Part of the results contained in Chapters 2 and 5 correspond to the experimental work carried out in the laboratory of Prof. Dr. Thomas P. Knepper (Hochschule Fresenius, Idstein, Germany) during a four month research internship, a part of the European Doctoral Programme. Chapter 6 contains the general conclusions. Finally, a small summary in Catalan is presented. The cited literature and indexes for tables and figures can be found at the end of this work, as well as the list of publications produced along the duration of the pre-doctoral studies, but which are not presented in this thesis. The distribution of the publications included in this Thesis is the following: Chapter 2: Environmental occurrence Publication 1: “Analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in waters from Germany and Spain.” Llorca, M., Farré, M., Picó, Y., Müller, J., Knepper, T. P. and Barceló, D. (2012). Science of The Total Environment, 431(0): 139-150. Publication 2: “Analysis of perfluorinated compounds in sewage sludge by pressurized solvent extraction followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.” Llorca, M; Farré, M; Picó, Y; Barceló,D; (2011). Journal of Chromatography A, 1218 (30) 4840-4846. Publication 3: “Fate of a broad spectrum of perfluorinated compounds in soils and biota from Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica.” Llorca, M., Farré, M., Tavano, M. S., Alonso, B., Koremblit, G. and Barceló, D. (2012). Environmental Pollution 163(0): 158-166. Chapter 3: PFASs in food Publication 4: “Development and validation of a pressurized liquid extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for perfluorinated compounds determination in fish.” Llorca, M., Farré, M., Picó, Y., and Barceló, D. (2009). Journal of Chromatography A 1216(43): 7195-7204. Publication 5: “Study of the performance of three LC-MS/MS platforms for analysis of perfluorinated compounds.” Llorca, M., Farré, M., Picó, Y., and Barceló, D. (2010) Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 398(3): 1145-1159. Publication 6: “Infant exposure of perfluorinated compounds: Levels in breast milk and commercial baby food.” Llorca, M., Farré, M., Picó, Y., Teijón, M. L., Álvarez, J. G. and Barceló, D. (2010). Environment International 36(6): 584-592. Chapter 4: PFASs accumulation in humans Publication 7: “Analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in cord blood by turbulent flow chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.” Llorca, M., Pérez, F., Farré, M., Agramunt, S., Kogevinas, M. and Barceló, D. (2012). Science of The Total Environment 433(0): 151-160.
Les substàncies per- i poli- fluorades (PFASs) són d’origen antropogènic. Aquest ampli grup de compostos s’ha sintetitzat durant més de 60 anys. Degut a les seves propietats específiques s’utilitzen encara en l’actualitat en diferents aplicacions industrials tals com: electrònica, recobriments tèxtils, embolcall d’aliments, escumes ignífugues i material de laboratori entre d’altres. No obstant, no ha estat fins els últims 15 anys quan a aquests compostos se’ls ha començat a considerar contaminants ambientals. Degut als nivells que es troben en el medi ambient, l’estabilitat i l’acumulació que presenten, aquests anàlits tenen una distribució global en el medi i en biota. En aquest context, el principal objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral ha estat l’estudi de la presència, destí i comportament d’un ampli grup de PFASs (13 àcids prfluoroalquílics, 4 perfluorosulfats, 1 perfluorosulfonamida i 3 àcids perfluorofosfònics) en el medi ambient, aliments i, finalment, en algunes matrius humanes. En paral•lel a l’estudi dels esmentats treballs, s’han realitzat en experiments per determinar algunes de les propietats fisicoquímiques i la possible biodegradació aeròbica de 3 àcids perfluorofosfònics. Per aquest motiu, el primer objectiu específic ha esta el desenvolupament de diferents mètodes analítics per a l’estudi d’aquests anàlits en les matrius seleccionades. Els mètodes analítics desenvolupats han inclòs tant mètodes d’extracció fora de línia com de cromatografia en línia, seguit d’una separació per cromatografia líquida acoblada en tàndem a l’espectrometria de masses. Aquests mètodes han estat utilitzats per al posterior estudi de la presència de PFASs en diferents mostres d’aigua provinents de tot el cicle de l’aigua així com peix i altres aliments. Finalment, l’acumulació de PFASs en humans s’ha estudiat a partir de l’anàlisi de mostres de sang de cordó umbilical i llet materna.
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Filipovic, Marko. "Mass balance of perfluoroalkyl acids in the Baltic Sea." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88779.

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Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are man-made chemicals. Their unique properties make them beneficial for a wide range of industrial and consumer applications, such as constituents in fire fighting foams, hydraulic oils and food packaging materials.PFAAs have shown to be highly persistent in the environment, and the toxicological potential of long chain PFAA homologues is of a concern. International regulation and voluntary actions by the industry have been implemented and led to reduced primary emissions of PFAAs to the environment. However, the concentrations of some PFAAs in e.g. birds from the Baltic Sea are still very high and of ecotoxicological concern. Measures to reduce the PFAA contamination require an understanding of the sources and how the PFAAs are being transported in the environment.In this licentiate thesis a mass balance was assembled for perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in the Baltic Sea. A one-box model was used including the input pathways river inflow, atmospheric deposition, wastewater discharges and inflow from the North Sea via the Danish Straits, while the loss processes considered were sediment burial, transformation of the chemicals and outflow to the North Sea via the Danish Straits. Additionally, the inventories of the four target PFAAs in the Baltic Sea were estimated. Both chemical fluxes and inventories were estimated using recently published monitoring data (2005-2010).In order to obtain a detailed perspective on the current knowledge regarding PFAAs in the Baltic Sea, challenges and uncertainties in data selection were discussed for the most dominant input pathways. This included WWTP emissions and calculation of emission factors (EFs), atmospheric deposition and riverine inflow.River inflow and atmospheric deposition were the dominant inputs, while wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents made a minor contribution. The input to the Baltic Sea exceeded the output for all 4 PFAAs, suggesting that inputs were higher during 2005-2010 than during the previous 20 years despite efforts to reduce emissions of PFAAs. Comparing the difference between PFAA input and output with the PFAA inventory, the doubling time for the concentration in the Baltic Sea was estimated to be 8-94 yr for PFHxA, 12-16 yr for PFOA, 3-5 yr for PFDA and 4 yr for PFOS. The surplus of the input can be an effect of retention and delayed release of PFAAs from atmospheric deposition in the soils and groundwater of the watershed.The licentiate thesis contributes to a holistic understanding of the major input and output pathways and inventories of PFAAs in the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, it points out current knowledge gaps in our understanding of sources and fate of PFAAs in the aquatic environment.

At the time of the defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript

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Spector, Lovisa. "Supramolecular solvents for the extraction of perfluoroalkyl substances in water." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-66788.

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The aim of this project was to compare two methods for the extraction of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water samples. The methods compared were solid phase extraction (SPE) and supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS). Solid phase extraction is a sample preparation process where the desired compound passes through a solid phase and the method uses the affinity for the compound of interest to retain it in the solid phase while the undesired compounds pass through. Supramolecular solvents are an alternative approach for extraction of contaminants, for example PFASs. Supramolecular solvents are liquids that generates from compounds known as amphiphiles. The desired compound is extracted by binding with ionic bond, hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole bond, or other depending on the desired compound. A comparison of methods was evaluated based on method detection limits (MDL), recovery, matrix effects and repeatability. The recoveries for SPE (n=11) were best for short-chain PFASs with recoveries between 81-128%. The recoveries decreased with increasing carbon chain length, probably due to the sorption of analytes to the wall of the container or the reservoir that were not washed thoroughly. The matrix (e.g. surface water) for the solid phase extracted samples were concluded to slightly suppress the signal of most PFASs. The repeatability for the SPE samples had values between 8-59%, with an average of 18%. The recoveries of PFASs (n=4) when using SUPRAS for the extraction of PFASs from water samples were generally lower than those of the SPE method. Especially the short-chain PFASs have poor recoveries in SUPRAS extraction. For longer carbon chain PFASs the recovery for the samples extracted with SUPRAS showed better values (58-135%) but with decreasing chain length the recoveries also decreased. For SUPRAS method to be a feasible option, extraction efficiency of 50-120% would be needed. The matrix effects indicated that the matrix of the SUPRAS extracted samples enhanced the signal of most PFASs. The repeatability could not be calculated for the environmental (SUPRAS Method 1) SUPRAS samples since no replicate blanks were extracted. Spiking experiments on Milli-Q water was performed and had RSD values between 22-85% with a mean value of 39 %. This preliminary test of using SUPRAS as extraction method of PFASs in water need to be further developed. At present SUPRAS is not as efficient for the extraction of PFASs from water as using solid phase extraction. Screening of solvents and possibly salting out need to be tested to increase the efficiency of the extracted compounds.
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Books on the topic "Perfluoroaryl"

1

Améduri, Bruno, ed. Perfluoroalkyl Substances. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591.

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Kempisty, David M., Yun Xing, and LeeAnn Racz, eds. Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Environmental and occupational health series: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429487125.

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DeWitt, Jamie C., ed. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0.

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Thorpe, Adrian A. Alkyl and perfluoroalkyl siloxanes: Synthesis, surface energies and antifouling performance. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 1998.

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Barucki, Hubert. New fluorinated reagents for functional group transfer: The enlistment of steric and electronic effects of bulky perfluoroalkyl groups in synthesis. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Bao, Xujin. Studies of liquid crystals containing perfluoroalkyl chains. 1997.

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Améduri, Bruno. Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Synthesis, Applications, Challenges and Regulations. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2022.

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DeWitt, Jamie C. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Humana Press, 2016.

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DeWitt, Jamie C. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Springer, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Perfluoroaryl"

1

Burton, Donald J. "Perfluorovinyl and Perfluoroaryl Zinc and Cadmium Reagents." In ACS Symposium Series, 297–308. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0555.ch018.

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Garcia, Jason S., and Raymond D. Harbison. "Perfluoroalkyl Compounds." In Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 689–718. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch69.

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Amii, Hideki. "CHAPTER 3. Perfluoroalkyl Compounds for Industrial and Other Applications." In Perfluoroalkyl Substances, 66–112. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591-00066.

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Blesic, Marijana, and Pedro Verdía Barbará. "CHAPTER 8. Fluorinated Ionic Liquids: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications." In Perfluoroalkyl Substances, 388–439. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591-00388.

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Yamaguchi, H. "CHAPTER 9. Fluorine in Medicine." In Perfluoroalkyl Substances, 440–58. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591-00440.

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Aikawa, K., and T. Okazoe. "CHAPTER 11. Perfluoroalkyl-containing Compounds as a Tool for Drug Delivery Systems." In Perfluoroalkyl Substances, 477–515. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591-00477.

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Qian, Libo, Meiwei Huang, Yong Guo, and Qing-Yun Chen. "CHAPTER 5. Surface Properties and Biological Effects of Fluoroether Surfactants." In Perfluoroalkyl Substances, 146–65. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591-00146.

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Bock, A. Ronald, and B. Elisabeth Laird. "CHAPTER 1. PFAS Regulations: Past and Present and Their Impact on Fluoropolymers." In Perfluoroalkyl Substances, 1–21. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591-00001.

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Friesen, Chadron M., Josiah J. Newton, Jeremy Harder, and Scott T. Iacono. "CHAPTER 6. Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs): A History of Synthesis." In Perfluoroalkyl Substances, 166–356. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591-00166.

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Walkowiak-Kulikowska, Justyna. "CHAPTER 2. Poly/Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs) – Synthetic Methods, Properties and Applications." In Perfluoroalkyl Substances, 22–65. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167591-00022.

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Conference papers on the topic "Perfluoroaryl"

1

Dikici, B., M. L. Pantoya, and R. J. Jouet. "The Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acid Coating of Al Particles to Flame Propagation." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10078.

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In this study, two types of nano-Al/metal oxide composites are examined. The first Al sample is passivated with Al2O3 and treated with perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (C13F27COOH). The second Al sample is devoid of an alumina shell and instead passivated with perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (C13F27COOH). The goal of this study is to understand the role of the passivation shell and associated reaction mechanism on flame propagation. Results show that when there is no alumina passivation shell encasing the Al core the flame propagation rates are reduced by two orders of magnitude. All flame propagation experiments were performed in a confined flame tube apparatus which may not be ideal for characterizing materials with significantly different ignition sensitivities. Results indicate that flame speeds measured with this apparatus are dependent on the ignition sensitivity of the mixture. Acid treated Al particles are shown to be roughly five times less ignition sensitive than the Al particles with no acid treatment; however, both particles produce roughly the same heat of combustion in thermal equilibrium measurements.
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Dorko, Ernest A., Daniel E. Johnson, E. A. Walters, and J. C. Whitehead. "Dark reactions between F 2 and perfluoroalkyl iodides." In OE/LASE'93: Optics, Electro-Optics, & Laser Applications in Science& Engineering, edited by William E. McDermott. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.145222.

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Jouet, R. Jason, Joel R. Carney, James M. Lightstone, Andrea D. Warren, Mark Elert, Michael D. Furnish, Ricky Chau, Neil Holmes, and Jeffrey Nguyen. "LASER ABLATION ANALYSIS OF NOVEL PERFLUOROALKYL-COATED ALUMINUM NANOCOMPOSITES." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2832947.

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Casas, Maribel, Cyntia B. Manzano-Salgado, Berit Granum, Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa, Ferran Ballester, Carmen Iñiguez, Mireia Gascon, et al. "Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and immune and respiratory outcomes." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa5016.

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Averina, Maria, Jan Brox, Sandra Huber, and Anne-Sofie Furberg. "Serum Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Schoolchildren from Northern Norway: Dietary Impact." In The 3rd World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icepr17.162.

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"Adsorption of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds onto Microporous Agave Sisalana Activated Carbon Fibre." In Nov. 18-19, 2019 Johannesburg (South Africa). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares8.eap1119299.

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Jouet, R. Jason. "Preparation and Shock Reactivity Analysis of Novel Perfluoroalkyl-Coated Aluminum Nanocomposites." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2005: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2263615.

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Annunziata, Hannah, Dino Camdzic, Richelle M. Allen-King, and Diana Aga. "ASSESSING SORPTION OF SHORT CHAIN PERFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES TO CARBONACEOUS MATTER IN SEDIMENT." In Northeastern Section-56th Annual Meeting-2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021ne-361376.

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Dorko, Ernest A., E. A. Walters, and Daniel E. Johnson. "Kinetic modeling of the reactions between F 2 and the perfluoroalkyl iodides." In OE/LASE '94, edited by William E. McDermott. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.172704.

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Vara, Emily L., Dulaney A. Wilson, John L. Pearce, Jim C. Oates, and Diane L. Kamen. "1103 Perfluoroalkyl substances and community vulnerability: associations with lupus-related autoantibodies and disease." In LUPUS 21ST CENTURY 2021 CONFERENCE, Abstracts of the Fifth Biannual Scientific Meeting of the North and South American and Caribbean Lupus Community, Tucson, Arizona, USA – September 22–25, 2021. Lupus Foundation of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-lupus21century.46.

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Reports on the topic "Perfluoroaryl"

1

Mabry, Joseph M., Yvonne Diaz, Sean M. Ramirez, and Timothy S. Haddad. Functional Perfluoroalkyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (F-POSS): Building Blocks for Low Surface Energy Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533422.

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Chung, Seung Min, Yoo Jin Choo, and Min Cheol Chang. Effect of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on stroke incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0102.

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Review question / Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the occurrence of stroke. Eligibility criteria: We applied the following inclusion criteria for selection of the studies: (1) an observational studies including cohort, cross-sectional, or case-control studies; (2) exposure to at least one PFAS observed; (3) assessment of odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), or incidence rate of stroke per 1-log unit increase of PFAS. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) case reports and reviews; (2) duplicate publications of the same cohort; and (3) no data on the OR, RR, or incidence of stroke.
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Huang, Qingguo. Remediation of Perfluoroalkyl Contaminated Aquifers Using an In-situ Two-layer Barrier: Laboratory Batch and Column Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada600038.

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Hegge, Joachim, Berthoid Hoge, Jeffrey A. Sheehy, Karl O. Christe, and Rolf Minkwitz. Synthesis and Characterization of the First Examples of Perfluoroalkyl Substituted Trialkyl-Oxonium Salts, (CH3)2OCF3(+)Sb2F11(-) and (CH3)2OCF(CF3)2(+) Sb2F11(-). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409720.

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NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates (Perfluorohexanoic Acid, Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Perfluorononanoic Acid, and Perfluorodecanoic Acid) Administered by Gavage to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) Rats. NIEHS, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/ntp-tox-97.

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NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates (Perfluorobutane Sulfonic Acid, Perfluorohexane Sulfonate Potassium Salt, and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid) Administered by Gavage to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) Rats. NIEHS, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/ntp-tox-96.

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