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1
Caney, Simon. "Liberal perfectionism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390274.
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Egan, Sarah Jane. "An investigation of positive and negative perfectionism." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2147.
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Perfectionism has long been recognized as a factor that is central to understanding psychological disorders, as it is significantly higher in the majority of psychological disorders compared to the general population. The construct of perfectionism was examined in this research by exploring differences between positive and negative perfectionism. The literature to date has focused almost exclusively on perfectionism as a maladaptive construct, with little research examining if perfectionism can be a positive factor. The implication of the study was to determine if some factors identified may be potentially important in future treatments targeted towards perfectionism, as there is some evidence to suggest that perfectionism may predict poorer response to standard cognitive behavioural treatment. This research compared three different groups; (i) a clinical group with diagnoses of anxiety and depression (n = 40); (ii) a group of athletes (n = 111) and (iii) a student control group (n = 101). The research consisted of 5 studies. In Study 1, evidence was found for the validity, consistency of factor structure and internal consistency of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Subscale (PANPS; Terry-Short, Owens, Slade, & Dewey, 1995). In Study 2, clinical participants with a range of diagnoses were found to have significantly higher overall perfectionism and negative perfectionism compared to athletes and controls. Rigidity predicted higher positive perfectionism. Dichotomous thinking accounted for a large proportion of variance in negative perfectionism, and was argued to be an important factor distinguishing between positive and negative perfectionism. In Study 3, positive perfectionism was found to relate to faster performance time in athletes competing in triathlons, and negative perfectionism was not found to impede sporting performance.The Big Five personality domains were investigated in Study 4, and Agreeableness was found to be a significant predictor of negative perfectionism in the clinical group. In comparing clinical and athlete groups, athletes had significantly lower Neuroticism, and higher Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Study 5 was a clinical descriptive study that examined motivation to change and cognitions about failure in a select sample of clinical participants with extreme high scores on negative perfectionism and athletes with extreme low scores. The clinical participants reported many negative consequences, yet despite this recognition, the majority reported they did not wish to change perfectionism. Also, as the level of negative perfectionism increased, the degree of diagnostic comorbidity increased. It was concluded that it may be more useful to distinguish between positive achievement striving and negative perfectionism rather than positive and negative perfectionism. Clinical implications were outlined which included targeting dichotomous thinking and resistance to change in the development of treatments for perfectionism.
3
Egan, Sarah Jane. "An investigation of positive and negative perfectionism." Curtin University of Technology, School of Psychology, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16554.
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Perfectionism has long been recognized as a factor that is central to understanding psychological disorders, as it is significantly higher in the majority of psychological disorders compared to the general population. The construct of perfectionism was examined in this research by exploring differences between positive and negative perfectionism. The literature to date has focused almost exclusively on perfectionism as a maladaptive construct, with little research examining if perfectionism can be a positive factor. The implication of the study was to determine if some factors identified may be potentially important in future treatments targeted towards perfectionism, as there is some evidence to suggest that perfectionism may predict poorer response to standard cognitive behavioural treatment. This research compared three different groups; (i) a clinical group with diagnoses of anxiety and depression (n = 40); (ii) a group of athletes (n = 111) and (iii) a student control group (n = 101). The research consisted of 5 studies. In Study 1, evidence was found for the validity, consistency of factor structure and internal consistency of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Subscale (PANPS; Terry-Short, Owens, Slade, & Dewey, 1995). In Study 2, clinical participants with a range of diagnoses were found to have significantly higher overall perfectionism and negative perfectionism compared to athletes and controls. Rigidity predicted higher positive perfectionism. Dichotomous thinking accounted for a large proportion of variance in negative perfectionism, and was argued to be an important factor distinguishing between positive and negative perfectionism. In Study 3, positive perfectionism was found to relate to faster performance time in athletes competing in triathlons, and negative perfectionism was not found to impede sporting performance.The Big Five personality domains were investigated in Study 4, and Agreeableness was found to be a significant predictor of negative perfectionism in the clinical group. In comparing clinical and athlete groups, athletes had significantly lower Neuroticism, and higher Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Study 5 was a clinical descriptive study that examined motivation to change and cognitions about failure in a select sample of clinical participants with extreme high scores on negative perfectionism and athletes with extreme low scores. The clinical participants reported many negative consequences, yet despite this recognition, the majority reported they did not wish to change perfectionism. Also, as the level of negative perfectionism increased, the degree of diagnostic comorbidity increased. It was concluded that it may be more useful to distinguish between positive achievement striving and negative perfectionism rather than positive and negative perfectionism. Clinical implications were outlined which included targeting dichotomous thinking and resistance to change in the development of treatments for perfectionism.
4
Lapointe, Lise. "Étude des tendances suicidaires en fonction des dimensions du perfectionisme chez des adolescents des deux sexes /." Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/17749981R.html.
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Mémoire(M.Ps.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002.Sur la p. de t. : Mémoire présenté comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. Bibliogr. : f.98-108.
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Byrd, Megan M. "Perfectionism Hurts: Examining the relationship between perfectionism, anger, anxiety, and sport aggression." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1313597899.
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Wall, Steven P. "Liberalism, perfectionism and restraint." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339063.
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Geis, Hannah R. "Perfectionism and Negative Automatic Thoughts: Using Mindfulness to Help Perfectionists Effectively Respond to Failure." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1509561200908797.
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Nash, Christie Dolan. "Perfectionism in the work place /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsn248.pdf.
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Wahlstrom, Andrew Kenneth. "Liberalism, perfectionism, and religious communities." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3018399.
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Lauber, Elissa Ann. "Perfectionism: Good, Bad, or Growth?" University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1367171959.
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McDevitt, Patrick. "An argument for anti-perfectionism." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9007.
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In political philosophy, perfectionism is the view that it is the job of the state to best enable its citizens to live good or flourishing lives. It claims that certain lives can be judged to be sound, and thus instructs governments to promote those lives using state institutions etc. Anti-perfectionism denies this. It says that it is not the job of the state to promote good lives. Instead it should restrict itself to securing basic rights and duties, a threshold level of resources and so on. Citizens should be left to adopt pursuits however they see fit. For some anti-perfectionists, this is precisely because we cannot judge any putative life to be sound. However, many are not sceptics, and justify state neutrality for other reasons. All accounts of anti-perfectionism must overcome what has been called the asymmetry objection: what justifies the imbalance inherent in anti-perfectionism? Why believe that the state is permitted to act on judgements about justice, but not on judgements about flourishing? My thesis argues that attempts to respond to the asymmetry objection have failed thus far. Further, I offer an account of political morality that can overcome the problem. The first four chapters of the thesis clarify the debate between perfectionists and anti-perfectionists, narrowing the former down into its most plausible form. Chapters five and six focus on two failed attempts to vindicate anti-perfectionism – Brian Barry's argument from scepticism and Jonathan Quong's Rawlsian approach. In the final chapter I put forward a much more promising argument in favour of anti-perfectionism – justice as a set of constraints.
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Maloney, Gayle Kristy. "An aetiological model of perfectionism." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1801.
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Perfectionism has been identified as an important factor in the aetiology, course and maintenance of numerous psychological difficulties. The research to date has focused predominantly on examining the descriptive and maintaining factors of perfectionism, resulting in a paucity of research on the aetiology of the construct. A small amount of literature has identified parenting and personality factors as influential in the development of perfectionism, however these factors have been examined in isolation rather than in a multifactorial model. In prominent cognitive theories, parenting and personality factors are hypothesised to result in the development of particular cognitive schema, however this has not been tested in the construct of perfectionism. The aim of this study was to test a multifactorial, aetiological model of perfectionism that included parenting factors, personality factors and cognitive schema.In Study One, an aetiological model was tested that assumed that parenting variables (Parental Bonding comprised of low Parental Care and high Parental Control, as well as high Parental Expectations and Criticism) were intercorrelated with the personality factor of high Neuroticism. These parenting and personality factors were hypothesised to lead to the development of particular cognitive schema (Emotional Deprivation, Abandonment, Mistrust/Abuse, Defectiveness and Social Isolation) that contribute to the development of perfectionism. The data was collected using a range of measures with a sample of 311 clients currently seeking psychological/psychiatric treatment predominantly in private practice. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the congruence between the data and the proposed aetiological model. Evidence was found in support of the model indicating a direct relationship between high Parental Expectations and Criticism and perfectionism. There was also an indirect relationship between Parental Bonding and perfectionism that was mediated by core schemas. Finally, it was found that Neuroticism had both an indirect relationship, which was mediated by core schemas, and a direct relationship with perfectionism. However, two of the relationships predicted in the model where not supported by the findings, in that there were no significant direct relationships between maternal and paternal Parental Bonding and perfectionism.Study Two presented three explanatory case studies on the development of perfectionism. Client‟s perceptions of the salient factors in the development of their perfectionism were largely consistent with the aetiological model. However, clients emphasised the importance of parental modeling in the development of their perfectionism, rather than high Parental Expectations and Criticism, as would have been expected from the findings supporting the aetiological model in Study One. It is suggested that there might be two different cognitive pathways between parenting factors and perfectionism.It is concluded that models of perfectionism need to take aetiological and maintenance mechanisms into consideration. Moreover, aetiological factors need to be included in psychological assessment, case formulation and treatment. Clinical implications are outlined to extend existing psychological interventions to include aetiological factors of perfectionism to assist clients at various stages of psychological therapy.
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Blasberg, Jonathan Shael. "Perfectionism and positive and negative outcomes : can achievement motivation and conscientiousness account for "adaptive" perfectionism?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24177.
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We explored the assertion some have made that perfectionism can be adaptive (see J. Stoeber & K. Otto, 2006). Others have considered that what has been called adaptive perfectionism resembles a combination of achievement motivation and conscientiousness (P. L. Hewitt & G. L. Flett, 2008; T. Greenspon, 2000) but this has yet to be tested empirically. In a sample of 273 university students we found that three previously used operationalizations of “adaptive” perfectionism failed to correlate positively with self-esteem or life satisfaction. “Adaptive” perfectionism did correlate with positive affect, but when achievement motivation and conscientiousness were covaried the relationship ceased to be significant. “Adaptive” perfectionism also correlated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Because some have conceptualized “adaptive” perfectionism as a interaction between high standard setting and low ideal-actual performance discrepancy (K. G. Rice & J. S. Ashby, 2007), we used a regression analysis to test for this interaction and found it did not significantly predict positive affect, life satisfaction and self-esteem. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Riviere, Julie. "Perfectionism, rumination and eating behaviour regulation : are men and women equal in front of psychological processes involved in body dissatisfaction ?" Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H026.
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L'insatisfaction corporelle, définie comme la différence entre le corps perçu et le corps idéal (Cash, 2002), a été mise en évidence comme facteur de risque de nombreux troubles et symptômes psychopathologiques. Ainsi, l’une des priorités de la recherche sur l’insatisfaction corporelle est d’identifier les processus psychologiques impliqués dans le développement et le maintien de l’insatisfaction corporelle. L'analyse de la littérature sur l’insatisfaction corporelle, la rumination, le perfectionnisme et l’autorégulation a révélé plusieurs résultats intéressants ainsi qu’un manque d’information dans ce domaine. La plupart des recherches sur le rôle de ces processus dans l'insatisfaction corporelle sont transversales. Ainsi, il a été avancé que davantage de recherche était nécessaire pour examiner les facteurs de risque causaux impliqués dans l'insatisfaction corporelle (Watson et al., 2016). Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de développer et tester plusieurs instruments de mesure (questionnaire, tâches implicites et comportementales) et protocoles (conception longitudinale, inductions expérimentales) afin d'explorer les relations causales entre perfectionnisme, rumination, autorégulation et insatisfaction corporelle en tenant compte des différences entre hommes et femmes. Les résultats suggèrent des cercles vicieux entre insatisfaction corporelle, rumination et perfectionnisme, ainsi que des différences entre hommes et femmes sur les relations entre ces processus et l'insatisfaction corporelle. De plus, nos résultats concernant les outils de mesure implicites et comportementaux du perfectionnisme comme alternatives aux mesures classiques d’auto-évaluation sont encourageants. Un modèle présentant la manière dont ces cercles vicieux pourraient contribuer à l'insatisfaction corporelle est proposé et des orientations futures sont explorées dans la discussion généraleBody dissatisfaction, defined as the difference between the perceived and the desired body (Cash, 2002), has been highlighted as a risk factor of numerous psychopathological disorders and symptoms. Thus, one of the priorities in body dissatisfaction research is to identify psychological processes involved in the development and maintenance of body dissatisfaction. The overview of the literature about body dissatisfaction, rumination, perfectionism, and self-regulation revealed several interesting results and also a lack of information in this field. Most of the research on the role of these processes in body dissatisfaction is cross-sectional. Thus, it has been brought forward that more research is needed to examine the causal risk factors involved in body dissatisfaction (Watson et al., 2016). The objectives of this research were to develop and test several measurement instruments (i.e., questionnaire, implicit and behavioural tasks) and protocols (i.e., longitudinal design, experimental inductions) to explore the causal relationships between perfectionism, rumination, self-regulation and body dissatisfaction, while taking into account gender differences. The results suggest vicious circles between body dissatisfaction, rumination, and perfectionism, and differences between men and women on the relationships between those processes and body dissatisfaction. More, our results about implicit and behavioural measurement instruments of perfectionism as alternative to the classical self-report measures are encouraging. A model presenting how all these vicious circles could contribute to body dissatisfaction is proposed and futures directions are explored in the general discussion
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Stornelli, Deborah. "Perfectionism as it relates to achievement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28720.pdf.
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Tran, Mun H. V. "Perfectionism, motivational orientation and academic performance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60870.pdf.
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Riley, Caroline. "An empirical investigation of clinical perfectionism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424752.
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Mang, Fan-lun Franz, and 孟繁麟. "Reasonable disagreement, state neutrality, and perfectionism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182074.
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McArdle, Siobhain. "Perfectionism : a motivational, social/contextual perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274362.
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Williams, Charlotte J. "Perfectionism, health and preventive health behaviours." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807953/.
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The perfectionism and health literature suggests that maladaptive perfectionism is associated with a plethora of negative health outcomes and adaptive perfectionism with both favourable and unfavourable health outcomes. Additionally, a small amount of research has proposed maladaptive perfectionists may refrain from engaging in preventive health behaviours whilst adaptive perfectionists may engage more readily. This thesis explored the differences between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in relation to engagement in preventive health behaviours as well as addressing possible intervening variables in the perfectionism, engagement relationship (e.g. self-presentation, perceived stress, self-efficacy and affect). Four studies were carried out. In study 1, (N=370), using a sample of university students, results identified maladaptive perfectionism to be associated with decreased engagement in preventive health behaviours and adaptive perfectionism with increased engagement. Self-concealment (a self-presentational strategy) was found to partially mediate the perfectionism, engagement relationship for maladaptive perfectionists. In study 2, (N= 875), again with university students, (using a different conceptualisation of perfectionism), results showed that although ‘type’ of perfectionism did not interact with perceived stress to influence engagement, significant differences were identified between type of perfectionism and a number of health related variables. In study 3, results from a qualitative study involving university students showed that factors inherent in the university environment as well as factors characteristic of perfectionism prohibited engagement in preventive health behaviours. In study 4, using a general population sample, adaptive perfectionism was associated with greater engagement but no relationship was found for maladaptive perfectionism. Various factors were found to moderate and mediate the perfectionism, engagement relationship for adaptive perfectionism and adaptive perfectionism was associated with more benefits to engagement and maladaptive perfectionism with more barriers to engagement in preventive health behaviours. In summary, the results from this thesis suggest there are differences between the two perfectionism dimensions in relation to engagement and other health variables, although this may be dependent on the population/context being studied. More research is warranted to explore the perfectionism, engagement relationship specifically looking at different populations to establish whether maladaptive perfectionists in a university environment represent a particularly vulnerable group.
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Mang, Fan Lun Franz. "Beyond public reason liberalism : moderate perfectionism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:154eaccf-40fe-439c-b0b7-158e2e79d675.
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Should the state undertake the task of promoting the good life? Perfectionism is the idea that the state should promote the good life. Many philosophers have answered in the negative to the above question, so they reject perfectionism. This thesis aims to develop a moderate version of perfectionism, and seeks to defend it against several influential anti-perfectionist arguments, in particular the argument from public reason liberalism. I begin by examining public reason liberalism. John Rawls, Gerald Gaus, Martha Nussbaum, and many other political philosophers endorse public reason liberalism. They believe that state coercion should be publicly justified, and that perfectionism cannot meet the requirements of public reason. I argue that public reason is the object of reasonable rejection, so it cannot be realised in actual politics through state intervention in a publicly justified way. In addition, I argue that respect for persons is not a reliable basis for public reason. Thus we have good reason to reject public reason liberalism. Then I develop a moderate version of perfectionism. I contend that the state should promote the good life through supporting a wide variety of perfectionist goods, and that it should do so by using moderate measures and by appealing to perfectionist judgements of a moderate kind. Some anti-perfectionists consider that perfectionism would be unnecessary when a fair distribution of resources is realised. Yet a fair distribution of resources is not foreseeable. I propose several kinds of moderate perfectionist policies that are of great importance for any neo-liberal society where the distribution of resources is far from fair, and these policies are ultimately important for the good life, not only for remedying unfairness. Contrary to the positions of many liberal philosophers including Ronald Dworkin and Jeremy Waldron, I argue that moderate perfectionism should not be rejected on grounds of paternalism and unfairness to different conceptions of the good.
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Mang, Fan-lun Franz. "Reasonable disagreement, state neutrality, and perfectionism." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182074.
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Davies, Kyra L. "Factors influencing the development of perfectionism." [Chico, Calif. : California State University, Chico], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/81.
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Tonta, Kate Elizabeth. "Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Perfectionism." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88489.
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Kate’s PhD investigated the association between perfectionism and non-suicidal self-injury. Integrating the existing knowledge about perfectionism and non-suicidal self-injury, Kate proposed potential mechanisms to understand this relationship, incorporating the role of attentional processes, rumination, and negative emotion. This PhD included a range of research methods, including self-report and behavioural measures. The findings of this research provide new insights into the relationship between perfectionism and non-suicidal self-injury, and have clinical and theoretical implications for this field.
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Thorley, Dawn Michelle. "Exploring and challenging perfectionism in four high-achieving UK secondary schools." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24047.
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Perfectionism research is relatively sparse, particularly relating to UK secondary school students. International literature links perfectionism with both positive and negative outcomes in adulthood, including achievement and mental health difficulties. The aims of this study were both exploratory and theoretical; to explore the perspectives of students, teachers and parents in authorities in the South-West and North-West of England regarding the construct of perfectionism, to contribute to the knowledge on perfectionism in education (Phase One), and to investigate the role of schools and the educational psychologist (EP) in supporting students high in perfectionism through collaboration with students, parents, teachers, external professionals, EPs and the use of psychological theory to develop ‘best-practice’ guidance for schools and families (Phase Two). Semi-structured interviews using personal construct psychology and projective techniques were carried out with 32 participants. Of these, 17 were students, 6 teachers and 9 parents from a boys’ independent grammar school, girls’ local authority grammar school, ‘outstanding’ (Ofsted) comprehensive school and ‘outstanding’ (Ofsted) academy. Analysis of the interviews revealed significant gaps in participant knowledge regarding perfectionism (as based on the existing literature), particularly relating to its possible function and associated risks. Participants also held beliefs which are likely to contribute to the reinforcement of perfectionism in students.
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Stairs, Agnes Mariann. "EXAMINING THE CONSTRUCT OF PERFECTIONISM: A FACTOR-ANALYTIC STUDY." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1075.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.Title from document title page (viewed on October 28, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 83 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-75).
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Stedman, Jeffrey N. "Perfectionism, value pluralism, and the human good." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3215294.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 24, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-269).
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Tuncay, Ece. "Predictive Role Of Perfectionism On Marital Adjustment." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607389/index.pdf.
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This study aimed to assess the relationship between marital adjustment and the interpersonal nature of perfectionism. After controlling for depression and trait-anxiety, which were predicted to be linked with both marital adjustment and perfectionism, the relationship between marital adjustmentthe dimensions of perfectionism (i.e. self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism)
a specific aspect of perfectionism, perceived criticism (i.e. criticalness toward the spouse, and criticalness of the spouse)
and the related demographic variables (i.e., age, education level, length of marriage, and whether having child) were covered in a sample of 210 (105 female and 105 male) Turkish married individuals who are in their first marriage. The participants completed inventories on dyadic adjustment (Dyadic Adjustment Scale &ndash
DAS), perfectionism (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale &ndash
MPS-H), perceived criticism (Perceived Criticism Measures &ndash
PCM), depression (Beck Depression Inventory &ndash
BDI), trait-anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait Anxiety Form &ndash
STAI-T), and also a demographic information form. In order to analyze the data, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted for females and males separately. Altogether, the results for females revealed that higher levels of socially prescribed perfectionism, higher levels of depression and trait-anxiety, and having child were associated with lower levels of marital adjustment. Besides, if the woman thinks her husband is critical of she, then her marital adjustment score decreases. Moreover, the results for males showed that higher levels of socially prescribed perfectionism, and higher levels of depression were found to be associated with lower levels of marital adjustment. Furthermore, if the man thinks he is critical of his wife, then his marital adjustment decreases. The findings, and their implications with suggestions for future research and practice, were discussed in the light of relevant literature.
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McGee, Brandy Jennifer. "Perfectionism, social exclusion, and anorexia nervosa symptoms." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30952.
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Anorexia nervosa affects between 0.5% and 1% of the population and kills young women at a
rate 10 times higher than the normal population (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric
Association, 2003; Hoek, 2006). Perfectionism has long been recognized as a risk factor for the
disorder, but that relationship is not well understood. We conducted a longitudinal experimental
study to examine the effect of multidimensional perfectionism on state symptoms of anorexia
nervosa under conditions of social acceptance, social exclusion, and a control condition. In
addition to testing a diathesis-stress model of anorectic symptoms, we also explored whether
rejected affect mediated that relationship. The concurrent results indicated that both trait
perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation were predictive of affective, cognitive, and
self-evaluative symptoms of anorexia. However, only perfectionistic self-promotion and
nondisplay of imperfection predicted concurrent symptoms beyond the variance accounted for by
the Big Five personality traits. The longitudinal findings suggested that perfectionistic self-presentation
predicted a worsening of cognitive and self-evaluative anorectic symptoms over
time. By itself, neither trait perfectionism, nor perfectionistic self-presentation was predictive of
concurrent eating behavior or change in eating behavior over time. Tests of the diathesis-stress
model indicated that both trait perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation interacted with
level of belongingness to predict change in state symptoms of anorexia nervosa. However, the
different dimensions of perfectionism were predictive o f different aspects of the anorectic
experience. For example, socially prescribed perfectionism interacted with social feedback
condition to predict increasing dietary restriction, whereas self-oriented perfectionism interacted
with social feedback condition to predict change in state self-esteem, and perfectionistic self-promotion
interacted with level of belongingness to predict a worsening of anorectic thoughts. Moreover, with one exception, social acceptance had a negative effect for highly perfectionistic
individuals. Tests of the mediated moderation model revealed that rejected affect mediates the
relationship between perfectionistic self-promotion and anorectic thoughts about rigid weight
regulation in the context of social exclusion. The results are discussed with respect to existing
models of anorectic symptom development and implications for treatment and future research.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Ng, Man Kit Joe. "Exploring teachers' perceptions of perfectionism and giftedness." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29501.
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Perfectionism is one of the issues which may be a great influence on the development of gifted students. Apart from conceptualizing perfectionism as neurotic, perfectionism can also be identified as normal. The measures of perfectionism also reveal that perfectionism can be perceived from multidimensional perspectives: intrapersonal, interpersonal and adaptive and maladaptive. This study is the first to study teachers’ perceptions of perfectionism and giftedness. Six teachers with experience with gifted elementary students participated in this study. A semi-structured interview was used to elucidate participants’ perceptions of perfectionism and giftedness. Content analysis was carried out and six themes emerged, including their definitions of giftedness and perfectionism, the relationship of the two constructs and development of best practice to cater to the needs and challenges of gifted students with perfectionistic traits. These findings showed that 1) teachers had different ideologies regarding understanding the relationship between giftedness and perfectionism than those in extant research; and 2) teachers’ understanding of the issue of giftedness and perfectionism made them more willing to provide support and facilitate positive change for gifted students with perfectionistic traits.
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Coval, Simon. "Liberalism v. perfectionism : the personal ethics debate." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334088.
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Clarke, Simon R. "State paternalism and the neutrality-perfectionism debate." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c4511622-3874-40c1-b7b1-a224a6546c53.
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The purpose of this thesis is to compare the paternalistic implications of two opposing political theories: neutrality and perfectionism. Neutrality holds that the state must not appeal to conceptions of the good as the justification for its decisions. Perfectionism rejects this constraint. Applied to paternalism, perfectionism makes it permissible for the state to appeal to a conception of the good when it acts paternalistically, that is, interferes with a person for his own good. Neutrality requires that paternalism must instead be guided by considerations that are in some sense neutral between various conceptions of the good. Perfectionism supports forcing people into worthwhile conceptions of the good. It provides motivation for a wider range of paternalistic policies than neutrality does. A number of perfectionist strategies for resisting this conclusion are examined. The first is to appeal to the value of autonomy as a component of well-being. Paternalism, some perfectionists argue, undermines the value of living an autonomous life. I try to show how various arguments for the value of autonomy, even if accepted, fail to rule out a wide range of paternalistic policies. A second strategy is to appeal to the endorsement constraint. According to this, a person's well-being cannot be advanced by forcing her into activities that she does not endorse as valuable. I argue that the endorsement constraint is not plausible in its strong form, and that whilst a weaker form is plausible, it allows a wide range of paternalism. A number of other strategies, such as appealing to the value of activity, claiming that many worthwhile activities require people to approach them with the right intentions for those activities to be for their own good, and that paternalism undermines trust in the government are examined and criticised. These difficulties do not mean that perfectionism should be rejected. But they do support setting aside conceptions of the good when the state acts paternalistically, whilst not necessarily ruling out perfectionism in non-paternalistic state action. This conclusion is strengthened in two ways. First, by taking Rawlsian contractualism as a method of elucidating neutrality, it is shown that neutrality supports a plausible principle of paternalism. Second, a number of recent attempts to set out necessary conditions for justified paternalism, such as that liberty must be balanced against wellbeing, that the consent of the patemalised is needed, and that the conduct must be nonvoluntary, are examined. The arguments for these conditions all suggest that neutrality is a necessary condition for justified paternalism. The conclusion of the thesis is two-fold. A conclusion about the neutralityperfectionist debate is that neutrality is required for paternalistic state action whilst perfectionism may be acceptable in the non-paternalistic sphere. A conclusion about state paternalism is that it is justified only if guided by neutral considerations.
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Lakelin, Philip James Michael. "Perfectionism as a theory of the good." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627467.
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Shapiro, Matthew Abraham. "Enforcing respect : iberalism, perfectionism, and antidiscrimination law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ee83edc5-162c-42ca-92d8-498a09725d5b.
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Can contemporary liberalism justify antidiscrimination law? The question seems impertinent until we consider contemporary liberalism’s commitment to limited government. Once we do, we realize that contemporary liberals may not complacently assume that their theories justify antidiscrimination law simply because discrimination based on race or sex is so obviously wrongful. Rather, they must scrutinize antidiscrimination law just as they do other regulation of individual conduct. Providing such scrutiny, this thesis argues that three of the most prominent contemporary liberal doctrines of political legitimacy—John Rawls’s “political liberalism,” an antiperfectionist version of the “harm principle,” and Joseph Raz’s “liberal perfectionism”—all fail to justify core applications of antidiscrimination law, applications that we intuitively consider perfectly legitimate. In light of this failure, contemporary liberalism faces a dilemma: it must jettison either its commitment to comprehensive, uniform antidiscrimination regimes or its antiperfectionism and overriding commitment to personal autonomy. This thesis argues for the latter course by providing an account of the wrongfulness of discrimination based on race or sex that condemns all instances of the conduct. According to this account, discrimination is wrong because acting on discriminatory intentions is wrong. More specifically, by taking another person’s race or sex as a reason to treat her less favorably than one would treat people of other races or the other sex, one fails to respect her as a person, to regard her as a being of ultimate value. Unlike contemporary liberal accounts, this account is fully perfectionist, since it defines discrimination in terms of the intentions of discriminators, and the intentions of discriminators in terms of their attitudes, which partly constitute their moral characters. So long as we remain committed to antidiscrimination law in its current form, we must attend to discriminators’ characters. And to attend to discriminators’ characters, we must be willing to espouse perfectionism.
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Gomersall, Christopher. "Egalitarianism, perfectionism & support for the arts." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620347.
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This dissertation is oriented around two moral ideals. The first is equality and the second perfection or excellence. In the chapter 2 I review some of the literature on the seemingly devastating ‘Levelling Down Objection’ to equality. I am in agreement with Larry Temkin that the Levelling Down Objection is true only if we believe that ‘person-affecting’ value, more specifically, welfare, is the only thing that matters in the moral universe. Hence, the Levelling down objeciton is premised on the truth of an undefended, highly contentious monism about value The purpose for introducing the Levelling Down Objection in chapter 1 is made clear in chapter 3, where I suggest a new problem for egalitarians. Equality is a comparative relation holding between people. Relations are not properties, and, since it is widely assumed that value supervenes exclusively on properties, we need to show how a relation could be of value. It is crucial to be able say how this could be the case. However, this issue has, to the best of my knowledge, not been addressed in the literature on equality. If we cannot answer this quesiton then the value of the equality relation must reduce to the value of its relata. I try to offer a framework which at least goes as far as demonstrating that this need not be true. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with the value of perfection. I offer a careful reading of the work of an important defender and an important critic of this ideal, the former being Immanuel Kant and the latter being Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The aim of these two chapters is twofold; firstly, I show that the value of perfection consists in the development and cultivation of our capacities for rationality. Secondly I show how perfectionism illuminates the importance of culture and the arts. In the final chapter I bring the insights of this dissertation together in order to address a practical question; whether there are egalitarian reasons to support the arts.
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Lee, Meghan Amanda. "Parenting Perfectionism and New Parents' Mental Health." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338344617.
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Potter, Kevin Whitman. "Perfectionism, Decision-Making, and Post-error Slowing." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1418307845.
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Bull, Catherine A. "Perfectionism and self-esteem in early adolescence /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841131.
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Woloshyn, Wendy. ""More perfect": Towards a phenomenology of perfectionism /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2007. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/9308.
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Thesis (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2007.Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University. Senior supervisor: Stephen Smith -- Faculty of Education. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.
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Hunt, Jenna. "ACTing on perfectionism : a single case experimental design examining the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on multidimensional perfectionism." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2017. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/29722/.
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Perfectionism is a personality construct argued to be widespread with the potential for incapacitation (Pacht, 1984). It has been linked with a host of psychological difficulties impacting on social and occupational problems as well as physical and mental health. Interest in multi-dimensional perfectionism is growing and the search to uncover the domains within perfectionism which are adaptive, and should be nurtured, or maladaptive, and requiring intervention, remains ongoing. Perfectionism is considered transdiagnostic and targeting this construct may lead to symptom reduction across a range of other difficulties (Howell, et al., 2016). Cognitive Behavioural Therapies (CBT) are the current focus of interventions for perfectionism. Research has indicated some success in managing perfectionistic traits through CBT techniques, however, there are limitations to these studies. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a third wave CBT approach, focuses on altering the function of thought processes and changing the relationship with private events rather than trying to change the event itself (Guarna, 2009). This approach claims to be transdiagnostic and therefore may be an appropriate alternative to traditional CBT techniques for perfectionism. A multiple single case design was employed to examine the effect of a guided self help ACT intervention on perfectionism across five replications using self report and behavioural tasks as outcome measures. The effect of specific ACT processes was examined. Results were inconsistent across participants but some replication of effect was found for improved psychological flexibility, perfectionism and distress. The findings indicate that a guided self help ACT intervention could be an effective treatment for perfectionism, as decreased perfectionism and decreased self reported distress were found following the intervention. Further research is warranted to examine the impact of this intervention further.
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Brewer, A. Lauren. "Perfectionism and parenting : the relationships of perceived parenting style of parent, attachment, parent status, and gender to parental perfectionism /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025605.
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Ram, Alison. "The Relationship of Positive and Negative Perfectionism to Academic Achievement, Achievement Motivation, and Well-Being in Tertiary Students." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1300.
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The relationship between positive and negative perfectionism, and academic achievement, motivation and well-being in tertiary students was investigated. It was hypothesized that higher levels of positive perfectionism would be associated with higher academic achievement, higher achievement motivation, lower levels of depression, anxiety and stress, the use of more adaptive coping strategies, and positive personality variables, compared with negative perfectionists. Additionally, it was hypothesized that higher levels of negative perfectionism would be associated with lower levels of academic achievement, lower achievement motivation, higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress, the use of more maladaptive coping strategies, and negative personality variables. 99 first year tertiary students participated, 71 from the University of Canterbury, and 28 from the Christchurch College of Education. The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) was used to measure positive, negative and total levels of perfectionism. The short-form of the Ray Achievement Orientation Scale (Ray AO) was used to measure the level of achievement motivation. The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI) was used to measure the "Big Five" personality variables (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience). The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used to measure levels of positive and negative affect. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to measure levels of depression, anxiety and stress. The COPE was used to measure the use of functional and dysfunctional coping strategies. Demographic and academic information were obtained from student's academic files. The results indicated that, generally, the hypotheses were correct. Positive perfectionism showed associations with higher academic achievement, higher achievement motivation, positive personality factors, and more use of functional forms of coping, while negative perfectionism showed associations with negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress, negative personality factors, and more use of dysfunctional coping strategies. It is therefore concluded that positive perfectionism can have a positive association with academic achievement, achievement motivation and general well-being, while negative perfectionism can have a negative association with these factors. Many individuals are concerned with meeting high standards for performance. Consequently, the concept of perfectionism has been studied increasingly in the last few decades. The concept has evolved to now being formally defined, theoretically integrated and empirically measured (Flett & Hewitt, 2002a; Flett & Hewitt, 2002b; Rheaume, Freeston, Dugas, Letarte & Ladouceur, 1995).
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Marshall, Kelsey. "Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Perfectionism in Youth: A Multi-Informant Perspective." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39562.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent and chronic issue among youth. Establishing links between psychological disorders, such as ADHD, and personality constructs provides valuable information relative to understanding vulnerabilities, development, prognosis, and treatment outcomes. With an increasing awareness of the maladaptive nature of perfectionism, it is important to expand the evaluation of personality and ADHD to include perfectionism. The current study examined the potential relations between perfectionism and ADHD symptoms in a sample of 574 youth from the McMaster Teen Study from Grade 7 to Grade 12. Using path analysis, results indicated that ADHD symptoms predicted decreases in self-oriented perfectionism at every time point with one exception (Grade 11 to 12). Findings for the relation between socially prescribed perfectionism and ADHD symptoms were mixed; although socially prescribed perfectionism predicted ADHD symptoms at one time point, ADHD symptoms predicted decreases in socially prescribed perfectionism the following year. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Grøtte, Torun. "Metacognitions, responsibility, and perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive disorder." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16269.
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The aim of this paper was to further test Wells` (1997) metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Metacognitions` (thought-fusion beliefs and beliefs about rituals) influence on obsessive-compulsive symptoms was evaluated and compared to the role of two central cognitive beliefs; inflated responsibility (Salkovskis, 1985, 1999), and perfectionism (e.g. Frost & Steketee, 1997). The following hypotheses were tested: (1) Metacognitions, inflated responsibility, and perfectionism will be positively and significantly correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, (2) Metacognitions will be an independent predictor of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, even when depression and the cognitive beliefs are controlled, (3) The relationship between the cognitive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms will be dependent on metacognitions. The sample consisted of 62 OCD-patients, who completed an in-patient cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) with duration of three weeks. A series of correlational and multiple regression analyses were performed, and all three hypotheses were confirmed. The results provide further support for the metacognitive model of OCD (Wells, 1997).
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Riley, Helen. "Perfectionism and thoughts about eating, weight and shape." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421196.
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Temby, Philip G. "Perfectionism and depression : does pessimism play a role? /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spst278.pdf.
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Petherick, Caroline Margaret. "The influence of perfectionism on social physique anxiety." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4094.
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Activity promotion advocates regular exercise as a way of reducing mortality, thus providing a cost-effective strategy for public health improvement. However, many individuals embarking on a regime have unpleasant experiences and are more likely to withdraw. One construct identified in the literature that may contribute to this negative affect is social physique anxiety (SPA; Hart et al., 1989). Although the correlates and consequencesa ssociatedw ith SPA have provided invaluable insight, there still lacks conceptual focus. Therefore, adopting the tenets of Lazarus (1999), one individual difference factor important in the cognitive appraisal process that may contribute to SPA is perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). This motivational construct has been found to influence the appraisal process and predispose individuals to experience anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of Study 1 was to firstly, investigate the influence of individual differences in perfectionism on SPA and to secondly, explore the mediating influence of coping strategies on SPA, threat, and levels of enjoyment among beginner exercise class participants. In the first part of Study 1, four hundred and four (376 females, 28 males) participants completed measures of social physique anxiety, perfectionism, ability, importance, capacity beliefs, self-efficacy, threat, and enjoyment. In the second part of Study 1, only those participants who deemed that being good at exercise was important to them (N = 317) were used in the analyses. Path analyses results using structural equation modelling procedures provided adequate support for the first part of Study 1 (x I /df = 2.41, BBNNFI = 0.96, Robust CFI = 0.99), and little support for the second part of Study 1 (x2/df = 7.87, BBNNFI = 0.66, Robust CFI = 0.77). Although the research has acknowledged the importance of secondary 11 appraisal characteristics as contributing to threat, the importance of differing motivational orientations as contributing to variations in cognitions and affective responses (Deci & Ryan, 1985) may be equally important. Therefore, in addition to Study 1, the purpose of Study 2 was to investigate the influence of perfectionism on levels of self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 1985), SPA, threat, and enjoyment through the mediational role of perceived competence and autonomy. In addition to the measures used in Study 1, two hundred and eighteen participants (192 females, 26 males) further completed a measure of locus of causality for exercise and a measure of regulation in exercise behaviour. Path analyses results provided little support for Study 2 (x 2/df= 11.85, BBNNFI = 0.23, Robust CFI = 0.27). Overall, the results from the second part of Study 1 and Study 2 provide little support for the hypothesised relationships due to the overall poor fit of the models found. However, the results of the first part of Study 1 provided adequate fit indices suggesting that socially prescribed perfectionism more than self oriented perfectionism influences SPA. In turn SPA significantly and negatively influenced self-efficacy as would be expected. Furthermore, both self-efficacy and capacity beliefs significantly and positively influenced exercise enjoyment. The importance of investigating perfectionism and other individual difference factors as antecedents of SPA are discussed, and future research recommendations proposed. 111
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Asseraf, Marielle. "Longitudinal Links between Perfectionism and Depression in Children." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30298.
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The temporal relationship between two types of perfectionism— self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP)— and depressive symptoms was examined in a sample of 653 children across Grades 6 (depressive symptoms only), 7, and 8. A vulnerability model, in which perfectionism affects depressive symptoms, was compared to a scar model, in which depressive symptoms affects perfectionism, and to a reciprocal-causality model, in which both constructs concurrently affect each other across time. Cross-lagged paths analyses using structural equation modeling supported a scar model where increases in depressive symptoms lead to increases in SPP, but not SOP. The findings applied to both boys and girls. Results suggest that in childhood, depressive symptoms increase the perception that others are expecting excessively high standards from oneself and the need to satisfy this perception.
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Lowdon, Rachel. "Perfectionism and acceptance : perspective taking and implicit beliefs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9799.
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research examines associations between perfectionism and acceptance for the self and towards others, alongside their link with psychological health. Reported beliefs are compared with underlying implicit beliefs, as measured by response latencies on the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP; Barnes-Holmes et al., 2006). Ninetynine native English-language speaking university students completed measures of selforiented and other-oriented perfectionism, unconditional self-acceptance, acceptance of others and general health; together with the IRAP computer task. Self-perfectionism scores were observed to be significantly higher than other-perfectionism scores on both explicit and implicit measures. Acceptance of others was significantly higher than selfacceptance on explicit measures; however the two were non-significantly different as recorded by the IRAP. This suggests that participants may have under-reported selfacceptance levels or over-reported their acceptance of others. Possible reasons for this are explored. In addition, all explicit measures demonstrated no significant associations with implicit findings; meaning that participants‟ responses to the assessment tasks appeared to be driven by different processes. Low levels of explicit self-acceptance were the biggest predictor of psychological distress. As such, this research provides further support for the move towards acceptance-based strategies in the treatment of clinical perfectionism.
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Canter, David Edward. "Self-Appraisals, Perfectionism, and Academics in College Undergraduates." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1375.
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The influences on perfectionism and procrastination of race, gender, cognitive-affective and academic self-appraisals, and academic performance expectations were studied. The sample consisted of 155 Introductory Psychology students (57 African Americans, 41 Asian Americans, and 57 European Americans; 51.6% women) with a mean age of 19.4 years (SD = 3.6). Data were collected during the final week of the Fall 2007 semester. Consistent with previous research indicating that men are more likely to procrastinate than women, men were over-represented in this sample. Self-esteem, measured with the Rosenberg (1965) Self-Esteem Scale, was conceptualized as having two components: self-liking and self-competence (Tafarodi & Milne, 2002). Guilt- and shame-proneness were measured with the Test of Self-Conscious Affect, Version 3, Short-form (TOSCA-3S; Tangney & Dearing, 2002). Academic self-confidence was measured with the Personal Evaluation Inventory (Shrauger & Schohn, 1995). A number of single-item questions concerning aspects related to students' Grade Point Average (GPA) were included. The High Standards and Discrepancy scales of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R; Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001) represented the criterions of adaptive (AP) and maladaptive perfectionism (MP), respectively. The Aitken (1982) Procrastination Inventory was used as the criterion for procrastination. Components of self-esteem differentially predicted perfectionism. African Americans were significantly lower in shame-proneness. While there were non-perfectionists and AP's/MP's in each race and gender, African Americans were significantly higher in AP and Asian Americans were significantly higher in MP. Additionally, Asian American men were more likely to procrastinate. These results counter the "model minority" stereotype of Asian Americans, showing that they are at higher risk for personal and academic distress than their Black and White classmates. While women had higher GPA's and were more likely to be AP's, men had higher levels of academic self-confidence and expected to achieve higher GPA's. Regardless of race or gender, students with GPA's of 3.5 or higher (on a 4.0 scale) were more likely to be both types of perfectionists. Academic self-confidence was a significant positive predictor of AP and a negative predictor for MP and procrastination. This suggests that helping students improve their academic self-confidence could have many benefits.