Relevant bibliographies by topics / Perfect combustion

Academic literature on the topic 'Perfect combustion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Perfect combustion"

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Tuccar, Gökhan, Göktürk Memduh Özkan, and Kadir Aydın. "Determınatıon of Atomızatıon Characterıstıcs of a Dıesel Injector." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.826.

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Atomization of liquid fuels is very important topic for combustion studies since it enhances air/ fuel mixing process and therefore ensures perfect combustion. With today’s common diesel injectors, fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber with extremely high pressures which exceed 1300 bar in order to obtain perfect atomization. However, these high injection pressures unfortunately create some problems in the injection system such as cavitation erosion which may lead to mechanical failure. Introducing of air into the injector prior to combustion will increase fuel atomization, provide more complete combustion, enhance fuel economy and results in lower engine emissions. The aim of this study is to investigate atomization behaviour of a newly introduced diesel engine which mixes air and fuel prior to combustion chamber.
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Andrizal, Rusfandi, and Rivanol Chadry. "Implementasi Metoda Sum Squared Error untuk Identifikasi Kategori Pembakaran Mesin Sepeda Motor 4 Tak Bahan Bakar Bensin." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 11, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.11.2.22.

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Motorcycles with injection system uses engine scanner tool as a reference for a mechanic when performing a tune-up to find out and get the engine firing conditions were perfect. Unlike the motorcycle carburetor system, relying only on the experience of a mechanic. If using tools, usually using exhaust emission analyzer which only serves to measure the levels of elements and compounds and exhaust emissions and it can not be used to identify the condition of the combustion engine. Besides, not all the workshops have it, just a certain manufacturer authorized workshops, garages and a large scale or related government agencies that have it. There are two categories of combustion engine, the first engine combustion conditions are not perfect and complete combustion conditions. Perfect engine combustion conditions is needed so that maximum engine performance with an efficient use of fuel. This study aims to make a device that is capable of detecting the condition of combustion 4-stroke motorcycle carburetor system using the method of sum square error (SSE) through the value of the data patterns of exhaust emissions based gas sensors. The study, of the five categories of motorcycles with the manufacturer, type and year of manufacture of different shows that, the system made capable of identifying categories of combustion engine based on the SSE on the identification and reference set. The success rate of identification detection system performs the complete combustion of 89.33% and 97.99% of incomplete combustion.
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Arora, Nidhi, and Swati Mehta. "Air fuel ratio detector corrector for combustion engines using adaptive neuro-fuzzy networks." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 3, no. 2 (May 29, 2013): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2013.00152.

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A perfect mix of the air and fuel in internal combustion engines is desirable for proper combustion of fuel with air. The vehicles running on road emit harmful gases due to improper combustion. This problem is severe in heavy vehicles like locomotive engines. To overcome this problem, generally an operator opens or closes the valve of fuel injection pump of locomotive engines to control amount of air going inside the combustion chamber, which requires constant monitoring. A model is proposed in this paper to alleviate combustion process. The method involves recording the time-varying flow of fuel components in combustion chamber. A Fuzzy Neural Network is trained for around 40 fuels to ascertain the required amount of air to form a standard mix to produce non-harmful gases and about 12 fuels are used for testing the network’s performance. The network then adaptively determines the additional/subtractive amount of air required for proper combustion. Mean square error calculation ensures the effectiveness of the network’s performance.
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NAKAMURA, Masamichi, Kazuhiro YAMAMOTO, and Hiroshi YAMASHITA. "303 Simulation on Soot Combustion in Diesel Exhaust Gas Perfect Burning System." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2008.18 (2008): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2008.18.270.

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Beccantini, A., and E. Studer. "The reactive Riemann problem for thermally perfect gases at all combustion regimes." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 64, no. 3 (September 8, 2009): 269–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2149.

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Komatsu, Teruya, Reiko Kaji, Shun Okazaki, Ikuko Miyawaki, Kyousuke Ishihara, and Yutaka Takahashi. "Endotracheal Tube Ignition During the Intratracheal Laser Treatment." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 16, no. 6 (December 2008): e49-e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/021849230801600623.

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We experienced the combustion of the endotracheal tube during a bronchoscopic potassium titanyl phosphate laser resection of an intratracheal metastatic tumor. Some preventive precautions have been reported, however, none of them are absolutely perfect. We report the rare occurrence of tracheal tube ignition, preventive measures and treatment strategies for the resultant airway burn.
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Yuniarto, Winoko Agus, Hertomo Bambang, and Nurhadi Nurhadi. "PENGGUNAAN HYDRO-CRACK SYSTEM SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KINERJA MESIN." ROTOR 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v11i2.9323.

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The use of hydro-crack systems in combustion motors in addition to functioning to improve exhaust emissions and improve engine performance through the combustion process. Perfect combustion can be adjusted during the combustion process. The purpose of the study was to determine the select magnitude of power increase, decrease fuel consumption and increase the average effective pressure and rotation of the use of 92 octane fuel without HCS. The method of testing engine performance in obtaining data is constant speed (v boarding) based on ISO 1585. Subsequent data signifies presented in a graphical form which is then calculated by statistics. Power increased 2.83hP and bmep 43.19kPa at 4000rpm, sfc dropped 0.0358kg / hP. Hours at 1000rpm and rose by 43.19kPa, when using 92 octane fuel against the standard. When using octane 95 with HCS the power rises 7.95hP at 4000rpm, buys 28.42 kPa when 4500 and sfc drop 0.0537kg / hp. Hours at 1000rpm Keywords: power, fuel consumption, effective average pressure, octane value, hydro-crack system
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Xue, Gang, Xue Fang Zhang, Sai Fei Wang, and Chao Yue Zhao. "Preparation and Characterization of Perovskite-Type Oxide Catalysts for Combustion of Methane." Advanced Materials Research 427 (January 2012): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.427.77.

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A series of rare earth perovskite-type oxides La09Sr0.1Co0.9Mn0.1O3La08Sr0.2Co0.8Mn0.2O3and La05Sr0.5Co0.5Mn0.5O3were prepared along the sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy techniques (TEM) and catalytic activity measurement for combustion of CH4. The results indicated that a perfect crystal structure of perovskite was formed and La3+and Co3+ions were partly replaced by Sr2+and Mn3+ions, respectively, and perovskite-type oxides were composed of nanocrystals with particle size of 20~50nm. The catalytic activity for the combustion of CH4 was evaluated and La05Sr0.5Co0.5Mn0.5O3exhibited best performance with the temperature of 50% and 90% conversion efficiency of 723K and 833K.
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Riza, Abrar, Hansel Hansel, and Harto Tanujaya. "PENGARUH UKURAN ATOMISASI BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA MOTOR BAKAR." POROS 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v15i2.1269.

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Abstract: The size of droplet affects the evaporation of the fuel. The greater the size of droplet is also the energy of fuel evaporation. The evaporation energy is directly proportional to the size of the droplet and oxidation must be mixed homogeneously. Mixing conditions in the combustion process affect the rate of combustion. One of the conditions of combustion is the droplet to the vapor. The more perfect the evaporation process the better the combustion process. This study saw the success of combustion due to the size of droplet on the performance. The droplet produced by atomization in the form of liquid granules. The size of atomization is the determinant of burning success. The four-stroke Otto engine performance depends on the size of the atomization in order to mix well with the oxidant during combustion process. The results of the research characteristic of the machine are due to the influence of the size of the droplet seen from the generated power, torque and thermal efficiency. Characteristic features increase with decreasing the size of the droplet. Torque increased 7.9%, power generated increased 7%, and thermal efficiency increased up to 7.3%. The results of this study show size of the droplet can improve the performance of engine.
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Priambadi, I. Gusti Ngurah, I. Ketut Gede Sugita, A. A. I. A. Sri Komaladewi, Ketut Astawa, and I. Wayan Bandem Adnyana. "Redesign Combustion Air Shelter of the Furnace to Improve the Performance in Melting Bronze for Manufacturing Gamelan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (July 2015): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.355.

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Gamelan Bali is a set of Balinese traditional musical instruments used to accompany a series of cultural and religious ceremonies or performances. The existence of gamelan has been famous to foreign countries. Therefore, gamelan is not only produced for national orders but also for international orders. Almost 75% of gamelan production process is done using traditional method, namely: smelting, forging, grinding (Sruti) to get the basic tone, and assembly. Smelting process uses traditional furnace, where combustion air is blown from the blower through the injector into the combustion chamber of melting furnace. Open model furnace is used so that the heat generated in the combustion of the fuel is not perfect and it consumes more fuel. This condition, of course, impacts on pollutant factors produced in the combustion process and production cost that is relatively high. To minimize that problem, a change in the combustion air shelters form is done. The use of this method in the smelting process is expected to reduce the production cost, especially in fuel use and to reduce pollutants produced in the combustion process. Studies have shown that the application of the above method reduces the fuel consumption up to 20%. The decrease in the fuel consumption due to the fuel (charcoal) is wrapped by more air, thus it makes the fuel combustion process work better.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Perfect combustion"

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Coussement, Axel. "Direct numerical simulation and reduced chemical schemes for combustion of perfect and real gases." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209765.

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La première partie de cette thèse traite du développement du code de simulation numérique directe YWC, principalement du développement des conditions aux limites. En effet, une forte contribution scientifique a été apportée aux conditions aux limites appelées "Three dimensional Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary condtions" (3D-NSCBC). Premièrement, la formulation de ces conditions aux arêtes et coins a été complétée, ensuite une extension de la formulation a été proposée pour supprimer les déformations observées en sortie dans le cas d'écoulements non-perpendiculaires à la frontière.

De plus, ces conditions ont été étendues au cas des gaz réels et une nouvelle définition du facteur de relaxation pour la pression a été proposée. Ce nouveau facteur de relaxation permet de supprimer les déformations observées en sortie pour des écoulements transcritiques.

Les résultats obtenus avec le code YWC ont ensuite été utilisés dans la seconde partie de la thèse pour développer une nouvelle méthode de tabulation basée sur l'analyse en composantes principales. Par rapport aux méthodes existante telles que FPI ou SLFM, la technique proposée, permet une identification automatique des variables à transporter et n'est, de plus, pas lié à un régime de combustion spécifique. Cette technique a permis d'effectuer des calculs d'interaction flamme-vortex en ne transportant que 5 espèces à la place des 9 requises pour le calcul en chimie détaillée complète, sans pour autant perdre en précision.

Finalement, dans le but de réduire encore le nombre d'espèces transportées, les techniques T-BAKED et HT-BAKED PCA ont été introduites. En utilisant une pondération des points sous-représentés, ces deux techniques permettent d'augmenter la précision de l'analyse par composantes principales dans le cadre des phénomènes de combustion.


Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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de, Rooy S. C. "Improved efficiencies in flame weeding." Lincoln University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/18.

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Possible areas of improving the efficiencies of the Lincoln University flame weeder are identified and investigated. The Hoffmann burner initially used in the Lincoln University flame weeder was found not to entrain sufficient air to allow complete combustion of the LPG used. A new burner, the Modified Lincoln University burner, was designed to improve the entrainment of air. Results show that the new design entrained sufficient air to theoretically allow complete combustion of the LPG, and this resulted in a 22.7% increase in heat output per Kg of LPG used over the Hoffmann burner. Temperature x time exposure constants required to kill weeds 0 - 15, 15 - 30, and 30 - 45 mm in size, were found to be respectively 750, 882, and 989 degrees Celsius.Seconds. These constants can be used to calculate the maximum speed of travel an operator can use a flame weeder at, once the temperature profile underneath its shields are established at various travel speeds, and therefore ensure that the flame weeder is used at its maximum efficiency. The constants can also be used to establish the cost efficiency of any flame weeder (in $/Ha), depending on the size of the weeds to be treated. The materials and methods used in establishing the temperature x time exposure constants can be used to establish the temperature x time exposure constant of any weed species at any size.
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Little, A. Tyler. "Analysis of alternative fuel combustion in a perfectly stirred reactor." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/24514.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains xii, 63 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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AlAdawy, Ahmed S. "Effects of Turbulence on NOx Emissions from Lean Perfectly-Premixed Combustion." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406808796.

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Adhikari, Sudip. "Accelerating the Computation of Chemical Reaction Kinetics for Modeling Turbulent Reacting Flows." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1510259399348102.

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Ghani, Abdulla. "LES of self-excited transverse combustion instabilities in perfectly-premixed and swirling spray flames." Phd thesis, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15658/1/ghani.pdf.

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In this work longitudinal and transverse combustion instabilities are studied in two types of configurations. While longitudinal modes have been observed in many previous studies at low frequencies, the present work also focusses on high-frequency transverse modes. First, a premixed flame stabilized on a V-fame holder is investigated where experimental results obtained by Volvo are used to validate the simulations. For different operating conditions, longitudinal and transverse modes are observed in Large Eddy Simulations (LES) and show good agreement with the experimental data in terms of pressure frequency and flow dynamics. In a second step, a semi-industrial case is examined within the European project KIAI. Experiments are conducted by ONERA and LES of this two-phase flow configuration (called Lotar) are carried out. Transverse combustion instabilities are analyzed and key elements which drive instabilities are identied. These observations are used to reformulate the classic Flame Transfer Function (FTF) in order to predict the stability of transverse modes by use of an Helmholtz solver. The results reproduce fairly well the stability map generated by LES.
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Books on the topic "Perfect combustion"

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Perfect combustion: Railway presidents and managers, superintendents of motive power in railway companies, steamship and steamboat co. presidents and managers of steamship companies, engineers, firemen, stokers and steam users generally, should read carefully and thoughtfully the contents of this pamphlet and correspond with the Fires Improvement Co., 31 York Chambers, Toronto. [Toronto?: s.n.,$189-?], 1991.

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Engineer, Engineer. Notebook: Fullflow Staged Combustion Cycle Rocket Engineering 6''x9'' White Paper Blank Journal Notebook 108 Pages with Black Cover Perfect for All Ages - Kids or Adults. Independently Published, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Perfect combustion"

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"Properties of a Perfect Gas." In Internal Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice. The MIT Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3850.003.0015.

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Martinho Simões, José A., and Manuel Minas da Piedade. "Overview of Condensed Phase Methods." In Molecular Energetics. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133196.003.0010.

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This part includes a discussion of the main experimental methods that have been used to study the energetics of chemical reactions and the thermodynamic stability of compounds in the condensed phase (solid, liquid, and solution). The only exception is the reference to flame combustion calorimetry in section 7.3. Although this method was designed to measure the enthalpies of combustion of substances in the gaseous phase, it has very strong affinities with the other combustion calorimetric methods presented in the same chapter. Most published enthalpies of formation and reaction in the condensed phase were determined by calorimetry (see databases indicated in appendix B). It is therefore not surprising that the discussion of calorimetric methods occupies a large fraction of part II. The heart of a calorimeter is the calorimeter proper (also called measuring system or sample cell), which contains the reaction vessel, where the chemical reaction or phase transition under study occurs. Sometimes the calorimeter proper coincides with the reaction vessel. For example, in the setup shown in figure 6.1a, which is typical of many combustion calorimeters, the reaction vessel is placed inside the calorimeter proper. In the arrangement of figure 6.1b, used in many reaction-solution calorimeters, the calorimeter proper is also the reaction vessel. Normally, a controlled-temperature jacket surrounds the calorimeter proper. Other parts besides thermometers, commonly found in calorimeters, are stirring, heating, cooling, and ignition devices. Some of these devices are placed inside the calorimeter proper or cross its boundaries and are also considered to be part of it. In modern instruments, the data acquisition and many steps of the calorimetric experiments are usually computer-controlled. Calorimeters of many different designs have been constructed and operated. However, these are all variations of a few basic categories. For example, based on the heat exchange mode between the calorimeter proper and the surrounding jacket, it is convenient to distinguish three main classes of calorimeters: adiabatic, heat conduction, and isoperibol. In a perfectly adiabatic calorimeter no heat is transferred between the calorimeter proper and the jacket (the corresponding heat flow rate Φ = dQ/dt = 0, where Q represents the heat exchanged and t is time).
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"minutes retention depending on the oil processed. Then, Synthetic silica hydrogels: Described in the immediately the oil is heated to 70°C, (158°F) to assist "breaking" the preceding section. emulsion and the mixture is passed through a primary (first) centrifuge. The general dosage of acid-activated bleaching earths is 0.3-0.6%, depending on the quality of the oil and bleach-In contrast, the short-mix process, developed in Europe, ing earth. Bleaching earths provide catalytic sites for de-is conducted at 90°C (84°F), uses a more highly concen-composition of oxidation products. Peroxide values (mea-trated caustic, and a mixing time and primary centrifuging sure of aldehydes) and p-anisidine values (precursors for time of less than 1 minute [135]. Less heat damage to the oxidative degradation) first rise and then decrease during oil and higher refining yield are claimed by advocates of bleaching. Bleaching processes used include atmospheric the long mix process. batch, vacuum batch, and continuous vacuum. Vacuum 4. Silica Absorption bleaching has the advantage of excluding air, partially by In traditional refining, oil from the primary centrifuge is vaporization of water in the earth, and is recommended. A washed with warm soft water to remove residual soap and typical vacuum bleaching process is 20-30 minimum at passed through a (secondary) centrifuge. The washed oil 100-110°C (212-230°F) and 50 mmHg absolute [135]. then is dried under vacuum. However, disposal of wash The reactions catalyzed during bleaching continue into water is increasingly becoming a problem, and the indus-the filter bed and are known as the "press bleaching ef-try is shifting to a modified caustic "waterless" refining fect." The reactive components of oil remain in the bleach-process. Soaps poison the adsorption sites of clays in later ing bed. Care should be taken to "blow" the filter press as bleaching operations and are removed by silica hydrogels. free of oil as possible and to wet the filter cake (which can The oil may be degummed with use of chelating acids, be very dusty) to prevent spontaneous combustion [137]. caustic neutralized, passed through a primary centrifuge, At this point, the product is RB ("refined, bleached") and may be partially vacuum-dried. Synthetic silica hy-oil. If the intended product is an oil, it can be sent to the de-drogels, effective in removing 7-25 times more phos-odorizer and become RBD. If solids are desired, the solids-phatides and soaps than clay on a solids basis, and for re-temperature profile of the oil may be modified by hydro-moving phosphorus and the major metal ions, is added genation, interesterification, or chill fractionation, alone or and mixed with the oil. By absorbing these contaminants in combination. first, the bleaching clay is spared for adsorbing chloro-6. Hydrogenation phyll and the oxidation-degradation products of oil Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to satu-[136-138]. rate carbon-to-carbon double bonds. It is used to raise try-5. Bleaching glyceride melting points and to increase stability as by jective of bleaching is to remove various contami-converting linolenic acid to linoleic in soybean oil [141]. A The ob lighter, "brush" hydrogenation is used for the latter pur-nants, pigments, metals, and oxidation products before the pose. oil is sent to the deodorizer. Removal of sulfur is especial-Most of the catalysts that assist hydrogenation are nick-ly important before hydrogenation of canola and rapeseed el-based, but a variety is available for special applications. oils. Flavor of the oil also is improved. As mentioned in the "Selectivity" refers to ability of the catalyst and process to preceding section, silica hydrogels will adsorb many of sequentially saturate fatty acids on the triglycerides in the these contaminants and spare the bleaching earth. Howev-order of most unsaturated to the fully saturated. For row er, earths are still used for these purposes in installations crop oils, perfect selectivity would be: that have not adopted hydrated silicas. Types of bleaching materials available include [136,139,140]: C18:3 C18:2 C18:1 Linolenic acid Linoleic acid Oleic acid Neutral earths: Basically hydrated aluminum silicates, sometimes called "natural clays" or "earths," and C18:0 fuller's earth, which vary in ability to absorb pigments. Stearic acid Acid-activated earths: Bentonites or montmorillonites, Although typical hydrogenation is not selective, it can be treated with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid to improve favored to a limited degree by selection of catalyst and by their absorption of pigments and other undesirable temperature and pressure of the process. Efficient hydro-components, are most commonly used. genation requires the cleanest possible feed stock (without Activated carbon: Expensive, more difficult to use, but of soaps, phosphatides, sulfur compounds, carbon monoxide, special interest for adsorbing polyaromatic hydrocar-nitrogen compounds, or oxygen-containing compounds) bons from coconut and fish oils. and the purest, driest hydrogen gas possible [140]." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 361–73. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Perfect combustion"

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Bajwa, Abdullah U., Mark Patterson, Taylor Linker, and Timothy J. Jacobs. "A New Single-Zone Multi-Stage Scavenging Model for Real-Time Emissions Control in Two-Stroke Engines." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7198.

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Abstract Gas exchange processes in two-stroke internal combustion engines, i.e. scavenging, remove exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and prepare the fuel-oxidizer mixture that undergoes combustion. A non-negligible fraction of the mixture trapped in the cylinder at the conclusion of scavenging is composed of residual gases from the previous cycle. This can cause significant changes to the combustion characteristics of the mixture by changing its composition and temperature, i.e. its thermodynamic state. Thus, it is vital to have accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic state of the post-scavenging mixture to be able to reliably predict and control engine performance, efficiency and emissions. Several simple-scavenging models can be found in the literature that — based on a variety of idealized interaction modes between incoming and cylinder gases — calculate the state of the trapped mixture. In this study, boundary conditions extracted from a validated 1-D predictive model of a single-cylinder two-stroke engine are used to gauge the performance of four simple scavenging models. It is discovered that the assumption of thermal homogeneity of the incoming and exiting gases is a major source of inaccuracy. A new non-isothermal multi-stage single-zone scavenging model is thus, proposed to address some of the shortcomings of the four models. The proposed model assumes that gas-exchange in cross-scavenged two-stroke engines takes place in three stages; an isentropic blowdown stage, followed by perfect-displacement and perfect-mixing stages. Significant improvements in the trapped mixture state estimates were observed as a result.
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Luo, Zhaoyu, Tianfeng Lu, Sibendu Som, and Douglas E. Longman. "Numerical Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Using a New Reduced Mechanism for Methyl Decanoate as Surrogate." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35198.

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A skeletal mechanism with 118 species and 837 reactions was developed from a detailed LLNL mechanism for a biodiesel surrogate mixture with equal mole fraction of methyl decanoate, methy-9-decenoate and n-heptane, through subsequent applications of a revised method for directed relation graph (DRG), isomer lumping, and DRG-aided sensitivity analysis (DRGASA). The reduction was performed within a parameter range of pressure from 1 to 100atm, equivalence ratio from 0.5 to 2, and temperature above 1000K for both auto-ignition and perfect stirred reactors. The detailed mechanism consists of 3329 species and 10806 reactions. With the reduction in mechanism size by almost a factor of 30, the skeletal mechanism was shown to still feature a good accuracy for temperature higher than 1000K, both in predicting the system parameters, such as ignition delay and extinction time, and detailed species profiles, compared with the detailed mechanism. Numerical simulations in jet stirred reactors were also performed and compared with experimental measurements for rapeseed oil methyl ester. This skeletal mechanism can be used to model methyl esters from different feedstocks since it is a tri-component mixture.
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Coda Zabetta, Edgardo G., Pia T. Kilpinen, Mikko M. Hupa, Jukka K. Leppälahti, C. Krister O. Ståhl, Michael F. Cannon, and Jorma J. Nieminen. "Nitrogen Oxide Reduction by Staged Combustion of Biomass Gas in Gas Turbines — A Modeling Study of the Effect of Mixing." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-294.

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Detailed chemical kinetic modeling has been used to study the reduction of nitrogen oxides at gas turbine (GT) combustor conditions. A gas from gasification of wood with air has been used as the fuel. An air-staged combustion technique has been adapted. In our previous study a simple plug flow model was used to study the effects of pressure and temperature among others process variables. The air-fuel mixing was assumed perfect and instantaneous. Results showed the NOx reduction mainly affected by both pressure and temperature. The aim of the present work is to establish the effect of air-fuel mixing delay on NOx predictions and to extrapolate indications options for GT. To model the mixing delay, a varying number of air sub-streams are mixed with the fuel gas during different time periods. Alternatively, a combination of a perfectly mixed zone followed by a plug flow zone is illustrated. Results by any air-fuel mixing model show similar affect of process variables on NOx reduction. When a mixing delay is assumed instead of the instantaneous mixing the NOx reduction is enhanced, and only with delayed mixing NOx are affected by CH4. Lower temperature and higher pressure in the GT-combustor can enhance the NOx reduction. Also air staging is an effective option: a 3 stages combustor designed for low mixing speed appear competitive compared to more complicate combustors. The fewer hydrocarbons in the gasification gas the high NOx reduction.
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Ada´nez, Juan, Luis F. de Diego, Pilar Gaya´n, Francisco Garci´a-Labiano, Andre´s Cabanillas, and Alberto Bahillo. "Co-Combustion of Biomass and Coal in Circulating Fluidized Bed: Modeling and Validation." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-064.

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In this work carbon combustion efficiencies in circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) when co-firing biomass and coal mixtures were studied. Experimental results were obtained from the combustion of two kind of coals with a forest residue (Pine bark) in a CBF pilot plant (0.3MWth) with 20-cm i.d. and 6.5-m height. The effect of operating conditions such as percentage of biomass in the feed, temperature, excess air, air velocity and percentage of secondary air on carbon combustion efficiency was studied. A mathematical model for the co-combustion of coal and biomass in a circulating fluidized bed boiler has been developed. The riser is divided in three zones with different hydrodynamic characteristics: bottom, splash and freeboard. The bottom bed has a constant voidage, determined by a modified two-phase theory. The solids are considered in perfect mixing and the gas in plug flow. The voidage in the splash region follows an exponential decay model. In the freeboard region, the solids and the gas are in plug flow, and a core-annulus structure is considered. Devolatilization of solid fuels is modeled with a particle reaction model which allows to determine the volatiles generation rate as a function of time and operating conditions. Kinetics of char combustion is modeled with the shrinking particle model with mixed control by chemical reaction and gas film diffusion, assuming that the ashes separate once formed. To consider that the char particles are a mixture of coal and biomass char particles, a weighted average combustion rate is defined taking into account the individual combustion rates. Population balances of char particles in the different regions were developed to calculate carbon concentrations. The developed model can predict the different gas concentrations along the riser, such as oxygen, SO2, CO, CH4, etc..., and the carbon combustion efficiency. The experimental results of carbon combustion efficiencies and gas emissions were compared with those predicted by the model and a good correlation was found for all the conditions used.
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5

Polifke, Wolfgang, Peter Flohr, and Martin Brandt. "Modeling of Inhomogeneously Premixed Combustion With an Extended TFC Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0135.

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In many practical applications, so-called premixed burners do not achieve perfect premixing of fuel and air. Instead, fuel injection pressure is limited, the permissible burner pressure drop is small and mixing lengths are curtailed to reduce the danger of flashback. Furthermore, internal or external piloting is frequently employed to improve combustion stability, while part-load operation often requires burner staging, where neighboring burners operate with unequal fuel/air equivalence ratios. In this report, an extension of the Turbulent Flame speed Closure (TFC) model for highly turbulent premixed combustion is presented, which allows application of the model to the case of inhomogeneously premixed combustion. The extension is quite straightforward, i.e. the dependence of model parameters on mixture fraction is accounted for by providing appropriate lookup tables or functional relationships to the model. The model parameters determined in this way are adiabatic flame temperature, laminar flame speed and critical gradient. The model has been validated against a test case from the open literature and applied to an externally piloted industrial gas turbine burner with good success.
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6

Rakov, V. A., B. S. Subbotin, A. M. Ivanov, and A. V. Podgornyy. "Stagnation in the Development of Internal Combustion Engines as a Factor of Transition to More Perfect Power Units." In 2021 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51389.2021.9416056.

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7

Cannon, Steven M., Virgil Adumitroaie, and Clifford E. Smith. "3D LES Modeling of Combustion Dynamics in Lean Premixed Combustors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0375.

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A lean premixed fuel injector/combustor typical of industrial gas turbine combustors has been analyzed using 3D Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methods. The objective of the study was to evaluate the 3D LES modeling approach for predicting combustion dynamics and compare it with simpler unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) methods using 2D and 3D analyses. Large amplitude pressure oscillations were observed experimentally at the modeled operating conditions, and previous 2D axisymmetric unsteady RANS analysis has shown reasonable, but not perfect, engineering agreement with pressure measurements. Although the pressure amplitude was accurately predicted, the frequency was substantially in error. This study sought to see if 3D modeling would improve the agreement. 2D axisymmetric and full 3D calculations were performed with a state-of-the-art, unstructured-grid, parallel (domain decomposition) CFD code. For the unsteady RANS calculations, the RNG k-ε turbulence model was employed, while for the LES calculation the Smagorinsky subgrid turbulence model was employed. Surprisingly, the 2D unsteady RANS, 3D unsteady RANS, and 3D LES calculations gave nearly identical pressure oscillation predictions, and all calculations had the oscillation frequency around 280 Hertz. This work has shown that smaller turbulent structures captured with 3D LES have very little effect on capturing combustion instability driven primarily by a fuel time-lag.
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8

Fuchs, Heribert, Alois Hirsch, Martin Ogris, and Ernst Winklhofer. "Mixture Quality Evaluation for Transient Mode Gasoline Engine Calibration." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35098.

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Gasoline engines have perfect emissions quality in stationary part load operation — how to ensure such ideal operation also at engine start, at tip-in tip-out, and at full load conditions? Key to the solution of these issues is the optimum use of components for mixture formation, combustion and exhaust gas aftertreatment with the focus on actuator calibration yielding reliable and low emissions combustion under transient operating conditions. Conventional testing of actuator parameter settings for such transients is evaluated with engine out emissions measurements. Any emissions peaks are well understood to be the result of some specific cycles which suffer from inadequate mixture formation due to limitations of fuel injection, evaporation or air supply. Consequently, improvements are achieved with adaptation of actuator parameters such as fuel injection timing, multiple injections or throttle and boost pressure settings in part load operation. With in-cylinder events being the root cause for emissions related issues, there is demand for diagnostic techniques capable of identifying emissions relevant in-cylinder processes for individual cylinders and on a cycle by cycle basis. This demand is met with the measurement of in-cylinder pressure together with flame radiation intensity. As cylinder pressure signals are evaluated for combustion stability, the simultaneously recorded flame signals provide information on mixture preparation quality. Well premixed charge results in flame radiation signals which are typical for homogeneous turbulent flames. Insufficiently evaporated and partially mixed fuel, especially at engine start, yields flame signals typical for diffusion flames. This simple relation between flame signals and soot formation events provides the basis for measurement techniques enabling mixture formation evaluation for individual cylinders and individual cycles. The application of such in-cylinder pressure and flame measurement techniques to PFI and GDI engines is presented with examples for engine cold start testing. The technique is further applied in the calibration of engine tip-in transients.
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9

Valk, Martin, Nicolas Vortmeyer, and Günter Kappler. "NOx Emission Characteristics of a Catalytic Combustor Under High-Temperature Conditions." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-164.

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A catalytic combustor concept with short catalyst segments and a thermal reactor is investigated with regard to NOx production of this concept under high-temperature conditions. The maximum combustor exit temperature was more than 1800 K with catalyst temperatures below 1300 K. For combustion of iso-octane, NOx emissions of 4 ppm (dry, 15% O2) at a flame temperature of 1800 K were measured. No significant influence of catalyst length, reference velocity and overall residence time on NOx emissions was observed. Additionally, the test combustor was fuelled with commercial diesel and kerosene (Jet-A). In this case, NOx emissions were noticeable higher due to fuel-bound nitrogen. The emissions measured were for diesel, 12 ppm, and for kerosene, 7 ppm, (each dry, 15% O2), again at a flame temperature of 1800 K. To evaluate the conversion ratio of fuel-bound nitrogen to NOx iso-octane was doped with various amounts of ammonia and metyhlamine. The conversion rates were 70 to 90%, with a slight tendency to lower values (50%) for nitrogen mass fractions above 0.1%. Considering the NOx emission level of actual premix burners, the lower emission value of the presented catalytic combustor results from a perfect premixed plug-flow combustion system incorporating a catalyst herein and not from a specific advantage of the principle of catalytic combustion itself. Again similar to a premix-combustor are the NOx emission characteristics in the case of lean combustion of nitrogen bound fuels, which yield very high conversion rates.
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10

Andersen, Fredrik Herland, and Stefan Mayer. "Parametric Study of the Scavenging Process in Marine Two-Stroke Diesel Engines." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1075.

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Large commercial ships such as container vessels and bulk carriers are propelled by low-speed, uniflow scavenged two-stroke diesel engines. The integral in-cylinder process in this type of engine is the scavenging process, where the burned gas from the combustion process is evacuated through the exhaust valve and replaced with fresh air for the subsequent compression stroke. The scavenging air enters the cylinder via inlet ports which are uncovered by the piston at bottom dead center (BDC). The exhaust gas is then displaced by the fresh air. The scavenging ports are angled to introduce a swirling component to the flow. The in-cylinder swirl is beneficial for air-fuel mixture, cooling of the cylinder liner and minimizing dead zones where pockets of exhaust gas are trapped. However, a known characteristic of swirling flows is an adverse pressure gradient in the center of the flow, which might lead to a local deficit in axial velocity and the formation of central recirculation zones, known as vortex breakdown. This paper will present a CFD analysis of the scavenging process in a MAN B&W two-stroke diesel engine. The study include a parameter sweep where the operating conditions such as air amount, port timing and scavenging pressure are varied. The CFD model comprise the full geometry from scavenge receiver to exhaust receiver. Asymmetric inlet and outlet conditions is included as well as the dynamics of a moving piston and valve. Time resolved boundary conditions corresponding to measurements from an operating, full scale production, engine as well as realistic initial conditions are used in the simulations. The CFD model provides a detailed description of the in-cylinder flow from exhaust valve opening (EVO) to exhaust valve closing (EVC). The study reveals a close coupling between the volume flow (delivery ratio) and the in-cylinder bulk purity of air which appears to be independent of operating conditions, rpm, scavenge air pressure, BMEP etc. The bulk purity of air in the cylinder shows good agreement with a simple theoretical perfect displacement model.
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Reports on the topic "Perfect combustion"

1

Marlow, D., and T. S. Norton. A reduced mechanism for low-heating-value gas combustion in a perfectly stirred reactor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/205161.

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