Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Perceptual-motor processes'
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Walsh, Andrew Stephen. "Analysis of perceptual-motor calibration processes in indoor climbing." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2181.
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This research programme examines how people perceive maximal reach-and grasp-ness in climbing, and as such these questions will be limited to climbing.
Is experienced gained from performing daily submaximal reaching sufficient for the accurate perception of maximal horizontal reaching affordances in rock climbing?
How is perception of maximal horizontal boundary of reach-and grasp-ness affected by: hold size, body position, additional load, or fatigue.
How will inducing fatigue affect how a participant calibrates distance and their movement economy?
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De, Wit Mattheus Maria. "Information over function: a reappraisal of the perception-action model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434366.
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In the influential perception-action model, the ventral visual system of the primate brain serves to obtain knowledge of objects in the environment, while the dorsal system serves to control actions in interaction with those objects. In recent years, criticism of the model has gained momentum following reports of evidence that involvement of the two systems may not principally depend on whether observers are engaged in action or perception tasks. This thesis appraises the perception-action model over the course of five experiments that test a number of the model’s central assertions. Evidence for an alternative functional characterization of the dorsal and ventral systems is obtained. Specifically, the evidence suggests that the dorsal system can be involved in both action and perception on the basis of fast egocentric information pickup, while the ventral system can be involved in both perception and action on the basis of slower allocentric information pickup. This raises the possibility that a more fundamental distinction pertains to the characteristics of information pickup by the two systems rather than to the behavioral functions subserved.
The thesis develops a stance in which involvement of the two systems in the visual guidance of behavior is dependent on their operational characteristics in combination with the constraints of the task. The proposed relevant task constraints are: (i) whether tasks allow for egocentric and/or allocentric information pickup, (ii) the amount of time that is available for information pickup in a task and, possibly, (iii) whether stimuli are located within or outside functional space (the space that affords action for an observer). Whether a task requires an immediate or a delayed response is of less importance. It is argued that while the typical requirements of perception and action tasks bring about a tight coupling between perception and the ventral system and action and the dorsal system, this coupling is not invariant; perception can involve fast egocentric information pickup and action can involve slower allocentric information pickup. The findings are discussed in the context of higher-level theories of visual perception. It is proposed that the view of the dorsal and ventral visual systems that is suggested by the findings presented in this thesis corresponds better with ecological than with constructivist approaches to visual perception.published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Joyce, Arthur. "Differences in Perceptual-motor Functioning Between Blind and Sighted Adults: a Neuropsychological Perspective." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3335/.
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The purpose of the study was to explore perceptual-motor differences between blind and sighted adults from a neuropsychological perspective, and to analyze differences within the blind group. Perceptual-motor abilities were examined using the Comprehensive Vocational Evaluation System (CVES), a vocational rehabilitation and neuropsychological battery designed for use with blind populations. The data were processed using Analysis of Covariance. Results showed that sighted persons had better motor abilities, while persons with blindness were more skilled at haptic identification of shape and texture. Analysis within the blind group showed that texture identification skills are better when blindness occurs earlier in life and to the extent that the blindness is total. Later onset blindness and the retention of some functional vision may not lead to a refocusing of attentional states necessary to develop haptic images. New neural connections may develop in persons with congenital/total blindness, a hypothesis in line with recent neuroradiological findings that occipital lobe activation occurs when congenitally blind individuals engage in tactile processing tasks. One implication of the findings is that teaching individuals who retain some functional vision to read Braille is probably counterproductive. These individuals would be better served by learning to use a CCTV and large print books. Future researchers should examine blindness from a multivariate perspective, examining subsets of blind groups based on age at onset, visual status, and other pertinent variables. Other implications are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Mahon, Aoife. "Shared spatial attention for action selection and action monitoring." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=233977.
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Dual-task studies have shown higher sensitivity for stimuli presented at the targets of upcoming actions. Generally, movement outcome feedback is also obtained at action targets. This thesis examined whether attention is directed to action targets for the purpose of action selection, as previously concluded, or if attention is directed to monitor feedback about movement outcomes as supported by skilled-action research. Across seven experiments, participants executed either a pointing movement (Experiments 1 – 5) or a saccade (Experiments 6 and 7), while simultaneously identifying a discrimination target ('E' or '3') among distractors (2s and 5s). Action targets were generally cued by a central arrow. Discrimination target identification accuracy measured attention allocation. Crucially, movement accuracy feedback was presented at a spatially separate location from the action target. It was found that during the planning of goal-directed actions, attention is allocated to monitor movement outcomes, even if this information is provided at a spatially separate location from the action target. Attending the separate feedback location resulted in slower reaction times and less accurate pointing. Clear and consistent perceptual enhancement was also demonstrated at the action target location, even when no intrinsic or extrinsic feedback about the action could have been gained from attending there. Specific to saccades, it was found that attention is allocated before saccade execution to both the saccade goal and to the predicted future retinal location of feedback information. Lastly, perceptual performance is greater in general when participants perform the dual-task visually open-loop, that is without visual feedback from the moving hand. These results are novel in showing that attention appears to be required for action target selection, independently of the need to monitor expected locations of feedback.
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Li, Wing-fung. "Tennis anticipation study /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32222348.
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Li, Wing-fung, and 李永豐. "Tennis anticipation study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013883.
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Hill, S. Kristian. "Maternal perinatal events as predictors of sensory-motor functioning in normal children." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117100.
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The relationship between perinatal complications and sensory-motor functions was examined. Information from the Maternal Perinatal Scale (MPS) was used to predict factor scores of the Dean Sensory-Motor Battery (DSMB). Participants were 187 normal nonreferred children who were administered the DSMB while their mothers completed the MPS. Using MPS items as predictors, separate stepwise regression analyses for each DSMB factor found that 11 - 16% of variance could be accounted for in sensory-motor performance. At least three MPS items significantly contributed to the prediction of each DSMB factor. Predictors of Sensory and Simple Motor functions (DSMB Factor I) included maternal bleeding during pregnancy, delay between membrane rupture (water break) and onset of labor, and evidence of hypoxia. Evidence of hypoxia, maternal bleeding during pregnancy, and delay between water break and labor onset were predictive of Motor and Complex Sensory functions (DSMB Factor II). In addition, gender of the child joined maternal bleeding during pregnancy, amount of swelling during pregnancy, and mother's height in predicting Subcortical Motor functions (DSMB Factor III). Additional analyses using a canonical correlation confirmed the results of the regression analyses. A linear composite of sensory and motor variables was primarily defined by DSMB factors I and II. The linear composite of perinatal information was defined primarily by the same items that emerged as significant predictors of sensorymotor functions in the regression analyses. Most notably, a redundancy analysis indicated that about 20% of variance in DSMB factor scores could be accounted for by a linear composite of perinatal information. In general, sensory-motor performance decreased as severity of perinatal complications increased. Results were discussed in terms of the implications of using a normal non-referred population. More importantly, the present data suggested the possibility that 1) the relationship between perinatal complications and sensory-motor functions may exist on a continuum rather than the dichotomous diagnosis/no diagnosis, and 2) the synergistic influence of multiple perinatal complications may contribute to the manifestation of clinically significant behaviors. The role of sensory-motor functions as a foundation for more complex behaviors is also discussed.Department of Educational Psychology
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林秉華 and Ping-wah Lam. "Effect of stimulus variations on graphonomic performance: a perceptual-cognitive-motor approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212438.
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Kemp, Andrew H., and kempa@psych usyd edu au. "Emotional processing in humans a neurophysiological and psychopharmacological investigation." Swinburne University of Technology, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050608.123955.
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Examination of how the brain mediates emotional experience is now an area of significant and intense research interest. This is an important endeavour considering that emotion is a key component in vulnerability factors governing risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies are also beginning to explore the effects of antidepressants on the processing of emotional
stimuli in healthy participants to help understand the role of neurochemicals in
affective behaviour more broadly. Unfortunately the literature is fraught with contradictions and complications resulting from the technique used, task instructions, selection of stimuli and gender differences. The aim of the current thesis therefore, was to investigate emotional processing in healthy participants and to examine the impact of serotonergic augmentation on this processing through the presentation of
visual emotional stimuli and examination of self report, peripheral- and neurophysiological measures of emotional responsiveness. Seventy five images low in arousal content, selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and categorised as pleasant, neutral and unpleasant, were presented to participants
in four experimental studies. Findings support previous literature suggesting that there is substantial overlap in frontal neural circuitry when the brain processes emotional images of different valence. Gender differences in the processing of visual emotional stimuli were also
observed however suggesting the need for future studies to take such factors into account. In particular, females unlike males displayed right-sided, frontal, neurophysiological activations in response to unpleasant relative to neutral images. Emotional valence was also found to modulate heart rate (HR) thereby confirming the
reliability and validity of the task-viewing paradigm. Augmentation of serotonin was found to suppress any differences in HR across the three differently valenced categories of images, while neurophysiological responses were potentiated during pleasant valence but suppressed during unpleasant valence. In summary, the studies
included in this thesis provide evidence for neurophysiological modulation by emotional content and gender. In addition, the studies employ a more systems-based approach to the study of antidepressant action, through examination of the neurophysiological responses to visual emotional stimuli. This approach may lead to greater understanding of the functional consequences of neurochemical modulation
on cortical networks involved in emotional processing.
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Lam, Ping-wah. "Effect of stimulus variations on graphonomic performance : a perceptual-cognitive-motor approach /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13829804.
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Uji, Makoto. "Practice conditions leading to the acquisition of perceptual-cognitive-motor processing." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4324/.
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In this thesis, specific practice conditions were examined for skill acquisition and transfer of perceptual-cognitive-motor processes underlying dynamic and complex performance. The availability of visual and cognitive processes during practice was modulated to examine contribution of each process to the skill acquisition using a novel computer-based task where participants were required to select and execute decisions to move a cursor to a target whilst avoiding random moving objects. Results demonstrated that practice with necessary information and processes improved the task performance, whereas limiting the underlying processes attenuated skill acquisition. Subsequently, the underlying processes were examined by measuring eye movements and condition-action pairs. Successful skill acquisition was underpinned by the modified visual search and decision making processes through practice. However, limiting necessary sensory information and decoupling cognitive processing during practice developed specific sensorimotor behaviour that did not lead to successful task performance. These results provided an insight of the skill acquisition by suggesting that when a task requires the acquisition of perceptual-cognitive-motor processes to be successful, integration of these processes would be necessary, whereas decoupling of these processes would limit skill acquisition. Moreover, transfer of acquired processes was examined between two tasks. Both tasks required the acquisition of similar perceptual-cognitive processes in order to select successful cursor trajectories, but the main goal differed between tasks. In addition, for both tasks a yoked condition aimed to limit cognitive processes to investigate the role of transfer-appropriate processing in skill acquisition. Results showed positive transfer indicating that practice on another task improved performance on the other task, whereas limiting cognitive processes attenuated the skill acquisition and transfer. Transfer would be maximised when the underlying processes between practice and transfer domain are similar or matched, whereas the transfer would be attenuated when the necessary processes are decoupled during practice. The overall findings extend the research in perceptual-cognitive-motor processes and have several theoretical and applied implications.
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Riekert, Marlene. "Effek van 'n kleinspier-ontwikkelingsprogram op die motoriese vermoë van ABET-leerders." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07202005-160815.
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Ghinescu, Rodica. "A modeling-based approach for investigating multiple processing pathways in simple visual tasks /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164509.
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Chow, Eric Ho Chi. "Postural disturbance and vection when viewing visual stimulus oscillating in roll and fore-and-aft directions : effects of frequency and peak velocity /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202008%20CHOW.
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Ross, Alasdair Iain. "The effects of perceptual, motor and cognitive constraints on obstacle avoidance during reaching." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230168.
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Performing goal-directed hand-movements in the presence of obstacles is a task that we usually complete successfully many times a day without much conscious consideration. Yet, little is known about the underlying processes. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of perceptual, motor and cognitive constraints on obstacle avoidance during reaching. To do this a tabletop-based obstacle avoidance setup and motiontracking were used. In the first experimental chapter, the previously reported tendency of participants to select movement paths that pass roughly through the mid-point between two obstacles was examined. The starting position of the hand and the availability of visual feedback were manipulated and evidence was found that movement path selection depends on both a collision-avoidance strategy and the associated biomechanical costs; even when visual feedback is unavailable. The second experimental chapter investigated an action-blindsight phenomenon, specifically the ability of cortically blind patients to avoid unseen obstacles. It was found that only two out of the six patients tested potentially showed some residual sensitivity to obstacles in their blind visual field. The final two experimental chapters went further to examine the role of perceptual information and attentional mechanisms respectively. It was found that during obstacle avoidance participants predominantly look at the movement target and rarely towards any obstacles or their moving hand. Furthermore, they tend to move their hand away from obstacles that are fixated. Finally, it was also found that a concurrent attentional task affected movement path selection in a similar way. At present it is unclear whether these perceptual and attentional effects are additive or independent of each other. Overall, these findings suggest that both conscious visual information and attentional mechanisms are crucial factors in determining movement path selection during obstacle avoidance in reaching.
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Newman, Patrick S. Garner Brian Alan. "The influence of load on kinematics of computer-simulated sagittal-plane lifting." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/2888.
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Peng, Xiaozhe, and 彭晓哲. "Visual path information on the active control of heading." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41633817.
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Peng, Xiaozhe. "Visual path information on the active control of heading." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41633817.
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Magaro, Christopher Michael. "Dissociating clock speed and attention in the modality effect." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1490081061&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lobo, Michele A. "Effects of enhanced social, postural, and object-oriented experiences on infants' abilities to contact and explore objects." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.82 Mb., 227 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1172097001&Fmt=7&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Delbecque, Laure. "Incidence de l'imagerie motrice sur les apprentissages moteurs." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210527.
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The topic of this work is motor imagery. Through 7 different studies, the process and proprieties of motor imagery and its impact on motor learning were assessed. It was found that this cognitive activity is closely linked to the motor system. This characteristic underlies the positive effects of motor imagery on motor learning. This can have many practical applications in the domain of sport and motor rehabilitation.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Lewis, Morris N. "Construct validity of the Dean-Woodcock Neuropsychological Assessment System Sensory Motor Battery : an exploratory factor analysis." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115714.
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The purpose of this study was to add to the body of psychometric evidence underlying the Dean-Woodcock Sensory Motor Battery (DWSMB) and the theory of sensory motor functioning. Secondly, this study added to the body of literature concerning the role of both cortical and subcortical areas of the brain in motor functioning.The DWSMB is a new battery designed to meet the emerging trends in neuropsychology. It combines the qualitative functionality of the sensory and motor tests used by clinical neurologists with the quantitative, performance-driven sensory motor tests found in traditional neuropsychological assessment batteries. The DWSMB consists of eight tests of sensory functions, seven tests of cortical motor functions, and three tests of subcortical motor functions.A population sample of 441 participants were administered the DWSMB, 340 of which had no reported neurological or psychiatric history. These data were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis to determine the number of constructs underlying the DWSMB. The study found three factors: a Complex Sensory Motor Factor, a Simple Sensory Factor, and a Subcortical Motor Factor. The three constructs found in this study provided empirical support for the underlying theory of the DWSMB, which will allow neuropsychologists to make inferences about the resulting scores.Department of Educational Psychology
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Scarfe, Peter. "Human use of horizontal disparity for perception and visuomotor control." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/368.
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Berry, Jason. "Expert perceptual and decision-making skill: identification, development and acquisition in a team invasion spoet / Jason Berry." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18394.pdf.
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Lee, Hui-Min. "Coordination of arm movements in healthy full term infants from the pre-reaching period to the onset of reaching." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 73 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1299819951&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Metzler, Megan J., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Bimanual skill acquisition : modulation by sex, aging, and auditory feedback." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Neuroscience, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2591.
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Bimanual movement is integral to daily function. As such, it is important to understand factors that influence bimanual performance. Playing the piano was employed to examine bimanual movement. Additionally, the weather prediction task was administered as a measure of non-declarative learning.
Sex influenced motor performance. Males tended to perform asymmetrical movements with less skill than females. Age affected motor performance. Older adults were less proficient, but improved similarly with practice as young adults. Further, older adults exhibited differential deterioration of bimanual movement.
Feedback and music training affected motor performance. Females performed bimanual movement less proficiently with auditory feedback. Individuals with music training performed bimanual movements relative to unimanual movements better with feedback. Music training moderated age-related differential deterioration of bimanual movements.
Older adults performed significantly worse than young adults on the weather prediction task. In addition, the weather prediction task correlated with motor measures in a sample including older adults.xii, 159 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Millians, Jeffrey T. "Separation of cognitive resources within a dual task scenario." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29831.
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Chien, Shu-chen. "The effectiveness of animated and interactive microcomputer graphics on children's development of spatial visualization ability/mental rotation skills /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265555441953.
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Jirikowic, Tracy L. "Sensory processing and integration and children with alcohol-related diognoses : an exploratory analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7893.
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Bhat, Anjana N. "The emergence of purposeful reaching developmental changes and constraints in hand and joint kinematics of early arm movements /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 6.59 Mb, 138 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3187605.
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Oliver, Jonah. "Sporting expertise : does the visuomotor map show the way? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17716.pdf.
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Russell, William David. "The effects of a dissociative strategy of attention on ratings of perceived exertion during physical exercise." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834509.
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The purpose of this investigation was to compare associative and dissociative psychological strategies of attentional focus for their effects on self - report ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and heart rate during endurance exercise. Trained cyclists (n = 7) performed three 60 minute experimental rides on a bicycle ergometer which consisted of an association ride (attention focused on heart rate feedback), a dissociation ride (attention focused on responding to a cue word on a videotape), and a control condition ride in which focus of attention was not purposely manipulated. Results indicated that the deliberate application of a cognitive strategy designed to encourage an individual to associate or dissociate did not differentially effect either actual efficiency (heart rate) or perception of exercise intensity (RPE scores). Overall, it was concluded that there was a trend for the dissociation condition to result in higher RPE scores than the association condition or control condition.School of Physical Education
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Flindall, Jason. "Manual asymmetries in the kinematics of reach-to-grasp actions." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology and Physical Education, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3359.
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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate manual asymmetries in the reach-to-grasp movement based on two hypotheses: 1) manual asymmetries are resultant from asymmetries in the dorsal vision-for-action system; and 2) manual asymmetries are contingent on task difficulty. Participants grasped glasses of water under different visual-feedback conditions. Demand was manipulated by varying the level of the water contained in the glass. Hand asymmetries of the reach-to-grasp movement were studied through kinematic analyses. Visual feedback availability and task demand affected all kinematic measures. Manual asymmetries were found in peak velocity, movement time, and variability of maximum grip aperture. Consistent with reach-to-point literature, reach-to-grasp actions were faster and more accurate when performed with the right hand and when guided by the dorsal vision-for-action system. The results of the thesis provide support for a theory of left-hemisphere specialization for the visual control of actions.xiv, 121 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Ren, Feng Hui. "Multi-image query content-based image retrieval." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070103.143624/index.html.
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Kuiaski, José Rosa. "Segmentação de movimento por fluxo ótico." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/513.
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A percepção de movimento é uma característica essencial à sobrevivência de diversas espécies. Na natureza, é através do movimento que uma presa percebe a chegada de um predador e decide em que direção deve fugir, bem como o predador detecta a presença de uma presa e decide para onde atacar. O Sistema Visual Humano é mais sensível a movimento do que a imagens estáticas, sendo capaz de separar as informações de movimento originadas pela movimentação própria das informações de movimento de objetos animados no ambiente. A Teoria Ecológica de Gibson (1979) provê uma base para o entendimento de como esse processo de percepção ocorre e estende-se com o conceito do que chamamos de campo vetorial de Fluxo Ótico, através do qual se representa computacionalmente o movimento. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é procurar reproduzir computacionalmente esse comportamento, para possíveis aplicações em navegação autônoma e processamento de vídeo com movimentação desconhecida. Para isso, vale-se das técnicas de estimação de Fluxo Ótico presentes na literatura, tais como as propostas por Lucas e Kanade (1981) e Farneback (1994). Em primeiro momento, avalia-se a possibilidade de utilização de uma técnica estatística de separação cega de fontes, a chamada Análise de Componentes Independentes, tomando como base o trabalho de Bell e Sejnowski (1997), na qual se mostra que tal análise aplicada em imagens fornece filtros de bordas. Depois, avalia-se a utilização do Foco de Expansão para movimentos translacionais. Resultados experimentais demonstram uma maior viabilidade da abordagem por Foco de Expansão.Motion Perception is an essential feature for the survival of several species. In nature, it is through motion that a prey perceives the predator and is able to decide which direction to escape, and the predator detects the presence of a prey and decides where to attack. The Human Visual System is more sensitive to motion than to static imagery, and it is able to separate motion information due to egomotion from that due to an animated object in the environment. The Ecological Theory of Gibson (1979) provides a basis for understanding how this processes of perception occurs, and leads to the concept of what we call the vector field of Optical Flow, through which computational motion is represented. The main objective of this work is to try to reproduce computationally this behaviour, for possible applications in autonomous navigation and video processing with unknown self-motion. For this, we use some Optical Flow estimation techniques, as those proposed by Lucas and Kanade (1981) and Farneback (1994). At first, we assess the possibility of using a statistical technique of blind source separation, the so-called Independent Component Analysis, based on the work of Bell and Sejnowski (1997), which demonstrates that this technique, when applied to imagery, provides edge filters. Then, we assess the use of the Focus of Expansion to translational motion. Experimental results show the second approach, using the Focus of Expansion, is more viable than through Independent Component Analysis.
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Hetherington, Phil A. (Phillip Alan). "Hippocampal function and spatial information processing : computational and neural analyses." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28778.
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The hippocampus is necessary for normal memory in rodents, birds, monkeys, and people. Damage to the hippocampus can result in the inability to learn new facts, defined by the relationship among stimuli. In rodents, spatial learning involves learning about the relationships among stimuli, and exemplifies the kind of learning the requires the hippocampus. Therefore, understanding the neural mechanisms underlying spatial learning may elucidate basic memory processes. Many hippocampal neurons fire when behaving rats, cats, or monkeys are in circumscribed regions (place fields) of an environment. The neurons, called place cells, fire in relation to distal stimuli, but can persist in signaling location when the stimuli are removed or lights are turned off (memory fields). In this thesis, computational models of spatial information processing simulated many of the defining properties of hippocampal place cells, including memory fields. Furthermore, the models suggested a neurally plausible mechanism of goal directed spatial navigation which involved the encoding of distances in the connections between place cells. To navigate using memory fields, the models required an excitatory, distributed, and plastic association system among place cells. Such properties are well characterized in area CA3 of the hippocampus. In this thesis, a new electrophysiological study provides evidence that a second system in the dentate gyrus has similar properties. Thus, two circuits in the hippocampus meet the requirements of the models. Some predictions of the models were then tested in a single-unit recording experiment in behaving rats. Place fields were more likely to occur in information rich areas of the environment, and removal of single cues altered place fields in a way consistent with the distance encoding mechanism suggested by the models. It was concluded that a distance encoding theory of rat spatial navigation has much descriptive and predictive utility, but most of its predic
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Guan, Hongwei. "Fractionated reaction time using the psychological refractory period paradigm." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Tsagkaridis, Konstantinos. "Semantic and action influences on visual perception : the role of action affordances and object functionality in visual selection, memory encoding and post-perceptual processes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5685.
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The current thesis explores semantic and action effects on visual perception and specifically how higher-level knowledge can co-affect the process of visual perception, along with the well established effects of low level image characteristics, such as colour, image/object saliency and general gist of the scene. Recent evidence on object recognition supports perceptual grouping effects of familiar pairings of functionally interacting objects. This leads to an advantage for their perception as compared with objects positioned in a non-interacting configuration, in cases where there are attentional limitations in perception. Similar effects were previously reported in clinical cases of people diagnosed with neglect (Humphreys & Riddoch, 2001, 2007; Riddoch et al, 2003, 2006), but the fact that they are also present in normally functioning individuals (Green & Hummel, 2006) makes them a clear example of higher order effects on perception. Given the evidence about the abstract nature of the information stored in visual memory and the fact that orientation is part of the spatial information related to an object representation, our first series of experiments aimed at further exploring the nature of this perceptual grouping and whether objects separation would have an effect on it. By combining this paradigm with a paradigm used to explore linguistic factors of perceiving space (Carlson-Radvansky & Radvansky, 1996; Carlson-Radvansky, Covey & Lattanzi, 1999; Carlson-Radvansky & Tang, 2000), we additionally explored the effect of functional interactions at higher levels of post-perceptual processing. We manipulated the locations of various pairs of objects as well as the semantic and functional relationship between them to explore if spatial configurations affect the way people talk about the relationship of the objects in the same way as they affect the same objects‟ recognition. The results revealed a difference, with the same distance manipulation affecting linguistic descriptions of spatial relationships between pairs of objects but having no effect in their perceptual grouping. One of the aims of this thesis is the interpretation of such effects according to a recently growing body of evidence on the interaction between action and perception systems. These systems which were traditionally considered to be two separate disciplines seem to connect, with information from action systems feeding on perceptual systems. Through such an interaction, for example, information about the functionally related objects could lead to their perceptual grouping. A series of experiments have demonstrated effects of action affordances on object perception and their combined results seem to imply pre-attentive effects on object perception independent of the person‟s intention to act on an object (Riddoch, Humphreys, Edwards, Baker & Wilson, 2002; Tipper, Paul & Hayes, 2006; Symes, Ellis & Tucker, 2007).To further explore the role of functional relationships and action affordances in natural scene viewing, a second series of experiments was designed. These experiments also provided evidence to an old debate about the nature of visual memory and its organisation, adding further evidence for the role of semantic relationship and action affordances in the memory encoding of a scene. This series of experiments took advantage of the phenomenon of object prioritization during unexpected object onsets or feature changes while viewing real world scenes (Brockmole & Henderson, 2005a). Using a variation of classic change detection paradigms, eye-tracking data were recorded to measure at which point action affordance manipulations would have an effect and to reveal whether object functionality changes can still produce attention capture (quantified as fixation probability to the object of interest), similarly to previously tested semantic changes. Functionality manipulation was achieved by orientation changes of a critical object in the scene, but in a way which constitutes it non functional to the specific context. By comparing action affordance interference during object onsets against interference during object orientation changes we differentiated between pre-attentive and post-selection mechanisms. Our results indicate that although there is no evidence of pre-attentive modulation of object prioritization, action affordances do have an effect in post-selection mechanisms, with functionally inconsistent objects attracting attention faster and affecting the encoding of an object in the scene representation during memory guided prioritization but not during oculomotor capture. Our results also support the existence of two separate mechanisms for object prioritization. As a summary, this family of semantic relationships, action affordances and the interplay between action and perception systems has been tested during my PhD research from the very early stages of perception until post perceptual and linguistic accounts of the perceived image. Their role in attention capture and their mediating role to visual memory have also been explored using eye-tracking technology and realistic and rich in information real world scenes. Overall my thesis is oriented towards the aspects that tie all these effects together and further explores the role of action affordances in memory encoding.
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Rodrigues, Ida Janete. "Habilidades viso-perceptuais e motoras na Síndrome de Asperger." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-03092010-151245/.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a existência de alterações visopercepto- motoras em pacientes com a síndrome de Asperger ou T.I.D. (Transtorno Invasivo do Desenvolvimento). Para tal, foi desenhado um estudo com dois grupos de trinta sujeitos do sexo masculino entre 12 e 30 anos. Trinta desses sujeitos com a síndrome de Asperger, diagnosticados através dos critérios do DSM-IV-TR, Escala de Traços Autístiscos (ATA), apresentando QS maior ou igual a 70 através das Escalas de Comportamento Adaptativo de Vineland. Os desempenhos nas escalas foram estatisticamente estudados e comparados com os resultados dos trinta sujeitos com desenvolvimento normal. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos às provas de Imitação de Gestos de Bèrges & Lèzine, Piaget-Head, Bender, prova de Cubos das escalas Wechsler e Escala social de Pelotas. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos aos testes relacionados de maneira padronizada. A escolha dos sujeitos e aplicação dos testes foi efetuada em escolas e centros clínicos especializados. As análises dos resultados demonstram diferenças significantes e déficit na organização perceptivo viso motora dos sujeitos com a síndrome de Asperger. A análise estatística por meio do t-independente, entre os dois grupos aponta para repostas discrepantes no grupo dos Aspergers com nível de significância (p0,05/0.05) evidenciando assim, melhor desempenho global em todas as escalas aplicadas nos sujeitos do grupo controle. A complexidade que envolve as noções de percepção espacial, motricidade e ação, bem como a lateralidade mostraram-se marcantes dificuldades na população estudada, sendo necessários novos estudos, prevenção, tratamento e orientações à família e escolaThis study aimed to verify the existence of visual-perceptual-motor function changes in patients with Asperger syndrome or PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorder). To that objective, a study was developed with two groups of thirty male between 12 and 30 years old. Thirty of these people with Asperger\'s syndrome, were diagnosed by the DSM-IV-TR, Autistics Stroke Scale (ATA), with QS greater than or equal to 70 through the Adaptive Behavior Scales Vineland. The performance scales were statistically analyzed and compared with the results of thirty people with normal development. Both groups were tested for Imitation of gestures Bèrges & Lèzine, Piaget-Head, Bender, Cubes proof of Wechsler scales and Pelotas social scale. All people were tested in a standardized way. The choice of the people and tests application had been performed in specialized schools and clinical centers. Analyses of results showed significant differences and deficits in visual motor perceptual organization of individuals with Asperger syndrome.Statistical analysis by T-independent between the two groups points to the differing responses of the Aspergers group with significance (p 0.05 / 0.05), thus emphasizing the better overall performance on all scales applied in the control group.The complexities surrounding the notions of spatial perception and motor action as well as the handedness proved remarkable difficulties in the population studied, being necessary new studies, prevention, treatment and guidance to family and school
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Bilhaut, Agathe. "Stratégies perceptive-motrices durant la locomotion des patients atteints d'une lombalgie chronique non-spécifique : vers de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse et de suivi." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REN20004.
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La lombalgie chronique non spécifique (LCNS) a été identifiée comme l’une des principales causes d'invalidité dans le monde. Elle est évaluée majoritairement grâce à des échelles ou questionnaires, rapportant l'influence de facteurs cognitifs, émotionnels et comportementaux. Cependant, peu d'études l'ont évaluée dans des situations de la vie quotidienne, telles que passer à travers une ouverture de porte ou éviter un piéton sur sa trajectoire. L'objectif de cette thèse a été d'évaluer l'influence de la LCNS dans des paradigmes de locomotion en interaction avec l'environnement, faisant intervenir des facteurs situationnels et sociaux afin de proposer de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse et de suivi des patients. Les participants LCNS ont été comparés à des adultes asymptomatiques (AA) dans 3 tâches de marche dirigée vers un but : 1) une tâche de passage à travers différentes largeurs d'ouvertures où les participants LCNS ont cessé de tourner leurs épaules pour une ouverture plus étroite que les AA, 2) une tâche faisant intervenir des facteurs situationnels (ouverture large ou étroite) et sociaux (expérimentateur au milieu des deux ouvertures) où les participants LCNS modifient leur décision de franchir une ouverture en fonction des facteurs situationnels, et 3) une tâche de croisement de piétons où les participants LCNS semblent bien percevoir les conditions de l'interaction (seuil de déclenchement d’une adaptation et distance de croisement) mais contribuent différemment. En conclusion, la LCNS semble affecter les décisions des participants utilisant des stratégies perceptivo-motrices basées sur le contexte situationnel plutôt que sur le contexte socialChronic non-specific low back pain (cNSLBP) has been identified as one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. It is mainly assessed using scales or questionnaires, reporting the influence of cognitive, emotional and be- havioural factors. However, few studies have assessed it in everyday situations, such as passing through a doorway or avoiding a pedestrian in the path. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of cNSLBP in locomotion paradigms interacting with the environment, involving situational and social factors, in order to propose new methods for analysing and follow-up patients. cNSLBP participants were compared to asymptomatic adult (AA) in 3 goal-directed walking tasks: 1) a task of passing through different widths of apertures where cNSLBP participants stopped turning their shoulders for a narrower opening than AA, 2) a task involving situational (wide or narrow aperture) and social factors (experimenter in the middle of the two apertures) where cNSLBP participants modified their decision to pass through an aperture according to the situational factors, and 3) a pedestrian crossing task where cNSLBP participants seemed to perceive the interaction conditions well (threshold for triggering an adaptation and crossing distance) but contributed differently. In conclusion, cNSLBP seems to affect the decisions of participants using perceptual-motor strategies based on the situational context rather than the social context
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Madelaine, Charline. "Effets à long terme de la prématurité sur les habiletés perceptivo-motrices chez des enfants âgés de 8 ans." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC016/document.
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La naissance prématurée se caractérise par des expériences multisensorielles et sensorimotrices atypiques lors d’une période du développement très sensible à ces dernières (Koenig-Zores & Kuhn, 2016). Les recherches ont mis en évidence un impact significatif de la prématurité sur le développement des enfants (Marret et al., 2015) induisant notamment des troubles perceptivo-moteurs avec ou sans troubles neurologiques associés (De Rose et al., 2013). Cependant, si beaucoup d’études portent sur la motricité des nouveau-nés et nourrissons nés prématurés, peu de données existent sur le développement perceptivo-moteur des enfants nés prématurés sans diagnostic de trouble neurodéveloppemental. La question principale abordée dans cette thèse est de savoir si la prématurité n’induit pas des signatures motrices spécifiques, même en absence de ces troubles. Dans l’objectif de répondre à cette question, différents tests standardisés, et trois tâches expérimentales impliquant la perception des équivalences intermodalitaires, la coordination visuomotrice et le contrôle postural, ont été proposés à 48 enfants nés à terme et 32 enfants nés grands prématurés sans diagnostic de trouble neurodéveloppemental et tous âgés de 8 ans. Les résultats ont mis en évidence dans les deux groupes des habiletés comparables de perception des équivalences intermodalitaires dans les modalités haptique et visuelle. Cependant, ils ont aussi révélé une efficience moindre de la coordination visuomotrice et du contrôle postural chez les enfants nés prématurés en comparaison des enfants nés à terme. Ces différences suggèrent des processus perceptivo-moteurs différents chez les enfants nés grands prématurés sans diagnostic de trouble neurodéveloppemental âgés de 8 ans. Ces résultats offrent ainsi de nouvelles perspectives cliniques, notamment d’évaluation plus fine des habiletés perceptivo-motrices, ainsi que de nouveaux questionnements de recherche sur les trajectoires développementales de ces mêmes habiletés et des réseaux neuronaux sous-jacents chez les enfants nés prématurésPreterm birth is associated with atypical multisensory and sensorimotor experiences during a period of development sensitive to these experiences (Koenig-Zores & Kuhn, 2016). The studies showed a significant impact of prematurity on children development (Marret et al., 2015), such as perceptual-motor disorders, with or without associated neurological disorders (De Rose et al., 2013). However, even though there are many studies on motor abilities of preterm newborns and preterm infants, little data exists on perceptual-motor development of preterm children without neurodevelopmental disorders. The main question addressed in this thesis is to know whether prematurity does induce specific motor signatures, even in the absence of neurodevelopmental disorders. To answer this question, different standardized tests and three research tasks involving perception of intersensory equivalences, visuomotor coordination, and postural control, have been proposed to 48 full-term children and 32 very preterm children without any diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders, all aged 8 years old. The results revealed comparable perception abilities of intersensory equivalences in haptic and visual modalities in the preterm and the full-term groups. However, they also showed a lower efficiency of visuomotor coordination and postural control in the preterm children compared to the full-term children. These observations suggest different perceptual-motor processes in very preterm children without diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders at the age of 8. The results offer new clinical opportunities for a more precise evaluation of perceptual-motor abilities, and new research questions about developmental trajectories of perceptual-motor abilities and underlying neuronal networks, in preterm children
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Zikovitz, Daniel C. "The perception of linear self-motion in response to combinations of visual and physical motion cues /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99265.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Biology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 292-305). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99265
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Phillips, Sam L. "Residual kinetics indices a versatile interface for prosthetic control /." 2007. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13487.
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Edmunds, Timothy. "Improving interactive multisensory simulation and rendering through focus on perceptual processes." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000050507.
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Lam, Melanie Yah-Wai. "Do action-relevant properties of objects capture attention and prime action /." Thesis, 2006. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Engelbrecht, Magdalena Aletta. "Riglyne vir 'n leergereedmakingsprogram vir nie-skoolgereed graad een-leerlinge." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9158.
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M.Ed. (Educational Psychology)Schoolreadiness is an important prerequisite for scholastic learning and progress. This forms the underlying basis for this study. The child who is not ready for school and learning, may eventually experience learning difficulties. It is alarming that so many children have developed learning problems in, for instance, reading, spelling or mathematics, because they were not ready for school. The need for support for these children should be seen as the primary objective of this study. A great number of these difficulties might be related to their not being schoolready, and could probably be reduced or avoided by timeous intervention. The aim of this study was to determine any perceptual-motor problems that grade one pupils still experienced after having completed the compulsory prescribed schoolreadiness programme. Another objective was to determine guidelines for a learning readiness programme which would remedy any of the identified perceptual-motor problems which might still exist. The study commenced with a survey of the literature on schoolreadiness. It was decided to do an empirical study where 75 grade one pupils were sUbjected to the Aptitude Test for School Beginners (ASB) to identify any possible factors which would indicate non-schoolreadiness. The results indicated that a large group of pupils still have problems with spatial orientation, gestalt and co-ordination after the initial TED schoolreadiness programme. In the light of the mentioned perceptual-motor problems, some guidelines were designed to be used in a programme to stimulate the child to become more schoolready...
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Zikovitz, Daniel C. "Self-motion perception through visual optic flow and vestibular cues." 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ39249.
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Thesis (M. Sc.)--York University, 1998.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ39249.
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Khan, Aarlenne Zein. "Spatial representations for visually-guided movements in intact subjects and neurological patients /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19801.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-172). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19801
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"The role of synchronization in perception." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890343.
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Yue Xiaomin.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-55).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 --- Neuronal Synchronization --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Synchronization and attention --- p.4
Chapter CHAPTER II --- METHODOLOGY OF EEG SIGNAL ANALYSIS
Chapter 1 --- A time series and a stochastic process --- p.8
Chapter 2 --- Methods to capture neuronal synchronization --- p.10
Chapter 3 --- Disadvantage of traditional method to calculate coherent --- p.11
Chapter 4 --- Multivariate AutoRegressive model (MVAR) --- p.12
Chapter 5 --- Estimation algorithm of MVAR model --- p.15
Chapter 6 --- Validation of the algorithm by simulation --- p.17
Chapter CHAPTER III --- EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS
Chapter 1 --- Experiment --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Participants and experimental procedures --- p.21
Chapter 1.2 --- EEG recording and processing --- p.22
Chapter 1.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.23
Chapter 2 --- Experiment
Chapter 2.1 --- Participants and experimental procedures --- p.32
Chapter 2.2 --- EEG recording and processing --- p.32
Chapter 2.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.33
Chapter CHAPTER IV --- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Chapter 1 --- Functional connection between different cortical areas --- p.42
Chapter 2 --- Relationship of coherence to motor behavior --- p.45
Chapter 3 --- Automatic synchronization --- p.46
Reference --- p.48
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Gong, Jianfei. "Direct perception of time-to-contact : temporal and visuo-spatial constraints." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151723.
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