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1
Dongrui, Wu, ed. Perceptual computing: Aiding people in making subjective judgments. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2010.
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2
Perception, interaction, and language: Interaction of daily living : the root of development. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.
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3
Mendel, Jerry M. Perceptual computing: Aiding people in making subjective judgments. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
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4
Treess, Helga. Soziale Kommunikation und Integration. Dortmund: Verlag Modernes Lernen, 1990.
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5
André, Vyt, Bloch H. 1934-, and Bornstein Marc H, eds. Early child development in the French tradition: Contributions from current research. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1994.
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6
Couture, Katherine Anne. PERCEPTUAL DIFFERENCES IN ACADEMIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BLACK STUDENTS AND WHITE FACULTY IN BACCALAUREATE SCHOOLS OF NURSING (NURSING EDUCATION). 1991.
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7
Grossberg, Stephen. The Visual World as Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0007.
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This chapter shows how visual illusions arise from neural processes that play an adaptive role in achieving the remarkable perceptual capabilities of advanced brains. It clarifies that many visual percepts are visual illusions, in the sense that they arise from active processes that reorganize and complete perceptual representations from the noisy data received by retinas. Some of these representations look illusory, whereas others look real. The chapter heuristically summarizes explanations of illusions that arise due to completion of perceptual groupings, filling-in of surface lightnesses and colors, transformation of ambiguous motion signals into coherent percepts of object motion direction and speed, and interactions between the form and motion cortical processing streams. A central theme is that the brain is organized into parallel processing streams with computationally complementary properties, that interstream interactions overcome these complementary deficiencies to compute effective representations of the world, and how these representations generate visual illusions.
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Avramides, Anita. Other Minds, Autism, and Depth in Human Interaction. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0020.
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This chapter suggests that, when considering the philosophical problem of other minds, we distinguish between "thick" and "thin" versions of it. While traditional approaches take the problem to be a thick one, more recent work can be seen as addressing only a thin variant. Dretske, while acknowledging the thick problem, proposes a perceptual model of our knowledge of other minds which addresses only the thin version. The chapter proposes that, in the place of the thick problem, we consider the quality of our interactions with others. Following Wittgenstein, it suggests that where individuals share a nature their interactions exhibit a quality that it calls "depth." Where that nature is not, or is only partially, shared, there one might expect to find the quality of the interaction between persons disturbed. The chapter suggests that this disturbance might explain the impaired quality of interaction between autistic and non-autistic individuals.
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O'Callaghan, Casey. A Multisensory Philosophy of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833703.001.0001.
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This book argues that human perception and perceptual consciousness are richly multisensory. Its thesis is that the coordinated use of multiple senses enhances and extends human perceptual capacities and consciousness in three critical ways. First, crossmodal perceptual illusions reveal hidden multisensory interactions that typically make the senses more coherent and reliable sources of evidence about the environment. Second, the joint use of multiple senses discloses more of the world, including novel features and qualities, making possible new forms of perceptual experience. Third, through crossmodal dependence, plasticity, and perceptual learning, each sense is reshaped by the influence of others, at a time and over time. The implication is that no sense—not even vision itself—can be understood entirely in isolation from the others. This undermines the prevailing approach to perception, which proceeds sense by sense, and sets the stage for a revisionist multisensory approach that illuminates the nature, scope, and character of sense perception.
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Mendel, Jerry, and Dongrui Wu. Perceptual Computing. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.
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11
Bolens, Guillemette. Kinesic Humor. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190930066.001.0001.
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Literature is one of the richest sources of information concerning the ways in which human beings are able to play with cognition. According to the theory of embodied cognition, human cognition is grounded in sensorimotricity, i.e., the ability to feel, perceive, and move. The pervading cognitive process called perceptual simulation, which is activated when we cognitively process a gesture in a real-life situation, is also recruited when we read about actions, movements, and gestures in texts. Kinesic Humor examines literary works written by major authors—including Chrétien de Troyes, Cervantes, Milton, Saint-Simon, Rousseau, Sterne, and Stendhal—in which perceptual simulations of complex sensorimotor events and kinesic interactions trigger humorous effects. Such works create anticipations regarding movements and sensations, which are unexpectedly thwarted, thus producing cognitive shifts typical of humor. By bringing together literary studies, cognitive studies, gesture studies, and humor studies, this book offers original perspectives on such important artworks as Paradise Lost, Don Quixote, and Le Rouge et le Noir. In it, the importance of rhythm and tonicity in the perception of movements and gestures is a focus of attention. The interactional significance of gestures often lies in their dynamics, and this fact also applies to the cognitive retrieval of narrated gestures during the act of reading. The method of kinesic analysis practiced in this book takes into account such cognitive features in correlation with the historical and cultural contexts in which the literary works were written.
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Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Disruptive camouflage. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.003.0003.
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Disruptive camouflage involves using coloration to hinder detection or recognition of an object’s outline, or other conspicuous features of its body. This involves using coloration to create ‘false’ edges that make the ‘true’ interior and exterior edges used by visual predators to find and recognize prey less apparent. Disruptive camouflage can therefore be thought of as a manipulation of the signal-to-noise ratio that depends on features of the perceptual processing of receivers. This chapter discusses the multiple mechanisms via which disruptive camouflage is thought to influence visual processing, from edge detection, through perceptual grouping, and then on to object recognition processing. This receiver-centred approach—rather than a prey-phenotype-centred approach—aims to integrate disruption within the sensory ecology of predator–prey interactions. We then discuss the taxonomic, ecological, and behavioural correlates of disruptive camouflage strategies, work on the relationship between disruption and other forms of protective coloration, and review the development of approaches to quantifying disruption in animals.
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Macpherson, Fiona, ed. Sensory Substitution and Augmentation. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266441.001.0001.
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Sensory substitution and augmentation devices are built to try to replace or enhance one sense by using another sense. For example, in tactile–vision, stimulation of the skin driven by input to a camera is used to replace the ordinary sense of vision that uses our eyes. The feelSpace belt aims to give people a magnetic sense of direction using vibrotactile stimulation driven by a digital compass. This volume brings together researchers—neuroscientists, psychologists and philosophers—who are developing these technologies, studying the minds and behaviour of subjects who use them. There is a particular focus on the nature of the perceptual experiences, the sensory interactions, and the changes that take place in the mind and brain over time that occur while using and training to use these technologies. Essays address the nature, limits and possibilities of sensory substitution and augmentation, how they might be used to help those with sensory impairments, and what they can tell us about perception and perceptual experience in general.
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Affolter, Felicie D. Perception, Interaction and Language : Interaction of Daily Living: The Root of Development. Springer, 2011.
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15
Mendel, Jerry, and Dongrui Wu. Perceptual Computing: Aiding People in Making Subjective Judgments. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.
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16
and, Bruno. Object Perception and Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0004.
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Perceived objects are unitary entities that enter our consciousness as organized wholes distinct from other entities and from empty parts of the environment, that are amenable to bodily interactions, and that possess several features such as a three-dimensional structure, a location in space, a colour, a texture, a weight, a degree of rigidity, an odour, and so on. In this chapter, we will discuss perceptual processes responsible for forming such units within and between sensory channels, typically for the purpose of recognition. Our discussion of multisensory interactions in object perception will provide a useful domain for illustrating the key notion of optimal multisensory integration and for introducing Bayesian models of perception. These models provide important novel ways of addressing classical problems in the philosophy of perception, in influential historical approaches such as the Gestalt theory of perception, and in applications to rehabilitation based on sensory substitution.
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Seeley, William P. Attentional Engines. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662158.001.0001.
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What is it about art that can be so captivating? How is it that we find value in these often odd and abstract objects and events that we call artworks? My proposal is that artworks are attentional engines. They are artifacts that have been intentionally designed to direct attention to critical stylistic features that reveal their point, purpose, or meaning. My suggestion is that there is a lot that we can learn about art from interdisciplinary research focused on our perceptual engagement with artworks. These kinds of studies can reveal how we recognize artworks, how we differentiate them from other, more quotidian artifacts. In doing so they reveal how artworks function as a unique source of value. Our interactions with artworks draw on a broad base of shared artistic and cultural constitutive of different categories of art. Cognitive systems integrate this information into our experience of art, guiding attention, and shaping what we perceive. Our understanding and appreciation of artworks is therefore carried in our perceptual experience of them. Teasing out how this works can contribute valuable information to our philosophical understanding of art. Attentional Engines explores this interdisciplinary strategy for understanding art. It articulates a cognitivist theory of art grounded in perceptual psychology and the neuroscience attention and demonstrates its application to a range of puzzles in the philosophy of the arts, including questions about the nature of depiction, the role played by metakinesis in dance appreciation, the nature of musical expression, and the power of movies.
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and, Bruno. Perceiving Food. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0005.
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How we perceive edible objects is one of the most important perceptual functions served by our brains, both for its adaptive and hedonic implications. The perception of the flavour of foods is perhaps the quintessential multisensory experience, and in this chapter we will detail how flavour depends not only on coding taste in the mouth, but also on olfaction, vision, somatosensation, and even hearing. Multisensory interactions in the perception of food provide another important domain to illustrate principles of multisensory perception, are fundamental to understand methods of sensory analysis in the production of food, and provide an exciting new direction for analyses of culinary art.
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Lu, Zhong-Lin, and George Sperling. Second-Order Mach Bands, Chevreul, and Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet Illusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0053.
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Second-order texture illusions, corresponding to Mach bands, Chevreul, and Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusions in brightness perception, are generated by replacing luminance modulations in the classic stimuli with modulations of texture contrast. Whereas the classic (first-order) illusions exhibit changes in lightness or darkness near boundaries, the second-order stimuli exhibit analogous perceptual effects that are increases or decreases in apparent texture contrast with no concomitant change in apparent brightness. The magnitudes of the second-order texture-contrast changes are comparable to brightness changes in the classic first-order illusions. These results indicate that second-order (texture) illusions involve spatial interactions that are remarkably similar to those in first-order (luminance) processing.
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and, Bruno. Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0008.
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Within the traditional notion of the senses, the perception of time is especially puzzling. There is no specific physical energy carrying information about time, and hence no sensory receptors can transduce a ‘temporal stimulus.’ Time-related properties of events can instead be shown to emerge from specific perceptual processes involving multisensory interactions. In this chapter, we will examine five such properties: the awareness that two events occur at the same time (simultaneity) or one after the other (succession); the coherent time-stamping of events despite inaccuracies and imprecisions in coding simultaneity and succession (temporal coherence); the awareness of the temporal extent occupied by events (duration); the organization of events in regular temporal units (rhythm).
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O'Callaghan, Casey. Perception and Multimodality. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0005.
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The article presents some findings concerning multimodality, and the philosophical implications of these findings. One of the findings is that crossmodal illusions show that perception involves interactions among processes associated with different modalities. Patterns of crossmodal bias and recalibration reveal the organization of multimodal perceptual processes. Multimodal interactions obey intelligible principles, they resolve conflicts, and they enhance the reliability of perception. Multimodal processes also demonstrate a concern across the senses for common features and individuals, for several reasons such as the intermodal biasing and recalibration responsible for crossmodal illusions requires that information from sensory stimulation associated with different senses be taken to be commensurable. The commensurable information from different senses shares, or traces to, a common source since conflict resolution requires a common subject matter. One important lesson of multimodal effects is that an analog of the correspondence problem within a modality holds between modalities. Spatio-temporal unity, objectual unity, and integration are tied to the capacity to detect constancies and solve correspondence problems across modalities. Solving crossmodal correspondence problems requires a common modal or multimodal code that is shared among modalities.
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Geier, János, and Mariann Hudák. Changing the Chevreul Illusion by a Background Luminance Ramp. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0044.
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The Chevreul illusion comprises adjacent homogeneous grey bands of different luminance, which are perceived as inhomogeneous. It is generally explained by lateral inhibition. When the Chevreul staircase is placed in a luminance ramp background, the illusion noticeably changes. Since all conditions of the lateral inhibition account are untouched within the staircase, lateral inhibition (which is a local model) fails to model these perceptual changes. Another ramp was placed around the staircase, whose direction was opposite to that of the original, larger ramp. The result here is that though the inner ramp is rather narrow, it still dominates perception. The chapter concludes that long-range interactions between boundary edges and areas enclosed by them provide a much more plausible account for these brightness phenomena, and local models are insufficient.
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Munson, Marit K., and Kelley Hays-Gilpin. Iconography. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.35.
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Images from archaeological sites are often engaging, sometimes mysterious, and always seem full of potential for insight into the lives and thoughts of people from the past. Unfortunately, most research into archaeological images relies on a narrow range of art historical methods and on parallels with ethnographic information. These approaches are valuable, but unnecessarily limited. In this chapter, we encourage researchers to expand their understanding of images, exploring how perceptual and social theories of pictures shape our understanding of meaning and discussing the benefits and drawbacks of formal, informed, and artifactual approaches to studying pictures. We also review major temporal and cultural patterns in image traditions in the Southwest, illustrating how iconography yields important insights into cosmologies, values, the advent and spread of religious movements, macro regional interactions, and social dynamics in the past.
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Light, Paul, and Karen Littleton. Social Processes in Children's Learning (Cambridge Studies in Cognitive and Perceptual Development). Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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25
and, Bruno. A Multisensory Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0001.
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Perception may be defined as the cognitive process that lets us know what is out there, based on incoming sensory signals. Standard textbook accounts often emphasize five modular ‘senses’ encoding such signals. In the perspective presented in this book, instead, perception is inherently multisensory and linked to exploratory action. Perceptual processes do not merely encode incoming sensory signals, they actively explore the environment, seeking informative stimulation from potential multisensory sources and they combine available signals through several multisensory interactions. Studying perception within a multisensory, rather than modular perspective, requires a systemic approach, and this book illustrates how this notion can be successfully applied to eight domains of perception in natural conditions: knowing our own body, controlling its movements, perceiving inanimate objects, perceiving edible objects, understanding the intriguing phenomenon known as synaesthesia, attending to objects in multisensory conditions, perceiving space, and perceiving time.
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and, Bruno. Synaesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0006.
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Synaesthesia is a curious anomaly of multisensory perception. When presented with stimulation in one sensory channel, in addition to the percept usually associated with that channel (inducer) a true synaesthetic experiences a second percept in another perceptual modality (concurrent). Although synaesthesia is not pathological, true synaesthetes are relatively rare and their synaesthetic associations tend to be quite idiosyncratic. For this reason, studying synaesthesia is difficult, but exciting new experimental results are beginning to clarify what makes the brain of synaesthetes special and the mechanisms that may produce the condition. Even more importantly, the related phenomenon known as ‘natural’ crossmodal associations is instead experienced by everyone, providing another useful domain for studying multisensory interactions with important implications for understanding our preferences for products in terms of spontaneously evoked associations, as well as for choosing appropriate names, labels, and packaging in marketing applications.
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Cohen, Marlene R., and John H. R. Maunsell. Neuronal Mechanisms of Spatial Attention in Visual Cerebral Cortex. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.007.
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Attention is associated with improved performance on perceptual tasks and changes in the way that neurons in the visual system respond to sensory stimuli. While we now have a greater understanding of the way different behavioural and stimulus conditions modulate the responses of neurons in different cortical areas, it has proven difficult to identify the neuronal mechanisms responsible for these changes and establish a strong link between attention-related modulation of sensory responses and changes in perception. Recent conceptual and technological advances have enabled progress and hold promise for the future. This chapter focuses on newly established links between attention-related modulation of visual responses and bottom-up sensory processing, how attention relates to interactions between neurons, insights from simultaneous recordings from groups of cells, and how this knowledge might lead to greater understanding of the link between the effects of attention on sensory neurons and perception.
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Oliver, Jon L., and Rhodri S. Lloyd. Speed and agility training. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0037.
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Speed and agility are fundamental locomotive skills that form the basis of many physical activities, and contribute to success in youth sport. Speed and agility represent unique qualities; speed is the ability to move quickly in a straight line, whereas agility is the ability to rapidly change direction in response to a stimulus. Agility can be further sub-divided into the physical component of change-of-direction-speed and a perceptual component related to the ability to respond to external stimuli. The natural development and trainability of speed has become relatively well understood in children and adolescents, whereas our understanding of agility is predominantly limited to a smaller body of research examining change-of-direction-speed. This chapter focuses on describing the natural development of maximal speed and agility throughout childhood and adolescence, as well as examining interactions between training and maturity in both the short- and long-term across a range of different modes of training.
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Reynolds, Daniel. Media in Mind. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872519.001.0001.
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Media in Mind argues that media perform constitutive roles in the minds of media users. It employs pragmatic philosophy and contemporary philosophy of mind in showing how media function in their users’ minds. This troubles the concept of internal mental representations, which has been central to both media studies and philosophy of mind. Media in Mind discusses film and video games that pose perceptual challenges for their users. It proposes new understandings of media platforms and interfaces. It discusses platforms as a way of thinking about emergence, a theoretical concern that crosses disciplinary boundaries. It shows how the interface goes beyond the surface of media to encompass media users and their interactions with media technologies. It shows how media technologists imagine the bodies of potential users of the devices that they design. It proposes that media, media technologies, minds, and bodies should be considered as aspects of a continuous ecology in which they all participate.
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Sundar, S. Shyam. Social psychology of interactivity in human-website interaction. Edited by Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes, and Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0007.
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This article discusses interactivity as a modality feature, source feature, and message feature. It argues that the ultimate effect of interactivity does not lie so much in its function as a peripheral cue in the message context, but as a technological feature that boosts social-psychological effects of content by creating greater user engagement with it. Interactivity can manifest itself by extending the range and functionality of all three basic elements of mediated communication – source, modality, message – and, through theoretical mechanisms involving concepts such as perceptual bandwidth, customization, and contingency, it can determine the manner in which content is psychologically processed by users.
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Vehicle Simulation: Perceptual Fidelity in the Design of Virtual Environments. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Lee, Alfred T. Vehicle Simulation: Perceptual Fidelity in the Design of Virtual Environments. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Lee, Alfred T. Vehicle Simulation: Perceptual Fidelity in the Design of Virtual Environments. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Lee, Alfred T. Vehicle Simulation: Perceptual Fidelity in the Design of Virtual Environments. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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35
Owens, Brenda Joyce H. THE EFFECTS OF A PERCEPTUAL INTERACTION CONFERENCE ON THE SELF-CONCEPT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA. 1991.
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36
Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Top-Down Predictions Determine Perceptions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0009.
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While bottom-up visual processing is important, the brain integrates this information with top-down, generative expectations from very early on in the visual processing hierarchy. Indeed, our brain should not be viewed as a classification system, but rather as a generative system, which perceives something by integrating sensory evidence with the available, learned, predictive knowledge about that thing. The involved generative models continuously produce expectations over time, across space, and from abstracted encodings to more concrete encodings. Bayesian information processing is the key to understand how information integration must work computationally – at least in approximation – also in the brain. Bayesian networks in the form of graphical models allow the modularization of information and the factorization of interactions, which can strongly improve the efficiency of generative models. The resulting generative models essentially produce state estimations in the form of probability densities, which are very well-suited to integrate multiple sources of information, including top-down and bottom-up ones. A hierarchical neural visual processing architecture illustrates this point even further. Finally, some well-known visual illusions are shown and the perceptions are explained by means of generative, information integrating, perceptual processes, which in all cases combine top-down prior knowledge and expectations about objects and environments with the available, bottom-up visual information.
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Light, Paul, and Karen Littleton. Social Processes in Children's Learning (Cambridge Studies in Cognitive and Perceptual Development). Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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38
Howes, Andrew, Xiuli Chen, Aditya Acharya, and Richard L. Lewis. Interaction as an Emergent Property of a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0011.
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In this chapter we explore the potential advantages of modeling the interaction between a human and a computer as a consequence of a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) that models human cognition. POMDPs can be used to model human perceptual mechanisms, such as human vision, as partial (uncertain) observers of a hidden state are possible. In general, POMDPs permit a rigorous definition of interaction as the outcome of a reward maximizing stochastic sequential decision processes. They have been shown to explain interaction between a human and an environment in a range of scenarios, including visual search, interactive search and sense-making. The chapter uses these scenarios to illustrate the explanatory power of POMDPs in HCI. It also shows that POMDPs embrace the embodied, ecological and adaptive nature of human interaction.
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Kitaoka, Akiyoshi. The Fraser-Wilcox Illusion and Its Extension. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0068.
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The Fraser-Wilcox illusion is one of the anomalous motion illusions observed in a stationary image, and its extension, including “rotating snakes,” which has been used extensively via the Internet, are reviewed in this chapter. Perceptual dimorphism featuring the Fraser-Wilcox illusion is explained by an interaction between two different illusions. Darkening disambiguation of the Fraser-Wilcox illusion, perceptual dimorphism, the optimized Fraser-Wilcox illusions, the effect of age on the illusion magnitude, as well as the role of color including color enhancement are demonstrated and discussed. The timing-difference model and the eye-movement model are also explored. Recent studies that relate to these concepts are also examined.
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Milona, Michael. On the Epistemological Significance of Value Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786054.003.0011.
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This chapter explores the epistemological significance of the view that we can literally see, hear, and touch evaluative properties (the high-level theory of value perception). Its central contention is that, from the perspective of epistemology, the question of whether there are such high-level experiences doesn’t matter. Insofar as there are such experiences, they most plausibly emerged through the right kind of interaction with evaluative capacities that are not literally perceptual (e.g., of the sort involved in imaginative evaluative reflection). Even if these other evaluative capacities turn out not to alter the content of perceptual experience, they would still be sufficient to do all the justificatory work that high-level experiences are meant to do. The chapter closes by observing that it may matter a great deal whether a certain other picture of value perception is true. This alternative picture has it that desires and/or emotions are perceptual-like experiences of value.
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Stein, Barry E., ed. The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing. The MIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8466.001.0001.
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The major reference work for a rapidly advancing field synthesizes central themes, reports on current findings, and offers a blueprint for future research. Scientists' attempts to understand the physiology underlying our apprehension of the physical world was long dominated by a focus on the individual senses. The 1980s saw the beginning of systematic efforts to examine interactions among different sensory modalities at the level of the single neuron. And by the end of the 1990s, a recognizable and multidisciplinary field of "multisensory processes" had emerged. More recently, studies involving both human and nonhuman subjects have focused on relationships among multisensory neuronal ensembles and their behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive correlates. The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing synthesizes the central themes in this rapidly developing area, reports on current findings, and offers a blueprint for future research. The contributions, all of them written for this volume by leading experts, reflect the evolution and current state of the field. This handbook does more than simply review the field. Each of the volume's eleven sections broadly surveys a major topic, and each begins with a substantive and thought-provoking commentary by the section editor that identifies the major issues being explored, describes their treatment in the chapters that follow, and sets these findings within the context of the existing body of knowledge. Together, the commentaries and chapters provide an invaluable guide to areas of general agreement, unresolved issues, and topics that remain to be explored in this fast-moving field.
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Krauzlis, Richard J. Attentional Functions of the Superior Colliculus. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.014.
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The superior colliculus (SC) plays an important role in both overt and covert attention. In primates, the SC is well known to be a central component of the motor pathways that orient the eyes and head to important objects in the environment. Accordingly, neurons in the SC show enhanced responses that will be the target of orienting movements, compared to stimuli that will be ignored. Single-neuron recordings in the SC have revealed a variety of attention-related effects, including changes in activity related to bottom-up and top-down attention, attention capture, and inhibition of return. These findings support the view of the SC as a priority map that represents the location of important objects in the visual environment. Manipulation of SC activity by electrical microstimulation and chemical inactivation shows that the SC is not simply a recipient of attention-related effects, but plays a causal role in these processes. In particular, activity in the SC plays a major role in the selection of targets for saccades, and also for pursuit eye movements and movements of the hand. Moreover, activity in the SC is important not only for the control of overt attention, but also plays a crucial role in covert attention—the processing of visual signals for perceptual judgements even in the absence of orienting movements. The mechanisms mediating the role of the SC in the control of covert attention are not yet known, but current models emphasize interactions between the SC and areas of the cerebral cortex.
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Peckruhn, Heike. Meaning in Our Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190280925.001.0001.
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What do our everyday experiences and bodily movements have to do with our theological imagination? How should we draw the connection between lived experience and theology? Feminist theologians, as well as other scholars, appeal to the importance of bodily experiences and perceptions when developing claims regarding social and cultural values and argue that our actions are always meaningful. But where and how do these arguments gain traction beyond mere thinking about methods in religious studies or theological exploring of metaphors? Religious scholars and theologians need to acquire a robust grasp on how sensory perceptions and interactions are cultural and theological acts that are bodily meaning making. This book presents a method of tracing embodied experience in order to account for meaning in everyday movements and encounters by strengthening and refining the concept of “experience” through a set of analytical commitments built on Maurice Merlau-Ponty’s phenomenological concepts. The notion of bodily experience is extended to that which makes up our social and theological knowledges. Bodily perceptual experiences are ways of thinking and orienting in the world, therefore comprising theological imagination. This is demonstrated in historical and cultural comparisons where taste, touch, and emitted sounds may order normalcy, social status, or communal belonging. Constructive body theology as analytical tool is tested in feminist projects known for their explicit turn to experience and embodiment (Carter Heyward, Marcella Althaus-Reid). This book concludes with presentations of constructive possibilities that emerge when everyday bodily experience is utilized effectively as a source for religious and theological inquiries.
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Rollins, Pamela Rosenthal. Developmental Pragmatics. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.6.
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This chapter traces the development of communicative intention, conversation, and narrative in early interaction from infancy to early childhood. True communicative intention commences once the infant acquires the social cognitive ability to share attention and intention with another. The developing child’s pragmatic understanding is reflective of his/her underlying motivations for cooperation and shared intentionality. As children begin to understand others’ mental states, they can take others’ perspectives and understand what knowledge is shared and with whom, moving from joint perceptual focus to more decontextualized communicative intentions. With adult assistance, the young child is able to engage in increasingly more sophisticated conversational exchanges and co-constructed narratives which influence the child’s autonomous capabilities.
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Hallam, Susan. Where now? Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0052.
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This article draws together the emerging themes from across all sections of the book. The first theme concerns the power of music, the second the way that modern technology has enhanced music's influence through increasing access and enabling individuals to listen to the music of their choice at any time or place. Subsequent themes relate to our understanding of basic perceptual and cognitive processes, and music as language, communication, and interaction. A key issue is the need to take greater account of culture and context, with more research being undertaken in non-Western cultures. The article concludes with a consideration of methodological advances and the need for those from different disciplines with an interest in music psychology to work more closely together.
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Sahlén, Birgitta, Kristina Hansson, Viveka Lyberg-Åhlander, and Jonas Brännström. Spoken Language and Language Impairment in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0006.
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Despite medical, technical, and pedagogical advances, the risk for language impairment is still much higher in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children than in hearing peers. Research on linguistic, cognitive, and communicative development in DHH children has found a range of basic spoken language deficits. Twenty percent to 50% of deaf children still meet criteria for language impairment. Tests of nonword repetition and verb inflection are markers that improve early identification of children at risk for persistent language problems. DHH children are typically mainstreamed today, and poor listening conditions in the classroom severely jeopardize learning in children with weak perceptual and cognitive skills. In this chapter we report on our own and others’ studies exploring the interaction of factors, both external and internal to the child, that influence spoken language and communication. The focus is on intervention projects aiming to improve language learning environments through teacher education.
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Bergmann, Thomas. Music Therapy for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.35.
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Music as a non-verbal form of communication and play addresses the core features of autism, such as social impairments, limited speech, stereotyped behaviors, sensory-perceptual impairments, and emotional dysregulation; thus music-based interventions are well established in therapy and education. Music therapy approaches are underpinned by behavioral, creative, sensory-perceptional, developmental, and educational theory and research. The effectiveness of music therapy in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reflected by a huge number of studies and case reports; current empirical studies aim to support evidence-based practice. A treatment guide for improvisational music therapy provides unique interventions to foster social skills, emotionality, and flexibility; in developmental approaches, the formation of interpersonal relationships is key. Since ASD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, music therapy is also appropriate in the treatment of adults with intellectual disability. Diagnostic approaches using musical-interactional settings to assess ASD symptomatology are promising, especially in non-speakers.
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Bloch, Henriette, Marc H. Bornstein, and Andre Vyt. Early Child Development in the French Tradition: Contributions from Current Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Bloch, Henriette, Marc H. Bornstein, and Andre Vyt. Early Child Development in the French Tradition: Contributions from Current Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Bloch, Henriette, Marc H. Bornstein, and Andre Vyt. Early Child Development in the French Tradition: Contributions from Current Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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