Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Perception visuo-Spatiale'
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Datié, Ange-Michel. "Regard et négligence visuo-spatiale." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU15.
Full textLe, Rallic Mikaël. "Imagerie mentale visuo-spatiale et vieillissement." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30084.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the effects of aging on the process of mental imagery, in maintenance and manipulation imagery tasks. In order to clarify these effects, in addition to performance analysis, we thought it is important to study strategies reported during the resolution of these imagery tasks. We conducted 6 experiments, with young and old participants, in which we tested the influence of several experimental factors, such as the duration of maintenance of images, their complexity, the angles of rotation, and the interference of motor tasks. . . On the performances and strategies. We have tested the assumption of Kosslyn (1994) who considers that the processes of high levels (manipulation of mental images) are more sensitive to the aging decline that low levels (maintenance of mental images). Our results confirm this hypothesis of aging effects on performances, but also reveal a major influence of aging on the strategies and on specific body movements involved in mental rotation. Everything suggests that each participant, young or old, has implemented one of the possible cognitive and body strategies, taken into account its available cognitive resources and the complexity of the mental imagery task. Our research underlined the need for a study of patterns of dynamic interaction of cognitive, strategic and motor processes in order to renew the theoretical models of imagery and mental effects of aging
Godfroy, Martine. "Interactions visuo-auditives : un phénomène intégratif pour la perception spatiale." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H060.
Full textBraem, Bérenger. "Perception des orientations et intégration multisensorielle." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30010/document.
Full textThe perception of the vertical direction is achieved through vestibular, visual and somatosensory information integration. It is studied in the visual (SVV), haptic (SHV) and less often in the visuo-haptic modality (SVHV). The latter raises the question of the integration of visual the information involved in the visual and haptic modalities and of the cognitive model underlying this integration. SVV, SHV and SVHV were compared in the first four studies of this thesis, inhealthy young and older subjects and in right-brain damaged patients with or without visuo-spatial disorders. Performances were closed to the gravity in healthy participants, for SVV as well as forSVHV. VHS, assessed with the right hand, was tilted clockwise in young participants and anticlockwise in older participants. The presence of a visual frame disrupted SVV and SVHV. The right-brain damaged patients had an anti-clockwise deviation of SVV and SVHV and the SHV was even more tilted. SVHV was well predicted from the sum of the SVV and SHV weighted by their relative variances in all conditions and the SVHV variances were lesser. SHV was evaluated in detail in the two last studies of this thesis because of the systematic tilt in the first four studies. The results show that the SHV is tilted clockwise with the right hand and anti-clockwise with the left hand in young healthy subjects. Moreover, deviations reversed in older group and performances are systematically tilted toward the initial positions in the two groups. Taken together, these results show that the way participants integrate visual and haptic information fits the maximum like lihoodmodel with a greater weighting of information available in visual modality and that ageing and right-brain lesions does not alter the multisensory integration. The weight of vestibular information in the subjective vertical, which has not been evaluated per se in this thesis, needs further investigations
Drissi, Hind. "Déficits de perception visuo-spatiale élémentaire dans les atteintes neuro-développementales, sensorielles ou motrices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10332.
Full textIt was established that visuo-spatial perception troubles were frequent in children with learning disabilities and that 60% of children with neuro-developmental disabilities have a deficit of elementary visuo-spatial perception (EVSP). We had a double objective in this phD. The first one was for fundamental research: to understand more clearly the role that the vision plays in spatial cognition. The second objective was clinical: to understand more clearly the EVSP developmental deficit and its functional consequences in contexts where it is not taken into consideration enough. So, we evaluated the prevalence of EVSP troubles in children with a motor deficit in the context of cerebral palsy. Our results showed that the development of the EVSP was more problematic with brain damage in the context of prematurity than in the context of neonatal lesion. To better understand this phenomenon, we also tested EVSP in children born prematurely without cerebral lesion but with scholar complaints. We found that even without neuro-developmental disabilities, prematurity upgrades the risk of developing EVSP deficit, and particularly hinders length perception. These two studies made us think that EVSP deficit would be linked to cerebral intra-utero development and would be independent of the environment of postnatal maturation of the cortex. But what about the role of the sensory inputs in the development of spatial abilities? The literature has mainly been focused on congenital blindness and its impact on spatial cognition, highlighting that vision appears as a privileged modality in the development of spatial cognition. Few studies have evaluated the impact of partial and progressive visual impairment on spatial perception, tested in the visual or non-visual modality, and on spatial and numerical cognition. We demonstrated an important prevalence of EVSP troubles in visually impaired people with residual vision, more in the population with reduced peripheral visual field than in the population with decreased visual acuity. This finding contrasts with the demonstration that simulating a deficit of peripheral vision with gaze-contingent masking in healthy controls did not impact the EVSP accuracy. Altogether, this put forward that the EVSP deficit in patients with peripheral vision deficit is not linked to the restricted capture of visual information (that can be experimentally stimulated in healthy subjects) but is rather linked to a process of maladaptive plasticity, associated to the chronic lack of sensory input from peripheral vision (a reorganization of cortical visual areas has been demonstrated in neuroimaging for patients with retinitis pigmentosa). We have also found that these patients tend to develop less haptic compensations and to have more difficulties in mental imagery task. While all groups of visually impairment had difficulties in arithmetic, none, except people with congenital blindness, struggled in our non-visual numerical cognition tasks involving pointing toward a mental number line or bimanual magnitude estimation. This highlights the importance of using non-visual media to learn and evaluate the mathematical skills in visually impaired people. Accounting for EVSP deficits is important in the populations studied in this phD because they are at greater risk of learning disabilities and academic failure. Based on these studies, we can think at adapted preventive care and should not wait for academic failure to react
Lorant-Royer, Sonia. "La mémoire "visuo-spatiale" : composante de la mémoire de travail ou mémoire spécifique?" Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20026.
Full textIn spite of many recent works, this "memory" remains badly defined and the terminology is relatively vague. The aim of this study was, first, to identify and characterize the capacity as well as the specificity of the "visuo-spatial memory", and second to examine its architecture. We found that tere are not two sub-systmes functionally independent, one of visual nature and the other one spatial (Baddeley, 1986), but that there are several specialized constituents such as locations/directions, which are integrated and built, within a visuospatial memory (withou hyphen). In order to locate this memory with regard to the various mnemonic processes involved during the treatment of visuospatial information, we introduced the secondary tasks after the memory task (situation of interference). We found the existende of a process of "refreshment" corresponding to the working memory according to Baddeley's theory. Then, for methodological reasons, we did not introduce the secondary tasks during the memory task (paradigm of competition in the conception of the levels of treatment), but before (technique borrowed from the situations of "masking" according to the perceptive theories). Our data indicates that the visuospatial memory is not activated during the early treatment of perceptives types, and that its hypothetical role during the encoding and during the stocking, as described in the theory of levels of treatment, still has to be clarified
Le, Bigot Nathalie Passerault Jean-Michel Olive Thierry. "Élaboration de la représentation visuo-spatiale du texte pendant l'activité rédactionnelle étude du souvenir de la localisation des mots /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Le-Bigot-Nathalie/2008-Le-Bigot-Nathalie-These.pdf.
Full textLe, Bigot Nathalie. "Élaboration de la représentation visuo-spatiale du texte pendant l'activité rédactionnelle : étude du souvenir de la localisation des mots." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Le-Bigot-Nathalie/2008-Le-Bigot-Nathalie-These.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to examine construction of the visual spatial representation of the text during writing. To reach that end, memory for words location in text was measured. Studies were conducted in two phases : in the first phase, participants processed one page long text, and in the second phase participants had to locate some of the words contained in the text. Different conditions of text processing in the first phase were manipulated to measure the impact of such differences on location performances. Three issues were addressed : (1) to show that writers can access visual spatial representation of their text, (2) to analyse the nature of resources involved in the construction of the text representation supporting memory for words location, (3) to examine the kind of information that is involved in the construction of this representation. The main conclusion is that writers construct a visual spatial representation of their text when composing their text
Simon, Sophie. "Contribution à l'étude de la mémoire de travail visuo-spatiale : effets du vieillissement cognitif et de différentes variables expérimentales sur les performances mnésiques de relocalisation spatiale de formes visuelles." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30067.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the functioning and the sturcture of the visuo-spatial working memory. More precisely, we have analysed various processes implied in the object location memory task. We have conducted 7 experiments with normal subjects (young Ss and old Ss) while testing the influence of the following factors : number and type of items, encoding duration and maintenance delay, spatial context, sequential and simulteneous presentation, interference tasks. . . On the re-localisation memory performances. The Postma, Kessels and Van Asselen model (2004) considers that the re-localization of identical items would implicate mainly spatial memory process, whereas the localization of various items would, at the same time, implicate the spatial memory process, the visual memory process and integration process, that would bind spatial information with visual information ("spatial + visual identity"). Our results confirm the Postma et al. (2004) hypotesis and show a mainly influence of the member and the type of items and of the age of the participants on the re-localization performances. These researches underline the necessity of the multi-factors approach in the study of the visuo-spatial working memory in order to question and improve the theoretical models
Trachel, Romain. "Protocoles d'interaction cerveau-machine pour améliorer la performance d'attention visuo-spatiale chez l'homme." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4038/document.
Full textVisuospatial attention is an information selection and processing mechanism whose overt manifestations consist of head or gaze shifts. In anticipation to new information, the focus of attention can also covertly shift to peripheral vision to share attention between two distinct locations: the overt one (center of gaze) and the covert one in periphery. In such a situation, the reaction to a target appearing at the focus of attention is enhanced with respect to targets appearing at unattended locations. This thesis addresses the problem of detecting the location of covert attention by decoding neural activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) before target onset in 3 experiments on healthy subjects. The first experiment uses visuospatial cues that are non-informative about the target location. However, the neural activity reflects that non-informative cues tend to bring the subjects into a state related to alertness, motor preparation or temporal expectation rather than a spatial shift of attention. According to this result, the second experiment uses an ambiguous precueing condition in which the sujet's attention is shifted to spatial locations which bear a non-systematic relation to the information contained in the cues. With these ambiguous cues, we find that the proportion of targets displayed at unattended locations is equivalent to a non-informative condition, and that reaction speed and accuracy are dramatically impacted
Gaëstel, Yann. "Troubles de l'orientation spatiale et troubles visuo-constructifs dans le vieillissement normal et la Maladie d'Alzheimer." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21285.
Full textWe studied impairments in spatial orientation and in visuo-constructive abilities in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Firstly, thanks to experimentations in a human-sized maze we investigated navigation deficits in AD. The patients were impaired in planning and unable to acquire a mental representation of their environment. Consequently, they were impaired in tasks requiring a mental manipulation but they could walk following a guided path. Secondly, we studied visuo-constructive impairments appearing in a cube and a clock drawing. Data were collected among two French population-based cohorts : Paquid and 3 City studies. Results evidence the occurence of some types of errors in non demented patients and some other types occuring more frequently in dementia. Knowing cognitive processes involved in these domains is necessary to develop compensatory strategies
Quentin, Romain. "Influence de la connectivité anatomique sur la modulation de la perception visuelle induite par une activité frontale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066464/document.
Full textWe are unable to see everything. Attention, our ability to filter, select and modulate information, allows us to interact efficiently with the world. We employed a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), to manipulate in humans the activity of a key area of the attentional network, the right Frontal Eye Field (FEF). Our work focuses on the characterization with diffusion MRI of anatomical connections and their role underlying the modulation of visual perception. We first introduce previous behavioral, physiological and anatomical findings and the techniques used in our work. We then present evidence showing an improvement of visual performances tied to activity patterns consisting in either single pulses or frequency-specific rhythmic TMS bursts (30Hz) applied over the right FEF, prior to the onset of a visual target. We also examine whether inter-individual differences in white matter connectivity could influence the modulatory role that the FEF exerts on visual perception. We describe a fronto-tectal pathway connecting the FEF with the superior colliculus and show that the probability of connection between these two sites in the right hemisphere influences the FEF contributions to visual detection. We also characterize the three branches of the superior longitudinal fasciculus connecting frontal and parietal lobes and demonstrate an influence of its first branch in the right hemisphere on visual modulation induced by frequency-specific TMS bursts. Our results suggest a crucial role in the modulation of visual perception of the anatomical connectivity to synchronize areas of a network at a specific frequency
Cavezian, Celine. "L'heminégligence droite dans la schizophrénie : caractéristiques perceptives, attentionnelles, et représentationnelles, et leurs liens avec le cortex pariétal." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00290650.
Full textBetbeder, Nadine. "Trace mnésique visuo-spatiale chez l’homme confronté au temps : naviguer ou trouver une stratégie de déplacement, consolider et se rappeler après un long délai." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13737/document.
Full textWhile the detrimental effects of human aging on cognitive functions are well documented, how normal aging affects spatial memory processing and the organization of recent and long-term memories remains unclear. What are the cognitive strategies used when confronted to spatial navigation in large environments? How are the selection and use of these strategies affected by aging? How are recent and long-term remote memories organized as a function of aging during systems-level consolidation? These are the questions we sought to address during the course of this Ph.D. thesis by developing a series of virtual environments aimed at assessing spatial navigation and memory performance in young adults and aged participants. In a first series of experiments, participants were tested for object location memory in a virtual environment (a medieval castle) that enabled shifts in spatial viewpoints between study and test. Aged participants exhibited poor performance relative to young adults only in the shifted view conditions, thus providing strong evidence for a decline in allocentric, but not egocentric, spatial memory. In contrast to young adults, aged participants exhibited difficulties in processing efficiently distal cues of the environment and were less prone to adopt allocentric strategies. Manipulations of the spatial layout of the environment led us to the conclusion that aging seems to preferentially interfere with the capacity to form or use mental representations built upon all pieces of the environmental features which typically, are never in full view in real world large-scale environments. In a second set of experiments, participants were tested in an ecologically-relevant virtual version of the Morris water maze which mimics that classically used in rodents. Aged participants performed more poorly compared to middle-aged and young adults and formed a more schematic spatial memory. They favoured a directional single cue-based strategy to locate the hidden platform contrasting with young adults who formed complex geometrical relationships between distal cues of the environment. A neuropsychological test battery confirmed that binding of unrelated items and abilities to mentally manipulate information were two processes involved in solving the water maze task. Thus, upon acquisition, aged participants had difficulties in forming experientially detailed cognitive maps and in binding unrelated features of the environment into a cohesive spatial memory, possibly indicative of altered hippocampal-frontal circuitry. We next proceeded to examine the organization of spatial memory as a function of time. Long-term memory assessed 4 weeks after acquisition revealed that performance decreased more rapidly in young adults compared to elderly participants, suggesting that the passage of time differentially affects the content of spatial memory, richly detailed spatial memories being more vulnerable to decay than schematic ones. This concept of memory transformation (i.e. memories are not stored in the cortex in their original form) was supported by findings of a last experiment in which we provide evidence that participants failed in detecting changes in the spatial layout of the pool as memories matured over time. All these findings are discussed in the context of the current debate about the concept of memory consolidation which opposes the standard model of memory consolidation to the multiple trace theory, two views which make different predictions about the contribution of the hippocampus to remote memory storage and retrieval. In light of our own findings, we attempt to propose an integrative view of the functioning of the hippocampal-cortical interface during recent and remote memory retrieval as a function of normal aging
Nicolas, Judith. "On the link between saccadic adaptation and visuospatial attention." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1024/document.
Full textAttention and Saccadic Adaptation (SA) are critical components of visual perception, the former enhancing sensory processing of selected objects, the latter maintaining the eye movements accuracy towards them. Also, a similar dichotomy could be applied to both: voluntary saccades and endogenous attentional shifts follow internal goals while reactive saccades and exogenous shifts are elicited by sudden changes in the environment. Further, their neural substrates partially overlap and they impact each other behaviorally. This PhD work investigates the hypothesis of a functional coupling linking attention and SA in healthy humans. Our experimental contributions all rely on the measurement of attentional performances before and after an exposure to SA (or control). In the first study, we recorded brain magnetic fields to investigate neurophysiological bases of the reactive/exogenous coupling. In the second study, we compared exogenous orienting measured in a Posner-like paradigm before and after reactive SA. Finally, using the same design, the third experiment investigated the voluntary/endogenous modality. We found that SA increased gamma band activity and boosted the orienting of spatial attention. We thus propose that this functional coupling relies on neuronal populations co-activated by both oculomotor plasticity and attention in the Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC). The initial activation would emerge from a dual effect of the cerebellum inhibiting the left PPC and activating the right PPC. This effect would increase the right hemispheric dominance and the leftward attentional bias. This work opens new perspectives for the rehabilitation of visuoattentional deficits
Beau, Chrystelle. "Du Calepin visuo-spatial aux traitements visuo-spatiaux de l'information. Résolution de l'épreuve de Corsi par des patients Alzheimer." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645278.
Full textNys, Marion. "Développement des représentations spatiales d'itinéraires virtuels : composantes cognitives et langagières." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H104/document.
Full textAlthough many studies have investigated spatial representation in young adults, little is still known about the processes underlying how they construct spatial models, the nature of these models, and how they develop in children. The originality of this thesis is two-fold: it studies both cognitive and linguistic processes involved in how children (5 to 11 years) and adults construct representation of virtual routes; it also examines individual differences in these processes. The first part of this thesis begins with a chapter that presents the main concepts underlying spatial cognition, as well as some experimental evidence concerning adults' spatial knowledge and the development of this knowledge during childhood. A second chapter then focuses on the role of language and a third one on the role of working memory in the construction of spatial representations. In order to understand how children construct spatial representation during development, a second part of the thesis presents three experiments investigating the development of landmark and route knowledge. The first two studies show developments in the quality and quantity of knowledge concerning both landmarks (i.e. specific entities encountered along the route) and the route (i.e. the sequential order of actions and landmarks). They also provide evidence supporting the specific role of landmarks associated with changes of direction ("decisional" landmarks) in children and adults. Developmental changes in spatial knowledge were assessed by both verbal and non-verbal measures, suggesting the existence of a unique representation or of two representations that are strongly related. The relation between verbal and non-verbal information in participants' representations is evidenced by their bias toward choosing a related landmark of the same semantic category, regardless of its visual characteristics. Nevertheless, analyses show that visuo-spatial abilities such as the perception of directions, but not verbal abilities, play a main role in accounting for individual differences. The third study, investigates verbal and visuo-spatial components of working memory, using a dual task paradigm in which participants performed a verbal or spatial interference task while memorizing routes. The results support the idea that representing itineraries mostly involves a spatial mode of encoding in children and a more verbal or mixed encoding in adults. To conclude, this thesis shows a development in children's capacity to build spatial representations of virtual routes. Although their representation seems to integrate both verbal and non-verbal components, non-verbal abilities appear to be most essential for children. The last part of the thesis discusses the implications of our results for our understanding of the development of spatial cognition in children, as well as future perspectives and conclusions
Maris, Stéphane. "De la sensation à la perception : l' exemple de la substitution sensorielle visuo-tactile." Paris, CNAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CNAM0517.
Full textTactile Vision substution system, intended originally for the visual deficient persons, allow to perceive objects at distance without contact with them. Three approaches were led. In the first one, we defined some sensory characteristics of the device. We showed that the perception of the spaces of two vertical lines follows a law power. We have to measure a tresholf of spatial discrimination 3. 24 cm. The second approach concerned the visuo-tactile lingual "acuity". We measured at sighed subjects an acuity of 1/43, then after training an acuity of 1/22. Third approach door on the depth percepction. In this experiment the task is to indicate the position and the size of two spheres presented to sighted subjects and congenital blind persons. The first makes a success of the task and not of the seconds, in spite of two massive learnings
Ballaz, Cécile. "Recherche visuelle : intégration des informations visuo-posturales et mnésiques en vision de bas niveau." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE29023.
Full textHartnagel, David. "La perception de l'espace multisensoriel appréhendée par l'étude de la fusion visuo-auditive : les effets de la dissociation des référentiels spatiaux." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/135521491#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFrames of reference dissociation effect on the multisensory space is estimated in a Visual-Auditory (VA) fusion task. Godfroy et al. (2003), showed that there is a symmetrical organization of the VA space relative to the mid sagittal plane. Spatial information is coded differently in visual and auditory sensory systems, eye-centred for vision, head-centred for audition. A first experiment shows a reference frame dissociation effect, VA fusion space is symmetrically organized relative to an intermediary axis inbetween head and eye position when fixation cross is laterally shifted. In a 2nd experiment in total darkness, this effect is also found. Hence, head and eye position for VA information displays need to be accounted for. To bypass this eye position effect, a third experiment investigates allocentric visual cues influence. Again, multisensory space perception still depends on the eye-in-head position. The dissociation of egocentric reference frames effect on VA fusion is robust and regular, visual cues provided by the environment are not so relevant. These results confirm that VA fusion is an integrative phenomenon; it depends on the spatial coding of each sensory modality. VA reference frame seems not to reflect an intermediate stage in a reference frame transformation from head-centred to eye-centred, but rather as electrophysiological data proposed (Snyder, 2005), an idiosyncratic representation of space
Colent, Michel Carine. "Les effets consécutifs cognitifs de l'adaptation prismatique visuo-manuelle : de la pseudonégligence à la négligence." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10238.
Full textWeiss, Deborah. "Perception de l'espace et plasticité cérébrale via un dispositif de suppléance sensorielle visuo-tactile : étude comportementale." Paris, CNAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CNAM0577.
Full textMahé, Gwendoline. "La reconnaissance visuelle des mots chez le dyslexique : implication des voies ventrale et dorsale." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919475.
Full textHartnagel, David Roumes Corinne. "La perception de l'espace multisensoriel appréhendée par l'étude de la fusion visuo-auditive les effets de la dissociation des référentiels spatiaux /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/consult.php?url_these=theses/HartnagelThese.pdf.
Full textDelaux, Alexandre. "Mobile brain imaging to study visuo-spatial perception with ecological paradigms. Applications to healthy aging and visual restoration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS381.pdf.
Full textBased on the observation that the three-dimensional and multisensory nature of the world shapes the functioning of the brain, this doctoral project focused on the study of human cognition through ecological experiments, particularly in the context of visual perception and spatial navigation. Current neuroimaging tools restrict the mobility of participants and thus fail to capture the full complexity of everyday activities. In order to overcome these limitations, this project developed methods to acquire and interpret brain activity under mobile conditions. To this end, recent technological improvements were leveraged to facilitate robust extraction of brain-related signals from electro-encephalography (EEG) recordings during motion. To deepen the interpretation of cortical dynamics by fully exploiting the potential of the improved temporal resolution of EEG, the mobile brain/body imaging approach was adopted, which advocates the co-registration of neural recordings with biometric measures such as body and eye movements. The primary goal of this thesis was to better understand changes in visuo-spatial cognition during healthy aging. Spatial navigation, a ubiquitous skill in everyday life, relies on the integration of multiple sensory inputs, among which vision plays a central role. A major motivation for research on this topic is that aging is associated with a decline in navigational abilities, which affects the autonomy and well-being of older adults and may lead to isolation and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. By adopting an approach that considers more ecological aspects of spatial navigation, the results of this work challenge some established views in the literature on visuo-spatial cognition. They provide novel insights into the dynamic neural mechanisms underlying spatial behavior, and in particular into the scene-selective regions whose activity was modulated by expectations generated by natural environments. By illustrating how a downward gaze bias may interact with an impaired control of attention evident at the cortical level, they shed light on the detrimental effects of visual aging on navigation. Furthermore, this project addressed the potential of mobile neuroimaging tools in the evaluation of visual restoration therapies for retinal diseases while patients performed visuo-spatial tasks relevant to daily activities. The study of neural markers associated with visual recovery promotes an objective assessment of the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. In particular, EEG frequency analysis helped unravel an occipital alpha rhythm typical of natural visual processing induced by a novel optogenetic therapy in a late-stage retinitis pigmentosa patient. These findings may have substantial socio-economic implications given the aging of the global population and the associated increase in the prevalence of visual disorders. The outcomes of this research may be translated into urban planning recommendations to help older adults navigate complex, unfamiliar environments. They can also contribute to the development of more effective visual restoration therapies, ultimately making a significant difference in the daily lives of low vision patients. In conclusion, this doctoral thesis emphasized the importance of ecological experiments for understanding human cognition and perception. By using mobile EEG and innovative paradigms, it contributed to the fields of visuo-spatial cognition, healthy aging, and visual restoration therapies. Its findings may have broader implications for improving the autonomy of older adults and visually impaired patients. This thesis was carried out within a collaborative ecosystem, benefiting from the resources and expertise of the Paris Vision Institute. Cooperation with other research institutions, both national and international, contributed greatly to enrich its methodological approach and broaden the scope of its applications
Caron, Marie-Josée. "Dissociation entre traitement spatial et visuo-perceptif dans l'autisme de haut niveau." Thèse, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/860/1/D1627.pdf.
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