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1
Patat, Dubouis Pascale. "Alliances accidentelles de marques : définition et approche managériale, processus de traitement et effets sur le consommateur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLD052.
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Parfois le consommateur perçoit incidemment un lien entre une publicité et un élément du contexte de cette dernière, par exemple une seconde publicité. Il s’en suit des réactions positives et négatives parfois fortes sur les réseaux sociaux, posant la question de l’impact de ces accidents.L’objectif de notre recherche est de définir ce phénomène, ses conditions de formation et ses conséquences. Nous proposons un cadre théorique intégratif basé sur les effets de contexte, les alliances de marques, la théorie de la Gestalt et la congruence. Nous mettons en place une approche mixte via des entretiens auprès de consommateurs et professionnels, une étude de cas ainsi qu’une expérimentation. Nous pouvons ainsi établir le fait qu’une alliance accidentelle de marque est un processus de prise de conscience par le consommateur de la congruence entre les caractéristiques des publicités et entre les marques, influencé par la pertinence perçue, la relation du consommateur à la marque et les émotions. Nous identifions des effets cognitifs, affectifs et conatifs sur le consommateur. Ils entrainent des répercussions sur l’attention et son attitude par rapport à l’accident, ainsi que sur la marque et l’entrepriseSometimes the consumer incidentally perceives a link between an advertisement and an element of the context of the latter, for example a second advertisement. This may result in sometimes strong positive and negative reactions on social networks, raising the question of the impact of these accidents.The objective of our research is to define this phenomenon, its formation conditions and its consequences. We propose an integrative theoretical framework based on context effects, brand alliances, Gestalt theory and congruence.We are implementing a mixed approach via interviews with consumers and professionals, a case study and an experiment.We can thus establish the fact that an accidental brand alliance is a process of awareness by the consumer of the congruence between the characteristics of the advertisements and between the brands, influenced by the perceived relevance, the relationship of the consumer to the brand and the emotions.We identify cognitive, affective and conative effects on the consumer. They have repercussions on attention and attitude towards the accident, as well as on the brand and the company
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Beasley, Elizabeth Walden. "Perceptions of Middle School Bystanders to Bullying Incidences." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/568.
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Bullying permeates all grade levels in schools. Despite antibullying initiatives implemented in a Midwest school district, bullying continued to occur. One aspect of bullying that is not often examined is the perceptions of bystanders, especially at the middle school level. The purposes of this quantitative survey design study were to examine (a) the frequency and level of bullying by grade level, (b) the relationship between middle school bystanders' willingness to intervene and grade level, and (c) perceptions of bullying interventions and grade level. Latané and Darley's bystander effect theory was the theoretical framework for this study. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used to examine survey data from 548 6th, 7th, and 8th graders who reported being bullied or observed bullying at school. Descriptive statistics results were that the majority of students were bullied occasionally (6th grade 57%, 7th grade 63%, and 8th grade 57%), while a smaller group of students (6th grade 22%, 7th grade 20%, and 8th grade 25%) were bullied every day. Chi square results indicated there was no significant relationship between bystanders' willingness to intervene in bullying situations and their grade level. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between students' perceptions regarding impact of intervening for Grades 6 and 8, but not for Grade 7. It was concluded that, within this particular group, bullying was occurring in unsupervised areas in middle school, and few students were reporting an intent to help a student being bullied, despite their perceptions that intervening would be effective. It is recommended that students receive bystander intervention training that may reduce bullying. This endeavor may contribute to positive social change by providing bystander students with the skills necessary to intervene in incidences of bullying to reduce bullying in schools.
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Waters, Norna Foxcroft. "Exploring perceptions of perinatal nurses towards incident reporting : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27916.
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Patient safety has received greater attention in response to the release of reports estimating a significant number of incidents (adverse events or near misses) occur during inpatient hospital stays. Improving the safety of our health care system requires a greater understanding of the types of incidents and their underlying causes. Nurses are recognized as the discipline most likely to report incidents in practice due to their front line role in patient care. Perinatal nurses are of specific interest as they are well recognized as playing an active role in the identification and reporting of incidents that occur in inpatient perinatal settings.
This descriptive qualitative study explored perinatal nurses’ perceptions about reporting incidents in practice and also identified factors that facilitate or act as barriers towards incident reporting. Data were collected in focus groups (n=16) consisting of perinatal nurses employed on labour and delivery units within one Health Authority in the province of BC. Audiotaped data were transcribed and analyzed using constant comparison. Four main themes and 12 subthemes were identified. The main themes were: nature of incidents, how incidents happen, barriers to incident reporting, and facilitating factors for incident reporting. The subthemes included: descriptions of incidents, determining what qualifies as an incidents, litigation, decision making, dynamics, fatigue, time, reporting tools, unit culture, learning, practice improvement, and professional identity.
The perinatal nurses indicated the types of incidents that occurred in their practice area were unique to their practice setting. They felt these incidents were mostly related to outcomes and were to some degree out of their control. They did not view incidents involving medications as an issue They identified team dynamics as influencing the safety of perinatal units, because poor team dynamics were often associated with negative patient outcomes. Fatigue, lack of time to report incidents, reporting tools and the negative reactions/responses of team members were identified as barriers to incident reporting. Facilitating factors to incident reporting were professional responsibility, learning opportunities created by incident reports, and observing change on their units in response to incident reports. The themes had implications for nursing practice, administration, education, and research.
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Sullivan-Windle, Barbara Anne. "Students' perceptions of factors influencing effective library use." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1993. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36687/1/36687_Sullivan-Windle_1993.pdf.
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This qualitative study was undertaken at the Kelvin Grove Campus Library of
Queensland University of Technology to discover which aspects within the
library hinder students from using it effectively and which aspects help.
Written discourse collected using the Critical Incident Technique and
Photography revealed how students perceived the library itself, and how they
perceived the library staff. It also gave a bonus - an insight into the library's
client, the student.
Many of the issues raised by the respondents were the same as those
discovered in previous studies focusing on students' library use. These
included use of facilities; problems with gaining access to the collection;
availability of information about library services; how students learned to use
the library; and 'library anxiety'.
The data also yielded some interesting and unusual insights, which enabled a
picture to be built up of the student client at the Kelvin Grove Library. It
showed how the library staff made students feel guilty; provided insight into
the stages of development through which university students progress during
their tertiary studies; and showed their progression through a series of stages
in their use of the technology found inside the modern academic library.
The findings point to positive and negative influences within the library which
help or hinder effective use, and by implication, give an understanding of the
way students would like to experience the library. The recommendations
proposed in this study are offered as steps that librarians can take to assist in
achieving a more inviting 'user-friendly' learning environment. Some
recommendations for future research are also offered
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Horton, Gary Scott. "The Impact of College Campus Shooting Incidents| An Exploration of Student Perceptions." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3734048.
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Knowing the perceptions of college students regarding their safety on campus from an active school shooter can be valuable when campus police and security, college safety boards, and other members of the college community are designing policies and emergency plans to protect the college. However, few studies have been conducted to examine perceptions of students regarding fear of a school shooter on a university campus. To address this gap in the literature, this particular study was conducted to specifically inspect the perceptions of students regarding fear of a school shooter on a university campus in Missouri. This study resulted in a record of how the fear of a school shooter is perceived by college students from a variety of viewpoints. A qualitative, grounded theory design was selected for this study and was framed through the perspective of values theory and human and campus ecology theories. Interviews with 25 university students in Missouri were conducted. Data analysis resulted in the emergence of four major themes: (a) contentment, (b) partnership, (c) communication, and (d) maintenance. Overall, students in this study felt a great degree of contentment and desired to reduce their fear of an active shooter by creating a partnership with campus police, communicating better, and rejecting stricter gun laws.
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Bogliotti, Caroline. "Perception catégorielle et perception allophonique : incidences de l'âge, du niveau de lecture et des couplages entre prédispositions phonétiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468920.
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Ce travail avait pour objectif d'évaluer la perception catégorielle de la parole (PC) et les liens qu'elle entretient avec l'apprentissage de la lecture et les difficultés de cet apprentissage. Les études ont porté sur des continua de voisement (VOT) et de lieu d'articulation (transitions de F2 et F3). Trois critères ont été utilisés pour évaluer la PC : la perception catégorielle relative, l'effet de frontière phonémique et la précision catégorielle. Cinq études ont été effectuées, 3 sur le voisement (études 1, 2 et 3), 1 sur le lieu d'articulation (étude 4) et 1 sur voisement et lieu (étude 5). L'étude 1, dans laquelle ont été suivis de 6 à 8 ans des enfants qui étaient non lecteurs à 6 ans, a permis de relever un effet de l'âge et/ou de l'apprentissage de la lecture sur la PC. L'effet du niveau de lecture sur la PC a été également relevé dans l'étude 2, qui a permis de constater que des dyslexiques de 10 ans, comparativement à des normolecteurs de même âge, présentaient un déficit de PC, et plus spécifiquement un mode de perception allophonique. L'étude 3 a en plus mis en relief le fait que le déficit de PC était persistant, étant donné qu'il a été observé chez des dyslexiques relativement âgés (17 ans). Les travaux sur le trait de voisement suggèrent que la perception allophonique résulterait d'un déficit de couplage entre prédispositions phonétiques au cours du développement perceptif. Nous avons confirmé cette hypothèse pour le trait de lieu d'articulation dans l'étude 4, qui a porté sur des adultes. Dans la dernière étude, nous avons proposé à des dyslexiques de 8 à 10 ans des entraînements qui avaient pour objectif de « corriger » leur déficit de perception allophonique. Cette tentative a échoué, ce qui indique que ce déficit est résistant à la remédiation. Ces résultats suggèrent que la perception allophonique serait à l'origine des difficultés de lecture des dyslexiques, ce mode de perception entravant l'établissement des correspondances graphèmes-phonèmes, condition sine qua non de l'apprentissage de la lecture.
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Blust, Katherine Eileen. "Middle School Teachers' Perceptions of Bullying and Their Practices in Reporting Bullying Incidents." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2522.
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Student self-report surveys showed bullying behaviors were problematic among students in one Midwest middle school. Despite implementing a version of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, students continued to self-report bullying behaviors that occurred on school property during school hours. It is crucial that educators are proactive in intervening and preventing bullying to establish a safe environment for academic success. The purpose of this study was to describe teachers' perceptions of bullying behaviors and their practices in reporting bullying incidents. Bandura's social learning and Locke's social contract theories served as the study's framework. Teachers were asked to describe behaviors they perceived as bullying and their practices in reporting bullying incidents. A qualitative, bounded, descriptive case study was used to collect interview data from 12 purposefully selected classroom teachers who were tasked with bullying intervention and prevention. Thematic analysis using the lean, open coding strategy was used to analyze the data. Teachers reported observing physical, verbal, and cyber bullying behaviors, credited their bullying knowledge to schoolwide professional development (PD), and believed they recognized bullying behaviors when incidents occurred. Teachers also reported bullying incidents to the principal and to parents if they had a positive relationship with them. Based on these findings, a 4-day PD was designed for teachers to collaboratively develop uniform practices in reporting bullying incidents to parents or guardians. These endeavors may contribute to positive social change by equipping teachers with procedures in reporting bullying incidents; thus, reducing bullying, improving the learning environment, and creating a safer school culture for teachers and students.
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Spalding, Robert Stanley Sturgeon James I. "Businessmen's risk perception in China following the 1999 Chinese Embassy bombing and the 2001 EP-3 incident." Diss., UMK access, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics and Dept. of Mathematics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006."A dissertation in economics and mathematics." Advisor: James I. Sturgeon. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Dec. 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-203). Online version of the print edition.
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Morakabati, Y. "Tourism, travel risk and travel risk perceptions : a study of travel risk perceptions and the effects of incidents on tourism." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2007. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10501/.
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When major incidents occur, whether in the form of natural disasters (for example, Tsunamis, hurricanes) or man-made incidents (such as acts of terrorism or war), there is an impact on travel flows and patterns. These impacts can be in the form of the volume of tourists that flow to a particular area, the characteristics of those tourists and/or the expenditure they make whilst there. The time required for destinations to recover from such incidents and the loss of tourism receipts depends upon a variety of factors such as the nature of the incident, the response of the destination to the incident and the impact that such events have on the travel risk perceptions of tourists. The purpose of this research is to examine the nature,magnitude and direct impacts of a selection of incidents and the time recovery period. Case studies of high profile events such as those that occurred in Egypt, Indonesia, Kenya, Spain, the UK and the USA have been selected because of the relative importance of the events and, to include a broad range of destination types. The incidents that have occurred will be examined through secondary data drawing heavily on related journal articles and the analyses of data that are published by the UNWTO, the World Bank and the relevant national governments. The literature analyses will look at the research that academics have undertaken when looking at specific incidents that occurred in the case study areas and in terms of their effects on tourism in general and to the areas involved. Data from published statistics will be used to examine tourist arrival trends prior to the incidents, immediately following. the incidents and the time period needed for the level of tourism activity to be restored to where it was likely to have been if the incident had not happened. Although the incidents are examined as individual case studies the analyses will also take a chronological approach to examine whether the impacts of major incidents diminishes with exposure to such events. That is, did the earlier terrorist attacks have a greater impact because of their novelty and therefore enhanced shock effect compared with later events even though the latter may have been of greater magnitude? The secondary analyses will also examine aspects such as whether there is a difference in impact if the incidents are specifically targeted at tourists in general rather than tourists of a particular nationality. Whenever events occur they may influence the perception of travellers in terms of the potential risks they face, related risks and how they may impact on the travel decisions of tourists, particularly non-business or discretionary tourists. There is a variety of risks that may influence the travel decisions of tourists including those relating to physical harm, financial loss and also the risk of dissatisfaction from their travel experience. The different types of risks that may influence travel decisions will be examined together with demographic characteristics of the travellers in order to explore whether there are differences in risk averseness between travellers from different countries of origin, age groups, gender, education and occupation. This aspect of the analysis will be driven by primary data analysis in the form of a questionnaire (physical and on-line) that uses both quantitative and qualitative instruments to determine travellers' travel-related risk perceptions and identify regions and countries that are felt to be high risk destinations by type of risk. The perceived risks will also be compared with actual risks as identified by insurance company claims data. Although limited in scope, this aspect of analysis will seek to identify whether travel-related risk perceptions mirror actual risks or whether they are driven by other factors such as media coverage of events. Using the man-made risks as the identifier, the regional aspects of travel-related risk will then be focused to one region of the planet in particular. This region is the Middle East plus some selected countries that share the same issues in relation to tourism development. Countries in this area have been beset by man-made incidents that have deterred the development of tourism in spite of the attractiveness of the region in terms of climate, heritage and culture. A comparative analysis is undertaken to look for commonalities and factors that explain the lack of tourism development in some countries. Using the findings from the secondary and primary data analyses the potential future of the region in general and Iran in particular will be examined using the Delphi technique by drawing upon the collective wisdom of some experts in tourism who have an understanding of tourism development in difficult political areas. Finally the research will attempt to pull all of these strands together to see if there are any identifiable guidelines that may help our understanding of travel related risks and whether there are any lessons that can be learned to inform the policy makers in troubled areas.
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Simms-Pilgrim, Chunita. "Urban Elementary General Teachers' Perceptions of the Inclusion of Students with High-Incidence Disabilities." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13810786.
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The rate of the inclusion of students with high-incidence disabilities in general education classrooms are increasing across the nation. The perceptions of general education teachers on this inclusion have limited revelation within research. More specifically, the perceptions of urban elementary general education teachers on the inclusion of students with high- incidence disabilities is limited. Three significant problems contributed to the need of this dissertation research. The first problem is the limited research used to explore this concept. Most of the literature include methods that have been quantitative studies, which provides a range of responses with little depth to understand the perceptions of teachers. The second problem is the samples that are included in such studies. Samples often include teachers without differentiating between what kinds of teachers (high school, middle school, elementary school, etc.). These samples would provide little depth to understand the perceptions of how participants really feel about the inclusion of students with high-incidence disabilities in their classrooms. The third problem is the targeted population of teachers that are included in studies. Urban, rural and suburban school districts all have different needs and issues. There is limited research that differentiate between the areas of schools and its impact on the perceptions of teachers in these school districts.
The results of a basic qualitative study surrounding the perceptions of urban elementary general education teachers on the inclusion of students with high-incidence disabilities is presented. Twenty urban elementary general education teachers of students with high-incidence disabilities in the general education classroom setting from one school district in the mid-Atlantic region were interviewed to evaluate the perceptions of the inclusion of students with high-incidence disabilities in the general education classroom with their non-disabled peers.
The purposes of this study were to be able: 1) to investigate urban general education teachers’ perceptions and beliefs about the inclusion of students with high-incidence disabilities in their classrooms with their non-disabled peers; 2) to give these teachers an opportunity to share their perceptions on the supports received to meet the demands and challenges of their profession; and 3) to provide recommendations for policies and practices for the inclusion of students with high-incidence disabilities in general education classrooms that can contribute to the preparation and professional development for general education teachers.
The results of the interviews with study participants are outlined in this study. Themes answering three research questions were: described, defined, and supported using quotations from study participants to ensure that themes were grounded in the data. Eight themes emerged from the data that answered three research questions. These themes are: 1) “It was a disservice;” 2) being “set up” for failure both academically and socially; 3) impact of behavior; 4) issues of being stranded; 5) feeling inadequate; 6) reluctant acceptance; 7) flaws in identifying students who need help; and 8) issues of support. Two additional themes emerged from the data that did not answer a research question, but became salient across all participants. These theme addressed the issues and influence of race and socioeconomic status and its influence on perceptions. These two themes are 9) impact of socioeconomic status and privilege, and 10) impact of race. Findings are revealed and discussed. Recommendations for practice, policy, and future research are provided.
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Baileygain, Amber N. "School Personnel Perceptions of Safety and Their Abilities to Respond to Active Intruder Incidents." Thesis, McKendree University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10812167.
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The purpose of this study was to determine school personnel’s perceptions of safety in their school building as well as determine their confidence in their abilities to respond to an active intruder incident. The participants of this study were school personnel from a suburban, Southwestern Illinois PreK-12 school district. The study captured perceptions of safety and school procedures within the district’s nine buildings. The sample of participants were obtained through purposeful and convenience sampling. The participants were then assigned into five categories of participants, purposely identified: Administration, Teachers/Faculty, Support Staff (e.g., paraprofessional, aides, secretaries), Other Staff (e.g., custodians, café workers, bus drivers, monitors), and Substitutes (for all positions). In addition, the school’s current documented policy on school safety and active intruder response procedures was reviewed. The qualitative design of this study included interviews and document analysis. The study was a phenomenological study with triangulation that included research questions addressing school personnel perceptions of safety and their preparedness in the event of an active intruder situation, comparing these responses among the identified categories, and identifying the type of active intruder training provided to school personnel. The seven themes that emerged from the interviews were limited safeguards, sense of safety, training, response issues, supplies and equipment, handbook awareness, and improvements. Additional research is needed to determine if other schools in Illinois require improvements in their active intruder response plans, procedures, and provided training.
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Sousa, Francisco Formiga de. "Análise dos fatores de riscos e comportamentos inseguros na constituição de incidentes e acidentes de trabalho." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8132.
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Over the past decades, alternative views to the traditional approach of occupational accidents have emerged, fact that expands the perimeter of analyzes and paves the way to questioning about the assumptions concerning concepts of security in the work environment. Therefore, this study aims to describe the relationship of risk factors and unsafe behavior in the constitution of incidents and accidents at work, during the period of 2012-2014 in the production sector of a food factory in the state of Paraíba. The obtained results, by means of mathematical modeling based on Multiple Linear Regression Models, showed that occupational accidents and incidents are explained by a coefficient of determination of 63,55%, by the risk factors and the unsafe behaviors caused by workers. However, when analyzing the correlation between unsafe behaviors due to the risk factors, it was obtained a coefficient of determination of 38% characterized as a low correlation among the observed variables; such fact is enhanced by the perception of workers, analyzed by Hypothesis Test for Proportion with α = 5% (significance level), which identified that only two risk factors – environment temperature and discomfort when using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – have a strong association with the unsafe behaviors of removing the arms protectors, gloves and face shield during operational activities. In spite of that, it was found that there is a strong association between these two risk factors, which allowed significant conclusions.
Nas últimas décadas, surgiram visões alternativas à abordagem tradicional de acidentes de trabalho, fato que amplia o perímetro das análises e abre caminho para questionamentos acerca dos pressupostos relativos às concepções de segurança nos ambientes de trabalho. Portanto, este trabalho tem, como objetivo, descrever a relação dos fatores de riscos e comportamentos inseguros na constituição dos incidentes e acidentes de trabalho no período de 2012 a 2014 no setor de produção de uma fábrica de alimentos localizada no estado da Paraíba. Os resultados obtidos, através de modelagem matemática baseada em Modelos de Regressão Linear Múltipla, mostraram que os acidentes e incidentes de trabalho são explicados através de um coeficiente de determinação de 63,55%, pelos fatores de risco e pelos comportamentos inseguros provocados pelos trabalhadores. Entretanto, ao analisar a correlação entre os comportamentos inseguros em função dos fatores de risco, obteve-se um coeficiente de determinação de 38%, caracterizada como uma baixa correlação entre as variáveis observadas; tal fato é reforçado pela percepção dos trabalhadores, analisada através de Teste de Hipótese para Proporção com α = 5% (nível de significância), a qual possibilitou identificar que apenas dois fatores de risco – temperatura do ambiente e desconforto na utilização dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI) – têm uma forte associação com os comportamentos inseguros de retirar o mangote para proteção de braços, as luvas e o protetor facial durante as atividades operacionais, entretanto, constatou-se que há uma forte associação entres esses dois fatores de risco, o que permitiu conclusões significativas.
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Ferreira, Hugo Cézar Palhares. "Efeito da carga perceptiva e cognitiva na conjunção incidental em tarefas visuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-18012017-140702/.
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O processo de integração de informações na memória pode acontecer de forma incidental, em que informações não relevantes para os objetivos de uma tarefa de memorização são conjugadas. Nosso trabalho buscou relacionar os efeitos da conjunção incidental dentro do armazenador visuoespacial e a possível interferência da carga perceptiva e cognitiva. No Capítulo 1 buscamos identificar como ocorre a conjunção incidental entre forma e cor (Exp1) e como a carga perceptiva pode influenciar nesta conjunção (Exp2). Os resultados do Exp1 mostram que cor e forma são conjugadas de forma incidental e assimétrica, em que a cor interfere no reconhecimento da forma, mas a forma não interfere no reconhecimento da cor. O Exp2 demonstra que a alta carga perceptiva não afeta a conjunção incidental, sugerindo que é um processo automático. No Capítulo 2 buscamos identificar a conjunção incidental de cor e localização e como a similaridade e a carga cognitiva podem afetar sua ocorrência. No terceiro experimento (Exp3) procuramos identificar as características da conjunção incidental da informação visual e espacial em uma tarefa de reconhecimento, no quarto experimento (Exp4) avaliamos o efeito da similaridade da informação visual na memorização de cores, e no quinto experimento (Exp5) avaliamos o efeito da carga cognitiva na memorização através de uma tarefa secundária atencional. Os resultados do Exp3 mostram que cor e localização são conjugadas de forma incidental e assimétrica, em que a localização interfere no reconhecimento da cor, mas a cor não interfere no reconhecimento da localização. O Exp4 demonstra que a conjunção incidental da localização e da cor é mais acentuada nas provas com similaridade alta e que a carga cognitiva tem um efeito semelhante ao da similaridade, aumentando o efeito da conjunção incidental (Exp5). Os dados apontam que a conjunção incidental de forma e localização é passível de interferência durante sua codificação.The memory binding information process can happen incidentally, so that irrelevant information to the objectives of a memory task are associated with the relevant to it. Our study aimed to find the effects of incidental conjunction in the visuospatial store and the possible interference of the perceptual and cognitive load in this process. In Chapter 1, we intended to identify how does work the incidental binding of shape and color (Exp1) and how the perceptual load can influence this conjunction (Exp2). Results of Exp1 show that color and shape are conjugated in an incidental and asymmetric way, wherein color interferes in shape recognition, but shape does not interfere in color recognition. Results of Exp2 show that high perceptual load does not affect the incidental binding, suggesting that it is an automatic process. In Chapter 2 we intended to identify how does work the incidental binding of color and spatial location and how the similarity and the cognitive load may affect this occurrence. In the third experiment (Exp3), we tried to identify the features of incidental binding between visual and spatial information on a reconnaissance task. In the fourth experiment (Exp4), we evaluated the effect of similarity of visual information in the color memorization. In the fifth experiment (Exp5), we evaluated the effect of cognitive load on memorization through a secondary attentional task. Results of Exp1 show that color and location are conjugated in an incidental and asymmetric way, wherein location interferes in color recognition, but color does not interfere in location recognition. The Exp4 show that the incidental binding of location and color is more evident in tasks with high similarity and the cognitive load has a similar effect to the similarity, increasing the occurrence of incidental binding (Exp5). The data indicate that incidental binding of form and location is subject to interference during its codification.
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Nam, Doohee. "Econometric analysis of highway incident duration, public perceptions and information for advanced traveler information systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10172.
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Walz, Jerald H. "The Faculty Perceptions of Academic Freedom at Christian Colleges and Universities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78622.
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Academic freedom is a much-discussed topic in the literature. However, little empirical research has been performed that describes the faculty perceptions of academic freedom at Christian colleges and universities, a unique segment of institutions within US higher education. Specifically, little recent research has shown how faculty members at Christian colleges and universities define academic freedom, how they describe experiences where they encountered issues of academic freedom, and how they navigate the interaction between academic freedom and institutional religious doctrines (as found in official statements of faith). The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze how faculty members at Christian colleges and university perceive academic freedom. For this qualitative study, I employed the Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954) to collect data from full-time faculty members of Christian institutions. I present the findings discovered through this study, discuss their ramifications, offer recommendations, and draw conclusions.Ph. D.
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Guillonneau-Bonan, Isabelle. "La perception visuelle de la verticalité après accident vasculaire cérébral : rôle du référentiel visuel : incidence sur l'équilibre." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066274.
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Arora, Catharine Maria Jacoba. "A longitudinal survey of secondary school pupils' perceptions of the definition, incidence and processes of bullying." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264441.
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Hurley, Cynthia Tallis. "Middle School Principals' Responses to Bullying: Comparing School Bullying Incidents and Their Perceived Seriousness." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242400.
Full textAbstract:
Research on principals' perceptions and responses to school bullying is scarce. This study investigated the perceptions of seven middle school principals and their responses to six hypothetical vignettes depicting incidents of physical, verbal, or relational bullying. During interviews, respondents were asked to rate the seriousness of each incident and describe how they would respond. Respondents rated all the incidents, regardless of the form of bullying, as moderately serious, serious, or very serious. When asked to describe how they would respond to incidents, all responded they would take action (e.g., consequences for the instigator, interventions to change the behavior of the instigator, support for the target). State statute on bullying, school anti-bullying policies, past experience with bullying, and a belief that students deserve to feel safe were key to guiding their responses. The principals recognized that bullying occurred on their campuses but indicated that incidents were minimized as a result of their strong school anti-bullying polices and a belief that no form of bullying was to be tolerated on their campuses.
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Wells, Brian S. "Caregiver Perception and the Role of Seasonality in Under-five Childhood Diarrhea Incidence in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7380.
Full textAbstract:
Diarrheal disease has long been known to be a burden to children worldwide. Although child mortality rates as a result of diarrhea have decreased over the past two decades, overall diarrhea incidence has remained relatively stable. In Cambodia, diarrhea was the third most prevalent outpatient diagnosis for children under five in 2012, with a reported incidence rate of 12 per 100 children, up from 7 per 100 children in 2008 (Ministry of Planning Cambodia, 2012). Cambodia is an agricultural country with 80% of the population living in rural areas (National Institute of Statistics Ministry of Planning, 2013). Many are also poor, with 20.5% of the population living at or below the poverty line (Sobrado et al., 2014). As a result, a large portion of the population is vulnerable to changing climate patterns and seasonal rainfalls. These patterns have been shown to have an effect on the incidence of diarrhea in regions throughout the world.
This research evaluated the relationship between seasonality and the incidence of diarrheal disease in children under five years old in the Rumduol district, Svay Rieng province of Cambodia. Using monthly under-five diarrhea data from a local health center and meteorological data from the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MoWRAM), Spearman’s Correlation was used to find associations between monthly rainfall, heavy rainfall (defined by the 90th percentile), maximum average monthly temperature, and minimum average monthly temperature. Additionally, household surveys, interviews, and observations were used to understand how seasonal behavior, age/gender, household practices, and caregiver perception of the disease affect decisions surrounding diagnosis and treatment of childhood diarrhea throughout the year. Based on the results of the analysis, the number of heavy rainfall days had a weak negative association with monthly under-five diarrhea incidence in the initial month and following month, referred to as lag 0 and lag 1 (rs(96) = -.216, p = .035 and rs(95) = -.219, p = .033). Minimum average monthly temperature was also shown to have weak negative association with monthly under-five diarrhea incidence at lag 0 and lag 1 (rs(96) = -.208, p = .042 and rs(95) = -.212, p = .039). The negative correlation between heavy rainfall and under-five diarrhea indicates that heavy rain can have a washing effect on the environment at lag 0 and lag 1 months. Higher diarrhea incidence in the cooler months suggest a possible link to rotavirus, however more research must be done to make confirm this. Monthly rainfall was seen to have a positive association with diarrhea within the lag 3 and lag 4 months (rs(93) = .250, p = .015; rs(92) = .222, p = .034). This indicates that increased rainfall could have a delayed effect on diarrhea by three or four months. Maximum temperature did not have statistically significant results. These results show that heavy rainfall and minimum temperature likely play role in under-five child diarrhea in the study area at shorter lags times, while monthly rainfall has a greater effect at longer lag times.
Results of survey and interview data showed participants had sufficient knowledge on personal and food hygiene practices but often practiced improper environmental hygiene behavior, especially as it related to the handling of child and animal feces. Additionally, there were statistically significant results when looking at the relationship between environmental hygiene knowledge and practice and households where mothers migrate for work. Households with migrant mothers was common within the study area, with 51.9% of households having a mother who was currently working away from home or had plans to return to work soon. More data is needed to further investigate this relationship; however, this result suggests that hygiene knowledge and practice could suffer in households where the mother is absent, as added burden is placed on grandmothers to do domestic and childcare work.
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Powell, Colin. "Risk perception and safety practices : the implications for safety initiatives and incident prevention in an outdoor adventure activity." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/5077.
Full textAbstract:
Participation in outdoor adventure activities can result in injuries, medical conditions and fatalities. Whilst risk is present in outdoor adventure, the literature indicates that engagement with risk is often desired and results in valued outcomes. The way in which risk is perceived and responded to has been described as being linked to a range of socio-psychological variables. These variables may act as a filter to messages that are designed to promote safety and reduce incidents. This thesis proposes that an understanding of participants’ knowledge, beliefs, and experience and the meaning of an activity to them, can support the development of approaches to the promotion of safety that have contextual relevance. Using participant centred methods, this research aimed to generate recommendations to inform the development of safety initiatives and incident prevention strategies associated with an outdoor adventure activity. Kayaking in the sea environment was used as a case study. Questionnaires administered to individuals who use kayaks in the sea, identified a range of health impacts, perceived cause and safety practices. Variation in response was noted according to the type of kayak used, activities undertaken and characteristics of respondents. These findings, together with the results of an observational study and issues identified in the review of the literature, were used to generate themes to be explored in semi-structured interviews with interviewees who used different types of kayaks and varied in experience and immersion in the activity. The interviews identified a range of motives for participation and illuminated the meaning of risk to participants. Socio-psychological factors influencing both their own and others perception, assessment and response to risk were described. The interviewees proposed measures to enhance safety; these focused upon education, training, planning and preparation. The quantitative and qualitative findings were utilised to generate specific recommendations that could inform safety initiatives and incident prevention strategies linked to kayaking. Broad themes identified in the recommendations were regarded as being of relevance to other voluntary risk taking activities. It is concluded that there is a need to recognise that there are different reasons for engaging with risk and that within a broad activity, there are likely to be differential experiences of risk. On the basis of this, it is proposed that a generic approach to the management of risk may be inappropriate; it is advocated that there is a need to target safety initiatives and incident prevention strategies at particular subgroups of participants and for safety guidance to be context specific.
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Lyman, Kerri. "Relationship Between Post-resuscitation Debriefings and Perceptions of Teamwork in Emergency Department Nurses." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7693.
Full textAbstract:
Emergency department nurses are faced with traumatic patient events while functioning as members of multidisciplinary teams. Critical incident debriefing has been shown to benefit health care professionals and patient clinical outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the use of formal post-resuscitation debriefings and perceptions of teamwork in emergency department nurses. The study also addressed the type and timing of debriefing to determine whether these factors impacted perceptions of teamwork. The nurse as wounded healer theory served as the theoretical framework. Data from the Nursing Teamwork Survey were collected from 68 emergency department nurses from across the United States. Data were analyzed using a statistical correlation coefficient. Results showed that when debriefings were done more frequently, were conducted using a formal debriefing method, and were held immediately after a situation, there was a positive correlation with higher levels of trust, team orientation, backup, shared mental model, and leadership. Findings may be used to increase utilization of debriefings and improve perceptions of teamwork among emergency department nurses, which may improve patient outcomes.
22
Stavrou, Eftyhia P. "Vision, functional and cognitive determinants of motor vehicle incidents in older drivers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/28503/1/Efty_Stavrou_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The proportion of older individuals in the driving population is predicted to increase in the next 50 years. This has important implications for driving safety as abilities which are important for safe driving, such as vision (which accounts for the majority of the sensory input required for driving), processing ability and cognition have been shown to decline with age. The current methods employed for screening older drivers upon re-licensure are also vision based. This study, which investigated social, behavioural and professional aspects involved with older drivers, aimed to determine:
(i) if the current visual standards in place for testing upon re-licensure are effective in reducing the older driver fatality rate in Australia;
(ii) if the recommended visual standards are actually implemented as part of the testing procedures by Australian optometrists; and
(iii) if there are other non-standardised tests which may be better at predicting the on-road incident-risk (including near misses and minor incidents) in older drivers than those tests recommended in the standards.
Methods: For the first phase of the study, state-based age- and gender-stratified numbers of older driver fatalities for 2000-2003 were obtained from the Australian Transportation Safety Bureau database. Poisson regression analyses of fatality rates were considered by renewal frequency and jurisdiction (as separate models), adjusting for possible confounding variables of age, gender and year.
For the second phase, all practising optometrists in Australia were surveyed on the vision tests they conduct in consultations relating to driving and their knowledge of vision requirements for older drivers.
Finally, for the third phase of the study to investigate determinants of on-road incident risk, a stratified random sample of 600 Brisbane residents aged 60 years and were selected and invited to participate using an introductory letter explaining the project requirements. In order to capture the number and type of road incidents which occurred for each participant over 12 months (including near misses and minor incidents), an important component of the prospective research study was the development and validation of a driving diary. The diary was a tool in which incidents that occurred could be logged at that time (or very close in time to which they occurred) and thus, in comparison with relying on participant memory over time, recall bias of incident occurrence was minimised. Association between all visual tests, cognition and scores obtained for non-standard functional tests with retrospective and prospective incident occurrence was investigated.
Results: In the first phase,rivers aged 60-69 years had a 33% lower fatality risk (Rate Ratio [RR] = 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.77) in states with vision testing upon re-licensure compared with states with no vision testing upon re-licensure, however, because the CIs are wide, crossing 1.00, this result should be regarded with caution. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older (RR=1.17, CI 0.64-2.13) did not differ between states with and without license renewal procedures, indicating no apparent benefit in vision testing legislation.
For the second phase of the study, nearly all optometrists measured visual acuity (VA) as part of a vision assessment for re-licensing, however, 20% of optometrists did not perform any visual field (VF) testing and only 20% routinely performed automated VF on older drivers, despite the standards for licensing advocating automated VF as part of the vision standard. This demonstrates the need for more effective communication between the policy makers and those responsible for carrying out the standards. It may also indicate that the overall higher driver fatality rate in jurisdictions with vision testing requirements is resultant as the tests recommended by the standards are only partially being conducted by optometrists. Hence a standardised protocol for the screening of older drivers for re-licensure across the nation must be established.
The opinions of Australian optometrists with regard to the responsibility of reporting older drivers who fail to meet the licensing standards highlighted the conflict between maintaining patient confidentiality or upholding public safety. Mandatory reporting requirements of those drivers who fail to reach the standards necessary for driving would minimise potential conflict between the patient and their practitioner, and help maintain patient trust and goodwill.
The final phase of the PhD program investigated the efficacy of vision, functional and cognitive tests to discriminate between at-risk and safe older drivers. Nearly 80% of the participants experienced an incident of some form over the prospective 12 months, with the total incident rate being 4.65/10 000 km. Sixty-three percent reported having a near miss and 28% had a minor incident.
The results from the prospective diary study indicate that the current vision screening tests (VA and VF) used for re-licensure do not accurately predict older drivers who are at increased odds of having an on-road incident. However, the variation in visual measurements of the cohort was narrow, also affecting the results seen with the visual functon questionnaires. Hence a larger cohort with greater variability should be considered for a future study. A slightly lower cognitive level (as measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) did show an association with incident involvement as did slower reaction time (RT), however the Useful-Field-of-View (UFOV) provided the most compelling results of the study. Cut-off values of UFOV processing (>23.3ms), divided attention (>113ms), selective attention (>258ms) and overall score (moderate/ high/ very high risk) were effective in determining older drivers at increased odds of having any on-road incident and the occurrence of minor incidents.
Discussion:
The results have shown that for the 60-69 year age-group, there is a potential benefit in testing vision upon licence renewal. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older indicated no benefit in vision testing legislation and suggests a need for inclusion of screening tests which better predict on-road incidents.
Although VA is routinely performed by Australian optometrists on older drivers renewing their licence, VF is not. Therefore there is a need for a protocol to be developed and administered which would result in standardised methods conducted throughout the nation for the screening of older drivers upon re-licensure. Communication between the community, policy makers and those conducting the protocol should be maximised. By implementing a standardised screening protocol which incorporates a level of mandatory reporting by the practitioner, the ethical dilemma of breaching patient confidentiality would also be resolved.
The tests which should be included in this screening protocol, however, cannot solely be ones which have been implemented in the past. In this investigation, RT, MMSE and UFOV were shown to be better determinants of on-road incidents in older drivers than VA and VF, however, as previously mentioned, there was a lack of variability in visual status within the cohort. Nevertheless, it is the recommendation from this investigation, that subject to appropriate sensitivity and specificity being demonstrated in the future using a cohort with wider variation in vision, functional performance and cognition, these tests of cognition and information processing should be added to the current protocol for the screening of older drivers which may be conducted at licensing centres across the nation.
23
Stavrou, Eftyhia P. "Vision, functional and cognitive determinants of motor vehicle incidents in older drivers." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28503/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The proportion of older individuals in the driving population is predicted to increase in the next 50 years. This has important implications for driving safety as abilities which are important for safe driving, such as vision (which accounts for the majority of the sensory input required for driving), processing ability and cognition have been shown to decline with age. The current methods employed for screening older drivers upon re-licensure are also vision based. This study, which investigated social, behavioural and professional aspects involved with older drivers, aimed to determine:
(i) if the current visual standards in place for testing upon re-licensure are effective in reducing the older driver fatality rate in Australia;
(ii) if the recommended visual standards are actually implemented as part of the testing procedures by Australian optometrists; and
(iii) if there are other non-standardised tests which may be better at predicting the on-road incident-risk (including near misses and minor incidents) in older drivers than those tests recommended in the standards.
Methods: For the first phase of the study, state-based age- and gender-stratified numbers of older driver fatalities for 2000-2003 were obtained from the Australian Transportation Safety Bureau database. Poisson regression analyses of fatality rates were considered by renewal frequency and jurisdiction (as separate models), adjusting for possible confounding variables of age, gender and year.
For the second phase, all practising optometrists in Australia were surveyed on the vision tests they conduct in consultations relating to driving and their knowledge of vision requirements for older drivers.
Finally, for the third phase of the study to investigate determinants of on-road incident risk, a stratified random sample of 600 Brisbane residents aged 60 years and were selected and invited to participate using an introductory letter explaining the project requirements. In order to capture the number and type of road incidents which occurred for each participant over 12 months (including near misses and minor incidents), an important component of the prospective research study was the development and validation of a driving diary. The diary was a tool in which incidents that occurred could be logged at that time (or very close in time to which they occurred) and thus, in comparison with relying on participant memory over time, recall bias of incident occurrence was minimised. Association between all visual tests, cognition and scores obtained for non-standard functional tests with retrospective and prospective incident occurrence was investigated.
Results: In the first phase,rivers aged 60-69 years had a 33% lower fatality risk (Rate Ratio [RR] = 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.77) in states with vision testing upon re-licensure compared with states with no vision testing upon re-licensure, however, because the CIs are wide, crossing 1.00, this result should be regarded with caution. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older (RR=1.17, CI 0.64-2.13) did not differ between states with and without license renewal procedures, indicating no apparent benefit in vision testing legislation.
For the second phase of the study, nearly all optometrists measured visual acuity (VA) as part of a vision assessment for re-licensing, however, 20% of optometrists did not perform any visual field (VF) testing and only 20% routinely performed automated VF on older drivers, despite the standards for licensing advocating automated VF as part of the vision standard. This demonstrates the need for more effective communication between the policy makers and those responsible for carrying out the standards. It may also indicate that the overall higher driver fatality rate in jurisdictions with vision testing requirements is resultant as the tests recommended by the standards are only partially being conducted by optometrists. Hence a standardised protocol for the screening of older drivers for re-licensure across the nation must be established.
The opinions of Australian optometrists with regard to the responsibility of reporting older drivers who fail to meet the licensing standards highlighted the conflict between maintaining patient confidentiality or upholding public safety. Mandatory reporting requirements of those drivers who fail to reach the standards necessary for driving would minimise potential conflict between the patient and their practitioner, and help maintain patient trust and goodwill.
The final phase of the PhD program investigated the efficacy of vision, functional and cognitive tests to discriminate between at-risk and safe older drivers. Nearly 80% of the participants experienced an incident of some form over the prospective 12 months, with the total incident rate being 4.65/10 000 km. Sixty-three percent reported having a near miss and 28% had a minor incident.
The results from the prospective diary study indicate that the current vision screening tests (VA and VF) used for re-licensure do not accurately predict older drivers who are at increased odds of having an on-road incident. However, the variation in visual measurements of the cohort was narrow, also affecting the results seen with the visual functon questionnaires. Hence a larger cohort with greater variability should be considered for a future study. A slightly lower cognitive level (as measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) did show an association with incident involvement as did slower reaction time (RT), however the Useful-Field-of-View (UFOV) provided the most compelling results of the study. Cut-off values of UFOV processing (>23.3ms), divided attention (>113ms), selective attention (>258ms) and overall score (moderate/ high/ very high risk) were effective in determining older drivers at increased odds of having any on-road incident and the occurrence of minor incidents.
Discussion:
The results have shown that for the 60-69 year age-group, there is a potential benefit in testing vision upon licence renewal. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older indicated no benefit in vision testing legislation and suggests a need for inclusion of screening tests which better predict on-road incidents.
Although VA is routinely performed by Australian optometrists on older drivers renewing their licence, VF is not. Therefore there is a need for a protocol to be developed and administered which would result in standardised methods conducted throughout the nation for the screening of older drivers upon re-licensure. Communication between the community, policy makers and those conducting the protocol should be maximised. By implementing a standardised screening protocol which incorporates a level of mandatory reporting by the practitioner, the ethical dilemma of breaching patient confidentiality would also be resolved.
The tests which should be included in this screening protocol, however, cannot solely be ones which have been implemented in the past. In this investigation, RT, MMSE and UFOV were shown to be better determinants of on-road incidents in older drivers than VA and VF, however, as previously mentioned, there was a lack of variability in visual status within the cohort. Nevertheless, it is the recommendation from this investigation, that subject to appropriate sensitivity and specificity being demonstrated in the future using a cohort with wider variation in vision, functional performance and cognition, these tests of cognition and information processing should be added to the current protocol for the screening of older drivers which may be conducted at licensing centres across the nation.
24
Boussaada, Rachid. "Le temps social dans la culture algérienne et ses incidences quant aux transformations." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H070.
Full textAbstract:
Les sociétés en procès de développement souffrent de l'organisation du temps. Leur problème n'est pas une simple mobilisation des ressources humaines et techniques et un engagement dans la bataille économique. Il relève plutôt d'une attitude façonnée par une culture dynamique qui les place sur la voie du processus du développement. Le changement devrait s'opérer tout d'abord au niveau culturel et mental; en d'autres termes, procéder à une mutation qui pourrait donner naissance a un ethos au sens wébérien. Cependant, le placage des modèles occidentaux ne semble pas donner des résultats heureux. Il a même fait faillite dans certain cas. La cause de cet échec réside dans la méconnaissance de la réalité socio-culturelle. Le cas algérien est à ce titre révélateur, en effet le processus d'industrialisation est très peu maitrise en Algérie, il traduit une perturbation dans les mentalités, dans les habitudes, en un mot dans l'organisation sociale. Le temps, dimension essentielle de la vie sociale, n'est pas du tout intériorise comme paramètre oblige de la modernisation.
25
François-Wachter, Daniel. "Le mal dans la démocratie américaine : incidence de la réflexion philosophique sur la perception du mal dans la démocratie américaine." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010643.
Full textAbstract:
Le mal est un concept, son appréhension est un acte réflexif. La question du bien et du mal qui est à l'origine de la réflexion philosophique ne se pose que dans la mesure ou l'homme croit connaitre ce qu'est le bien et ce qu'est le mal. La démocratie est le plus souvent perçue dans notre culture comme un bien, la démocratie américaine, fondée dans un contexte théologico-politique, est considérée comme un modèle ; pourtant le mal y règne. La philosophie tente de donner une forme aux angoisses, une finalité aux pulsions et une rationalité à l'histoire et, sans que le monde en soit conscient, elle créé les concepts, celui du mal comme les autres. La vertu aux États-Unis est tout d'abord confrontée à l'esclavage puis aux effets pervers de la révolution industrielle ; ces 2 défis ont été relevés par 2 philosophies : le transcendantalisme et le pragmatisme; toutes 2 ont fait leur devoir de philosophie en s'attaquant au mal, toute 2 sont des philosophies de l'expérience, de la valorisation de l'action pragmatique, toutes deux ont marqué la singularité américaine. Le mal est une partie intégrante de toute démocratie; l'Amerique, loin de s'y résigner, croit en ses vertus. Ralph Waldo Emerson n'a pas eu beaucoup d'influence sur les penseurs professionnels de son époque, mais il en a une grande sur la conscience américaine; c'est en lui que le courant libéral américain a trouvé son inspiration et c'est de lui que l'on pouvait attendre un grand sursaut contre l'esclavagisme. Le transcendantalisme éveille la conscience américaine au mal esclavagiste, le pragmatisme au mal résultant des abus du capitalisme. C'est le pragmatisme qui distingue l'Amérique contemporaine des autres nations, et c'est John Dewey qui se distingue parmi les pragmatistes. Le libéralisme américain reconnait l'influence de Marx mais insiste sur un continuum moyen-fin qui est à l'opposé de celui des marxistes. Cette option philosophique est à l'origine du rejet par les États-Unis des mouvements inspirés par le…
26
Egan, Patrick. "The perception of the desirability of instituting peer Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing within a local Municipal Fire and Rescue Service." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7836.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 75-84.This study explores the perceived desirability within a sample of fire fighters of introducing a peer Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing (CISO) support structure within the Fire and Rescue Services of Blaauwberg Municipality. The research took the form of a descriptive inquiry by means of a semi-structured interview using a questionnaire developed by the writer. The research findings indicated that generally support was given to the notion of peer CISD structures, subject to some concerns that would need to be addressed through effective training and planning. From the finding it can be identified that peer support is desirable, and provided a CISD system is structured in a careful, nonthreatening manner, wiHlead to development on both a micro and macro level.
27
Medina, Fuentes María. "La perception de la parole chez les enfants sourds avec implant cochléaire et incidences pour la lecture silencieuse." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070107.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif général de ce travail est d'évaluer le développement de la perception de la parole ainsi que ses incidences pour la lecture silencieuse chez les enfants sourds porteurs d'un implant cochléaire (IC). La première partie du travail concerne l'analyse du développement de la perception des différents niveaux de traitement linguistique (phonémique, lexical et syntaxique) iors d'un suivi longitudinal de 5 ans en relation avec la durée d'utilisation de l'implant et l'âge d'implantation. La deuxième partie consiste en une évaluation transversale des capacités de catégorisation perceptive des sons de la parole, d'abord chez des enfants, adolescents et adultes normo-entendants et ensuite chez des enfants sourds implantés et dés contrôles normo-entendants. La relation entre la perception de la parole et ia lecture silencieuse des enfants implantés est également analysée. Les résultats du suivi longitudinal montrent que chez l'enfant implanté la perception des consonnes garde une relation plus forte au fil des années avec d'autres segments linguistiques (mot et phrases) et qu'il existe des périodes au cours desquelles les capacités d'apprentissage s'accélèrent. Les résultats des études transversales montrent que chez les normo-entendants la précision des frontières catégorielles augmente avec l'âge entre 4 et 17 ans tandis que la perception catégorielle ne progresse plus. L'enfant implanté présente un bien meilleur développement perceptif du voisement par rapport à celui du iieu d'articulation et tant ses performances de perception catégorielle du trait de voisement que de précision catégorielle dans le décodage de ce trait sont similaires à celles de l'enfant normo-entendant à âge audio-perceptif égal. La perception des traits phonologiques joue un rôle non négligeable, quoique plus faible que celui du lexique, dans la prédiction des scores de lecture des enfants implantés. Enfin, les performances de lecture des enfants implantés sont comparables à celles des normo-entendants à âge chronologique égal. Dans l'ensemble ces résultats suggèrent que le développement de la perception de la parole et de la lecture chez les enfants IC est assez semblable à celui des contrôles normo-entendants lorsque les traits auditifs impliqués sont transmis correctement par l'implant. L'âge à l'implantation ne semble pas poser d'obstacles majeurs au développement des performances de catégorisation phonologique mais il pourrait jouer un rôle dans l'intégration de certains traits auditifs. Enfin, les résultats sur la lecture suggèrent que les enfants. Implantés compensent leur manque d'acuité perceptive pour certains traits phonologiques, dont le lieu d'articulation, en utilisant des indices audio-visuelsThe general objective of this work was to examine the development of speech perception and its incidences for silent reading of children with a cochlear implant (CI). The first part of this work related to the analysis of the perceptual development of various levels of linguistic processing (phonemic, lexical, and syntaxic) during a 5 years long follow-up in relation with the duration of implant utilization and the age at implantation. The second part of this work consisted in a transversal study of speech perception, fîrst in normal-hearing children, adolescents and adults and then in implanted deaf children and normal-hearing controls. The relationship between categorical perception and silent reading of the implanted deaf children was also analyzed. The results of the follow-up study showed that the perception of the consonants in implanted children keeps a stronger relation oyer the years with others linguistic segments (words and sentences) and they are periods during which the learning capacities accelerate. The results of the transversal studies showed that for normal-hearing people the precision of the categorical boundaries increases between 4 and 17 years of age. Whereas categorical perception does not progress. The implanted children present a much better perceptual development of voicing compared to place of articulation and the categorical precision of voicing as well as their categorical precision in the decoding of this feature are similar to those of the normal-hearing children of the same auditory age. The perception of phonological features is a good predictor, though weaker than lexical performances, of the reading scores in the implanted children. Finally, the reading performances of the CI children are comparable to those of the normal-hearing children of the same chronological age. As a whole, these results suggest that the development of speech perception and reading in CI children is fairly similar to 'the one in normal-hearing controls when the relevant auditory features are correctly transmitted by the implant. The age at implantation does not seem to impose major constraints on the development of phonological categorization performances although it could play a role in the integration of some auditory features. Finally, the results on reading suggest that the CI children might compensate their lack of acuity for some phonological features by using audio-visual
28
Smith, Gabriel Charles. "Identifying prevention methods to reduce carpal tunnel syndrome incidents : based on analysis of employee perception and by utilizing the strain index /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1324372471&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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29
Hayden, Dorothy L. "Female and Male Athletic Coaches and Female High School Athletes Perception of Sexual Harassment and the Incidence among Female High School Athletes." Diss., Counseling, Human and Organizational Studies, George Washington University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/115.
Full textAbstract:
Degree awarded (2003): EdDC, Counseling, Human and Organizational Studies, George Washington UniversityThis study was designed to examine the perception and incidence of sexual harassment and determine the incidence of sexual harassment in relation to girls participating in high school athletics. The similarities and differences of interpretation of various interactions between high school athletes with their male and female athletic coaches were examined. This study also investigated the actual incidence of sexual harassment by male and female high school athletic coaches as reported by female athletes.
The study population included male and female athletic coaches currently coaching a female high school athletic team and female college students who participated in high school athletics.
This researcher, in order to accommodate the study population and research questions, adapted the Sexual Harassment Survey (1995) by Margery J. Holman, Ph.D. Female student athletes and male and female coaches responded to survey questions on demographics and their perceptions and understanding of described behaviors. The student athletes completed an additional section of the survey pertaining to their experience of sexual harassment.
Descriptive statistics (including frequencies and percentages as well as means and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (One-Way Analysis of Variance with a Scheffe test of significance) were used to analyze the data.
A comparison of the responses of all three groups (female athletes, male coaches and female coaches) to questions pertaining to perceptions of sexual harassment indicated agreement among the groups in the identification of inappropriate behaviors. However, there was a significant difference in the level of agreement for seven described behaviors. In general, male and female coaches agreed with each other more often than with female athletes when identifying the behaviors associated with sexual harassment. The investigation of incidence indicated that female athletes experienced more behaviors associated with sexual harassment from male coaches than from female coaches. Understanding that the same behaviors were identified by female athletes, male coaches and female coaches, it can be concluded that inappropriate behavior was consistently identified, but the identification of sexual harassment does not necessarily diminish the incidence of sexual harassment.
Advisory Committee: Dr. Lori Lefcourt, Dr. Chris Erickson, Dr. Patricia Sullivan, Dr. Janet C. Heddesheimer, Dr. Donald C. Linkowski (Chair)
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Messaoud-Galusi, Souhila. "Incidence du développement linguistique et de la lecture sur les stratégies de pondération d'indices acoustiques et la perception catégorielle de la parole." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030167.
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Nous avons mené deux études évaluant les relations entre la perception catégorielle des sons de la parole, la lecture et l'âge. La première examinait les relations entre lecture et perception catégorielle (PC) chez des enfants suivis longitudinalement de la GSM au CE1 et des bons et des mauvais lecteurs de CM1. La seconde évaluait les stratégies de pondération des indices acoustiques chez des enfants dyslexiques, des contrôles d'âge chronologique, de niveau de lecture et chez des adultes. Les résultats montrent que la PC du lieu d'articulation s'améliore sous l'effet de l'âge et que l'évolution est plus rapide pour le traitement des transitions, et des indices fournis par le contexte vocalique, que pour le bruit de fiction. L'évolution de la PC est plus lente chez les dyslexiques mais ne dépend pas du niveau de lecture dans un échantillon tout venantThe present study was aimed at evaluating the relations between categorical perception (CP), reading and language acquisition. First, we examined the relationships between categorical perception and reading tasks in 4th grade good and poor readers and children followed longitudinally from kindergarten to 2nd grade. Second, we evaluated cue weighting strategies in dyslexic children, chronological age and reading age matched controls and in adults. The results indicated that CP of place of articulation improves with age and that the evolution is faster for the processing of transitions and vowel-related cues than for friction noise. The evolution of CP is slower for dyslexics but does not depend on reading level in the general population
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Tom, Ariane. "Processus cognitifs mis en oeuvre dans le traitement, l'utilisation et la production de descriptions spatiales : incidence comparée d'une référence aux repères ou aux voies." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H017.
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L'objectif de cette recherche était d'étudier l'effet de la référence aux voies ou aux repères dans l'utilisation, la compréhension, la mémoire et la production de descriptions d'itinéraires en milieu urbain. La première expérience a montré que les repères constituaient des entités spatiales plus efficaces que les voies à des fins de guidage. Les repères permettent également d'aboutir à une meilleure représentation mentale du parcours. Les expériences 2, 3 et 4 ont utilisé deux versions d'une description d'itinéraire dans laquelle les noms de voies étaient ambigus car le même mot était employé pour les désigner (ex. : "la rue de l'hôpital") et pour indiquer des repères (ex. : "un hôpital"). Les résultats ont mis en évidence que le temps mis pour lire la description était plus long quand celle-ci était basée sur des voies. Par ailleurs, la différence entre voies et repères était maintenue à l'issue du traitement, dans des tâches de rappel libre, de reconnaissance et de clarification perceptive. L'expérience 5 a étudié le recours spontané aux voies et aux repères dans une tâche de description d'un trajet urbain, pendant l'exécution même de l'itinéraire. Les résultats ont notamment fait apparaître la mention plus fréquente des repères que des voies de circulation. L'ensemble des résultats indique l'existence d'un contraste marqué entre les voies et les repères. La discussion insiste sur la différence d'encodage des repères et des voies, ces dernières étant traitées, encodées et activées comme des noms propres, en dépit de l'ambigui͏̈té introduite expérimentalementThis research aimed at studying the effects of referring to streets or landmarks on the use, comprehension, memory, and production of route directions in an urban area. The first experiment showed that landmarks were more efficient than streets for a guidance purpose. Landmarks also appeared as the basis of a better mental representation of the route. In experiments 2, 3 and 4, two versions of a set of directions were constructed, in which street names were ambiguous as the same word was used to designate them (e. G. , "Hospital street") and to point to landmarks (e. G. , "an hospital"). Results showed that the time needed to read the directions was longer when they were based on streets. Furthermore, the difference between streets and landmarks after processing the directions still held in several tasks : free recall, recognition and perceptual clarification. Experiment 5 took into account the spontaneous use of streets and landmarks in an urban route description task, during the walk. Results notably indicated that landmarks were more frequently mentioned than streets. Overall, our results indicate the existence of a marked contrast between streets and landmarks. The discussion stresses the different encoding of landmarks and streets, the latter being processed, encoded and activated as proper names, despite any experimentally-introduced ambiguity
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Tischer, Sven. "The impact of critical incidents on marketing intangibles." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16966.
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Die Dissertation befasst sich mit den Folgen negativer kritischer Ereignisse und gibt Hinweise, was Manager vor und nach dem Ereignis tun könnten, um potentiell negative Effekte zu minimieren. Während sich die ersten zwei Aufsätze mit der Wirkung kritischer Ereignisse aus Sicht der Konsumenten befassen, widmen sich die Aufsätze 3 und 4 der Shareholder-Perspektive. Aufsatz 1 untersucht die Wahrnehmungsveränderungen in Folge verschiedener Ereignisse mit Hilfe des Konzepts der Markenpersönlichkeit. Die Ergebnisse des Online-Experimentes implizieren, dass die negative Wirkung von der Markenstärke, der Geschäftsbeziehung vor bzw. während des Vorfalls und der Art des Ereignisses abhängt. Aufsatz 2 analysiert, ob die Effekte auch mit Hilfe des Konzepts des kundenbasierten Markenwerts bestätigt und erweitert werden können. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Reaktionen nach Bekanntwerden derselben kritischen Ereignisse für die Markenwertdimension „Perceived quality“, „Perceived value“, „Brand personality“, „Organizational associations“, und „Loyalty“ quantifiziert. In Übereinstimmung mit den in Aufsatz 1 gewonnenen Erkenntnissen deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass sowohl ein hoher Markenwert und das anhaltende persönliche Produkterlebnis während eines kritischen Ereignisses den negativen Effekt mindert, als auch eine zwischen tatsächlichen und potentiellen Kunden differenzierende Kommunikationsstrategie im Nachgang sinnvoll sein könnte. Die Aufsätze 3 und 4 untersuchen auf Basis einer „Event study“ den Zusammenhang zwischen der Veröffentlichung von „Corporate Reputation-Rankings“ des Manager Magazins und dem Shareholder Value. Die gefundenen Ankündigungseffekte weisen darauf hin, dass, über die gezeigte Verbindung zwischen Reputation und Shareholder Value, die in Folge kritischer negativer Ereignisse resultierende Reputationsänderung durch Investoren berücksichtigt wird.The doctoral dissertation analyzes effects of negative critical incidents and points out, what manager could do before and after an incident in order to minimize possible negative impacts. While the first two essays take a closer look at effects of critical incidents from the consumer’s point of view, the essays 3 and 4 deal with the shareholder perspective. Essay 1 examines perceptional changes in consequence of various incidents using the concept of brand personality. The results of the online experiment imply that the negative impact depends on brand strength, type of event and business relation before respectively during the incident. Essay 2 analyzes whether or not effects can be confirmed and extended using the concept of customer based brand equity. For this purpose, reactions of respondents are measured after getting exposed to the same critical incidents as in the previous essay. The reactions are quantified for brand equity dimensions such as perceived quality, perceived value, brand personality, organizational associations and loyalty. The results are in line with findings of Essay 1. They indicate, on the one hand, that high brand equity and persistent product experience during crisis reduce negative effects and, on the other hand, that a communication strategy which differs between actual and potential customers could be favorable after the incident. Using event study methodology, the Essays 3 and 4 examine the linkage between publications of corporate reputation rankings of the Manager Magazin and shareholder value. The existence of negative announcement effects indicates that investors consider a reputational loss in consequence of negative critical incidents via the observed linkage between reputation and share prices.
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Trescol-Beck, Laurence. "Influence des paramètres d'élaboration - formule, procédé - sur la structure des sauces émulsionnées de type vinaigrette : incidence sur la stabilité physique et la perception sensorielle." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS052.
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La perception sensorielle et la stabilite physique des sauces emulsionnees constituent deux aspects primordiaux de leur qualite. Dans notre etude, la perception sensorielle de la texture, de la saveur et de la flaveur moutarde, ont ete reliees à la structure des emulsions, elle-meme modulee en faisant varier les parametres de formule et de procede. Negligeable lorsque la teneur en huile est faible (30%), la relation entre la structure et la perception sensorielle apparait nettement aux plus fortes teneurs en huile : 50 et 70%. Lorsque l'emulsion ne renferme pas d'agregats de globules gras, sa consistance est inversement liee au diametre median de ses globules gras. En presence d'agregats, la texture de l'emulsion est davantage affectee par son indice d'agregation que par sa granularite. La dispersion de taille des globules gras n'a pas d'effet sur la texture des emulsions mais influence leurs proprietes rheologiques, mesurees sous une faible contrainte de cisaillement. Les saveurs (perceptions acide et salee) ne sont que faiblement influencees par la structure des emulsions : diminution de la perception acide avec le diametre median des globules gras dans les emulsions riches en huile. La perception de l'arome moutarde, liee a une molecule liposoluble - l'isothiocyanate d'allyle-, augmente quand la granularite de l'emulsion diminue. La stabilite physique des sauces emulsionnees est influencée par leur granularité, mais egalement par les propriétés rhéologiques du film interfacial. L'emulsifiant donnant le film le moins viscoelastique est le moins efficace pour stabiliser les émulsions.
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Koudogbo, Fifamè N. "Etude des diffusions de surface et de volume par une surface rugueuse diélectrique : calcul des interactions entre un objet 3D et une surface naturelle." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30155.
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Ouaghlani, Méniar. "La variation du concept de soi (physique) : incidences de l'âge et de l'activité physique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA113002.
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Le rôle du concept de soi physique et de l'estime de soi globale est souvent mis en avant (Netz et al. , 2005). Il demeure, malgré tout, un phénomène peu étudié chez les seniors. Ce travail doctoral a pour but d'étudier l'effet de l'âge et de l'activité physique sur le concept de soi physique. Une série de trois études a été réalisée impliquant 128 personnes jeunes et 128 personnes âgées. La première étude a montré que les sujets jeunes ont les scores de concept de soi physique et d'estime de soi globale les plus élevés. Une différence liée au sexe en faveur des hommes est observée chez le groupe des seniors, contrairement aux jeunes des deux sexes qui ont des scores similaires. Quels que soient l'âge et le sexe, les actifs ont montré des scores plus élevés que ceux des inactifs. La deuxième étude a confirmé les résultats trouvés concernant l'influence de l'âge et du sexe sur les perceptions de soi physique. Elle a également élucidé l'influence positive de l'activité physique, en mettant en évidence les bénéfices de la pratique d'exercices sollicitant le système aérobie aux dépens des activités qui sollicitent les aptitudes de souplesse, d'équilibre et de coordination. Enfin, une étude longitudinale a été réalisée pour examiner l'effet de 15 semaines d'activité de forme physique. Les résultats plaident en faveur d'une plus grande amélioration au niveau des scores du concept de soi physique des seniors comparés à ceux des jeunes. En outre, le caractère hiérarchique et multidimensionnel est confirmé étant donné que l'impact de 15 semaines d'activité physique est davantage au niveau des échelles spécifiques qu'au niveau des échelles globalesPhysical self-concept and global self-esteem contribution is often presented as important (Netz et al. , 2005). Although, only a handful of studies have examined this topic in older adults. This thesis aims to study the effect of age and physical activity on physical self-concept and global self-esteem, with a particular focus on the sex difference. Three studies involving 128 young adults and 128 older adults were carried out. The first study has shown that physical self-concept and self-esteem scores were higher for young adults than for older adults. Sex difference in favour of men was obtained in the older group, whereas young men and young women had similar scores. Regardless of age and sex, the active group had higher scores than the inactive group. The second study has confirmed findings of the first one concerning the effect of age and sex on physical self-perceptions. It has demonstrated the positive effect of physical activity, by highlighting a bigger benefit of physical exercises requiring aerobic system than physical activities underlining competence and technique and requiring skills of flexibility, balance and coordination. Finally, a longitudinal panel study was led to study the effect of fifteen weeks of fitness activities. The findings showed a greater improvement in physical self-concepts scores in older adults than in younger ones. Additionally, hierarchic and multidimensional character was confirmed since the impact of fifteen weeks of physical activities is greater in specific scales than in global ones
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Borien, Jason Dean. "Evaluation of the differences in perception toward stress and trauma intervention strategies in the South African Police Service." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8052.
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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS)The current crime rate in the Western Cape plays a crucial role in the exposure of police officers to stressful and traumatic events. The intensity and frequency of this exposure, if not treated, could lead to police officers experiencing comorbid disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This leads to an increased need for trauma intervention strategies to be offered, to assist police officers who are exposed to trauma in the South African Police Service (SAPS). Although trauma intervention programmes are established within SAPS, a difference in perception about their effectiveness and service offering are presented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in perception toward stress and trauma intervention strategies within the SAPS in the Western Cape. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the researcher, tapped into the lived experiences of current police officers and Employee Health and Wellness (EHW) staff, employed by SAPS through semi-structured interviews. Through a comparative design, the study will add value to the current body of knowledge, as differences and similarities between two of the primary role players in the trauma debriefing process within the SAPS are explored. The research sample, recruited by means of convenience sampling, consisted of seven EHW staff members who had experience with dealing with stress and trauma-related programmes, and eight visible policing police officers who had experienced some form of trauma-related incident. The researcher made use of an in-depth interview guide as the research instrument for this study, which consisted of audio-recorded semi-structured interviews with the participants. The audio recordings were transcribed, and then analysed by means of thematic analysis. The findings showed that a difference in perception exists between police officers and EHW staff members toward the effectiveness of trauma intervention strategies offered in the SAPS. The findings also suggest that the majority of police officers do not make use of the trauma intervention programmes in the SAPS, in comparison to EHW staff reporting on good attendance by police officers at the service offerings. Similarities in perception between the two groups presented itself in the form of how trauma is defined, the different responses to trauma and coping mechanisms employed by police officers. The implications of this study include a contribution toward policy and structural amendments of the Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) framework within the SAPS, as well as a motivation for implementing a compulsory trauma counselling programme for police officers.
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Tudor, Annette Marie. "Where Do They Fit In?: The Perceptions of High School Students, Parents, and Teachers Regarding Appropriate Educational Placements for Children with High Incidence Disabilities." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0828104-132939/unrestricted/Tudor110804f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0828104-132939 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Ellington, Lisa. "Conceptions et expériences des hommes amérindiens ayant vécu des incidents de violence conjugale au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25753.
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La violence conjugale est une problématique sociale très répandue au sein des peuples autochtones (Jones, 2008). Malgré ce constat, les travaux de recherche sur le sujet ne sont pas légion et ont été majoritairement réalisés auprès de femmes ou d’intervenants, le discours des hommes étant éclipsé par la perception qu’ont les chercheurs de la problématique. Cette recherche vise alors à rendre compte de l’expérience et du point de vue des hommes amérindiens ayant vécu des incidents de violence conjugale au Québec. L’analyse de contenu des neuf entrevues réalisées suggère la nécessité de considérer l’interaction dynamique et l’influence mutuelle de différents facteurs (historiques, environnementaux, individuels et culturels) qui façonnent les conceptions de la violence conjugale et les logiques d’action des hommes amérindiens. Ce mémoire met également en lumière la diversité des rôles joués par ces derniers lors des incidents, qu’ils soient les instigateurs et/ou les victimes, à travers les différents types de violence dans lesquels ces rôles s’inscrivent (violence conjugale situationnelle ou terrorisme conjugal).
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Baltenneck, Nicolas. "Se mouvoir sans voir : incidences de l'environnement urbain sur la perception, la représentation mentale et le stress lors du déplacement de la personne aveugle." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593859.
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Cette recherche propose d'étudier l'incidence de l'environnement urbain sur certains aspects du déplacement de la personne aveugle. Dans une approche écologique, nous prenons en considération plusieurs paramètres en étudiant, en situation réelle, la perception et le ressenti liés à l'environnement, la vitesse de marche, la représentation mentale et enfin le stress, vécu et objectivé. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que la structure urbaine a un effet notable sur l'ensemble de ces paramètres, affectant ou facilitant le déplacement. Notre protocole a mobilisé 27 personnes aveugles, utilisant une canne blanche ou un chien-guide sur un trajet urbain de 1 km, qui offre cinq scènes urbaines successives (" Ruelle A ", " Place ", " Berges ", " Rue " et " Ruelle B "). La première session s'est faite au bras du chercheur afin d'étudier la perception et le ressenti liés à l'environnement, grâce à la technique des trajets commentés. La seconde session a été consacrée à la mémorisation du trajet. Enfin, la troisième session, intégralement enregistrée sur vidéo, a consisté en un déplacement autonome. Nous avons également enregistré l'activité électrodermale in situ, afin d'en saisir les variations au fur et à mesure du trajet. Nous avons, enfin, demandé aux participants de dessiner le trajet effectué (carte mentale). Les résultats indiquent que les différentes scènes présentent des ambiances vécues comme très différentes par les marcheurs aveugles. L'environnement influence le ressenti en termes de plaisir, de sentiment de sécurité et de stress. Il influence également la vitesse de marche, ainsi que la capacité à mener le trajet à son terme. Les " Ruelles " et la " Rue " sont les scènes les plus favorables au déplacement, alors que les espaces ouverts comme la " Place " et les " Berges " se sont avérés défavorables. L'analyse de l'activité électrodermale révèle également un effet de la scène. Elle nous a permis d'identifier des zones problématiques sur le trajet. Ces nœuds correspondent aux lieux où les marcheurs aveugles doivent prendre des décisions importantes (traverser la chaussée, choisir une orientation). Enfin, la représentation mentale semble être en rapport avec les aspects précédents et varie en fonction des scènes. Les lieux les plus sécurisants sont sous-représentés, alors que les lieux vécus comme les plus stressants sont surreprésentés dans les dessins. Ces résultats invitent à prendre en considération la perception incarnée et l'expérience que les personnes aveugles ont de leur environnement dans l'élaboration des aménagements de nos cités, pour permettre à tous une meilleure autonomie et liberté de déplacement.
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Abdullah, Nor Azimah Chew Binti. "Occupational health and safety management perceptions in Malaysian public hospitals: implications for the implementation of standardized management systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1339.
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All industries in Malaysia, including government organizations, have had to comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 to fulfill their responsibilities as an employer to ensure that workers have a safe workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 requires employers to perform minimum duties to ensure the safety, health and welfare of their workers, thus, the joint responsibility between employer and employees in the government organizations are expected to ensure the safety of a workplace. Although this regulation binds employers, the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) statistics showed a fluctuation in industrial accidents, from 114,134 accidents in 1995 to 85,338 accidents in 1998, then the accidents increased to 92,074 in 1999, 95,006 in 2000, and subsequently the accident was reduced to 85,926 in 2001 until 56,339 in 2007. As a consequence, the adoption of an effective OHS management system as a tool to assist in meeting legal obligations should ensure the development of a safety culture and provide the best approach to reduce accidents in an organization. Thus, government organizations need to transform the philosophy of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 into reality and the implementation of an OHS management system will assist in resolving OHS problems successfully and is also a means to legal compliance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the information about current OHS practices that can influence the development and implementation of an effective OHS management system and provide a systematic process for the implementation of a OHS management system to enable the Malaysian public hospital sector to meet its OHS obligations.This study used a correlation quantitative non-experimental investigation, i.e. survey, where the study focused on collecting and analyzing the data in a single study. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used in selecting the respondents. 418 employees from three state hospitals in the northern region of Malaysia participated in this study and that gave a response rate of 43.15%. The questionnaire was adapted from the Safety Climate Assessment tool, where it was to identify perceptions of the hospital employees regarding several OHS management elements and implication towards their OHS performance. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 12 and AMOS 4.0 and the outcomes of the data were evaluated and recommendations were made on the strategies to introduce an effective implementation of an OHS management system in the hospital sector in Malaysia.From the structural equation modeling, this research demonstrated that a direct relationship existed between the independent variables and dependent variables. The reliability results revealed that the measurement constantly assesses what it is intended to measure and all the scales shown reasonable validity in determining how well the concept is defined by the measures. The findings of this study revealed that the general view of employees with regard to their OHS practices was in the range of low to medium, indicating a mixture of "disagree" to "almost agree". Based on the perceptions of employees to have effective OHS practices in the workplace, this study also disclosed evidence that the critical elements of occupational health and safety management were accident and injury procedures, leadership style, management commitment, health and safety objectives and safety reporting procedures, and safety training. In addition, the findings of this study reported five elements including health and safety objectives, safety reporting, management commitment, the role of the supervisor, and leadership style were seen to support the implementation of an effective OHS management system, however, safety training was not significant but lack of safety training might hinder the effective management of OHS. In sum, the significant results of this study were (1) management commitment; (2) health and safety objectives; (3) training and competence; (4) role of supervisors; (5) safety reporting; (6) leadership style; and (7) safety incidents: accidents and injuries in the workplace. It seems that all elements of OHS management and one dependent variable that are safety incidents were critical to ensure good practices of OHS in the workplace.Lastly, some implications of this study were this survey's instrument can be an effective measurement tool to demonstrate improvement and to reflect on how to improve problematic areas in their workplace. Furthermore, employees' perceptions are vital as a realistic approach of determining whether an organization has attained an acceptable level of safety in their workplace.
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Pihl, Lesnovska Katarina. "Life situation among persons living with inflammatory bowel disease." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för omvårdnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142720.
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Living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects physical, psychological and social dimensions, limiting the ability to engage in daily activities. Persons with IBD may need frequent and lifelong contacts with the healthcare (HC), highlighting the importance of quality care. High quality HC for persons with IBD involves a partnership between the HC professionals and the person living with the disease. Information is essential, the more a person knows about their disease, the more concordant and satisfied with their treatment they are likely to be. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the knowledge need, life situation and perception of HC among persons living with IBD, in order to develop a questionnaire to evaluate the quality of HC. This thesis is based on three studies that are presented in four papers. Qualitative methods were used to describe aspects of life situation in relation to the disease, whereas quantitative method was used to develop a questionnaire measuring quality of care. Study I and II have an inductive qualitative design. In study I, qualitative interviews with 30 people were performed to describe the knowledge need and experience of critical incidents in daily life while living with IBD. The interviews in study I were analyzed using content analysis (results presented in Paper I) and critical incident technique (results presented in Paper II). In study II, the perceptions of HC among persons living with IBD was explored in five focus group interviews and two individual interviews, in total n=26. Study III aimed to develop and evaluate a questionnaire, measuring quality of care among persons with IBD, including 318 persons with IBD and 8 professionals. The knowledge need among persons with IBD focused on managing symptoms and course of the disease and learning to assimilate the information in order to manage everyday life. Losing bowel control was of great concern for most of the informants in the study. Many of the informants said that “the bowel ruled their life” and that it influenced them to a great extent in their daily lives. The perception of HC among persons with IBD meant being met with respect and mutual trust, receiving information at the right time, shared decision-making, competence and communication, access to care, accommodation, continuity of care and the pros and cons of specialized care. The quality of care questionnaire QoC-IBD was constructed in five dimensions, building on the results from Study I and II. The dimensions were trust and respect, decision-making, information, continuity of care and access to care consisting of 21 questions in total. QoC-IBD is a short, self-administrated questionnaire that measures experiences of healthcare among persons with IBD with promising validity and reliability. To improve quality of care, HC is recommended to consider individual care needs and take the person’s daily life and social context into account. The QoC-IBD questionnaire measures the subjective experience of quality of care. Further testing in clinical practice is necessary to evaluate if QoC-IBD can be used to evaluate the care given and areas of improvement in HC for persons living with IBD.
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Karlsson, Madeleine, and Jonas Nilsson. "Sjuksköterskans upplevelse och hantering av kritiska händelser." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26730.
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Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor riskerar dagligen att hamna i situationer som kan upplevas som kritiska. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var därför att undersöka vilka händelser som sjuksköterskan upplever som kritiska och hur dessa händelser sedan upplevs och hanteras. Heideggers hermeneutiskt inriktade fenomenologi användes som teoretisk referensram i arbetet. Metod: Genom databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och Medline hittades 17 artiklar som var av intresse, efter kvalitetsgranskning valdes tio artiklar ut för att redovisas i arbetet. Resultat: Händelser som sjuksköterskan bland annat ansåg som kritiska var händelser som involverade barn, allvarligt skadade personer samt akuta händelser som kunde vara andnings- eller hjärtstopp. Upplevelsen av en sådan händelse var varierande, den kunde vara ledsam, sjuksköterskan kunde känna stor osäkerhet och gav en stark trötthet. För att hantera en sådan känsla tog sjuksköterskan till olika tekniker för att hantera situationen. Ett sätt för att minska ångesten var att skämta och använda humor, ett annat sätt var att söka stöd hos sina arbetskamrater. Samtidigt var det också viktigt att det fanns ett formellt stöd inom organisationen som sjuksköterskan kunde ta hjälp av ifall händelsen blev allt för övermäktig. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskan skall vara medveten om att kritiska händelser kan leda till allvarliga stressreaktioner och vara uppmärksam på ifall tecken på utbrändhet visas.Background: Nurses risk every day to get into situations that could be perceived as critical. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to investigate the events, which the nurse feels are critical and how these events since perceived and handled. Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology was used as a focused theoretical framework of the work. Methods: The PubMed, CINAHL and Medline found 17 articles that were of interest, after the quality review was ten articles out for recognition at work. Results: Events that nurses in particular felt that was critical incidents involving children, serious injuries and emergencies that could be respiratory or cardiac arrest. The experience of such an event were varied, it could be tedious, the nurse could feel great uncertainty and gave a strong fatigue. To deal with such a sense took the nurse to the different techniques to handle the situation. One way to reduce the anxiety was making jokes and using humour, another way was to seek support from their colleagues. Meanwhile it was also important that there was a formal support of the organization that the nurse was able to enlist the help of whether the incident was too overpowering. Conclusion: The nurse must be aware that critical incidents can lead to severe stress reactions and be aware of if signs of burnout appear.
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Rigolot, Cyrille. "Modélisation de l’impact environnemental des pratiques en élevage porcin à l’échelle sectorielle (animal et effluent), de l’exploitation, et du cycle de vie (ACV). : Incidence du niveau d’approche sur la perception des pratiques." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARB194.
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La production de porc contribue à des problèmes environnementaux divers à des échelles variées. Jusqu’à présent, les recherches d’innovations ont majoritairement considéré les pratiques de façon individuelle, en se focalisant sur un problème particulier (par exemple, les effets de l’alimentation sur l’excrétion d’azote). Cependant, de telles approches peuvent conduire à des transferts de pollution, sur un autre critère ou de façon décalée dans l’espace ou dans le temps. Dans ce contexte, la problématique abordée dans ce travail est de voir comment la perception des pratiques peut dépendre du niveau d’approche, c’est-à-dire du système au sein duquel on les considère. Cette réflexion s’appuie sur des travaux de modélisation avec une démarche d’intégration progressive. D’abord, des modèles sectoriels ont été réalisés pour prédire i) les caractéristiques de l’excrétion des porcs en fonction des performances et de la composition de l’aliment et ii) le devenir des déjections et les émissions d’ammoniac et de gaz à effet de serre, au cours de leur collecte, stockage et traitement. Ensuite, ces modèles sectoriels ont été intégrés dans un simulateur complexe de flux d’éléments à risque pour l’environnement, à l’échelle de l’atelier porcin, puis de l’exploitation mixte porcine et laitière avec des cultures, dans le cadre d’un projet pluridisciplinaire (Mélodie). Le modèle Mélodie calcule les flux d’éléments (N, P, C, Cu, Zn) dans le système et les émissions vers l’eau, l’air et le sol, en fonction de la structure et de la stratégie de l’exploitation simulée, sur plusieurs années et de façon dynamique. Mélodie est basé sur un cadre conceptuel original, générique et évolutif, structurant la représentation des systèmes et de leur pilotage (ontologie). Enfin, des résultats de simulation de différents élevages virtuels, par Mélodie, ont servi de base pour réaliser des Analyses de Cycle de Vie (ACV). Cette méthode consiste à prendre en compte, en plus des émissions directes sur le site de production, les impacts environnementaux associés aux intrants et au recyclage des déchets. Ces ACV ont été réalisées avec différentes hypothèses sur la prise en compte (ou non) dans le système évalué des impacts de l’épandage des effluents exportés. La démarche suivie permet de mettre en évidence que le niveau d’approche modifie la perception des pratiques. En effet, nous montrons que des pratiques d’alimentation ou de gestion des effluents jugées favorables au niveau de l’atelier peuvent apparaître défavorables quand on intègre des effets indirects, comme les émissions d’ammoniac à l’épandage, ou le coût environnemental de la production des ingrédients de l’aliment. Inversement, des pratiques jugées favorables avec un point de vue très global pourraient en fait avoir des effets indésirables, si les particularités des systèmes ne sont pas suffisamment prises en compte. En ce sens, le modèle Mélodie illustre la complexité des effets décalés ou retardés des pratiques (si on prend en compte, par exemple, les répercussions possibles à court et long terme sur les cultures et les sols, leurs éventuelles rétroactions sur le fonctionnement des troupeaux…). Enfin, le constat de la relativité de la perception des pratiques en fonction du niveau d’approche interroge en retour sur la définition de système pertinente à retenir, pour aborder des pratiques. Différents cas sont distingués pour l’évaluation ou l’action sur les systèmes de production, dans le cadre de stratégies environnementalesPig production contributes to various environmental issues at various scales. Environmental studies have generally focused, up to now, on the effects of practices, isolated from their context, on particular issues (for example, the effects of feeding on nitrogen excretion). However, these approaches may lead to trade-off between environmental issues, and issues may also simply be delayed at other time periods and locations. The aim of this work is to see how the approach level (i. E. The system considered) can modify the perception of practices. The study is based on a step by step integration of several models. First, models have been built to predict i) the effects of feeding and animal performances on pig excretion characteristics ii) the effects of housing, manure storage and treatment on ammonia and greenhouse gazes emissions from manure. Then, these models have been integrated in a complex simulator of nutrient flows in pig units, itself included in a model at farm scale, with dairy and crop production modules (Melodie project). The Melodie model calculates nutrient flows (N, P, C, Cu, Zn) within a farm and the emissions to the air, the soil and the water. These flows are calculated dynamically for several years with a daily time step. Input parameters are related to farm structure and farmer strategy. Melodie is based on an evolving and generic conceptual framework structuring the modelling of production systems (ontology). Finally, simulations of five virtual pig units by Melodie have been used as a basis for life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA does not take into account only the direct emissions on a farm, but also the indirect environmental impacts associated to inputs and waste recycling. These LCA have been carried out with different hypotheses on the accounting (or not) of the impacts of exported manure spreading. This approach proves that the definition of system boundaries in environmental assessments may modify the results of the evaluation. For example, feeding and manure management practices, which may be seen as environment-friendly at pig unit scale, can in fact induce higher environment impacts, when the system includes indirect effects such as ammonia emissions during spreading, or the environmental cost of producing the feed. On the contrary, decisions based on a very large point of view could have undesirable effects, if the system specificities are not sufficiently taken into account. This is well illustrated by the model Melodie, which represents the complexity of indirect effects on crops and soils on the short and long run, their retroactions to the herd feeding… Finally, the relativity of practices perception depending on system boundaries raises the problem of choosing the relevant approach level. Different cases are distinguished for the evaluation or action on agricultural systems, in the scope of environmental strategies
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Chabalala, Tinyiko Godfrey. "The experiences and perceptions of police members regarding the effectiveness of trauma debriefing within the South African Police Service." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182005-110103.
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Khatri, Chandra P. "Real-time road traffic information detection through social media." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53889.
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In current study, a mechanism to extract traffic related information such as congestion and incidents from textual data from the internet is proposed. The current source of data is Twitter, however, the same mechanism can be extended to any kind of text available on the internet. As the data being considered is extremely large in size automated models are developed to stream, download, and mine the data in real-time. Furthermore, if any tweet has traffic related information then the models should be able to infer and extract this data. To pursue this task, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing techniques are used. These models are designed in such a way that they are able to detect the traffic congestion and traffic incidents from the Twitter stream at any location.
Currently, the data is collected only for United States. The data is collected for 85 days (50 complete and 35 partial) randomly sampled over the span of five months (September, 2014 to February, 2015) and a total of 120,000 geo-tagged traffic related tweets are extracted, while six million geo-tagged non-traffic related tweets are retrieved. The classification models for detection of traffic congestion and incidents are trained on this dataset. Furthermore, this data is also used for various kinds of spatial and temporal analysis. A mechanism to calculate level of traffic congestion, safety, and traffic perception for cities in U.S. is proposed. Traffic congestion and safety rankings for the various urban areas are obtained and then they are statistically validated with existing widely adopted rankings. Traffic perception depicts the attitude and perception of people towards the traffic.
It is also seen that traffic related data when visualized spatially and temporally provides the same pattern as the actual traffic flows for various urban areas. When visualized at the city level, it is clearly visible that the flow of tweets is similar to flow of vehicles and that the traffic related tweets are representative of traffic within the cities.
With all the findings in current study, it is shown that significant amount of traffic related information can be extracted from Twitter and other sources on internet. Furthermore, Twitter and these data sources are freely available and are not bound by spatial and temporal limitations. That is, wherever there is a user there is a potential for data.
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Lean, Sandra. "Hidden in plain view : the impact of popular beliefs and perceptions, held as factual knowledge about the Criminal Justice System, on incidences of wrongful accusation and conviction." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11691.
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Available research demonstrates that public perceptions and beliefs about the Criminal Justice System (CJS) differ from its actual processes and procedures, but there is little research on the effects of such a difference, specifically with regard to wrongful accusation and/or conviction of factually innocent persons, and their families. Perceptions and beliefs, held as reliable and accurate knowledge, may impact on wrongful accusation/conviction of the factually innocent, both on the lived experiences of wrongly accused/convicted persons themselves, and on perceptions held about them (and responses to calls for case reviews) within the wider public. Although a great deal of research has been carried out on the subject of wrongful conviction generally, this has focussed, in the main, on legal, procedural and structural causes of wrongful conviction, and, in particular, on a small number of ‘high profile’ cases. This research examines perceptions and beliefs held as knowledge by individuals claiming to be factually innocent, wrongly accused/convicted persons, and the results of attempts to employ such perceptions and beliefs to maintain claims of innocence. Further, the experiences of family and friends of the wrongly convicted, whose lives continue in the community following the conviction of their family member, are examined, with particular attention to the interface of beliefs and perceptions between such families and the wider community. To a lesser extent, the role of the media, in shaping public opinion, the effects of media coverage on trial procedures and outcomes, and non-reporting or selective reporting is also addressed. A series of semi-structured interviews was carried out throughout the UK, with wrongly accused/convicted persons, family members of those individuals, and members of groups and organisations working to highlight the problems of wrongful accusation and conviction. A survey aimed at examining key perceptions and beliefs, held as factual knowledge about the CJS within the wider public, was also conducted. The analysis of the data indicated that not only do individuals and families attempt to employ erroneous perceptions and beliefs as factual knowledge in cases of wrongful accusation and conviction, but that such attempts feed into and support the case against the wrongly accused (in direct opposition to the aims and objectives of those employing them). Furthermore, knowledge of the actual workings of the CJS (held by CJS actors) can be, and is, used to exploit the ignorance of those so accused, and their family members. This is made possible because legal meanings of key words and phrases are vastly different from their commonly understood meanings, a factor known only to CJS actors, and not, generally, to the wider public. Political rhetoric and media representations support and reinforce those commonly held understandings, simultaneously maintaining the inaccessible code of actual CJS processes, thereby influencing public perceptions of those who are accused and convicted.
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Watson, Robert Jeffrey. "A comparison study of Montana's intermediate and k-8 schools with regard to student performance on a criterion referenced test, incidence of at-risk behaviors, and perceptions of educators from both grade configurations." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03262009-143435/unrestricted/Watson_umt_0136D_10020.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed.D.) -- University of Montana, 2009.Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on June 11, 2009. ETD number: etd-03262009-143435. Author supplied keywords: at-risk behavior ; criterion referenced ; grade configuration ; intermediate school ; K-8 ; middle school. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sund, Björn. "Economic evaluation, value of life, stated preference methodology and determinants of risks." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12557.
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The first paper examines the value of a statistical life (VSL) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. We found VSL values to be higher for OHCA victims than for people who die in road traffic accidents and a lower-bound estimate of VSL for OHCA would be in the range of 20 to 30 million Swedish crowns (SEK). The second paper concerns hypothetical bias in contingent valuation (CV) studies. We investigate the link between the determinants and empirical treatment of uncertainty through certainty calibration and find that the higher the confidence of the respondents the more we can trust that stated WTP is correlated to actual WTP. The third paper investigates the performance of two communication aids (a flexible community analogy and an array of dots) in valuing mortality risk reductions for OHCA. The results do not support the prediction of expected utility theory, i.e. that WTP for a mortality risk reduction increases with the amount of risk reduction (weak scope sensitivity), for any of the communication aids. The fourth paper presents a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the effects of dual dispatch defibrillation by ambulance and fire services in the County of Stockholm. The intervention had positive economic effects, yielding a benefit-cost ratio of 36, a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of € 13 000 and the cost per saved life was € 60 000. The fifth paper explores how different response times from OHCA to defibrillation affect patients’ survival rates by using geographic information systems (GIS). The model predicted a baseline survival rate of 3.9% and reducing the ambulance response time by 1 minute increased survival to 4.6%. The sixth paper analyzes demographic determinants of incident experience and risk perception, and the relationship between the two, for eight different risk domains. Males and highly educated respondents perceive their risks lower than what is expected compared to actual incident experience.
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Hart, M. J. Alexandra. "Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and Recovery." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5294.
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This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science.
The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do.
Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process.
It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact.
The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail.
A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported.
It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact.
On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment.
The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency.
Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches.
Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology.
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Chou, Yi-Chin, and 周誼欽. "Nurses Perception, Attitudes, Behaviors and Intentions Related to Medical Incident Report." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48539689496645530218.
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碩士雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
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本研究目的探討護理人員對醫療異常通報事件之認知程度、態度、行為及意願。以台灣中部三家區域醫院護理人員為研究對象，研究工具採半結構式問卷，總計發出710份，有效問卷559份，問卷回收率為78.7％。 本研究發現：護理人員會主動通報的醫療異常事件次數最多為藥物、輸血及跌倒；護理人員不會主動通報的醫療異常事件次數最多為治安、管路及其他意外；影響通報意願最多為病人沒有明顯傷害、錯誤本身不明顯及通報後也不會有所改善。二成九的護理人員曾發生過應通報但未通報的事件；一成九的護理人員不清楚是否上過醫療異常通報相關課程。 認知構面中「醫療異常事件通報的重要性」得分最高為3.94分(滿分5分)；態度構面中「當發生醫療異常事件後，通報是必要的工作」得分最高為4.02分；行為與意願構面中「發生醫療異常事件，主管會指導我如何通報醫療異常事件」得分最高為3.76分。此外，「通報後後續處理的制度與辦法」、「通報不會受責罵」得分最低。且護理人員認為提高通報意願的措施「縮短通報時間及流程」(3.82分)，遠高於「通報獎勵」(3.25分)。年齡、護理年資、職級顯著影響認知程度；年齡顯著影響態度；年齡、護理年資顯著影響行為及意願，其中又以31－35歲的護理人員顯著高於其餘年齡