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Driver, Jonathon S. "Selective attention." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236243.
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Michel, Rachel Keyes. "Visual perception, search, and attention." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29580.
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Ricciardelli, Paola. "Gaze perception and social attention." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342292.
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Parker, Margaret Ina, and margaret_p@optusnet com au. "Landscape Painting: Connection, Perception and Attention." La Trobe University. Visual arts and design, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080225.113947.
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I investigate the lived experience, the actuality of responding to land as a painter. This thesis consists of intensive investigations in the field and further exploration in the studio, resulting in a body of paintings and drawings which form the exhibition. The exegesis explores theories and ideas surrounding the work. The psychological engagement between people, land and art is of major concern. The choice of place selected to paint and the subject matter of rocks is discussed. Painters who work outside or have painted at the same site are considered for comparison with my working methods or concerns. The selective view is intimate. The format of the image and the composition are discussed in terms of proximity and space.
Consideration of the psychology of engagement with land and landscape painting, either as an observer or painter, is a major component of the research. This examination of human psychological development illuminates the origin of our sense of self and how we relate to the land on which we live. The premise of this enquiry is the idea that art and culture could reflect human psychological development. Do art objects contribute to cultural understanding of the relationship of person to environment? A phenomenological perspective is incorporated in this exploration of the interrelation of vision, perception and attention. Can the reality of experience be transferred into the art work? The deep attention to the landscape of Australian Aboriginal people serves as a cultural reference for these investigations.
This study concludes that sentient consciousness involving responsibility for land is an open, effective way of perceiving and depicting landscape. Responsibility for land can be encouraged by the development of cultural ideas based around landscape and can be the result of feeling connected to land. Art can contribute to changes in attitudes to land.
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Alford, James Lawrence. "Decision making in perception and attention /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188883551&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-174). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Bardolf, Lynnette Bosse. "Divided attention, perception, and auditory recall." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014926.
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Parker, Margaret Ina. "Landscape painting : connection, perception and attention /." Access full text, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20080225.113947/index.html.
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Thesis (M.Visual Arts) -- La Trobe University, 2006.Research. "An exegesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Visual Arts by Research, School of Visual Arts and Design, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-92). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Bowden, Alan Mark Christopher. "Aesthetic perception, attention and aesthetic psychology." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10992/.
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What are the psychological foundations of aesthetic experience? Disagreements about how to answer this question underlie tensions between the experiences described by those in the developing field of everyday aesthetics and many art-centred accounts of aesthetic experience. I argue that neither has provided the psychological framework to support their arguments in favour of or against the extension of aesthetic experience into everyday life. Such a framework is required in order to reconcile the two fields. This thesis aims to develop an empirically informed aesthetic psychology which accommodates both everyday and paradigmatic aesthetic experience without compromising what is distinctive about each. In order to understand the oft-unacknowledged assumptions in everyday and mainstream accounts of aesthetic experience I distinguish between “broad” and “narrow” aesthetic psychology. I argue that each approach differs with respect to the necessity of attention for aesthetic experience. The narrow approach to aesthetic psychology underlies many contemporary accounts and places an “attention condition” on aesthetic experience; the broad approach underlies many accounts of everyday aesthetic experience and involves no such condition. I develop a broad psychological account of aesthetic perception as the perceptual representation of bound qualities and suggest that its minimal or “bare” form goes on in the absence of attention, whilst its “rich” form requires attention and supports characteristically appreciative activities of mind. Using contemporary empirical and philosophical work on attention and its relation to consciousness and cognition I argue that there is an attention condition on rich aesthetic perception (and aesthetic appreciation), but not on bare aesthetic perception: this establishes a broad aesthetic psychology. In this way I reconcile everyday and mainstream aesthetic experience by creating a continuum of aesthetic engagement which runs from the fleeting and unattended experiences of broad aesthetic psychology to the complex and appreciative experiences of narrow aesthetic psychology.
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Vo, Melissa. "The allocation of attention in scene perception." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-96490.
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Spence, Charles J. "Audiovisual links in attention." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264512.
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Choi, Poi-ki, and 蔡博麒. "The role of divided attention and selective attention in time perception deficit of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196502.
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Time deficit in people with ADHD has been consistently found, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether divided attention and selective attention are the causes for the deficit; and whether duration judgment performance was related to everyday temporal behaviour. 20 children with ADHD and 23 control children (mean age = 9 years 5 months) matched on age and IQ with no significant difference in working memory were tested. Experiment 1 used retrospective and prospective paradigms with arithmetic tasks. We compared time reproduction and arithmetic performances of the two groups across paradigms and found the expected interaction on the arithmetic performance but not the main effects of group or paradigm, and the interaction on time reproduction. Experiment 2 consisted of different event structures with simple motor tasks. We compared time reproduction of the two groups across structures and found the expected main effect of group and interaction effect but not main effect of structures. Furthermore, our results only provided limited support for the relationship between duration judgment and everyday temporal behaviour. The present findings suggest that aspects of attention remains promising as potential causes for time deficit in ADHD.published_or_final_version
Educational Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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DeVylder, Jordan. "Sensory gain control at fixation." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26656.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Corballis, Paul; Committee Member: Schumacher, Eric; Committee Member: Spieler, Daniel. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Marrett, Narisa E. "Effects of ageing on visual attention and perception." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/7010.
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A bilateral letter version of the spatial cueing technique introduced by Posner (1980) was employed across five experiments. Four experiments also used a perceptual cue discrimination task. In Experiment 1 the effects of ageing on visual attention and perception were examined using a simple version of the paradigm with one valid and one invalid letter (X versus T). Perceptual cue discrimination and visual orienting at both brief (150 ms) and long (500 ms) stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) were intact for both age-groups. In Experiment 2 however, when the same tasks were used but with an increase in complexity to four valid and four invalid letters, whilst both groups were able to accurately perform the Perception Task, older adults did not benefit from the cues when performing the Attention Task. Based on research supporting an increase in attentional set-size with categorisation of stimuli, Experiment 3 was conducted using vowels as the valid letters (A E I O). Older adults were able to successfully perform both tasks. This was interesting as the degree of visual/perceptual complexity between Experiment 2 and 3 was similar. In Experiment 4 the nature of participants' awareness of the cue-target contingencies was examined using the Experiment 1 Attention Task, however, implicit instructions were used and a post-experiment questionnaire was administered to probe awareness. Any cue-target learning that occurred in either age group was found to be explicit. In Experiment 5 electrophysiological methods were used to compare performance on the Attention and Perception tasks (using SOAs of zero & 700 ms) to explore further the dorsal/ventral distinction and age-related effects on it. The behavioural data showed strong effects of cue validity and high levels of accuracy for both age-groups as well as slower overall response times for the older adults. P1 amplitudes were greater on validly-cued trials for both groups on the Attention Task but the effect occurred later for younger adults. Within an early time window a strong dorsal/ventral distinction was present for both groups and this was maximal in the parietal lobe in the Attention Task, and in the temporal lobe in the Perception Task, which supported a dual-pathway model of vision.
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Kim, Jeong-Im. "Working memory, selective visual attention and hierarchical perception." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1565/.
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Previous research has shown that stimuli held in working memory can guide spatial allocation of attention, even when the stimuli are irrelevant to a subsequent search task. Responses are speeded when the content in working memory matches a target, and are slowed when the content matches a distractor (Downing, 2000; Soto, Heinke, Humphreys, & Blanco, 2005). The relevant literature reflects on whether or not this top-down process of attentional capture from working memory is an automatic mechanism where attention gets deployed without a need for voluntary effort, and on the neural process of this endogenous control working in conjunction with bottom-up exogenous factor. So far there have not been any explorations into how the working memory might influence non-spatial selection of attentional selection, whilst also testing for the automaticity of working memory. Using Navon stimuli, I explored if and how various types of items held in working memory affect the perception of visual targets non-spatially, at local and global levels in compound letters. The data show that information in working memory biases the selection of hierarchical forms whilst priming does not, that irrelevant part of memory item also influences attentional selection, that the specific type of attentional mode (distributed vs. focused) plays an important role in selection, and that it is not easy to eradicate the top-down working memory effect.
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Oh, Sei-Hwan. "Effects of attention and working memory on perception." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11161.
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xii, 55 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Selective attention refers to perceptual selection and working memory refers to the active maintenance of mental representations. Selective attention and working memory are believed to be two of the most important functions in human cognition and have been intensively investigated in cognitive psychology. However, it is quite recent that the link between attention and working memory has been systematically researched. One question that remains controversial is the effect of working memory on attentional control with inconsistent results reported in the human psychophysical literature, despite clear and strong evidence from physiological studies with nonhuman primates that working memory is the main source of top-down attentional control. The main goal of the current study is to provide a plausible solution to the puzzle of attentional control by introducing the concept of goal-specificity and competition between working memory representations. I hypothesized that the strength of the biasing effect of working memory on attention depends on the specificity of representations in working memory, and developed an experimental paradigm (the goal-specificity paradigm) to test this hypothesis using psychophysical and neuroimaging methods. One of the most important manipulations in the goal-specificity paradigm is how specifically targets in different tasks are defined. The results demonstrate that there is competition between items in working memory for attentional control that is influenced by the specificity of each representation as well as task relevancy. Also, it is shown that the effect of goal-specificity is present in both spatial and temporal domains as revealed by visual search and rapid serial visual presentation tasks. The results suggest the possibility that the negligible effect of working memory in some previous studies may be due to insufficient specificity of the objects in working memory or to the presence of other specifically-defined information in working memory. Furthermore, based on the implication from the current study that goal-specificity has a significant influence on attentional control, I expect that the experimental paradigm introduced in the current study can be utilized as an objective psychophysical measure of attentional control.
Committee in charge: Margaret Sereno, Chairperson, Psychology; Scott Frey, Member, Psychology; Michael Wehr, Member, Psychology; Richard Taylor, Outside Member, Physics
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Porporino, Mafalda. "Developmental differences in global and local perception : is global perception more attention demanding than local perception." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30796.
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The primary purpose of the present study was to examine various aspects of local and global perception in groups of children and young adults with average ages of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 22 years. The aspects examined included developmental differences in RT for local and global visual information, the influence of filtering on global and local perception, and role of distracter congruency and compatibility on processing local and global stimuli. At a general level, the findings revealed that participants processed global faster than local stimuli. With the presence of distracters, 6 and 8-year-old participants demonstrated slower RTs for global targets relative to local targets. Distracter congruency or compatibility did not differentially affect global and local processing. However, congruency did appear to be related to differential performance for 6-year old males versus females. These results indicate that the underlying processes involved in global and local perception may be separate, with global perception relying on attentional mechanisms to a greater extent than local perception.
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Hettinger, Lawrence James. "The education of attention to information specifying loss in altitude /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487331541711028.
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Sharma, Dinkar. "Effects of attention on audio-visual speech." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329379.
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Chow, Hiu-mei, and 周曉薇. "The effect of perceptual grouping on selective attention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50899946.
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Perceptual grouping plays an indispensable role on attention distribution. An example of this interaction is the impaired visual search performance when the target overlaps with a task-irrelevant salient distractor organized to a snake-like configuration by collinear bars, and when the collinear distractor is long enough (Jingling & Tseng, 2013). This phenomenon is puzzling because it is opposite to our understanding of attention capture which predicts search facilitation instead of impairment. As an attempt to fully understand the interaction between perceptual grouping and attention, the current research probed the possible neural stage of this collinear search impairment effect.
In Study 1, the distractor column of the search display was split into two eyes: one eye saw a distractor with varied length (= 1, 5, or 9 bars) while the other eye saw the rest of the distractor column. When both eyes were properly fused, observers saw a search display containing a 9-bar distractor. Observers were asked to identify the orientation of a target gap that could be overlapping or non-overlapping with the distractor. It was found that search impairment was dominated by monocular collinear distractor length.
In Study 2, a 9-bar distractor was shown to one eye of observers and strong flashing color patches were shown to the other eye (Continuous Flash Suppression) such that part of the distractor was suppressed from observers’ awareness. It was found that invisible collinear distractor parts enhanced search impairment, suggesting awareness of the distractor is not necessary for the effect.
Results from both studies converge to suggest that the effect of collinear grouping on attention is likely to be at early visual sites like V1 where monocular information but not awareness is processed. It highlights the need to incorporate perceptual grouping into current salience-based attention models.published_or_final_version
Psychology
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Yoshida, Katherine Aya. "Plasticity in infants' speech perception : a role for attention?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2730.
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Phonetic perception becomes native-like by 10 months of age. A potential mechanism of change, distributional learning, affects the perception of 6-8-month-old infants (Maye et al., 2002). However, it was anticipated that perception may be more difficult to change by 10 months of age, after native categories have developed. In fact, some evidence suggests that by this age, the presence of social interaction may be an important element in infants’ phonetic change (Kuhl et al., 2003). The current work advances the hypothesis that infants’ level of attention, which tends to be higher with social interaction, may be a salient factor facilitating phonetic change. Three experiments were designed to test infants’ phonetic plasticity at 10 months, after phonetic categories have formed. A non-social distributional learning paradigm was chosen, and infants’ attention was monitored to probe whether a facilitating role would be revealed.
In Experiment 1, 10-month-old English-learning infants heard tokens from along a continuum that is no longer discriminated at this age that formed a distribution suggestive of a category boundary (useful distinction). The results failed to reveal evidence of discrimination, suggesting that the distributional information did not have any effect. A second experiment used slightly different sound tokens, ones that are farther from the typical English pronunciation and are heard less frequently in the language environment. Infants still failed to discriminate the sounds following the learning period. However, a median split revealed that the high attending infants evinced learning. Experiment 3 increased the length of the learning phase to allow all infants to become sufficiently high attending, and revealed phonetic change. Thus, after phonetic categories have formed, attention appears to be important in learning.
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Yates, Alan J. "The role of attention and awareness in emotion perception." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496279.
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Powell, Joshua George. "Perception, attention, imagery : Samuel Beckett and the psychological experiment." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27655.
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Samuel Beckett is often thought of as an experimental writer but little critical attention has been paid to the question of what the term ‘experimental’ means when applied to Beckett’s work (and arguably literature in general). One might suggest that to call Beckett an experimental writer is to identify him as a member of the avant-garde, placing his writing in opposition to more commercially-orientated, ‘mainstream’ works of literature. Alternatively, the term might be taken to highlight Beckett’s formal innovations – his capacity to change conceptions of what literature is and does. This study, though, will specify another way in which we might understand Beckett’s writing to be experimental. Drawing on Beckett’s engagement with experimental and therapeutic psychology, the study suggests that Beckett’s works might be seen as experiments in a more scientific sense. Through readings of his later works for page, stage and screen, the chapters of this study suggest that Beckett’s writing can contribute to our knowledge of psychological concepts such as perception, attention and mental imagery. Beckett’s works, I argue, might be defined as experimental insofar as they position and stimulate human bodies in ways that allow us to better understand our complex, but partial, experiences of the world.
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Brebner, Joanne L. "Attention and person perception : the dynamics of distractor processing." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU494273.
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Categorisation, whereby people are thought of in terms of their applicable social categories (e.g., age, sex, race) is a common tactic employed by the social perceiver in order to make sense of others. Is this facet of the person perception process inevitable however? One factor which may modulate category activation is task-relevancy. To explore this issue, participants were required to categorise verbal stimuli while ignoring task-irrelevant response matching and mismatching distractors under various experimental conditions. The initial issue of interest was whether capacity limits in visual attention moderate the extraction of sex and identity cues from face and object distractors. The results revealed that perceivers could prevent identification of multiple faces and objects, but were unable to prevent categorizing both one and two faces by sex (Expts. 1 and 2). In addition, participants extracted sex cues from to-be-ignored face distractors when they were presented in a predictable spatial location (Expt. 3). Distractor repetition also failed to moderate perceivers’ ability to prevent categorizing task-irrelevant faces by sex (Expts. 4, 5 and 6). However, repetition did modulate the sex categorization of name distractors (Expt. 7), and also face identification (Expt. 8). Mismatching face flankers also continued to interfere with a sex-classification task even if they were inverted (Expt. 9). Crucially, however, perceivers were able to prevent sex category activation if hair cues were cropped from the facial distractors (Expt. 10). Extending this finding, faces displaying counter-stereotyped hairstyles (i.e., males with long hair and females with short hair) produced categorical errors, whereby the hair length and not the internal facial features drove category activation of both unfamiliar (Expt. 11), and familiar faces (Expt. 12). Provided that category specifying features are present and sufficient to trigger response competition, distractor processing therefore appears to be inevitable.
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Samuelsson, Hans. "Visuospatial neglect attention deficits and anatomical correlates /." Göteborg : Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University and Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Dept. of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39008132.html.
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Glen, Tamara. "Exploring perceptions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100611.
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The articles presented in this thesis examined issues of identification and perception of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a sample of 38 boys with ADHD and 43 comparison boys without ADHD. The boys were recruited from local schools in the Montreal area as well as through the community. In Article 1, the positive illusory bias was explored in the area of attention using two different tasks in order to improve our understanding of the self-perceptions of boys with ADHD. Some evidence for positive illusions was found in that boys with ADHD estimated performance at the same level as the comparison group despite performing significantly worse. Additionally, on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II (C-CPT-II), significantly more boys with ADHD overestimated their performance than comparison boys. However, because the majority of the boys underestimated their performance, it is suggested that in unfamiliar situations boys with ADHD do not exhibit positive illusions to the same extent as in familiar situations. In Article 2, the perceptions of ADHD reported by others were examined in relation to an objective measure of attention. Through this, the validity of the C-CPT-II was also examined. Parent and teacher ratings of boys with ADHD were compared to boys' performance on the C-CPT-II. Parents completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and teachers completed the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised (CTRS-R). While both parent and teacher ratings on the CPRS-R and the CTRS-R respectively showed significant correlations with performance, teachers' ratings had the highest correlations with the errors of the C-CPT-II. Only the externalizing total T score rating on the CBCL was correlated with performance on the C-CPT-II. Additionally, boys with ADHD performed significantly more poorly than comparison boys on the C-CPT-II. However, there was no significant difference between the performance of boys with ADHD and boys with learning disabilities or between boys with learning disabilities and comparison boys. Using discriminate function analysis, the C-CPT-II was able to correctly classify 72% of the participants into either an ADHD or comparison group. The final discussion centres on this research programme's contribution to the field.
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Poirel, Nicolas. "Traitement visuel global-local et identification chez l’enfant et l’adulte." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2033.
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Observer le monde qui nous entoure implique une focalisation de l’attention soit sur la vision d’ensemble d’une scène (traitement global) soit sur un élément particulier de cette même scène (traitement local). Navon, en 1977, a montré chez l’adulte que l’information globale était prioritaire sur le local. De plus, les informations globales interfèrent avec le traitement des informations locales. Ces deux effets sont appelés «global precedence effect» (GPE). Le travail présenté dans cette thèse consistait à déterminer l’importance du caractère signifiant des stimuli sur le GPE. Pour ce faire, nous avons élaboré des stimuli dits hiérarchisés, composés d’un niveau global et d’un niveau local. Une première étude dans laquelle les stimuli hiérarchisés pouvaient représenter des objets ou des non-objets a révélé que l’effet de précédence globale pouvait être inversé en fonction de la nature des stimuli. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons constaté que le niveau global était toujours traité plus rapidement que le niveau local, quelle que soit la nature du matériel. Nous avons également mis en évidence des effets d’interférence uniquement obtenus lorsque le matériel était identifiable. Ces résultats démontrent que le GPE met en jeu deux mécanismes distincts : d’une part des mécanismes « sensoriels » et d’autre part des mécanismes « cognitifs ». Une étude chez l’enfant de 4 à 9 ans nous a permis de placer ces résultats dans une perspective développementale. Les analyses ont mis en évidence une évolution très nette d’un traitement préférentiel local, à 4 ans, vers un traitement préférentiel global, identique à celui de l’adulte, à 9 ans. Enfin, nous soulignons dans une dernière étude que nous ne sommes pas tous égaux face à l’effet de précédence globale, en montrant que cet effet varie selon la caractéristique de dépendance à l’égard du champ perceptif. Toutes ces études soulignent l’importance chez l’Homme de recherche de signification au cours de l’activité perceptive visuelleA visual scene has different hierarchical levels of structure, from the most local elements to the largest global level of organization. To study the mechanisms that underlie global and local perception, Navon (1977) used compound stimuli, consisting of large letters composed of a suitable arrangement of small letters. In adults, two very reproducible effects were found: a global advantage and a global interference. These have been called the “global precedence effect” (GPE). This thesis aimed at studying interactions between global-local and identification processes. In a first experiment, we used compound stimuli composed of objects and non-objects. We showed that the global precedence effect could be inversed depending on the meaningfulness of the stimuli. In a second experiment we found, first, that the global level was always processed faster than the local level, irrespective of the meaningfulness of the material. Second, we found that the interference effect occurred only with meaningful stimuli. These results suggest that the GPE involves, on the one hand, “sensory mechanisms” and, on the other hand, “cognitive mechanisms”. We also studied how global and local processes evolve during childhood, according to the meaningfulness of the stimuli. We found evidence for an evolution from local preference at 4 years of age to adult-like global preference at 9 years of age. Moreover, we found that the effect of identification processes during the global-local task evolves during childhood. Finally, a forth study revealed that the way in which people deal with global and local information varies according to the inter-individual characteristic of field dependency. All these results underscore the fact that looking for meaning is crucial in the perception of visual scenes
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Wainwright, J. Ann. "The control of attention a developmental study /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0013/NQ27326.pdf.
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Chan, Ka-ho Louis, and 陳嘉豪. "Preattentive and attentive processing in visual perception and localization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085507.
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Chan, Ka-ho Louis. "Preattentive and attentive processing in visual perception and localization." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085507.
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Tucker, Andrew James. "Visual space attention in three-dimensional space." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070301.085637/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. "March 2006". Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-173).
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Richard, Christian M. "Goal-driven and stimulus-driven control of visual attention in a multiple-cue paradigm." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ46409.pdf.
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Castellanos, Irina. "Infants’ Selective Attention to Faces and Prosody of Speech: The Roles of Intersensory Redundancy and Exploratory Time." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/526.
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One of the overarching questions in the field of infant perceptual and cognitive development concerns how selective attention is organized during early development to facilitate learning. The following study examined how infants’ selective attention to properties of social events (i.e., prosody of speech and facial identity) changes in real time as a function of intersensory redundancy (redundant audiovisual, nonredundant unimodal visual) and exploratory time. Intersensory redundancy refers to the spatially coordinated and temporally synchronous occurrence of information across multiple senses. Real time macro- and micro-structural change in infants’ scanning patterns of dynamic faces was also examined.
According to the Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis, information presented redundantly and in temporal synchrony across two or more senses recruits infants’ selective attention and facilitates perceptual learning of highly salient amodal properties (properties that can be perceived across several sensory modalities such as the prosody of speech) at the expense of less salient modality specific properties. Conversely, information presented to only one sense facilitates infants’ learning of modality specific properties (properties that are specific to a particular sensory modality such as facial features) at the expense of amodal properties (Bahrick & Lickliter, 2000, 2002).
Infants’ selective attention and discrimination of prosody of speech and facial configuration was assessed in a modified visual paired comparison paradigm. In redundant audiovisual stimulation, it was predicted infants would show discrimination of prosody of speech in the early phases of exploration and facial configuration in the later phases of exploration. Conversely, in nonredundant unimodal visual stimulation, it was predicted infants would show discrimination of facial identity in the early phases of exploration and prosody of speech in the later phases of exploration. Results provided support for the first prediction and indicated that following redundant audiovisual exposure, infants showed discrimination of prosody of speech earlier in processing time than discrimination of facial identity. Data from the nonredundant unimodal visual condition provided partial support for the second prediction and indicated that infants showed discrimination of facial identity, but not prosody of speech. The dissertation study contributes to the understanding of the nature of infants’ selective attention and processing of social events across exploratory time.
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Morris, Tonia Gay. "Analog VLSI visual attention systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15010.
Full text
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Drew, Anthony Scott. "The brain, attention, and eye movements /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188872491&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-80). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Brown, Christopher Michael. "Specific effects of action video games on perception and attention." Diss., Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5352.
Full textAbstract:
Many research studies have
established that playing
action video games can
lead
to
visual
attention
and
perception
benefits
for
the
player.
This
dissertation
pioneers
the
use
of
custom
designed
video
game
levels
to
determine
if
a
single
aspect
of
action
video
game
play
has
specific
effects
on
the
player.
In
the
following
studies,
specific
aspects
of
action
video
games
can
indeed
be
isolated
and
thus
potentially
used
as
training
tools
for
targeted
perceptual
benefits.
Experiment
1
demonstrates
that
just
two
hours
of
training
in
a
custom
designed
video
game
world
that
emphasizes
friend
vs.
foe
discrimination
benefits
players’
ability
to
focus
on
relevant
visual
information,
and
leads
to
marginally
decreased
flanker
interference
and
marginally
improved
filtering
capacity.
Experiment
2
examines
the
beneficial
effects
of
dispersed
vs.
narrowly
focused
attention
in
a
second
custom
designed
video
game
world.
After
two
hours
of
game
play,
players
in
the
dispersed
attention
condition
significantly
increased
their
visual
working
memory
capacity
and
ability
to allocate
attention
to
peripheral
items.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
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Giesbrecht, Barry Lee. "Masking by object substitution, interactions between visual perception and attention." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0032/NQ46839.pdf.
Full text
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Kaidar, Iris. "The self-perception of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ53471.pdf.
Full text
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O'Donnell, Helen Louise. "Visual texture integration processes and the role of selective attention." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327345.
Full text
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Ong, Clara W. "The effects of cue size manipulations on target processing efficiency /." Connect to this title, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0004.
Full text
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Wu, Yuntai Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Global dominance in nonattended objects; the effect of attentional strategy." Ottawa, 1992.
Find full text
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Rezec, Amira A. "Effects of attention on visual motion processing /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3119178.
Full text
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Parks, Nathan A. "Attending to pictorial depth electrophysiological and behavioral evidence of visuospatial attention in apparent depth /." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04182005-105934/unrestricted/parks%5Fnathan%5Fa%5F200505%5Fmast.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Randall W. Engle, Ph.D., Committee Member ; Paul M. Corballis, Ph.D., Committee Chair ; Daniel H. Spieler, Ph.D., Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ng, Chun-hung Alexander, and 吳鎮雄. "The role of working memory in visual attention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46600309.
Full text
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Grivas, Anna. "The development of visual attention in persons with autism /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83106.
Full textAbstract:
A forced choice reaction time (RT) task was used to assess developmental changes in filtering and the related ability to narrow the focus of the attentional lens among persons with autism as compared to a group of typically developing children matched on different standardized measures. The participants included 35 persons with autism (CAs between 8.3 and 13.2 years, M = 9.8 years) and 35 typically developing children (CAs between 4.8 and 7.3 years, M = 5.9 years) between the mental ages (MA) of 5 and 8 years. The measures used for matching include the Leiter International Performance Scale - Revised (Leiter-R; Roid and Miller, 1997), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - Third Edition (PPVT-III; Dunn and Dunn, 1997), and the Expressive One Word Vocabulary Test (EOWVT; Gardner, 1990). The conditions varied with regard to the presence or absence of distractors, their proximity (none, close, and far) to a target stimulus, and the presence or absence of a visual window within which the target stimulus was presented. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Koski, Lisa Marie. "The role of frontal cortex in visual selective attention." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/NQ55350.pdf.
Full text
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Peng, Qinmu. "Visual attention: saliency detection and gaze estimation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/207.
Full textAbstract:
Visual attention is an important characteristic in the human vision system, which is capable of allocating the cognitive resources to the selected information. Many researchers are attracted to the study of this mechanism in the human vision system and have achieved a wide range of successful applications. Generally, there are two tasks encountered in the visual attention research including visual saliency detection and gaze estimation. The former is normally described as distinctiveness or prominence as a result of a visual stimulus. Given images or videos as input, saliency detection methods try to simulate the mechanism of human vision system, predicting and locating the salient parts in them. While the later involves physical device to track the eye movement and estimate the gaze points. As for saliency detection, it is an effective technique for studying and mimicking the mechanism of the human vision system. Most of saliency models can predict the visual saliency with the boundary or the rough location of the true salient object, but miss the appearance or shape information. Besides, they pay little attention to the image quality problem such as low-resolution or noises. To handle these problems, in this thesis, we propose to model the visual saliency from local and global perspectives for better detection of the visual saliency. The combination of the local and global saliency scheme employing different visual cues can make fully use of their respective advantages to compute the saliency. Compared with existing models, the proposed method can provide better saliency with more appearance and shape information, and can work well even in the low-resolution or noisy images. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Next, video saliency detection is another issue for the visual saliency computation. Numerous works have been proposed to extract the video saliency for the tasks of object detection. However, one might not be able to obtain desirable saliency for inferring the region of foreground objects when the video presents low contrast or complicated background. Thus, this thesis develops a salient object detection approach with less demanding assumption, which gives higher detection performance. The method computes the visual saliency in each frame using a weighted multiple manifold ranking algorithm. It then computes motion cues to estimate the motion saliency and localization prior. By adopting a new energy function, the data term depends on the visual saliency and localization prior; and the smoothness term depends on the constraint in time and space. Compared to existing methods, our approach automatically segments the persistent foreground object while preserving the potential shape. We apply our method to challenging benchmark videos, and show competitive or better results than the existing counterparts. Additionally, to address the problem of gaze estimation, we present a low cost and efficient approach to obtain the gaze point. As opposed to eye gaze estimation techniques requiring specific hardware, e.g. infrared high-resolution camera and infrared light sources, as well as a cumbersome calibration process. We concentrate on visible-imaging and present an approach for gaze estimation using a web camera in a desktop environment. We combine intensity energy and edge strength to locate the iris center and utilize the piecewise eye corner detector to detect the eye corner. To compensate for head movement causing gaze error, we adopt a sinusoidal head model (SHM) to simulate the 3D head shape, and propose an adaptive weighted facial features embedded in the pose from the orthography and scaling with iterations algorithm (AWPOSIT), whereby the head pose can be estimated. Consequently, the gaze estimation is obtained by the integration of the eye vector and head movement information. The proposed method is not sensitive to the light conditions, and the experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed approach
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Heron, James, N. W. Roach, David J. Whitaker, and James Vincent Michael Hanson. "Attention regulates the plasticity of multisensory timing." Wiley, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4548.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence suggests that human time perception is likely to reflect an ensemble of recent temporal experience. For example, prolonged exposure to consistent temporal patterns can adaptively realign the perception of event order, both within and between sensory modalities (e.g. Fujisaki et al., 2004 Nat. Neurosci., 7, 773-778). In addition, the observation that 'a watched pot never boils' serves to illustrate the fact that dynamic shifts in our attentional state can also produce marked distortions in our temporal estimates. In the current study we provide evidence for a hitherto unknown link between adaptation, temporal perception and our attentional state. We show that our ability to use recent sensory history as a perceptual baseline for ongoing temporal judgments is subject to striking top-down modulation via shifts in the observer's selective attention. Specifically, attending to the temporal structure of asynchronous auditory and visual adapting stimuli generates a substantial increase in the temporal recalibration induced by these stimuli. We propose a conceptual framework accounting for our findings whereby attention modulates the perceived salience of temporal patterns. This heightened salience allows the formation of audiovisual perceptual 'objects', defined solely by their temporal structure. Repeated exposure to these objects induces high-level pattern adaptation effects, akin to those found in visual and auditory domains (e.g. Leopold & Bondar (2005) Fitting the Mind to the World: Adaptation and Aftereffects in High-Level Vision. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 189-211; Schweinberger et al. (2008) Curr. Biol., 18, 684-688).Wellcome Trust, College of Optometrists
48
LaPoint, Molly R. "The Effect of Shape Familiarity on Object-Based Attention." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3062.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Sean MacEvoyHumans can pay attention both to particular locations in space (“space-based attention”) and to specific objects (“object-based attention”). The goal of this study was to understand the role of object familiarity and complexity in the control of object-based attention. We used a well-known manifestation of object-based attention known as same-object advantage (SOA) to test this. In SOA, participants are faster at detecting a target event that takes place in a cued object than one that takes place in an uncued object, even when the distance between cue and target is kept fixed. To control shape familiarity, objects in the current study were randomly-generated irregular polygons known as Attneave shapes. Experiment 1 showed that SOA exists for these irregular shapes, even when participants are unfamiliar with them. In Experiment 2, participants first underwent training designed to familiarize them with a subset of the Attneave shapes used in Experiment 1. Again there was a significant SOA. If object-based attention is dependent upon object familiarity, we hypothesized that SOA, measured in terms of reaction time, should be greater in Experiment 2 than Experiment 1. Although there was a numerical increase in the reaction time signature of SOA in Experiment 2, this effect was not significant. While this does not strictly support our hypothesis, several aspects of this study suggest that object familiarity does play some role in mediating object-based attention
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology Honors Program
Discipline: Psychology
49
Saygın, Ayşe Pınar. "Embodied perception : neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of language, vision, and attention." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3181787.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 21, 2005). Available online via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
50
Griffiths, Philip. "Investigating perception and attention to emotional expressions in the autism spectrum." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665429.
Full textAbstract:
Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is a lifelong developmental condition. Along with restricted interests and deficits in social imagination, people with ASC have difficulty understanding the social world. Evidence suggests that ASC individuals have difficulty understanding the emotional expressions of others, particularly when these expressions have negative valence. It is suggested that ASC is not a discrete phenomenon. Instead research has shown that traits associated with autism are seen in varying levels throughout the general population. It is believed that ASC is a spectrum, with those who have the most difficulty obtaining a diagnosis. The traits of autism present in the general population are seen to be qualitatively similar to those seen in ASC. It is therefore suggested that the ASC can be explored and further understood by assessing people in the Wider Autism Spectrum (WAS) of ASC-traits who do not hold a diagnosis. This research contributes to the understanding of the WAS and how ASC-traits manifest in the general population. Additionally, the differences between ASC and the WAS can be assessed by comparing the performance of people with a diagnosis to those in the WAS who have high ASC-traits. Through understanding the differences between these populations we are better able to understand what drives the clinical impairments associated with ASC. The current thesis assesses facial emotion processing in people with ASC and those in the WAS in order to understand the differences and similarities that exist. This was conducted using several cognitive tasks that assess the underlying brain mechanisms associated with facial emotion processing. Directed by the social motivation theory of autism, the current work used visual adaptation paradigms to assess how the brain represents emotional expression information in those with ASC and people with high and low ASC-traits. Additionally, the dot-probe paradigm was employed to explore attentional orienting for emotional expressions in ASC and the WAS. Results found that WAS participants with high ASC-traits do not represent negative emotional expressions in the same way as those with fewer ASC-traits. When assessing attention mechanisms those with high autism-traits were more likely to bias attention towards emotional expression information. Results suggests that WAS individuals with high ASC-traits process emotional faces differently from their low ASC-trait counterparts and also have a different way of selecting which emotions to attend to in their environment. People with ASC had deficits in mental representation of emotional expression but did not show the same pattern of attention to emotional expressions seen in high ASC-trait WAS individuals. These results do not suggest the autism spectrum is linear. Results are discussed suggesting that those with high traits of autism have a profile of behaviour that cannot be explained by the social motivation theory whereas ASC results do follow predictions this theory makes.