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1
Kocak, Ozge. "Risk Taking Behaviors Among Turkish University Students: Perceived Risk, Perceived Benefit, And Impulsivity." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612568/index.pdf.
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The aims of the current study are to examine the relation of risk taking behaviors (RTBs) with perceived risk, perceived benefit, and impulsivity and also to investigate the moderator role of impulsivity on the relationships between engagement in RTBs and the predictors of the engagement in RTBs (i.e. perceived risk and benefit) after controlling the effects of age, gender, and self esteem. In order to measure engagement in RTBs, perceived risk, and perceived benefit, Modified Risk Involvement and Perception Scale (Özmen, 2006) was adapted to Turkish culture in Study 1 by using Middle East Technical University (METU) students. The sample of Study 2 was composed of 234 METU students and a questionnaire set including demographic information sheet, Modified Risk Involvement and Perception Scale (M-RIPS) (Ö
zmen, 2006), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11) (Gü
leç
et al., 2008), and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) (Rosenberg, 1965) was administered. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was conducted with perceived risk, perceived benefit, and impulsivity as independent variables and engagement in RTBs as the dependent variable. The findings suggested that perceived risk was negatively whereas perceived benefit and impulsivity was positively related to risk taking behaviors. Moreover, as compared to perceived risk, perceived benefit was a more powerful predictor of RTB. However, it was not found any moderator role of impulsivity on the relationships between engagement in RTBs and its predictors. The strengths and limitations, as well as implications of the findings were discussed.
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Boksberger, Philipp. "Perceived risk as a determinant of perceived value of services /." St. Gallen : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/51110717X.pdf.
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Shakeri, Shadi. "Modeling Information Seeking Under Perceived Risk." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404510/.
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Information seeking and information avoidance are the mechanisms humans natural used for coping with uncertainties and adapting to environmental stressors. Uncertainties are rooted in knowledge gaps. In social sciences, the relationship between knowledge gaps and perceived risk have received little attention. A review of the information science literature suggests that few studies have been devoted to the investigation of the role of this relationship in motivating information-seeking behavior. As an effort to address the lack of theory building in the field of information science, this study attempts to construct a model of information seeking under risk (MISR) by examining the relationships among perceived risk, knowledge gap, fear arousal, risk propensity, personal relevance, and deprivation and interest curiosity as antecedents to motivation to seek information. An experimental approach and a scenario-based survey method are employed to design the study. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was conducted to test the relationships in the proposed model. Perceived risk was found to be a highly significant predictor of information seeking in moderately high-risk situations. Similarly, personal relevant has a significant negative effect on perceived risk and its interaction with knowledge gap motivates information seeking.
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McCarthy, Mary Brigid. "Perceived risk and risk reduction strategies : the Irish beef customer." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402605.
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Glover, Steven Charles. "The influence of risk-reducing information technology tools on e-commerce transaction perceived risk." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2362.
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This research addressed the question of how information technology (IT) tools influence the perceived risk of consumers in e-commerce transactions in three phases. First, an exposure-driven model of e-commerce transaction perceived risk was developed and tested, providing a theoretical and conceptual basis for this research. Nine salient risk beliefs were modeled as formative dimensions of three risk belief categories based on prior perceived risk research: information misuse risk, performance risk, and functionality inefficiency risk. The model was tested in an online survey of 565 internet users. The results support the proposed construct of e-commerce transaction perceived risk, modeled as formed by the three proposed risk categories, validating the measurement model and finding that the construct was associated as expected with accepted e-commerce constructs in a nomological network.
In the second phase, this model was used to examine the ways in which IT tools influence those beliefs. Participants were asked to observe an example of one risk-reducing IT tool (RRIT) and to indicate their willingness to use the tool for reducing the probability of each risk category and risk dimension. This research confirmed that consumers do perceive RRIT as being useful in reducing the probabilities of risk categories, compared to their willingness to adopt a control IT tool or other RRIT for that purpose.
The final phase of this research investigates the adoption and influence of RRIT. Participants were shown an example RRIT and were asked to compare a store providing the tool to an identical website that did not provide the tool. This research supported hypotheses that perceived improvements in the probability of one or more of the risk dimensions when an RRIT is provided would lead to an intention to adopt the RRIT, and that the intention to adopt the RRIT would be associated with an improvement in attitude toward buying from a web retailer and the subsequent improvement in intention to buy from a web retailer.
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Harbeck, Emma. "Young novice drivers' perceived risk, risky driving engagement and hazard perception." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/375754.
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Internationally, young novice drivers (aged 17-25 years) are often overrepresented in road-related crash injury and fatality statistics. Compared with older, more experienced drivers, prominent contributors to young driver crash-risk is their lower perceived risk, higher engagement in risky driving behaviours (e.g., speeding), and poorer hazard perception skills. This thesis describes seven studies conducted to address three research aims.
The first aim was to model and examine three psychological theories of personality, social–cognitive, and social-learning, to propose a new conceptual framework that explores how young novice drivers perceive driving risk, and whether they choose to engage or not in risky driving behaviours. In studies 1-4, using a sample of 643 young novice drivers (490 females) who held an Australian driver’s licence (Provisional-1, Provisional-2, or Open), models of: i) reinforcement sensitivity, ii) protection motivation, and iii) prototype willingness, were examined. From these models, factors of reward sensitivity, coping appraisal, threat appraisal, driver prototypes, and behavioural willingness predicted young driver perecived risk, and reported risky driving engagement.
The second aim was to examine whether a developed and piloted brief hazard perception training session can improve Provisional-1 drivers (aged 17-25years) overall hazard perception knowledge, identification, response and handling to road user related driving hazards using a driving simulator. Educational, passive and active training methods incorporating a number of established behavioural change techniques were employed, while elements of process and product evaluation were undertaken. Also examined was whether any training group differences persisted at 2-3 week follow-up. In Study 5 a sample of 23 drivers (n=7 Provisional-1, n=7 Provisional-2, and n=9 Open licence) piloted and validated the training methods and hazard perception outcome measures. In Study 6, a brief training session was implemented with a sample of 52 (18 male) Provisional-1 licence drivers aged 17-25 years. Participants were equally randomised to four training conditions (pamphlet, passive, active, and no-training). Participants who received training significantly outperformed the no-training participants in hazard perception identification, response, and handling of hazards, in the simulator hazard perception test. When assessed again at a follow-up session (n=40), support was found for participants who received training that was higher in interactivity (passive and active training) outperforming the no-training participants and participants who only received an educational pamphlet in the hazard perception tests (static and simulator).
The third aim was to evaluate whether the brief hazard perception training session’s key objectives were met using feedback from participants who completed the training session, and to identify whether factors identified from the new conceptual model (research aim 1) were associated with hazard perception performance. Study 7 evaluated the training session using feedback from drivers who participated in study 5 (N=52), and explored initial associations between protection motivation theory and the prototype willingness model for perceived risk, reported risky driving engagement, and hazard perception. This approach sought to expand the literature by examining factors associated with these three prominent young driver crash risk models to better adjust and address such factors in future training programs targeting safety outcomes. While potential correlates of hazard knowledge were examined, only three were found to share significant relationships: coping appraisal, previous traffic violations, and risky driver prototype similarity. From participant feedback, three key areas of learning were identified by participants: increased knowledge, awareness of new hazards, and greater awareness of driving laws and rules. A majority of participants in the training conditions also indicated that after the training session their understanding of driving hazard perception and driving related hazards had improved. Across training conditions, 91.5% (n=43) of participants who completed the evaluation measure indicated that they would recommend the session for other Provisional-1 drivers.
Examining potential underlying influences for why young drivers are overrepresented in international injury and death tolls is important for road safety research and practice (e.g., driver-oriented interventions). Highlighted in this thesis are factors from the conceptual models that could be amenable to change in influencing young driver decision-making, perceived risk, and risky driving engagement, in addition to a brief training session that showed evidence of hazard perception improvement. These results may contribute to improved road safety initiatives, preventive strategies and interventions that focus on this vulnerable driver demographic.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Jeffers, Akele. "Perceived Risk for HIV among High Risk Individuals: A Comparison of Adolescents and Adults." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/230.
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The United States continues to be affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and now public health is faced with new challenges in mitigating the spread of the disease. African-Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV and a further understanding about the factors that influence high risk sexual behaviors needs to be continuously examined. The aim of this study was to understand and compare the the perception of HIV risk and factors associated with risk perception in high risk adult and adolescent groups. After multivariate analysis, having multiple partners was the only predictor of an increased risk perception among adults. Among adolescents, no significant relationship was found between HIV risk indicators and having an increased HIV risk perception. Both adults and adolescents appeared to underestimate their HIV risk based on their reported risk sexual behaviors. More work is necessary to help adolescents accurately assess their risk of infection.
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Walpole, Hugh David. "Re-Perceiving Perceived Risk: Examining the Psychological Structure of Risk Perception." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu157469610850242.
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Keown, Leslie-Anne. "Perceived risk of victimization, a Canadian perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65036.pdf.
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Loescher, Lois Jane. "Perceived risk of inherited susceptibility to cancer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290223.
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Perceived risk of inherited susceptibility to cancer (ISC) historically has been determined by objective measures, which neither emphasize how people with ISC perceive their risk of cancer, nor address the meaning of being at risk. The few studies of perceived risk of ISC provide sparse data regarding the process of perceived risk. Knowledge of this process is important because perceived risk may affect how people act to reduce their cancer risk. This study tested the investigator-developed perceived risk of ISC (PRISC) model to learn about this process. The PRISC model, a latent variable (LV) model, is based on existing literature and a preliminary phenomenological study of women at high risk for breast cancer. LVs (Awareness, Perceived Risk, Fear, Support, and Action) in the PRISC model cannot be measured directly, rather, the score of the LVs is inferred through measurements of associated indicator variables. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to: (a) estimate psychometric properties of instruments used to measure PRISC model indicator variables; (b) test the fit of the PRISC model with instrument-generated data; and (c) examine relationships among the LVs. The sample of 200 women had no cancer history and met established criteria for hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. Participants completed 12 self-report instruments. Analysis of instruments included descriptive statistics, estimates of internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis. Testing of the PRISC model used structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. Psychometric analysis indicated eight instruments had acceptable standardized alpha coefficients of at least .70. Items in most scales loaded on one factor. SEM resulted in two models: one fit acceptably with the data but did not support relationships between LVs Awareness and Perceived Risk and Perceived Risk and Support. Respecification of the model (deleting Perceived Risk) resulted in poor fit with the data, but significant correlations between Awareness and Fear, Fear and Action, and Support and Action. Instability of the PRISC model indicated the need for theory-driven respecification and reconsideration of some instruments for future analysis. Although instability precludes generalization of findings, the model suggests that fear and support may positively predict action to reduce cancer risk.
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Hughes, Laura Elizabeth. "The Influence of Multiple Risk Factors on WMSD Risk and Evaluation of Measurement Methods Used to Assess Risks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27015.
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Despite high prevalence rates of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), the causes and pathways of WMSD development are not fully understood. Multiple factors (physical, psychosocial, and individual) have been associated with WMSD development, but causal inferences are not available due to lack of experimental designs. Because the responses, validity, and reliability of measured outcomes under multiple-exposure environments are not known, the current work analyzed the effects of multiple WMSD risk factors on several measurement methods.
Forty-eight participants completed four trials of simulated manufacturing work at different levels of physical and psychosocial exposure for one psychosocial dimension (job control, job demands, time pressure, or social support). The three independent variables significantly affected outcomes, including muscle activity, heart rate, task performance, discomfort and workload ratings, and psychosocial environment perceptions. Social interaction should take priority over working in isolation, and pressure to achieve high performance should be minimized to reduce WMSD risk.
A secondary data analysis determined measurements that could estimate WMSD risk efficiently. Convergent and discriminant validity was assessed to retain methods that provided unique information and minimized overlap between similar methods. For the given manufacturing environment, one muscle activity measure, heart rate mean and variability, one set of workload and discomfort ratings, and a psychosocial questionnaire were the best WMSD risk measurement methods.
The third study assessed the test-retest reliability of the outcome measures of an additional trial involving 24 participants. Workload and discomfort appeared reliable under high levels of physical exposure but not under psychosocial manipulations. Physiological measures were reliable for <50% of parameters. The psychosocial questionnaire was reliable under favorable social support but not high physical exposure and favorable job control.
The final study determined the number of psychosocial factors experienced through factor analysis on psychosocial questionnaire responses from the main experiment. Participants could distinguish psychosocial dimensions in the work environment, and this questionnaire may be used in experimental settings to measure perceptions of the psychosocial environment.
The current research provided a basis for measuring physical and psychosocial exposure simultaneously in occupational settings. Using this knowledge may allow practitioners to focus on interventions and designs that reduce WMSD risk exposure.Ph. D.
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Haynes, Melissa R. "Perceived risk of homeland security incidents: The insignificance of actual risk factors." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/808.
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Contingency theory, with regard to risk of homeland security incidents and homeland security preparedness, has received considerable empirical support. In past research, risk has been measured subjectively as agency executives' perceived risk of specific homeland security incidents occurring within their jurisdictions. This study examines actual risk, using the objective risk factors of experience with past natural hazards, social vulnerability, and urbanization. These risk factors, used in combination, have been significantly associated with terrorism-related homeland security incidents in the United States, and are used in risk assessment models of natural hazards. Contrary to expectations, the results of this study indicate that objective risk factors were not associated with either perceived risk or preparedness. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Varghese, Smitha Elzebeth. ""Ancicipatory batch insertion" to mitigate perceived processing risk." Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo, 2004. http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/svarghes2004.pdf.
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Thesis (MASc)--University of Waterloo, 2004."A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Management Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.
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Varghese, Smitha. "Anticipatory Batch Insertion To Mitigate Perceived Processing Risk." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/936.
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The literature reviewed on lot-sizing models with random yields is limited to certain random occurrences such as day to day administrative errors, minor machine repairs and random supply due to faulty delivery of parts. In reality however, the manufacturing industry faces other risks that are non random in nature. One example would be yield discrepancies caused by non random triggers such as a change in the production process, product or material. Yield uncertainties of these types are temporary in nature and usually pertain until the system stabilizes. One way of reducing the implications of such events is to have additional batches processed earlier in the production that can absorb the risk associated with the event. In this thesis, this particular approach is referred to as the anticipatory batch insertion to mitigate perceived risk.
This thesis presents an exploratory study to analyze the performance of batch insertion under various scenarios. The scenarios are determined by sensitivity of products, schedule characteristics and magnitude of risks associated with causal triggers such as a process change. The results indicate that the highest return from batch insertion can be expected when there are slightly loose production schedules, high volumes of sensitive products are produced, there are high costs associated with the risks, and the risks can be predicted with some degree of certainty.
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Hayashi, Satomi. "Perceived Risk for Cardiovascular Disease among Japanese Adults." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145468.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary artery disease and stroke is a significant health problem in Japan regardless of well established health care and insurance system and various public campaigns and exhibitions in the contemporary Japanese society. Higher and increasing prevalence and incidence of well-known risk factor of CVD may contribute to increasing mortality and morbidity of CVD in the future. However, limited knowledge was available for understanding perceptions of risk for CVD among Japanese adults. This grounded theory study aimed to explore social psychological process in perception of risk for CVD among Japanese adults.There were a total of 26 individuals participated in this study. Participants consisted of 19 Japanese adults with at least one CVD risk factor and 7 Japanese health care providers residing or working in which a consistently high mortality rate of CVD in both men and women.The theory grounded from the data was a process to avoid serious physical, emotional, social, and financial suffering as a consequence of developing CVD or of leaving it untreated and a process to maintain a good relationship with risk for CVD among Japanese adults with CVD risk factors. This grounded theory was consisted of the central concept of perceived risk for CVD, which defined as fear, threats, sorrow, worries, and/or anxiety for possible adverse impacts on their life living with their family and suffering for loss of independence and quality of life consequent upon CVD. This central concept was followed by actions to avoid these adverse and excruciating consequences of CVD including changing behavior, taking measures to manage CVD risk, and continually evaluating their condition. Factors contributed to perception of risk for CVD among Japanese adults were seriousness and severity of consequences of CVD, susceptibility, proneness, and possibility to develop CVD, and Japanese specific contextual factors.This study may contribute to appropriately addressing perception of risk for CVD and behavior change among Japanese adults with risk factors for CVD within the unique social, cultural context of Japan. The results of this study could apply to better nursing practice for CVD risk management and health promotion in Japan.
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Szabo, Miller Ashley Jenette. "Perceived Risk for Concussions in College Football Players." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1374014349.
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Nisa, Claudia F., Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Daiane G. Faller, Nicholas R. Buttrick, Jochen O. Mierau, Maura M. K. Austin, Birga M. Schumpe, et al. "Lives versus Livelihoods? Perceived economic risk has a stronger association with support for COVID-19 preventive measures than perceived health risk." Nature Research, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657340.
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This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N = 25,435). The main predictors were (1) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (2) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (3) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support—and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk were identified—both positive.New York University Abu Dhabi
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Haught, Heather M. "Perceived Risk and Expected Benefits Impact Social Class Differences in Health Risk Behavior." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430067942.
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Fernandes, Ralston Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "A systematic investigation of relevant predictors, moderations and mediations for intention to speed, drink-drive, drive while fatigued, and not wear a seat belt, amongst young NSW drivers." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42933.
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Road trauma is recognized as a major public health problem worldwide (particularly for younger drivers), and risky driving has been identified as an important contributor to road crashes. It is often assumed that similar factors influence all risky driving behaviours, although direct and systematic examination of the differences between risky driving behaviours in terms of precipitating factors is lacking. The present thesis sought to undertake a systematic investigation of relevant factors in the prediction of four key risky driving behaviours (speeding, drink-driving, driving while fatigued, and not wearing seat belts). Four versions of a Risky Driving Questionnaire were developed to assess beliefs, personality factors and behavioural intentions, in relation to each of the four behaviours. Four versions of the Implicit Association Test were developed to assess attitudes toward each of the four behaviours, without reliance on self-report (in terms of the relative strength of pairs of associations). Data were collected from a student sample (N=215: Study 1), as well as urban (N=587) and rural (N=422) general population samples (Study 2), and regression models were examined for each of the four behaviours, with interaction terms to assess moderations involving perceived risk. Mediations involving gender were also assessed. Results indicate that different risky driving behaviours are predicted by different factors. For example, in the urban sample, speeding was predicted by driver anger and illusory invulnerability, drink driving was predicted by peer influence, driving while fatigued was predicted by the perceived benefits of not driving while fatigued, and not wearing seat belts was predicted by the (sensation seeking x illusory invulnerability) interaction. Results also suggest that different predictors of risky driving behaviours are relevant for different driver populations. For example, speeding was predicted by authority rebellion in the urban sample, and by sensation seeking in the rural sample. Observed moderations of perceived risk suggest that relationships between perceived risk and risky driving may differ for males versus females, and for low versus high sensation seekers. Findings suggest that future road safety interventions should be based on research of the determinants of individual risky driving behaviours, and in specific driver populations.
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Hawkins, Kristina Jean. "Perceived Risk of Victimization: Individual and Contextual Effects Revisited." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04282006-104254/.
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The purpose of the current analysis is to look at both individual and contextual predictors of perceived risk of victimization. Specifically, the present work builds directly on the contributions of Rountree and Land (1996) and goes beyond their work in several ways. The current work includes additional census tract measures and redefines a key concept index. Drawing upon routine activity theory, social disorganization theory, and social disorder theory, the current analysis includes individual, neighborhood, and census tract level predictors of perceived risk. Data collected on neighborhood characteristics and crime rates in Seattle, Washington in 1990 are used. Using a multi-stage sampling design, 5,302 individuals were surveyed. Multinomial logistic regression is used in this analysis. General support is found for routine activity theory, social disorganization theory, and social disorder theory. Most notable, however, support is found for including census tract level measures. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Elpi, Clara Maria. "Actual Versus Perceived Risk of Victimization and Handgun Ownership." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32460.
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This study tested the hypotheses that perceived risk of victimization had a stronger effect than actual exposure to victimization risk on handgun ownership and that this relationship was stronger for women than men. Perceived and actual risks of victimization have been discussed with respect to handgun ownership, but a general consensus in the literature was lacking and recent empirical research was scarce. Crime rates and respondentsâ social characteristics were used as proxy measures for victimization risk, while fear of crime measured perceived risk of victimization. Three sets of models were estimated, the first with a pooled sample of men and women, the second and third on samples separated by gender. Binary logistic regression was utilized to compare the predictive power of these two major correlates of handgun ownership and observe how their effects varied by gender. Data were drawn from the National Opinion for Research Centerâ s (NORC) Cumulative General Social Surveys (GSS) for the years 1986 through 2008. Predictors of victimization risk, especially gender and regional crime rate, had strong effects on handgun possession, while perceived risk had no effect on handgun possession. Results also demonstrated that while women were more likely to fear crime, they were not necessarily more or less likely than men to obtain handguns in response to that fear.Master of Science
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Rehm, Lorraine Marie. "The perceived value of reading among at-risk students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1167.
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It is critical that low socioeconomic families promote the value and worth of reading as a tool for lifelong learning. The significance of this study is to determine the relationship between reading ability and the value placed on reading by at-risk students.
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O'Neill, Christina. "Recreational drug use : a risky business : an ethnographic account of perceived and experienced risk." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602780.
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Much of the existing literature on drug related risk focuses on problem drug use, placing emphasis on the range of health, legal and social harms which are often associated with such behaviour. The present study investigates perceptions and experiences of risk among a sample of self-reported "recreational" drug users in Northern Ireland. The overall aim of the research was to gain insight into the lived experience of recreational drug users, paying particular attention to risk perception and risk behaviour, as well as the myriad of environmental forces which interact to reduce or reproduce drug related risk. At a theoretical level, the study examines Rhodes' Risk Environment approach (2002, 2009; Rhodes et al., 2003) in the context of recreational patterns of drug use. To date, Rhodes' framework has been limited to studies of risk associated with problem drug misuse, Le., injecting drug use. The research utilised an ethnographic approach and findings draw on data from more than 60 in-depth interviews and approximately 70 observation sessions recorded between 2007 and 2012. A total of 45 self-reported recreational drug users, aged 18 years or more, participated in at least one of four research phases. The final phase of the research included respondents from rural (n=20) and urban (n=15) areas in Northern Ireland. Key findings highlight the role of environmental forces at micro, meso and macro-levels, in shaping risk perception and risk behaviour. These forces interact to reduce or reproduce drug related harm. Three types of risk were identified in relation to recreational patterns of drug consumption: health risk, legal risk and social risk. The study discusses these risks and the strategies that respondents adopt t9 manage risk. Findings demonstrate the subjective nature of risk perception and highlight significant disparities between lay and expert discourses on drug related risk. The thesis concludes with a discussion of implications for drug research and policy.
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Selvaratnam, Ratnajothy Maharajendra. "Accounting numbers and the perceived risk class of Hong Kong companies /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B16573122.
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Sulaiman, Zuraidah. "Perceived recourse and redress risk (PRRR): conceptualisation and preliminary scale development." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10512.
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Prior to purchase, consumers expect that retailers are able to handle their complaints and resolve problems effectively. However, consumers’ efforts in seeking proper recourse and redress often end in frustration. This has given rise to consumers’ perceived lack of effective and efficient complaint management systems, creating a barrier to purchasing – this is termed “Perceived Recourse and Redress Risk” (PRRR). This research posited that existing purchase risk dimensions – performance, financial, privacy, physical, psychological, social, time, and convenience risks – do not adequately capture consumers’ PRRR as a barrier to purchase, and formal scales for measuring constructs that are directly central to recourse and redress failures do not exist. This research discovered the types of risk related to consumers’ PRRR and investigated the potentially risky purchase contexts that influence the salience of PRRR. New items were developed to measure these aspects of perceived risk. From the experiments, consumers perceived a higher level of PRRR when they used an interactive complaint channel compared to when they used a remote complaint channel to seek redress; a higher PRRR for online purchases compared to offline purchases; and a higher PRRR for purchases that involved a foreign retailer compared to purchases from a locally owned retailer. Purchase platform and consumers’ level of ethnocentrism did not moderate the impact of both complaint channel and retailer’s country of origin on consumers’ level of PRRR. Dimensions of PRRR such as “Unreturned”, “Transferred”, “Inaction”, and “No Action due to Policy” showed more consistent significant effects than other dimensions such as “Invalid”, “Rudeness”, “Extended Delay”, and “Incompetence”. This research shed light on effective complaint management systems and suggests that certain changes in the way complaints are handled could result in different and more desirable consumer behaviours, so affecting consumer loyalty.
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Selvaratnam, Ratnajothy Maharajendra. "Accounting numbers and the perceived risk class of Hong Kongcompanies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123527X.
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Hsueh, Chan, and 薛湛. "Luxury Brand, perceived value, perceived risk, purchase intention." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16511092891907026733.
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碩士大同大學
事業經營學系(所)
96
This study intends to understand how perceptions of luxury brand created by the atmosphere of luxury drive customer to buy the products of luxury brand. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS 6.0 to evaluate the effects of luxury brand perceptions on customer purchase intentions through perceived risk and perceived value. The result shows that perceived quality of luxury brand increased purchase intentions through consumers’ perceived value. Among the dimensions of the perceived luxury brand, the conspicuous and unique dimensions do not positively affect customer’s purchase intentions as proposed hypotheses posited. The result shows that conspicuous and unique dimensions have the reverse effect on perceived value and then, which, reduces the purchase intentions of the luxury goods.
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Tsao, Mai-Ling, and 曹美玲. "Effects of Medical Risk Communication on Perceived Risk." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05295906280755741748.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
風險管理與保險所
90
Risk communication has become an important tool in medical service environment.There are significant relealance between medical perception risk acceptability.To understand the domestic medical perception risk concept would be benetical to medical risk manegement. Questionnaires adapted from literatures were used to study consumer whose frequencies of received medical risk communication, the perception and attitude of medical risk. To send questionnaires focus on three hundred residents, who are over twenty years old living in Kaohsiung region. These questions were designed for intuitive analyses to study the effect of breadth and relationship including medical risk communication and medical perception risk, respondents’ attitude toward and other risk factors. Data collected for this study were analyzed with the Chi-square test using the SPSS program. Our results show significantly related to medium source and social risk of the source of medical risk communication information, the rest has not related. Between in education information and perception risk contents has significant related, the rest has partial related. Our results also show that consumer had significant differences in gender, age, education level, marital status, household income, medical experience etc. Although this thesis only investigate Kaohsiung region, the result Results from this case study imply that the public obviously lack knowledge of medical risk information, and suggest that government and folk group enhanced send medical risk information contents. Bring up the ability of medical risk rationality communication of compatriot. To avoid medical dispute comes up.
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"The Effect of risk relievers on perceived risk." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886924.
Full textAbstract:
by Yeung See Ming Kevin.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Bibliography: leaves 96-99.
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi
Chapter
Chapter I. --- THE PROBLEM SETTING --- p.1
Introduction --- p.1
Research Objectives --- p.3
Research Objective I --- p.4
Research Objective II --- p.4
Research Objective III --- p.5
Organization of the Report --- p.5
Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7
Perceived Risk in Consumer Behavior --- p.7
Types of Risk --- p.14
Risk Relievers --- p.18
Chapter III. --- SCOPE OF STUDY --- p.22
Risk Concept --- p.22
Types of Risk --- p.23
Risk Relievers --- p.24
Personal Characteristics --- p.25
Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY - PHASE I QUALITATIVE RESEARCH --- p.26
Literature Review --- p.26
Focus Group Interviews --- p.27
Purpose --- p.27
Method of Execution --- p.27
Chapter V. --- FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH --- p.29
Products Mentioned --- p.29
Reasons Provided --- p.31
Consequences of Wrong Decision --- p.32
Ranking of Risks --- p.32
Risk Relievers --- p.33
Implications --- p.34
Risk Types to be Studied --- p.35
Risk Relievers --- p.35
Product Selection --- p.36
Chapter V. --- SUMMARY OF HYPOTHESES --- p.37
Chapter VI. --- METHODOLOGY - PHASE II QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH --- p.41
Purpose --- p.41
Questionnaire Design --- p.41
Definition of Terms --- p.42
Measurement --- p.45
Mode of Execution --- p.46
Validity Concern --- p.47
Data Analysis --- p.48
Chapter VII. --- FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH --- p.50
Hypothesis One --- p.51
Hypothesis Two --- p.54
Hypothesis Three --- p.57
Hypothesis Four --- p.58
Hypothesis Five --- p.59
Hypothesis Six --- p.65
Hypothesis Seven --- p.71
Summary --- p.73
Chapter VIII --- .RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.75
For All Manufacturers --- p.75
For Computer Manufacturers --- p.77
Chapter IX. --- LIMITATIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH --- p.80
Limitations --- p.80
Further Research --- p.82
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.96
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Fluker, Martin. "Perceived risk in adventure tourism." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1480/.
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While the phenomenon of risk is something that people generally try to minimise in their lives, the concept of adventure tourism presents an interesting set of circumstances in that tourists actually seek, or at the very least accept, the risk of sustaining physical injury during the adventure tourism experience. This makes adventure tourism unique when compared to all other types of tourism. In order to explore and add value to this difference, the aims of this study are to determine the importance of experiencing risk in choosing to participate in different adventure tourism activities, to understand the motivations, levels of satisfaction, and post-activity intentions of adventure tourists, so that specific marketing strategies may be developed. A total of 612 people were surveyed both before and after taking part in three different adventure tourism activities (whitewater rafting, bungy jumping, and sailing). It was found that prior experience in the given activity did not present itself as a factor that lowered risk as a motivation, that no motivational differences existed between nationalities, and that varying levels of inferred satisfaction are present. Marketing strategies for each of the activities, based on multivariate motivations, are recommended.
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Fluker, Martin. "Perceived risk in adventure tourism." 2005. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/1480/1/Fluker.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
While the phenomenon of risk is something that people generally try to minimise in their lives, the concept of adventure tourism presents an interesting set of circumstances in that tourists actually seek, or at the very least accept, the risk of sustaining physical injury during the adventure tourism experience. This makes adventure tourism unique when compared to all other types of tourism. In order to explore and add value to this difference, the aims of this study are to determine the importance of experiencing risk in choosing to participate in different adventure tourism activities, to understand the motivations, levels of satisfaction, and post-activity intentions of adventure tourists, so that specific marketing strategies may be developed. A total of 612 people were surveyed both before and after taking part in three different adventure tourism activities (whitewater rafting, bungy jumping, and sailing). It was found that prior experience in the given activity did not present itself as a factor that lowered risk as a motivation, that no motivational differences existed between nationalities, and that varying levels of inferred satisfaction are present. Marketing strategies for each of the activities, based on multivariate motivations, are recommended.
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Ku, Su-ying, and 古素瑩. "Motivation, Perceived Risk, and Perceived Value for Independent Overseas Travellers." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60060743047057044557.
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碩士南華大學
旅遊事業管理學研究所
93
Despite the fact of booming development of independent overseas travel business in recent years, seldom attentions were given to the study of the motivation, perceived values, and perceived risks of the travelers. This study aimed to extract those important factors that affect the above mentioned variables, and to analyze the correlations among the variables. The study used the results of 311 useful samples obtained from a questionnaire survey to Taiwanese independent overseas travelers. Major facors of the individual variables were extracted through factor analysis. And variable analysis, regression analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to explore the correlations among the travel motivation, perceived risk, perceived value, and risk-reducing strategy. The result revealed that they are all closely correlated each other among them. The study also found that the perceived value and perceived risk of the travelers have a direct impact on travelers’ intentions of behavior.
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Lin, Ying-chun, and 林盈君. "The Relationships among Choice Overload,Perceived Control and Perceived Risk." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34049711672410602544.
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碩士東吳大學
企業管理學系
100
The goal of this article is to examine the effect of choice overload on perceive risk and the moderating effect of perceived control. Participants are Soochow University students. We use experiment design to ask participants selecting the personal computer (study 1) or Japan tour (study 2) they desire the most either in small (3) or large (9) assortments. The result shows that choice overload has positive impact on perceived risk in study 1 and is moderated by perceived control. We further found that the moderating effect is more pronounced when individuals are low perceived control. Participants with low percieved control will perceived higher risk compared to those with high perceived control when facing more options. However, the effect is not signifacant in study 2. Thus, this study suggests that we should provide fewer alternatives of utilitarian product for low perceived control consumers to avoid them increase their perceived risk compared to those with high perceived control consumer.
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Liu, Chao-Ming, and 劉朝銘. "The Relationships among Perceived Risk, Involvement, Perceived Quality and Perceived Value in Internet Shopping." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49485512099104465978.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊管理研究所
91
The rise of Internet brings the quickly development of the electronic commerce. Though the electronic commerce faced once recession, the future of EC is still an interesting issue. There are some barriers in the development of the electronic commerce. According to an Internet survey, security and creditability problems are the important reason of customers not to use Internet shopping. This study focus on Internet shopping environment, try to investigate the impacts of perceived risk on perceived quality and perceived value. Follow the research of service quality, the perceived value has been widely discussed in recent years, it has better result of explaining the consumer behavior intentions. This study integrated the involvement and perceived risk into the model of service quality and perceived value, and conducted empirical research based on customers of Internet shopping. Through the analysis of LISREL, the research model fitness is verified, and the effect of involvement and perceived risk in the integrated perceived value model are significant.
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SUN, MIN-HENG, and 孫敏恆. "Analysis of Perceived Innovation in Electric Scooter Affecting Perceived Quality, Perceived Risk, Perceived Value and Purchase Intention." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hmpe8r.
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碩士國立屏東大學
行銷與流通管理學系碩士班
106
Currently, climate changing and global warming has become a global issue in the world. Because of the government policies and environmental protection consciousness gains ground, that there are so many motor vehicle manufacturers devote to research and develop hybrid vehicles and electric cars. This research focus on electric scooters, and explores the influence of consumers’ perceived innovation, perceived quality, perceived risk, perceived value on purchase intention respectively This study collected 332 valid questionnaires and analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study are as follows: Perceived innovation has positive effect on perceived quality, perceived value, perceived risk, and purchase intention. The effect of perceived quality on perceived value is positive, however is not significant. The effect of perceived risk on perceived value is positive and significant. Perceived value affect purchase intention positively and significantly. The findings provide insight to electric scooter manufacturers.
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Chiu, Pi-Chen, and 邱璧珍. "The Study of Motivation, Perceived Value, and Perceived Risk on Decisions." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6pk7b3.
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碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
103
Due to the enhancement of Taiwan's living standards and national income, The 1979 opened the door to allow foreigners from abroad to come to Taiwan for sightseeing. Tourism market in Taiwan has became a two-way tourism instead of the one-way tourism that it used to be, and it is also the growing stage of the tourism industry in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship among travel motivation, perceived value, perceived risk, post-purchase behavior, as well as the intention of travel. The research framework is constructed from the related literature of research variables. The questionnaires survey was distributed to travellers who have joined the oversea trip with the help of a travel agency. The result of this study indicated that travel motivation will affect significantly with variable factors such as perceived value and perceived risk. Furthermore, customer’s perceived value and perceived risk will affect Post-purchase behavior. Finally, Post-purchase behavioural will affect customer’s intention to travel. Distinction between ordinary people and a professional traveler will have a different impact on the purchase behavior. The overall analysis of perceived value and purchase behavior have significant impact on the perceived value and perceived risk; most people have significant impact on the perceived risk and purchase behaviors. So if we objectively implement consumer demand, but also enabling the travel agents to keep track of the operating conditions and the integration of consumer demand, as this will apply to all the tourism products in the industry. All kinds of information integration of the mentioned can keep up to the rapid reaction environment and changes in the market travel and maintain long-term competitive advantage.
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Chen, Kuang-shan, and 陳廣山. "The influence of personal characteristics and population statistic variables to perceived risk、strategies for reducing perceived risk." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91740966230282497957.
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碩士國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
88
Summary The coming of internet''''s era means the change of business trading model from real stores to virtual stores. In recent years , many trading sites have been established：Both sites of business to business and business to consumer are growing up continuously. This research is from the view of consumers.The main study is to explore the consumer''''s personal characteristics and some population statistics variables which effect perceived risk and strategies for reducing perceived risk , when consumers shopping in internet sites. It can provide the executives of sites using more powerful strategies to reduce perceived risk , when they face some types of consumers and attract consumers shopping in sites. This research uses questionnaire to collect correlated data.The population are from five colleges students in Hsin-Chu city.It depends on each college students ratio to sample appropriate answerers.Five hundred valid samples are collected.Through statistics analysis , conclusions are as follows： 1.The college students pay more attention to financial and performed risk .Social risk is not so important. 2.In respect of reducing perceived risk strategies , turn-back guarantee、brand loyalty and store image are most positive to college students.Private testing and expensive modelare the least effective strategies. 3.Personal characteristics and population statistics variables have significant influences to perceived risk、strategies for reducing perceived risk. 4.The relation between perceived risk and strategies for reducing perceived risk-people who feel more psychological and social risk , will more adopt strategies of free sample、shopping、word of mouth.People who feel more financial and performed risk , will ask more for endorsement、money-back guarantee.People who feel more psychological and social risk , will less use strategies like endorsement、money-back guarantee.
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Ku, Li-Chien, and 古麗茜. "The Relationships among Perceived Calorie,Perceived Risk and Perceived Value-Body Image as a Moderator." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ws7ywy.
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碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
102
In this study, contrary to the proposed research questions and purpose, to explore the variable relationships among the calorie perceived , perceived value, and the impact of the results which in mediating effects of perceived risk, moderating of body image. The survey adopt two kind experimental design of questionnaire（High-calories、Low-calories）, through the survry of questionnaire to collecting data, a total of 420 questionnaires were sent out, and 370 valid questionnaires were retrived, the valid re-sponse rate is 88.1%. The results displayed that: (1) there is a significant positive relationship between calorie labeling and perceived risk；(2) there is a significant negative relationship be-tween perceived risk and perceived value；(3)there is a significant negative relationship between calorie labeling and perceived value；(4) perceived risk has mediating effects between calorie labeling and perceived value；(5)body image has interference effects between calorie labeling and perceived risk. The result of this research might provide the management strategy and practical advice of consumer’s mental and behavior for food companies and related units of healthy food hygiene.
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Chen, Yun-Huan, and 陳運寰. "A Study of the Effect of Perceived Risk and strategies for reducing perceived risk to Online Purchase Intention." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30398754469262006378.
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碩士高苑科技大學
經營管理研究所
95
The coming of the Internet era introduced a change in the business trading model transformed Consumer purchasing behavior shifted from traditional stores to virtual stores. Online shoppers experience more perceived risk than offline, this factor is the main obstacle that e-commerce develops. When E-commerce websites want to promote the consumer consumption, the greatest concern is how to reduce consumers' perceived risk. The purpose of this study is to explore the influences of the consumers’ perceived risk and strategies for reducing perceived risk of online purchasing intention.
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WU, WAN-YING, and 吳琬盈. "A Study of Relationship among Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Benefit, Perceived Risk and Collaborative Consumption Attitude." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fmhx7u.
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碩士世新大學
公共關係暨廣告學研究所(含碩專班)
105
In recent years, the progressing of Information and Communication Technologies makes people’s consumption pattern changed, and makes the rise of the sharing economy. Nowadays, consumers didn’t just purchase the products to satisfy themselves, but focus on more convenient, eco-friendly and economical way to achieve reciprocity and mutual benefit consumption patterns. However, although the sharing economy has brought many positive benefits, it also hides many risks and crises. Therefore, this study hopes to join the perspective of benefit and risk, through a more comprehensive way to explore influence on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived benefits, perceived risk and collaborative consumption attitude. This study used purposive sampling methods, and aimed at users of the "Airbnb Shared Platform". A total of 768 valid questionnaires were recovered. Data are analyzed by frequency analysis、reliability analysis、correlation analysis、SEM、and pooled t-test. The findings are listed as follows: (1) perceived ease of use has a significant impact on perceived usefulness, perceived benefit, perceived risk and collaborative consumption attitude. (2) perceived usefulness has a significant effect on perceived benefit and collaborative consumption attitude. (3) perceived benefit has a significant effect on collaborative consumption attitude. (4) perceived risk has a significant effect on collaborative consumption attitude. Nevertheless, perceived ease of use have no significant influence on collaborative consumption attitude. Thus, the hypothesis is not supported. Although perceived ease of use can not directly affect the collaborative consumption attitude, “perceived ease of use” has the indirect effect on “collaborative consumption attitude” through “perceived benefits”. Consequently, the key what consumers support the sharing platform is the perceived benefit of collaborative consumption.
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Mao, Yu-Hsiang, and 毛昱翔. "Influenes of product type, perceived value, and perceived risk on channel selection." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62606357894151022478.
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碩士國立臺北大學
資訊管理研究所
102
Due to the development of Internet, it makes e-commerce business practices become mainstream and flourish. However, traditional physical channel has not disappeared and it still being an important position in the market. The practices of business environment show that many companies using multi-channel sales model. Therefore, one of the important topics of marketing management for enterprises is to explore the factors which influence consumer choose channel. In the field of information management, there isn’t any discussion mentioned of both perceived value and perceived risk working on channel decision-making under a variety of product type. However, in the field of marketing, much research has only been done under single channel. Therefore, this study will cover both virtual channel and physical channel, discuss whether if the process of customer channel decision-making with different product type and channel will various in customer perceived value and perceived risk. This study collect 302 questionnaires. According to the study, the difference between product type and channel will cause the variation of customer perceived value and perceived risk. In which, search goods has higher functional value and emotional value in perceived value than experience goods, while experience goods has significant difference in effective risk of perceived risk than search goods. In the past, the literature of condition in both perceived value and perceived risk were mostly virtual channel as well as lacking of physical channel and comparing both cannels. Therefore, the study attempts to use empirical results to expand the perceived value and perceived risk in both channel and consumer behavior on the channel selection, as a reference of the enterprise design marketing channel.
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Lee, Yi-yi, and 李依依. "Perceived Value、Satisfaction、Customer Loyalty:The Role of Perceived Risk and Brand Familiarity." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79710239173574736104.
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碩士國立成功大學
企業管理學系碩博士班
95
Store brands play an important role in retail grocery strategy. As the number of general retail grocery is increasing, the competition within market industry is more and more violent in these recent years. Now merchandise stores want to increase the sales of store brand goods through all kinds of ways. The article examines two things. One is the lationship among perceived value, satisfaction, and customer loyalty. The other is the moderating effects of perceived risk and brand familiarity on customer loyalty through both satisfaction and perceived value measures. The moderating effects of perceived risk and on the association of customer loyalty and customer satisfaction and perceived value are significant. We also see customer satisfaction has mediate effect of Consumer's perceived value and customer loyalty. The results reveals that： 1. Consumer’s perceived value will effect customer satisfaction. The higher perceived value which consumer perceived, the higher customer satisfaction. 2. Customer satisfaction will effect customer loyalty. The higher customer satisfaction, the higher customer loyalty. 3. Consumer’s perceived value will effect customer loyalty. The higher perceived value which consumer perceived, the higher customer loyalty. 4. The moderating effects of perceived risk are significant. 5. The moderating effects of brand familiarity are significant.
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Huang, Shu-Hua, and 黃淑華. "The Relationship among Brand Image, Perceived Risk,Perceived Value and Purchase Intention." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13559868292606436804.
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碩士遠東科技大學
行銷與供應鏈管理研究所
100
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among brand image, perceived risk, perceived value and purchase intention. The population in this study was a famous Li-Der willing center in Tainan area. Based on the sample from 268 consumers, our results show that brand image has positive influence on perceived value and purchase intention；brand image has negative influence on perceived risk；perceived risk has positive influence on perceived value and purchase intention；perceived value has positive influence on purchase intention. Further, the results provide the evidence for perceived risk and perceived value play the double mediating role between the brand image and purchase intention. To construct the brand image, firms need to decrease the perceived risk and enhance the perceived value in order to strengthen the purchase intention. Finally, the results would provide some suggestions for scholars and managers to plan strategies for marketing and also showed how the brand image influence on perceived risk for enhance perceived value and purchase intention.
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KU, TING-HSUAN, and 顧庭瑄. "The Influence of Recreational Divers' Perceived Risk and Perceived Value on Loyalty." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kxks54.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
休閒運動研究所
106
The purposes of this study were divided into four parts. 1. To explore the differences of senority of diving among perceived risk, perceived value and loyalty 2. To analyze significant links between recreational divers’ perceived risk factors and perceived value factors. 3. To analyze effects of perceived risk factor on the loyalty participation of a diver. 4. To analyze effects of perceived value factor on the loyalty participation of a diver. In this study, purposive sampling was adopted to explore participants who were recreational divers (N=342). In addition, using “diving perceived risk scaling”, “perceived diving value scaling” and “diving loyalty participation scaling” as research tools. Moreover, the study totally acquired 376 samples. However, 34 samples which did not meet the criterion were excluded from the study. Therefore, the total number of valid samples was 342. The effective response rate was 90.9%. All the acquired data is further analyzed by one way ANOVA, t test, Pearson’s Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results showed that: 1.There were defferences of senority of diving among perceived risk, perceived value and loyalty. 2.There was a negative correlation between perceived risk factors and perceived value factors. Five factors of perceived diving risk, the risk of social satisfaction, the risk of financial, the risk of psychology, the risk of time, the risk of injury respectively, are related to perceived sacrifice and perceived quality. 3. The time risk, financial risk and psychological risk of perceived diving risk are able to negatively predict “positive diving behavior”, “revisit behavior” and “recommendation of a diving activity”. However, the equipment risk is able to positively predict “positive diving behavior”, and “recommending to other”. 4. Perceived sacrifice and perceived quality of the diving perceived value criteria can positively predict “positive diving behavior”, “revisit behavior” as well as “recommending to other”. Besides the explanation regarding results of the analysis, the conclusions of this study is that in order to raise perceived value of activity, reducing the extent of perceived risk is so helpful that divers are able to be loyal to diving activities.
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Young, Stephen Lee. "Components of perceived risk for consumer products." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16903.
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Three studies were conducted to discover the underlying components of perceived risk. The first two studies examined two statistically and qualitatively different lists of rating items, and demonstrated that a principal components solution could produce similar results between them. These two solutions demonstrated that, when forming perceptions about risk, people consider the Hazardousness of potential risks, their Familiarity with the products, and the Technological nature of the risks. The third experiment extended previous findings by considering subject, as well as product, characteristics. This study demonstrated that there were three distinct subject types: Fearful, Fearless and Informed. These subject groups attended to different product information when forming perceptions of risk. In all, these studies provide a more complete understanding of the nature of risk perception.
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Liou, Hang-Yu, and 劉航宇. "Public Perceived Risk toward Genetically Modified Foods." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14407392675579131482.
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碩士淡江大學
企業管理學系碩士班
102
The attitudes and perceived risk of GM foods toward people will affect it''s consumer behavior. To investigate the effects of perceived risks in GM food, most researchers use the gene technology acceptance model to measure the relationship of path analysis. More commonly used variables are the degree of trust and knowledge, and it have an impact on perceived risk and perceived benefits respectively, thereby affecting the attitude of GM. In this study, refer to this model and add a new dimension (intergenerational influence), the purpose is to understand the relationship about intergenerational influence, food neophobia, social trust, GM knowledge, perceived risk, perceived benefit and behavioral intentions. In this study, samples taken from Taiwan, we retrieved 423 valid samples. First we start pilot test to identify the item of reliability and validity, then using confirmatory factor analysis to determine the factor structure between variables and potential variables. In the end, we use path analysis to assess the relationship between variables of structural equation model. Our study developed a structural model ,and the results of structural equation modeling analysis give evidence that GM knowledge and intergenerational influence have positive impacts on the perceived risk,but social trust have negative impact on the perceived benefits. while the perceived risk and food neophobia have negative impacts on the behavioral intention,but the perceived benefits have positive impacts on the behavioral intention. The contribution of this study is that more understanding the mechanism between perception and behavior intention, and our study try to add a new dimension to probe the structural model, in addition, our study by clustering groups to understand the impact of differences. Our Study included management implications and recommends for manufacturers and government, as well as the future direction of research.
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Nieh, Yun-wen, and 聶韻文. "The Influence of Technology Anxiety on Perceived Value – Perceived Convenience and Perceived Risk as the Mediating Variables." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91998093515030353134.
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碩士東吳大學
國際經營與貿易學系
100
Technology anxiety is the phenomenon that people feel excessive timidity in using technology tools occasionally with opposite comments and avoidance technology tools. Pervious researches discussed the direct influence of technology anxiety on perceived value. However, researchers seldom mentioned the mediating effect between technology anxiety and perceives value. This research tried to examine the relationship among difference variables, with the mediating variables of perceived convenience and perceived risk. Researcher took smart phone as research object. Data were collected with structured questionnaires from 227 cell phone users from the age of 20 to 59. And data were analyzed with regression analysis. The results found that technology anxiety decreased customers’ perceived value and perceived convenience, yet increased perceived risk. Secondly, there are perceived convenience the positive effect on perceived value and perceived risk the positive effect on perceived value. The mediating effects of perceived convenience and perceived risk on perceived value depends on situation. Researcher suggests that companies should consider consumers’ ability of using technology when planning their marketing program and decrease consumers’ perceived risk by all kind of products or service process improvement arrangement.
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Kuo, Li-Yin, and 郭立尹. "The relationship of product attributes, perceived quality and perceived risk of cosmeceutical products." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09626528579444831754.
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碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
100
Cosmeceutical products are the skin care products positioned between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals by the defined mechanisms, simple and pure ingredients as well as higher concentration of actives. The product benefits are also tested and demonstrated through scientific validation. In addition, as adjuvant therapeutic products for curative surgery, cosmeceutical products are usually with professional indication and consultation, thus the consumer confidence and reliability will be higher than general products. This research adopted questionnaires targeting to explore how the product attributes, perceived risks affect consumer’s perception on quality in regard of cosmeceutical skin care products. The results concluded that, for cosmeceutical products, the perceived quality has negative significant effect on perceived risk while the product attributes have significant effect both on perceived quality and perceived risk. In descriptive statistic results, it showed that it is still female the main consumer for cosmeceutical products with main age range between 31~40, close to 80% of the subjects have no kids and the main residence located in north and south part of Taiwan. Meanwhile, the AVONA analysis demonstrates that particular dimensions under three variables of different ages, with kids or not and residence were found to be significant different. In addition, the main channel for purchasing cosmeceutical products centralized to mass chain stores as well as professional ones such clinic and drug stores. The result shows that purchase frequency and amount only have significant effect on certain dimension while the channels significantly related to all variables. The correlation and regression analysis also shows the product attributes, perceived quality and perceived risk of consumers purchasing in different channels have significant differences.
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Huang, Shih-Chien, and 黃詩茜. "A Study of the Relationships among Perceived Fairness, Perceived Risk, Trust and Loyalty." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53823622090158958485.
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碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
102
The B2C online shopping market in Taiwan has been a rather competitive environment. To operators of online stores, how to enhance customers’ perceived justice and lower shopping risks to boost customer trust and maintain customer loyalty are issues worth investigation in greater depth. The current study, based on the SOR theory, proposed an integrated research framework, where the relationships among the four constructs (i.e., perceived justice, perceived risk, trust, and loyalty) were examined to determine influential factors of online shopping. Empirical evidence was employed to verify the proposed hypotheses of the current study. The participants were 295 customers with online shopping experiences. SPSS 12.0 for Windows and AMOS 18.0 were employed for data analysis and verification. The results of the current study revealed that: 1. Perceived justice had a significantly positive effect on trust. 2. Perceived risk had a significantly negative effect on trust. 3. Perceived justice had a significantly positive effect on loyalty. 4. Perceived risk had a significantly negative effect on loyalty. 5. Trust had a significantly positive effect on loyalty. Conclusions and suggestions for future research are discussed and offered. To operators of online shopping industry, in particular, specific suggestions—enhancing perceived justice and lowering perceived risk to effectively boost customer trust in and loyalty to shopping websites—are proposed.
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Wang, Hui-Ti, and 王惠娣. "Purchase Ｍotivation, Perceived Price and Perceived Risk Influence For Online Group-Buying Behavior." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51656722281015587020.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
國際企業學系碩士在職專班
101
With the progress and development of science and technology, the network information has entered People''s Daily life, With the progress and development of science and technology, the network information has entered People''s Daily life, Internet has almost become indispensable tool in People''s Daily life, the network shopping also along with the development of the Internet and increasingly close to the people''s life. Network forming syndicates, bring up countless business opportunities. Between the businesses also use different sales methods to attract the consumer groups, consumers are also in the Internet this virtual view of the multiple choices. Internet forming syndicates is a group of people on the web site due to the common requirements gathering virtual community, through mutual cooperation between all the netizens, to minimize our discount freight, mutual economic interests or other interests of consciousness. This way of buying in the case of ensure quality, we enjoy preferential prices, through the network, directly on consumers, merchants will save cost of sales and occupy the consumers in the purchase and service process is a relatively active status, can have higher security, enjoy a better service. Today, the popularity of the Internet, break the bondage of the traditional forming syndicates, netizens to participate in forming syndicates will also increased. Due to forming syndicates issue is from online group shopping patterns in recent years, this study based on the network forming syndicates center, explore purchasing motivation, perceived risk, perceived value and impact of the network forming syndicates behaviors. This article will adopt the method of questionnaire investigation, and collect data, using it to do correlation analysis, according to the research results for the network forming syndicates provide corresponding advice. Research results indicate that the consumer purchasing motivation can affect the network forming syndicates, and are significant influence relations, said the purchase motive, the higher the stronger forming syndicates, network behavior. Consumer perceived value will affect the network forming syndicates behavior, and are significant influence relations, if stronger perception value, the stronger impact Internet forming syndicates behavior. Consumers'' perceived risks of forming syndicates behavior have positive significant relationship is with the Internet, and the assumption is not conform to this study. This study found that online consumer perception of risk is higher, then the network forming syndicates his behavior will be higher. Demographic variables of gender, age, education degree in purchasing motivation, perceived risk, perceived value, and only partially achieved significant difference on the network forming syndicates behavior.