Academic literature on the topic 'Perceived magnitude'
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Journal articles on the topic "Perceived magnitude"
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Matthews, Harold, Harold Hill, and Stephen Palmisano. "Binocular Disparity Magnitude Affects Perceived Depth Magnitude despite Inversion of Depth Order." Perception 40, no. 8 (January 2011): 975–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6915.
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Cutone, Matthew, and Laurie Wilcox. "Distortions in perceived depth magnitude for stereoscopic surfaces." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (August 31, 2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.317.
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Hadera, Etsedingl, Endalamaw Salelew, Eshetu Girma, Sandra Dehning, Kristina Adorjan, and Markos Tesfaye. "Magnitude and Associated Factors of Perceived Stigma among Adults with Mental Illness in Ethiopia." Psychiatry Journal 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8427561.
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Background. Many people with mental illness perceive and experience stigma caused by other people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The stigma can lead to patients’ impoverishment, social marginalization, poor adherence to medication, and low quality of life, worsen the disease, decrease health-seeking behavior, and have a negative impact on socioeconomic well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these issues. Objective. To assess the magnitude and associated factors of perceived stigma among adults with mental illness in an Ethiopian setting. Methods. A facility-based, cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling technique was employed from September 1 to 30, 2012. Data for perceived stigma were assessed by using the perceived devaluation-discrimination (PDD) scale from new or returning patients. The data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results were described with the frequency table, graph, mean, and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was used to get candidate variables for multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables with a P value of < 0.05 at multivariate analysis were considered statistically associated with perceived stigma. Results. A total of 384 participants were interviewed and the response rate was 100%. The prevalence of high and low perceived stigma was 51% and 44%, respectively. Having substance use history (AOR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9) and family support (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.5–4.3) and medication side effects (AOR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.8) were associated statistically with higher perceived stigma of people with mental illness. Conclusion. Perceived stigma is a major problem of adults with mental illness in this outpatient setting in Ethiopia. Patients who had substance use and family support and medication side effects were more likely to have high perceived stigma. Therefore, screening and management of substance use, social support, and medication side effect should be strengthened for people with mental illness.
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Aida, Saori, Koichi Shimono, and Wa James Tam. "Magnitude of perceived depth of multiple stereo transparent surfaces." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 77, no. 1 (August 14, 2014): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0746-8.
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Allik, Jüri, and Aleksander Pulver. "Magnitude of luminance modulation specifies amplitude of perceived movement." Perception & Psychophysics 57, no. 1 (January 1995): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03211847.
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Tsirlin, I., L. Wilcox, and R. Allison. "Size matters: Perceived depth magnitude varies with stimulus height." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (August 22, 2014): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.977.
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Tsirlin, Inna, Laurie M. Wilcox, and Robert S. Allison. "Size matters: Perceived depth magnitude varies with stimulus height." Vision Research 123 (June 2016): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2016.04.006.
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Jones, Lynette A. "Perceptual constancy and the perceived magnitude of muscle forces." Experimental Brain Research 151, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1434-4.
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Killian, K. J., E. Summers, M. Basalygo, and E. J. Campbell. "Effect of frequency on perceived magnitude of added loads to breathing." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.5.1616.
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Using open-magnitude scaling, six normal subjects estimated the perceived magnitude of a range of added elastic loads (20–76 cmH2O/l), applied for a sequence of five breaths, at frequencies varying from 5 to 26.4 breaths/min. Two experiments were performed. In the first, frequency was increased by a reduction in expiratory duration (TE), and the duty cycle (ratio of inspiratory duration to total breath duration, TI/TT) ranged between 0.10 and 0.52. The perceived magnitude psi increased significantly with the peak airway pressure (Pm) (P less than 0.0001) but did not reach conventional significance with frequency (fb) (P = 0.15): psi = K0Pm1.23fb0.07 (r = 0.911). However, the sensory magnitude increased significantly as the duty cycle increased (P less than 0.01), but when it was included, the magnitude decreased minimally with frequency (P less than 0.01): psi = K0Pm1.3fb-0.97 TI/TT1.14 (r = 0.92). In the second experiment the duty cycle (TI/TT) was kept constant [(0.43 +/- 0.008 (SE)] and frequency (5–26.4 breaths/min) increased at the expense of shortening both TI and TE. The perceived magnitude of the added elastances decreased with the increase in frequency. However, when the perceived magnitude was corrected for the duration of inspiration, which is known to increase the sensory magnitude, psi = K0Pm1.3TI0.56, the sensory magnitude increased significantly with frequency (P less than 0.001): psi/TI0.56 = K0Pm1.21fb0.28 (r = 0.773). The decrease in inspiratory duration had a greater quantitative effect decreasing sensory magnitude than frequency had on increasing the magnitude. The effect of increasing frequency is complex and depends on the simultaneous intensity, duration of inspiratory pressure, and the duty cycle.
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Rollman, Gary B., and Georgina Harris. "The detectability, discriminability, and perceived magnitude of painful electrical shock." Perception & Psychophysics 42, no. 3 (May 1987): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03203077.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Perceived magnitude"
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Young, Laura K. "Numerical Magnitude Knowledge: Are All Numbers Perceived Alike?" Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/449722.
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Educational PsychologyPh.D.
A robust knowledge of numbers, and their magnitudes, is thought to provide students a strong basis for later mathematics learning and achievement (see Siegler, 2016). The current study examined 7th grade students’ (N = 193) knowledge of numerical magnitudes, how this knowledge varied depending on the number’s type (integer or non-integer) and the number’s polarity (positive or negative), and the strategies that students use while estimating different types of numbers. The first experiment of the current study assessed students’ magnitude knowledge through a number line packet that used all-positive, all-negative, and bidirectional scales that spanned from negative to positive numbers; on these number line scales, students were asked to estimate whole numbers, fractions, and decimals. While prior literature has commonly assessed magnitude knowledge of positive integers (i.e., whole numbers) and non-integers (i.e., non-whole numbers), and the literature on negative numbers is growing, the current study is the first to directly explore students’ understanding of positive and negative magnitudes together with the use of all-negative and all-positive number line scales. Results from mixed linear models illustrated that a number’s polarity affects students’ estimates on the all-positive and all-negative scales, as estimates of negative and positive numbers differed in both accuracy and linearity. However, negative and positive estimates on the bidirectional scales were not significantly different from one another. Composite scores were created to reflect students’ performance on four types of number line scales, those that asked students to estimate positive integers, negative integers, positive non-integers, and negative non-integers. Analyses with these composite scores established that both polarity and number type separately affect students’ estimates—negative estimates had more error and were less linear than positive estimates, and non-integer estimates had more error and were less linear than integer estimates. The second experiment of this study used a think-aloud task to examine the strategies that students used while completing the number line task, and how these strategies differed depending on the number line’s overall scale, polarity, and the type of number being estimated (i.e., integers or non-integers). While some strategies were found to be prevalent across all types of number line scales, other strategy choices differed depending on the polarity of the scale, or the type of numbers being estimated. Findings from this study support the integrated theory of numerical development; mainly, that by the 7th grade students have integrated their knowledge of numbers into a unified system that houses both positive and negative numbers, and integers and non-integers. Educational implications are also discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Hsieh, Kung-pin, and 謝公斌. "A study of service failure magnitude, recovery attributes and postrecovery satisfaction- based on recovery disconfirmation and perceived justice." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61798875018472395010.
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碩士義守大學
管理研究所碩士班
95
With the environment competing violently, how to hold together with customer relationship is deeply concerned for most of the managers. Service industries have the characteristic of intangibility, inseparability, variability and perishability, however, they result in highly uncertainty in the communicable process. Once the service failure happens, customers will have negative reaction. It not only affects customer satisfaction, but also takes place the negative word of mouth and decrease the willing of repurchase. So service provider must confront the importance of service recovery. This study attempts to understand how the service failure magnitude influences the service recovery expectation. In addition, basing on service providers’ recovery strategy, I want to explore whether ahead of service recovery expectation and behind with service recovery quality influence the recovery disconfirmation, perceived justice and postrecovery satisfaction in the end. This study utilizes a 2×2×2×2 experimental design. Service failure magnitude(severity and slight), compensation(yes and no), response speed(quick and slow) and service attitude(pleasant and poor) are manipulated. The sample objects are ISU college students and there are 523 valid samples after recycling questionnaires. I found the results via analysis as following: 1.Different service failure magnitudes have significant effect on customers’ service recovery expectation. 2.Different recovery attributes have significant effect on the service recovery quality. 3.Service recovery expectation has a significant negative effect on recovery disconfirmation. Service recovery quality has a significant positive effect on recovery disconfirmation and it also positively influences perceived justice and postrecovery satisfaction. 4.Recovery disconfirmation and perceived justice have significant positive effect on postrecovery satisfaction.
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Cheng, Yi-Chuan, and 鄭怡娟. "The Advertising Effects of Consumption Value, Framing, and Time of Advertising Appeal: Perceived Risk and the Magnitude of Benefit as Moderators." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32013525771132454883.
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碩士元智大學
國際企業學系
94
Consumers face a lot of different advertisements in daily life. We can find that many advertising appeals include several key elements, for example, time, consumption value, and positive and negative information offered. Different key elements combined could influence the consumer’s purchase intention. So this research wants to discuss whether the advertising appeals of the products: consumption value (hedonic/ utilitarian), framing (positive/ negative), and the length of time (long/ short) will influence advertising credibility and consumer’s purchase intention. Moreover, when consumer''s perceived risk is higher for the product, they will prefer choosing other goods that is familiar with (Campbell and Goodstein, 2001); the magnitude of benefit may also influence the acceptance degree of advertisement. In this way, this research considers the factors: perceived risk and the magnitude of benefits as moderators. Five-way experiment design is taken to test hypotheses in this research. It is a 2 (consumption value: hedonic value/ utilitarian value) by 2 (framing: positive/ negative) by 2 (time: long/ short) by 2 (perceived risk: high/ low) by 2 (the magnitude of benefit: big/ small) analysis. The main conclusions of this research are listed as below: 1. Utilitarian value makes individuals produce higher advertising credibility; negative framing influences the advertising effect more; the individual still wants to buy the products which reach the effect fast. 2. Under the circumstances that the long time is demanded, relatively in hedonic value, utilitarian value still influences the advertising effect greatly; negative framing should matches with the short time but positive framing matches with long time will reach the best advertising effect. 3. The magnitude of benefit significantly moderates the interaction between the positive/negative framing and the length of time.
Books on the topic "Perceived magnitude"
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Rosengart, Matthew R. Tube Thoracostomy (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0027.
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There are few technical skills that surpass in value the performance of tube thoracostomy. Throughout the career life span of the physician, probability dictates that at least one patient will be encountered who will require pleural drainage. And yet equal in magnitude to the perceived benefits, are the inherent risks, which for the critically ill patient may be poorly tolerated and equally lethal. Thus, it is imperative to approach each intervention with a standardized approach upon which nuanced alterations are built based upon circumstances specific and particular to each case. This chapter discusses the tube thoracostomy procedure, patient placement, and modern concepts.
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Cohn, Jr., Samuel K. The Great Influenza. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819660.003.0020.
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By October 1918, influenza had passed from a joking matter about the usual coughs and sniffles to a disease suddenly perceived as new, mysterious, and deadly. This chapter reviews the recent historiography of the Great Influenza from the 1970s to later studies that attempt to wedge this pandemic into a post-AIDS schema, claiming that it too ignited blame and the scapegoating of diseased victims and ‘others’. The chapter questions this portrayal along with the notion that it was a ‘Forgotten Pandemic’, especially in America. It also anticipates a theme developed in subsequent chapters that this pandemic sparked a charitable reaction of a magnitude never before witnessed in the history of medicine and disease. Moreover, at least in the US, the scale of this charitable response was new, and principally came from women and their organizational initiatives.
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Middleton, Nicos, Panayiota Ellina, George Zannoupas, Demetris Lamnisos, and Christiana Kouta. Socio-Economic Inequality in Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0006.
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Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to the relative place an individual or a social group holds within the structure of society. SEP is determined by a multitude of factors, from individual and household circumstances across the life course to social processes operating at higher levels. Even though a complex construct, it is often operationalized using single person-based indicators and/or subjective measures of an individual’s own perceived position in the social ladder. Furthermore, recognizing that social stratification is geographically defined, area-based measures place a community in the socioeconomic disadvantage continuum and are used to quantify the magnitude of geographically defined social inequalities Data driven approaches have been mostly used to construct socioeconomic deprivation indices, commonly using census-based indicators which reflect the sociodemographical compositions of areas. Increasingly, a wider set of methods are been used to capture features of a community’s environment pertaining to the physical, built and social environment.
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Buzsáki, György. The Brain from Inside Out. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905385.001.0001.
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The Brain from Inside Out takes a critical look at contemporary brain research and reminds us that theoretical framework does matter. Current technology-driven neuroscience is still largely fueled by an empiricist philosophy assuming that the brain’s goal is to perceive, represent the world, and learn the truth. An inevitable consequence of this framework is the assumption of a decision-making homunculus wedged between our perception and actions. In contrast, The Brain from Inside Out advocates that the brain’s fundamental function is to induce actions and predict the consequences of those actions to support the survival and prosperity of the brain’s host. Brains constantly test their hypotheses by producing actions rather than searching for the veridical objective world. Only actions can provide a second opinion about the relevance of the sensory inputs and provide meaning for and interpretation of those inputs. In this inside-out framework, it is not sensations that teach the brain and build up its circuits. Instead, the brain comes with a preconfigured and self-organized dynamics that constrains how it acts and views the world. Both its anatomical and physiological organizations are characterized by an enormous diversity which spans several orders of magnitude. The two ends of this continuous landscape give rise to apparently distinct qualitative features. A small core of strongly interconnected, highly active neurons provides fast and “good-enough” answers in needy situations by generalizations, whereas detailed and precise solutions rely on the contribution of the more isolated and sluggish majority. In this non-egalitarian organization, preexisting nonsense brain patterns become meaningful through action-based experience. The inside-out framework offers an alternative strategy to investigate how brain operations give rise to our cognitive faculties, as opposed to the outside-in approach that explores how our preconceived ideas map onto brain structures.
Book chapters on the topic "Perceived magnitude"
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McGee, Mick, Misha Vaughan, and Joseph Dumas. "Assessing Perceived Experience with Magnitude Estimation." In Design, User Experience, and Usability. Design Philosophy, Methods, and Tools, 349–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39229-0_38.
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Xu, Ting, Guihua Cui, Lan Jiang, Ming Ronnier Luo, Fereshteh Mirjalili, and Jan Morovic. "Effect of Printed Color Sample Separation and Color-Difference Magnitude on Perceived Color Difference." In Advances in Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, 87–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3663-8_13.
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Nakayama, Shota, Mitsuki Manabe, Keigo Ushiyama, Masahiro Miyakami, Akifumi Takahashi, and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. "Pilot Study on Presenting Pulling Sensation by Electro-Tactile Stimulation." In Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications, 66–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06249-0_8.
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AbstractWhen an object that is grasped with a finger is pulled by an external force, the traction force is perceived by cutaneous receptors and proprioception in the finger. Several attempts have been made to simulate the pulling sensation by using wearable devices, including mechanical asymmetric vibration and tightening by belt. In this study, we developed a new method that uses electrical simulation to generate an illusory force sensation by simulating the activity pattern of the cutaneous receptors. We validated our method through two experiments, one based on force direction judgment and the other on force magnitude adjustment.
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Dias, Ricardo, Guilherme Zanghelini, Edivan Cherubini, Jorge Delgado, and Yuki Kabe. "Society’s Perception-Based Characterization Factors for Mismanaged Polymers at End of Life." In Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 277–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_25.
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AbstractSociety’s perception of an environmental impact often turns it into the drive to measure, remediate and ultimately solve the perceived problem. In some cases, this situation is noticeable even before scientists can properly establish the cause-effect pathway, for example, plastic debris effect on the oceans. This work strives to understand how public opinion deals with this transitory gap of knowledge and how to measure society’s viewpoint through marine litter. A Life Cycle Assessment was addressed comparing reusable and single-use drinking straws, from which a “society’s perception based” characterization factor for mismanaged polymers at end of life was proposed. Results showed that the factor may reach up to 1 order of magnitude higher than the characterization factors of producing the polymer and may indicate that decisions with no data to support can lead to rebound effects.
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Teghtsoonian, Robert. "The Concepts of Perceived Magnitude and Dynamic Range." In Invariances in Human Information Processing, 82–97. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315169903-4.
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Sijabat, Rosdiana. "A Study of Consumer Continuance Intention to Adopt Mobile Payment Application in Indonesia." In Handbook of Research on Innovation and Development of E-Commerce and E-Business in ASEAN, 435–56. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4984-1.ch022.
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This study investigates the factors that determine user intention to continue using mobile payment application, taking as its case an Indonesian application called OVO. It applies the technology acceptance model by examining continuance intention to use (CITU) of OVO, economic value, satisfaction, gender difference, and perceived risk as the constructs. This study finds that economic value is significant predictor of CITU, but of a lower magnitude when the application was perceived as having a high level of risk. Satisfaction was significantly associated with CITU, particularly amongst users who perceived OVO as having a high level of risk. Although economic value and satisfaction influenced CITU amongst both male and female respondents, their influence was greatest amongst the former.
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Ma, Qingxiong, and Liping Liu. "The Technology Acceptance Model." In Advances in End User Computing, 112–28. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-474-3.ch006.
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The technology acceptance model proposes that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness predict the acceptance of information technology. Since its inception, the model has been tested with various applications in tens of studies and has become a most widely applied model of user acceptance and usage. Nevertheless, the reported findings on the model are mixed in terms of statistical significance, direction, and magnitude. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 26 selected empirical studies in order to synthesize the empirical evidence. The results suggest that both the correlation between usefulness and acceptance and between usefulness and ease of use are somewhat strong. However, the relationship between ease of use and acceptance is weak, and its significance does not pass the fail-safe test.
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Ma, Qingxiong, and Liping Liu. "The Technology Acceptance Model." In End-User Computing, 1088–100. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-945-8.ch079.
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The technology acceptance model proposes that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness predict the acceptance of information technology. Since its inception, the model has been tested with various applications in tens of studies and has become the most widely applied model of user acceptance and usage. Nevertheless, the reported findings on the model are mixed in terms of statistical significance, direction, and magnitude. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 26 selected empirical studies in order to synthesize the empirical evidence. The results suggest that both the correlation between usefulness and acceptance, and that between usefulness and ease of use are somewhat strong. However, the relationship between ease of use and acceptance is weak, and its significance does not pass the fail-safe test.
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Tahoun, Nouran, and Ahmed Taher. "Artificial Intelligence as the New Realm for Online Advertising." In Marketing and Advertising in the Online-to-Offline (O2O) World, 66–83. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5844-0.ch004.
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This exploratory study examines the magnitude of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the five-staged online advertising process: consumer insights, ad creation, media planning, buying, and finally, ad evaluation. It explores if there is a correlation between using AI in each stage and the next. It also investigates the impact of using AI on the overall perceived effectiveness. The study developed the conceptual framework titled “Process Model of AI Utilization in Online Advertising.” An online survey is conducted with a sample of 60 digital advertisers worldwide from both agency and client sides. The findings showed that AI is stepping progressively and differently in the four stages of the online advertising process. There is a relationship between using AI in each stage and the following one. AI utilization promotes the perceived effectiveness of the overall online ad process.
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"Magnitude Of Perceived Change In Natural Images May Be Linearly Proportional To Differences In Neuronal Firing Rates." In Fechner's Legacy in Psychology, 39–62. BRILL, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004192201.i-214.21.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Perceived magnitude"
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Lim, Beomsu, Junkyeong Choi, Yongjae Yoo, and Seungmoon Choi. "Perceived Magnitude Function of Friction Rendered By the Dahl Model." In 2021 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whc49131.2021.9517127.
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Sasaki, Kyoshiro, Shuichiro Taya, and Kayo Miura. "Increase in Numerical Magnitude from Left-to-Right Shortens Perceived Time." In 2013 International Conference on Biometrics and Kansei Engineering (ICBAKE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbake.2013.22.
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Romigh, Griffin D., Brian D. Simpson, and Nandini Iyer. "In Ear to Out There: A Magnitude Based Parameterization Scheme for Sound Source Externalization." In The 22nd International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2016.035.
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While several potential auditory cues responsible for sound source externalization have been identified, less work has gone into providing a simple and robust way of manipulating perceived externalization. The current work describes a simple approach for parametrically modifying individualized head-related transfer function spectra that results in a systematic change in the perceived externalization of a sound source. Methods and results from a subjective evaluation validating the technique are presented, and further discussion relates the current method to previously identified cues for auditory distance perception.
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Chubb, Charles, Joshua A. Solomon, and George Sperling. "Contrast contrast determines perceived contrast." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.thy1.
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A testpatch of visual texture has greater apparent contrast when it is surrounded by a uniform mean gray field than by a background of similar, high contrast texture. Temporally modulating the contrast of surrounding texture induces a substantial antiphase modulation of testpatch apparent contrast. Using a nulling procedure, we have found that this induced modulation of testpatch apparent contrast is (1) strictly monocular: there is no induced modulation of apparent contrast when the testpatch and surround are presented to opposite eyes; (2) spatial frequency specific: when testpatch and surround textures are filtered into nonoverlapping octave-wide spatial frequency bands, the modulation of surround contrast has little effect on testpatch apparent contrast; (3) orientation specific: when the testpatch and surround textures are of opposite orientation, the magnitude of induced contrast modulation may be much less than when they are of the same orientation.
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Hussain, Omar K., Elizabeth Chang, Farookh K. Hussain, and Tharam S. Dillon. "Quantifying the numeric and linguistic magnitude of perceived risk in E-Commerce Interactions for RDSS." In 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dest.2008.4635221.
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Murray, Anne M., Roberta L. Klatzky, and Pradeep K. Khosla. "Summation of Multi-Finger Vibrotactile Stimuli." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0001.
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Abstract We have developed a vibrotactile glove that stimulates the fingertips of the wearer’s hand to convey grip force information while he/she is manipulating remote objects with a robotic hand. In this paper, we present a psychophysical experiment to examine how multi-finger vibrotactile stimulation is perceived by the user. Magnitude estimations of the overall strength of vibration were obtained using sinusoidal signals varying in amplitude and frequency. We have found that increasing the number of fingers stimulated increases the perceived vibration magnitude, but by a rule of diminishing returns. Additionally, we have found that finger separation and thumb “differentiation” are not factors in the magnitude judgements. By using multiple stimulation points, it may be possible to expand the perceived sensitivity range that is used to encode grip force information in a telemanipulation environment; thus a larger range or more refined range of force values can possibly be conveyed to the user.
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Ferguson, Jamie, and Stephen Brewster. "Evaluating the Magnitude Estimation Approach for Designing Sonification Mapping Topologies." In ICAD 2019: The 25th International Conference on Auditory Display. Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2019.047.
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A challenge in sonification design is mapping data param-eters onto acoustic parameters in a way that aligns with a listener’s mental model of how a given data parameter should sound. Studies have used the psychophysical scaling method of magnitude estimation to systematically evaluate how participants per-ceive mappings between data and sound parameters - giving data on perceived polarity and scale of the relationship between the data and sound parameters. As of yet, there has been little re-search investigating whether data-to-sound mappings that are de-signed based on results from these magnitude estimation experiments have any effect on users’ performance in an applied audi-tory display task. This paper presents an experiment that com-pares data-to-sound mappings in which the mapping’s polarity is based on results from a previous magnitude estimation experiment against mappings whose polarities are inverted. The experiment is based around a simple task in which participants need to rank WiFi networks based on how secure they are, where security is represented using an auditory display. Results suggest that for a simple auditory display like the one used here, whether or not the polarities of the data-to-sound mappings are based on magnitude estimation does not have a substantial effect on any objective per-formance measures gathered during the experiment. Finally, potential areas for future work are discussed that may continue to investigate the problems addressed by this paper.
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Chen, Z., A. Movassagh, B. L. Wu, Murtadha J. AlTammar, Misfer J. Almarri, and Khalid M. Alruwaili. "Estimating Maximum Horizontal Stress Magnitude Based on Borehole Breakout Geometry – A Semi-Analytical Poroelastic Model." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2022-020.
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Abstract Knowledge of in-situ stress magnitudes is important in exploring and developing conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources. Whilst the vertical and minimum horizontal stresses may be derived relatively straight forward, the magnitude of maximum horizontal stress cannot be measured directly and must be indirectly estimated. In this paper, a new semi-analytical poroelastic solution is developed for stress and pore pressure distributions surrounding a borehole with a known breakout geometry. The entire geometry of the stabilized borehole breakout, not just breakout width, is utilized for estimating the maximum horizontal stress magnitude. Breakout tip strength is evaluated by considering several mechanisms perceived to be responsible for breakout stabilization. The maximum horizontal stress magnitude is then estimated from the equilibrium condition of stress and rock strength at the breakout tip which attracts the highest stress concentration. The newly derived maximum horizontal stress estimation model is validated based on several sets of laboratory borehole breakout experiments conducted under three-dimensional stress conditions sourced from literature. Comparison between the model prediction and the experimental results showed that the estimated maximum horizontal stress has a good approximation to the maximum horizontal stress magnitude applied and showed a significant improvement over the existing method. Introduction Knowledge of the state of in-situ stresses is important in exploring and developing conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources. It plays a critical role in analyzing wellbore stability, sand/solids production, well trajectory optimization, perforation orientation and hydraulic fracture stimulation. For a petroleum basin with a relatively flat surface topology, the in-situ stress state may be defined by a vertical and two horizonal stresses and their orientations. Whilst the magnitudes of the vertical and minimum horizontal stresses may be derived relatively straight forward, the magnitude of the maximum horizontal stress cannot be measured directly and must be indirectly estimated.
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Yasui, Takaaki, Fumihiro Akatsuka, Yoshihiko Nomura, and Tokuhiro Sugiura. "An Effect of Acceleration on Passively-Changed Arm-Velocity Perception." In ASME-JSME 2018 Joint International Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems and Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps-mipe2018-8550.
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In recent years, the methods of motor learning using haptic devices that can give motion-related stimuli to learners have been studied. In order to design control systems of the haptic devices that can give learners stimuli so that they can perceive them with proprioception, we need to understand the characteristics of human’s position and velocity sensations. Then, in this study, we examined velocity JNDs (Just Noticeable Differences), in order to understand human velocity-change perception. We, in particular, focused on an effect of acceleration during velocity-change to human velocity-change perception. In the experiment, we enforced subjects to accelerate their hands with a constant acceleration of 1, 8, 16, 32 deg/s2 from before-acceleration velocity of 10 deg/s. Subjects answered whether they perceived velocity-change or not, and we measured velocity JNDs. As a result, it was found that, while the accelerations increased by 32 times, the velocity JNDs decreased by only about 1/2, i.e., from 8.1 to 4.2 deg/s. From this result, it was concluded that the magnitude of acceleration is not a determinative factor for velocity-change perception but a supplementary one.
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Israr, Ali, Hong Z. Tan, James Mynderse, and George T. C. Chiu. "A Psychophysical Model of Motorcycle Handlebar Vibrations." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41504.
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In this study, we developed a perception-based quantitative model to relate broadband vibrations transmitted through a motorcycle handlebar to a rider’s hands. The test apparatus consisted of the handlebar of a motorcycle rig assembly driven by a computer-controlled actuator. Participants were instructed to hold the handlebar and maintain a sitting posture as they would while riding a motorcycle. In Exp. 1, psychophysical detection thresholds for 10 participants were estimated at ten test frequencies between 20–300 Hz using a two-interval one-up two-down adaptive procedure. The interpolated threshold vs. frequency function specified the minimum acceleration required before a user could perceive the vibration at a particular frequency. In Exp. 2, participants were asked to rate 15 representative handlebar vibrations using a magnitude estimation procedure. The vibration patterns were measured on an actual motorcycle handlebar while the motorcycle traveled at speeds ranging from 25 to 75 mph. Several weighting functions, including the ISO-5349 standards, were applied to the broadband vibration signal in the frequency domain to estimate the total vibration energy by summing up all weighted components. The best weighting function, in the sense that the estimated total energy correlated linearly with the subjective magnitude ratings obtained in Exp. 2, were based on the detection threshold data obtained in Exp. 1. Specifically, the strength of each vibration component was calculated relative to the human detection threshold at the same frequency, thereby taking into account human sensitivity to vibration signals at different frequencies. The resulting weighting function can be applied to other recorded vibration signals to predict user rating of perceived vibration intensities.
Reports on the topic "Perceived magnitude"
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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Monetary Policy Report - July de 2021. Banco de la República, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2021.
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Macroeconomic summary The Colombian economy sustained numerous shocks in the second quarter, pri¬marily related to costs and supply. The majority of these shocks were unantic¬ipated or proved more persistent than expected, interrupting the recovery in economic activity observed at the beginning of the year and pushing overall inflation above the target. Core inflation (excluding food and regulated items) increased but remained low, in line with the technical staff’s expectations. A third wave of the pandemic, which became more severe and prolonged than the previous outbreak, began in early April. This had both a high cost in terms of human life and a negative impact on Colombia's economic recovery. Between May and mid-June roadblocks and other disruptions to public order had a sig¬nificant negative effect on economic activity and inflation. The combination and magnitude of these two shocks likely led to a decline in gross domestic product (GDP) compared to the first quarter. Roadblocks also led to a significant in¬crease in food prices. The accumulated effects of global disruptions to certain value chains and increased international freight transportation prices, which since the end of 2020 have restricted supply and increased costs, also affected Colombia’s economy. The factors described above, which primarily affected the consumer price index (CPI) for goods and foods, explain to a significant degree the technical staff’s forecast errors and the increase in overall inflation above the 3% target. By contrast, increases in core inflation and in prices for regulated items were in line with the technical staff’s expectations, and can be explained largely by the elimination of various price relief measures put in place last year. An increase in perceived sovereign risk and the upward pressures that this im¬plies on international financing costs and the exchange rate were further con¬siderations. Despite significant negative shocks, economic growth in the first half of the year (9.1%) is now expected to be significantly higher than projected in the April re¬port (7.1%), a sign of a more dynamic economy that could recover more quickly than previously forecast. Diverse economic activity figures have indicated high¬er-than-expected growth since the end of 2020. This suggests that the negative effects on output from recurring waves of COVID-19 have grown weaker and less long-lasting with subsequent outbreaks. Nevertheless, the third wave of the coro¬navirus, and to an even greater degree the previously mentioned roadblocks and disruptions to public order, likely led to a decline in GDP in the second quar¬ter compared to the first. Despite this, data from the monthly economic tracking indicator (ISE) for April and May surpassed expectations, and new sector-level measures of economic activity suggest that the negative impact of the pandemic on output continues to moderate, amid reduced restrictions on mobility and im¬provements in the pace of vaccination programs. Freight transportation registers (June) and unregulated energy demand (July), among other indicators, suggest a significant recovery following the roadblocks in May. Given the above, annual GDP growth in the second quarter is expected to have been around 17.3% (previously 15.8%), explained in large part by a low basis of comparison. The technical staff revised its growth projection for 2021 upward from 6% to 7.5%. This forecast, which comes with an unusually high degree of uncertain¬ty, assumes no additional disruptions to public order and that any new waves of COVID-19 will not have significant additional negative effects on economic activity. Recovery in international demand, price levels for some of Colombia’s export com¬modities, and remittances from workers abroad have all performed better than projected in the previous report. This dynamic is expected to continue to drive recovery in the national income over the rest of the year. Continued ample international liquidity, an acceleration in vacci¬nation programs, and low interest rates can also be ex¬pected to favor economic activity. Improved performance in the second quarter, which led to an upward growth revision for all components of spending, is expected to continue, with the economy returning to 2019 production levels at the end of 2021, earlier than estimated in the April report. This forecast continues to account for the short-term effects on aggregate demand of a tax reform package along the lines of what is currently being pro-posed by the national government. Given the above, the central forecast scenario in this report projects growth in 2021 of 7.5% and in 2022 of 3.1% (Graph 1.1). In this scenar¬io, economic activity would nonetheless remain below potential. The noted improvement in these projections comes with a high degree of uncertainty. Annual inflation increased more than expected in June (3.63%) as a result of changes in food prices, while growth in core inflation (1.87%) was similar to projections.