Journal articles on the topic 'Perceived anomie'
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1
Ionescu, Octavia, Julie Collange, and Jean Louis Tavani. "The Good Old Days and the Scary Future Ones." Social Psychology 54, no. 3 (May 2023): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000514.
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Abstract: Building on the social psychology literature on collective memory, we tested if national nostalgia fosters collective angst through greater perceived societal anomie among French participants. Consistent with our predictions, a correlational study ( N = 535) and an experimental study ( N = 370) showed that nostalgia for France’s past predicted greater angst regarding its future through increased perceptions that present French society is more anomic than before. These findings suggest that (1) our representations of the national past shapes how we perceive present and future society and (2) national nostalgia, besides acting as a coping mechanism against existential threats as suggested in previous work, might also feed these threats by fostering perceptions of an anomic present and a frightening future.
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Heydari, Arash, Ali Teymoori, and Hedayat Nasiri. "Development of Suicidality within Socioeconomic Context: Mediation Effect of Parental Control and Anomie." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 68, no. 1 (February 2014): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.68.1.d.
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Despite some scientific research on suicide as one of the most serious social and mental health problems in Iran, there is still lack of research on the effective structural and socio-familial factors contributing to the issue in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate some of the effective variables conditioning suicidality while also establishing a synthetic model. Three hundred-fifty university students (165 males, 185 females) were randomly chosen from Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. The participants were asked to complete a package of self-report questionnaires including subjective socioeconomic status (SES), feeling of anomie, perceived parental control, and suicidality. The results show that all correlations among variables are significant. For testing the theoretical model, results of standardized regression coefficients suggest that SES has direct effect on suicidality and indirect effect via anomie and parental control. In addition, parental control has direct effects on suicidality and indirect effect via anomie as well. The findings confirm the expected paths hypothesized among variables which are consistent with the theories of Durkheim, Merton, Kohn, and Agnew. It implies that the development of suicidality takes place within socioeconomic context through the influence of parental control and feeling of anomie.
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Khan, Abdul Karim, Samina Qurat-ul-ain, and Chris M. Bell. "Benign envy and malicious envy: Relative deprivation, anomie, and perceived opportunity." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 15547. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.15547abstract.
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Sârbu, Emanuel Adrian, Bogdan Nadolu, Remus Runcan, Mihaela Tomiță, and Florin Lazăr. "Social predictors of the transition from anomie to deviance in adolescence." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): e0269236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269236.
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Adolescence is a complicated, full of challenges and explorations period in life on the way to adulthood. The behaviour of adolescents is considerably re-configuring under the pressure of biological, psychological, and social transformations, and the internalization of community rules and values, as well as the adoption of desirable behaviours, is not always easy or successful. During adolescence, anomie can easily become an attractive status quo, but it can also evolve, however, relatively easy, to delinquency. This exploratory study, part of the Planet Youth project, is based on an analysis of 17 items from a questionnaire applied to a sample of 2,694 young people in Bucharest, Romania, in 2018, high schoolers in grades 9–11. The main objective of this approach was to assess the impact of some socio-cultural factors regarding school, family, peer group, and neighbourhood on the adoption of deviant and delinquent behaviours among Bucharest teenagers. For data analysis, two dependent variables were built by aggregating items in the questionnaire: the level of anomie (composed of 8 items) and deviant behaviour (composed of 17 items). As independent variables, 17 predictors composed from 67 questions from the questionnaire were used. The main results reflect a high level of anomie among the adolescents of Bucharest and a low level of deviance, and a weak link between these two variables. On the other hand, adolescent anomie and deviance are favoured by anger management, perceived peer attitudes to substance use and digital leisure, together with low parental surveillance.
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Chen, Chung-wen, and John B. Cullen. "SUPERVISORS’ SELF-PERCEIVED SOCIAL CLASS AND ETHICS: A Cross-Cultural Analysis." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 04, no. 10 (February 3, 2015): 08–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20150410a02.
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We employed Robert Merton’s anomie theory to examine supervisors’ ethics. We examined whether supervisors with a lower self-perceived social class are more likely to justify ethically suspect behaviors than are those with a higher self-perceived social class and whether cultural values influence this individual-level association. The results did not show that supervisors’ self-perceived social class is able to predict their ethics. However, supervisors’ self perception of social class could explain their ethics under the influences of cultural values, and the statistical report indicated that assertiveness, in-group collectivism, future orientation, humane orientation and the importance of the economy exert a moderating effect on the individual-level relationship between supervisors’ self-perceived social class and ethics. The sample contained 11,728 supervisors from 28 countries.
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Bjarnason, Thoroddur. "Parents, Religion and Perceived Social Coherence: A Durkheimian Framework of Adolescent Anomie." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37, no. 4 (December 1998): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1388154.
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Juza, Marta. "AFTER LATE MODERNITY: POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR FUTURE SOCIAL CHANGES." Studia Humanistyczne AGH 18, no. 3 (2019): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/human.2019.18.3.7.
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Contemporary society is currently undergoing milestone transformations. Many are the signs that modernity is moving into the background, no longer the dominant form of social order. This phase of decline is connected to numerous problems: a sense of uncertainty, a normative crisis, or, in other words, a state of anomie. The question therefore arises as to what comes next. If anomie is perceived as an illness, then three further scenarios are possible: the end of the world, crisis as a permanent state of affairs, or a healthy “recovery” which would entail the emergence and stabilization of a new type of society. This article presents all three of these variants: a society scattered across a network form of social order, a social order based upon a new type of community, and an order which, on a broad scale, incorporates nonhuman objects within human societies.
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Li, Weidong, Shuzhuo Li, and Marcus W. Feldman. "Marriage Aspiration, Perceived Marriage Squeeze, and Anomie Among Unmarried Rural Male Migrant Workers in China." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 3 (May 2019): 155798831985617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319856170.
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CRANK, JOHN P., ROBERT REGOLI, JOHN D. HEWITT, and ROBERT G. CULBERTSON. "Institutional and Organizational Antecedents of Role Stress, Work Alienation, and Anomie among Police Executives." Criminal Justice and Behavior 22, no. 2 (June 1995): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854895022002004.
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This study assessed the idea that pervasive features of the occupational environment adversely affect the working psychology of police executives. These features of the chiefs' occupational environment, it is suggested, overwhelm individual characteristics that in themselves are perceived to have positive effects. Data were provided from nationally based random-sampling surveys of police chiefs and sheriffs. Individual characteristics of interest to police reformers were selected. It was found that measures of these characteristics were consistently associated with positive psychological outcomes. However, when measures of institutional and organizational effects were included, the beneficial outcomes often disappeared.
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Andersson, Matthew A. "Modern Social Hierarchies and the Spaces between: How Are Subjective Status Inconsistencies Linked to Mental Well-Being?" Social Psychology Quarterly 81, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 48–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272517753687.
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Higher socioeconomic status is linked to higher mental well-being, but modern individuals inhabit multiple hierarchies and reference groups—and thus well-being may be determined between as much as within socioeconomic statuses. Drawing on proprietary national data collected by Gallup in 2017, I find that inconsistency between one’s perceived standing in society and one’s standing in more local hierarchies based in neighbors or friends is quite common. Individuals with negative status inconsistency (lower perceived status among one’s neighbors or friends relative to society) exhibit diminished mental well-being relative to those without. Relational or interpersonal mechanisms, including lower closeness to others, anomie or social disengagement, and diminished meaning in life, appear to partially or mostly explain how status inconsistencies undermine well-being. However, these relational mechanisms vary in their explanatory importance across types of inconsistencies and types of well-being. Positive and negative status inconsistencies both show links to lower-quality social relations.
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Obadare, Ebenezer. "White-collar fundamentalism: interrogating youth religiosity on Nigerian university campuses." Journal of Modern African Studies 45, no. 4 (November 12, 2007): 517–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x07002868.
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ABSTRACTHome historically to a politically engaged youth sector, Nigeria has, over the past two decades, witnessed a growing incidence of religious extremism involving educated youth, especially within university campuses. For all its important ramifications, and despite the continued infusion of social and political activity in the country by religious impulse, this phenomenon has yet to receive a systematic or coherent treatment in the relevant literature. This paper aims to locate youthful angst displayed by Nigerian university students within the context of postcolonial anomie and the attendant immiseration of civil society. Youth religious extremism on Nigerian campuses reflects both young people's frustration with national processes, and their perceived alienation from modernity's ‘cosmopolitan conversation’.
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Jacques, Djigou, Nyock Ilouga Samuel, and Moussa Mouloungui Aude Carine. "Emotions Interact With Empowering Leadership to Reduce Counterproductive Work Behavior." Review of European Studies 15, no. 4 (November 15, 2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v15n4p14.
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Getting a grasp of the psycho-affective processes and social anomie leading to counterproductive work behavior (Fox & Spector, 2006) represents a major challenge for researchers and organizations. The Cameroonian context is characterized by widespread impoverishment, which incites some officials to divert the objectives of the prescribed work to their personal interest, with no regard to the damage caused to either the organization or its members (Nyock Ilouga et al., 2018). This study examines the mediating role of emotions in the relationship between empowering leadership and counterproductive work behavior. 156 civil servants of both sexes were selected to complete a questionnaire which includes both the Empowering Leadership Questionnaire (Arnold et al., 2000) and the Job Affective-relative Work questionnaire (Van Katwyk et al., 2000). Our results suggest that the emotions felt by employees mediate the effect of perceived empowering leadership on the counterproductive behavior that employees manifest at work.
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El Shakry, Omnia. "YOUTH AS PERIL AND PROMISE: THE EMERGENCE OF ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY IN POSTWAR EGYPT." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 4 (November 2011): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381100119x.
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AbstractA public discourse of “youth crisis” emerged in 1930s Egypt, partly as a response to the widespread student demonstrations of 1935 and 1936 that ushered in the figure of youth as an insurgent subject of politics. The fear of youth as unbridled political and sexual subjects foreshadowed the emergence of a discourse of adolescent psychology. By the mid-1940s, “adolescence” had been transformed into a discrete category of analysis within the newly consolidated disciplinary space of psychology and was reconfigured as a psychological stage of social adjustment, sexual repression, and existential anomie. Adolescence—perceived as both a collective temporality and a depoliticized individual interiority—became a volatile stage linked to a psychoanalytic notion of sexuality as libidinal raw energy, displacing other collective temporalities and geographies. New discursive formations, for example, of a psychology centered on unconscious sexual impulses and a cavernous interiority, and new social types, such as the “juvenile delinquent,” coalesced around the figure of adolescence in postwar Egypt.
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Bor, Alexander, Frederik Jørgensen, and Michael Bang Petersen. "The COVID-19 pandemic eroded system support but not social solidarity." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): e0288644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288644.
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While the World was busy mitigating the disastrous health and economic effects of the novel coronavirus, a less direct, but not less concerning peril has largely remained unexplored: the COVID-19 crisis may have disrupted some of the most fundamental social and political relationships in democratic societies. We interviewed samples resembling the national population of Denmark, Hungary, Italy and the US three times: in April, June and December of 2020 (14K observations). We show that multiple (but not all) measures of support for the political system decreased between April and December. Exploiting the panel setup, we demonstrate that within-respondent increases in indicators of pandemic fatigue (specifically, the perceived subjective burden of the pandemic and feelings of anomie) correspond to decreases in system support and increases in extreme anti-systemic attitudes. At the same time, we find no systematic trends in feelings of social solidarity, which are largely unaffected by changes in pandemic burden.
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Tuliao, Kristine Velasquez, Chung-Wen Chen, and Tsung-Yu WU. "Employees’ perceived institutional importance, organizational norms, and organizational citizenship behavior: Insights from a multilevel assessment of the institutional anomie theory." Journal of Social Psychology 160, no. 5 (February 10, 2020): 624–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2020.1726857.
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Vo, Thuy Thi Diem, Kristine Velasquez Tuliao, and Chen Chung-wen. "MANAGERS’ ETHICS OF TAX EVASION: THE ROLES OF FAMILY, RELIGION, AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS." E+M Ekonomie a Management 25, no. 3 (September 2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-3-004.
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Tax income is one of the essential financial resources to maintain a nation’s development, as tax revenue promotes the advancement of social welfare and community affairs. However, tax evasion has been a persistent governmental and societal concern. In order to expand insights on tax evasion of managers, the authors used Emile Durkheim’s sociological theory of anomie to investigate the individual-level association between managers’ perceived family and religion importance and their attitude toward tax evasion. Additionally, the theory was employed to examine how country-level aspects moderate that individual-level relationship. The hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) method was utilized to analyze data of 3,475 managers from 47 countries obtained from the World Values Survey (WVS). Results indicated that the managers’ perceived family and religion importance were negatively related to their ethics of tax evasion. Moreover, the individual-level relationships were moderated by the country-level factors of poverty, good governance, political integration, and social integration. Most study findings supported Durkheim’s original propositions, whereas complementary arguments were offered to explain the results contradicting them. Since there are no existing studies on the influence of managers’ perceived family and religion importance on the ethics of tax evasion and how social perspectives moderate their impacts, the results of this study offer deeper insights into understanding the issue. Practical implications for organizations and society were discussed to reinforce managers’ ethics of tax evasion. The study findings will help organizations and governments establish social programs that will decrease managers’ likelihood to evade taxes, thereby contributing to the development of organizations and the nation.
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McCarthy, Molly, Kristina Murphy, Elise Sargeant, and Harley Williamson. "Examining the relationship between conspiracy theories and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy: A mediating role for perceived health threats, trust, and anomie?" Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 22, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 106–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asap.12291.
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Ogunmefun, Folorunsho Muyideen, and Oyeyemi Tolulope Evelyn. "Political Process and Insecurity Among Youths in Oshodi-Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i3.269.
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Political insecurity is an inevitable endemic menace negating human development across most of the developing nations. However, various reviewed publications posits that youths in most of all developing nations are categorized as crime prone segment of the country used by the state political actors for obstructing political process based on their perceived political vested interest. Youths in all human society are known as the catalyst for accelerating and achieving progressive socio-economic and political development if properly managed otherwise apolitical involvement of the youths in political processes will degenerate to social milieu such as civil unrest, traumatization, retrogressive economic development, death, bad national and international image among the league of nations, Anomie and structural functionalist theories were adopted Qualitative method was adopted for data collection from 40 respondents through the use of In-depth interview and purposive sampling techniques while content method of data analysis was adopted for the transcription of the data collected from the interviewees at Oshodi-Isolo, Lagos. Large numbers of the interviewees concluded that Nigeria political processes, elections, electioneering process is faulty therefore there is a needs for proper reorientation, full sensitization and socialization of Nigerian on the types of political culture and community controlling policing measure needed to foster the growth and development of political process in Nigeria More so, Nigeria youths should purged themselves out of preconceived notion that labeled them (youths) as agent of political violence or insecurity in the country so as to enjoy progressive democratic ethos
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Ene, Warikiente, and Michael Olomu. "YAHOO BOYS ACTIVITIES AND THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY: MATTERS ARISING." International Journal of Strategic Research in Education, Technology and Humanities 11, no. 1 (September 9, 2023): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijsreth.v11.i1.13.
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This study examines the impact of yahoo boys’ (young fraudsters) activities on the Nigerian economy, drawing from the perspectives of Merton's theory on structural strain and crime, as well as Emile Durkheim's anomie theory. To accomplish this, the research employed a content analysis methodology, primarily relying on secondary data sources. The findings of this study illuminate the substantial economic repercussions of these individuals' actions, with Nigeria incurring significant financial losses running into billions of Naira. These "yahoo boys" not only fail to contribute productively to the economy but also engage in illicit activities to accumulate wealth. Consequently, their activities lead to financial losses for both individuals and businesses, exert pressure on economic policies, and present formidable challenges for the government, such as combating inflation, managing welfare crises, and addressing business disruptions, among other issues. The driving forces behind the activities of these young fraudsters include greed, the scarcity of employment opportunities, and the perceived failure of the government to effectively penalize criminal behavior. As a result, this study recommends that the government should implement policies aimed at fostering youth employment prospects. Additionally, stringent measures should be established to regulate and curtail the misuse of internet technology, with a particular focus on discouraging illegal activities. Furthermore, government and other relevant organizations should engage in youth-oriented programs aimed at redirecting their skills towards constructive endeavors while instilling core values of honesty, integrity, and hard work. These initiatives are vital steps towards mitigating the adverse effects of "yahoo boys" activities on the Nigerian economy and society as a whole.
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Chernukha, N., and A. Slabkovska. "SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A MODERN NECESSITY FOR ADOPTIVE PARENTS." Pedagogical education: theory and practice. Psychology. Pedagogy, no. 34 (2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2409.2020.34.12.
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The article summarises scientific work on social responsibility. It is emphasised that the social responsibility of the state is one of the mechanisms for ensuring the quality and efficiency of public administration. The functions of the state that reproduce social responsibility are represented, they include: fulfillment of international obligations, achievement of priority national interests and strategic goals of state development, formation of decent living conditions and prospects for human development, etc. The structure of social responsibility is considered. There are two main types (real and potential) of social responsibility. Under real social responsibility should be perceived responsibility in terms of personal factors. By potential social responsibility we mean the presence of effective social control that can ensure that each perpetrator is brought to the appropriate type of social responsibility in cases of violation of social norms, and in personal — a person’s awareness of responsibility for the consequences of personal activities. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the results of a study on social responsibility and highlight the main features of social responsibility of adoptive parents. The system of measures for child protectionin Ukraine is represented, including: determination of basic legal, economic, organizational, cultural and social principles for child protection, improvement of legislation on legal and social protection of children, bringing it in line with international legal norms in this area. It is concluded that the presence of social responsibility of adoptive parents is a guarantee of strategic and tactical goals of the adoption process. It is emphasized that untimely social responsibility, and even more so its absence, significantly weakens the resource of normative social relations, unbalances the established mechanisms of social control, can lead to anarchy, unpredictability, instability, ochlocracy, anomie of society as a whole system or its destruction.
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Markov, Boris V. "Man in a network society." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 2 (2021): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.201.
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Today we are not talking about criticism of the traditional image of man, but about the end of faith in human exceptionalism. The human rights movement is recognized as a form of logo-centrism and is shifting towards the protection of the rights of women, children, the disabled, prisoners, migrants and other minorities. Voices are heard in defense of the rights of animals and non-human beings with artificial intelligence (a pair of robots have already obtained citizenship rights); scientists are discussing the possibility of reconstructing human beings based on gene technology. A profound transformation of perceptions about man is taking place in the models of the new network globalization, which replaces the liberal and conservative projects of the unity of mankind. The development of PR technology, which dealt a blow to the ideals of individual freedom and democracy in civil society, has turned man into a controlled being. The order of a global network society is no longer determined by human criteria of good and evil, but by information and financial flows. The digital revolution in work and entertainment, education and culture, as well as economics and politics has led to the creation of many digital counterparts, while man himself, deprived of the protection of the state and society, has found himself in a situation of anomie and total loneliness. Thus, transhumanism is no longer a mental experiment of marginal philosophy, but a post-human stage of civilization development. Discussions about the future of a network society, artificial intelligence and human construction based on gene technologies should not be perceived as intellectual entertainment, which free minds have been exposed to in recent years. They should not be neglected, because the more scenarios of possible development will be created and calculated, the better humanity will respond to the next crisis.
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Campelo, Nicolas, Alice Oppetit, Françoise Neau, David Cohen, and Guillaume Bronsard. "Who are the European youths willing to engage in radicalisation? A multidisciplinary review of their psychological and social profiles." European Psychiatry 52 (August 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.03.001.
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AbstractBackground:A new model of radicalisation has appeared in Western countries since the 2010s. Radical groups are smaller, less hierarchical and are mainly composed of young, homegrown individuals. The aim of this review is to decipher the profiles of the European adolescents and young adults who have embraced the cause of radical Islamism and to define the role of psychiatry in dealing with this issue.Methods:We performed a systematic search in several databases from January 2010 to July 2017 and reviewed the relevant studies that included European adolescents and/or young adults and presented empirical data.Results:In total, 22 qualitative and quantitative studies were reviewed from various fields and using different methodologies. Psychotic disorders are rare among radicalised youths. However, they show numerous risk factors common with adolescent psychopathologies. We develop a comprehensive three-level model to explain the phenomenon of radicalisation among young Europeans: (1) individual risk factors include psychological vulnerabilities such as early experiences of abandonment, perceived injustice and personal uncertainty; (2) micro-environmental risk factors include family dysfunction and friendships with radicalised individuals; (3) societal risk factors include geopolitical events and societal changes such as Durkheim’s concept of anomie. Some systemic factors are also implicated as there is a specific encounter between recruiters and the individual. The former use sectarian techniques to isolate and dehumanise the latter and to offer him a new societal model.Conclusion:There are many similarities between psychopathological manifestations of adolescence and mechanisms at stake during the radicalisation process. As a consequence, and despite the rarity of psychotic disorders, mental health professionals have a role to play in the treatment and understanding of radical engagement among European youth. Studies with empirical data are limited, and more research should be promoted (in particular in females and in non-Muslim communities) to better understand the phenomenon and to propose recommendations for prevention and treatment.
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Trufanov, Dmitry O., Dmitry V. Savochkin, Alina D. Maltseva, and Tatyana A. Marchenko. "Distance learning as both a crisis and window of opportunity in student’s perception at Siberian universities." Siberian Socium 5, no. 2 (2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2021-5-2-29-45.
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The relevance of the topic is related to the need of understanding the positive and negative effects of universities transitioning to distance learning. They should be taken into account in the management of the process of digitalization of education. The aim of this article is to study the perception of students of Siberian universities of the transition to distance learning in 2020. The novelty of our approach to the study of this problem is the use of theoretical premises of the phenomenological paradigm and the ethnomethodological approach. This approach allows revealing the representations of distance learning in the personal reality of students as participants in the educational process. The research method is a semi-formalized in-depth interview. This study involved full-time 2nd-4th year students of three universities of the Krasnoyarsk Region. A total of 24 interviews were conducted. The results show that the majority of students perceived the emergency transition to distance learning as a crisis. The conditions of distance learning came into conflict with the subjective meanings and expectations of students in relation to the educational process. Students express negative assessments of the abrupt transition to distance learning, talk about a decrease in educational motivation, a sense of social deprivation after switching to distance learning. The respondents’ answers indicate the experience of anomie, the blurring of student identity, and the sense of losing the meaning of the educational process. Students with an increased level of subjectivity in educational activities more positively perceived the transition to distance learning and saw in it new opportunities for self-development. They have a higher level of internal motivation to achieve personal educational results, and are able to effectively organize their activities in the context of distance learning. In the course of distance learning, most students have become accustomed to this format: there has been a restructuring of everyday practices, the formation of new dispositions that organize educational activities. Despite this, all respondents consider distance learning as an auxiliary format that complements the traditional classroom form of organizing the educational process. This indicates that at present, digital learning technologies are poorly integrated into the system of higher education, which, according to the authors, has become the main factor in students’ experience of the transition to distance learning as a crisis phenomenon.
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Peltzer, Karl, Dorothy Malaka, and Nancy Phaswana. "PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF SUBSTANCE USE AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 8 (January 1, 2001): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.8.799.
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The present study sought to investigate the relationships between substance use and psychological variables among 799 first-year South African university students chosen by random sampling. Psychological correlates (in terms of minor psychiatric morbidity, perceived stress, sensation-seeking, self-esteem, subjective health, and anomia) of substance use were found to be associated with the use of specific substances. Sensation-seeking was associated with the use of cannabis, alcohol and tobacco; minor psychiatric morbidity with cannabis and alcohol use; and anomia with cannabis use. Logistic regression on cannabis use identified male gender and sensation-seeking as independent predictors for current cannabis use.
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Jakubowska, Urszula, and Krzysztof Kaniasty. "Post-communist transformation in progress: Poles’ attitudes toward democracy." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47, no. 3-4 (September 2014): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2014.10.005.
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The present study investigates how Poles perceive the post-communist political system of contemporary Poland. A nationwide random sample of 400 adults was selected, using a probability quota sampling strategy, and interviewed face-to-face in respondents’ homes. The chief outcome variables were: full acceptance, conditional acceptance, and rejection of the Polish version of democracy. The majority of respondents generally approved, fully or at least conditionally, the new democratic system in Poland. Multiple regression analyses showed that differential attitudes toward Polish democracy depend on respondents’ age, their understanding of the concept of democracy, evaluations of democracy in general, and levels of political anomie.
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Nunes, Francisco Guilherme, and Luis Manuel Martins. "Janusian, anomic, agent, and steward: How employees perceive the identity of healthcare organizations." International Journal of Healthcare Management 11, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1297884.
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Bleakley, Paul. "‘No action required’: A historical pattern of inaction and discretion towards child sexual abuse in Queensland policing." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 93, no. 2 (April 4, 2019): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x19839281.
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Throughout much of the 20th century, the Queensland Police Force were led by an administration of senior officers more engaged with corrupt practices than with the prosecution of child sexual abuse. An unwillingness within the police force to take action against suspected child sex offenders on many occasions could be perceived to obstruct investigations and provide a layer of protection to this kind of criminal behaviour. Examination of archival material suggests that Queensland police were motivated by an anomic condition within the force that led to deviance from established social norms governing attitudes towards child sexual abuse cases.
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Kostina, Elena, and Nadezhda Orlova. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Modern Russian Society." Всероссийский криминологический журнал 12, no. 6 (December 24, 2018): 795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(6).795-805.
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The authors research the criminal situation in the conditions of globalization, reproduction of social risks, crisis and dominance of economic processes over all spheres of social and private life. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the actual degree of criminogenity of most important social institutions in modern Russia from the standpoint of the anomie theory of E. Durkheim, its interpretation by R. Merton and of the institutional anomie theory of S. Messner and R. Rosenfeld. They highlight changes in traditional non-economic social institutions and the actualization of conditions causing social stratification according to the «inclusion/exclusion» criterion, which act as a basis for the development of systemic deviantization factors. At the same time, the authors stress that the research of objective social processes should go hand-in-hand with the research of the subjective component, namely, social attitudes aimed at the assessment and the degree of interiorization, declared and often imposed and viewed as meaningful incentives for reaching objectives. This research uses the method of analyzing the secondary data of public surveys, it analyzes statistical data, including various socio-economic, demographic and other indices as well as the questionnaire method. In order to predict the situation in the sphere of studying criminal behavior, the authors suggest paying attention to the processes of de-commoditization, which act as a basis for reducing the imbalance in how a person perceives his/her position in society; they also suggest taking into consideration the negative impact of economic aspects on the cultural and moral principles of the society.
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Avicor, Silas Wintuma, Richard Adu-Acheampong, and Godfred Kweku Awudzi. "Outbreak and Insecticide Susceptibility of Pod Feeding-larvae on Cocoa in Ghana." Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 45, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.45.1.04.
Abstract:
Cocoa is an important foreign exchange earner and a major source of income for several households in Ghana. In 2018, a larval outbreak on cocoa pods was reported in Ghana. Although the origin is unknown, it was perceived to be a secondary pest outbreak. In this study, a survey was conducted in the outbreak areas to identify and determine the occurrence of the pest and its susceptibility to a commonly used insecticide. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to identify the pest, determine the level of infestation, insecticide susceptibility, and field management. The outbreak was mainly caused by larvae of Anomis leona (~96% infestation of cocoa trees in some communities) with extensive feeding damage (chewing channels/tunnels) on the pericarp of pods. Field populations of A. leona larvae from districts in the Central region subjected to bifenthrin were susceptible at the recommended field rate (0.0245%) for mirids after 48 h of exposure under laboratory conditions. The insecticide induced a median lethal concentration (LC50) of ≤0.0061% and ≤0.0018% on A. leona larvae from Jukwa and Twifo Praso in the Central region at 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Field application of bifenthrin was able to suppress infestation. The findings show that Anomis larvae were responsible for the outbreak, inducing extensive damage on pods. Bifenthrin was toxic to the larvae and could be used to manage them on the field. The outbreak indicates the need to develop an integrated management and monitoring strategy for cocoa pests to minimize future outbreaks.
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Adolphe Messanga, Gustave, and Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih. "When Society Deteriorates: Political Intolerance, Perceived Anomic Threat and Participation in Anti-system Collective Actions in the Context of Authoritarian Democracy." Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 3 (2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20221103.14.
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Mouafo, Achille Vicky Dzuetso, Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih, and Gustave Adolphe Messanga. "Perceived Anomic Threat, Beliefs in LGBTQ Conspiracy Theories and Support for Violence Against LGBTQ Minorities in a Highly Heteronormative Context: The Case of Cameroon." Current Research in Psychology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/crpsp.2023.10.23.
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Wałęsa-Chorab, Monika, and William G. Skene. "Extending the Color Retention of an Electrochromic Device by Immobilizing Color Switching and Ion-Storage Complementary Layers." Electronic Materials 1, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat1010005.
Abstract:
The thermal polymerization of a bis(triphenylamine)-bis(styrene) monomer on ITO coated glass gave an electroactive film that underwent two stepwise oxidations. The perceived color change of the film upon stepwise oxidation was colorless-to-yellow followed by yellow-to-blue. The anodic cyclic voltammogram of the monomer was consistent over multiple cycles. The immobilized film could be reversibly switched between its colorless and blue states with applied potential in both a half- and full-electrochromic functioning device. The devices could also reversibly switch their colors upwards of 6 h. The retention of the electrochemically induced blue color was contingent on the device architecture. Upwards of 80% of the color was maintained 30 min after the potential was turned off with the double-layer electrochromic device structure. This device was prepared from two electroactive layers: a bis(triphenylamine) and viologen-based polymers that were immobilized on the electrodes. In contrast, 50% of the color of the active electrochromic device that was prepared from a single electroactive layer bleached 7 min once the potential was no longer applied.
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Vagaská, Alena, Miroslav Gombár, and Ľuboslav Straka. "Selected Mathematical Optimization Methods for Solving Problems of Engineering Practice." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062205.
Abstract:
Engineering optimization is the subject of interest for many scientific research teams on a global scale; it is a part of today’s mathematical modelling and control of processes and systems. The attention in this article is focused on optimization modelling of technological processes of surface treatment. To date, a multitude of articles are devoted to the applications of mathematical optimization methods to control technological processes, but the situation is different for surface treatment processes, especially for anodizing. We perceive their lack more, so this state has stimulated our interest, and the article contributes to filling the gap in scientific research in this area. The article deals with the application of non-linear programming (NLP) methods to optimise the process of anodic oxidation of aluminium using MATLAB toolboxes. The implementation of optimization methods is illustrated by solving a specific problem from engineering practice. The novelty of this article lies in the selection of effective approaches to the statement of optimal process conditions for anodizing. To solve this complex problem, a solving strategy based on the design of experiments approach (for five factors), exploratory data analysis, confirmatory analysis, and optimization modelling is proposed. The original results have been obtained through the experiment (performed by using the DOE approach), statistical analysis, and optimization procedure. The main contribution of this study is the developed mathematical-statistical computational (MSC) model predicting the thickness of the resulting aluminium anodic oxide layer (AOL). Based on the MSC model, the main goal has been achieved—the statement of optimal values of factors acting during the anodizing process to achieve the thickness of the protective layer required by clients, namely, for 5, 7, 10, and 15 [μm].
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Stephani, Victor, Daniel Opoku, and Easmon Otupiri. "Determining the potential of mobilephone-based health interventions in Kumasi, Ghana." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i2.6.
Abstract:
Background: Numerous reviews have reported generally positive outcomes of mobile phone-based health (mHealth) interventions in the sub-Saharan African countries, especially for people with non-communicable diseases. At the same time, the mHealth landscape is burdened by a lack of sustainability. A recently published review has identified several context factors that influence the successful implementation of mHealth. Therefore, the aim is to use these contextual factors to assess the potential for mHealth in a particular clinical setting.Design: The study used a cross-sectional, descriptive design.Setting: The clinical setting of the study was the ‘Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital’ in Kumasi, Ghana.Participants: 150 patients attending the diabetes clinic were surveyed.Main outcome measures: Context factors that influence the perceived usefulness and ease of use of mHealth.Results: The survey revealed that patients at the diabetes centre had a positive attitude towards mobile phones, but also a low familiarity. Whereas patients faced several access barriers to care, most enabling resources for the successfuland sustainable implementation of mHealth interventions such as access to mobile phones and electricity were available.Conclusions: There is a high potential for mHealth in the setting of the diabetes clinic in Kumasi, Ghana.Keywords: Ghana, mHealth, Diabetes, potentialFunding: None Declared
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Otieku, Evans, Ama Pokuaa Fenny, Appiah-Koran Labi, Alex Kwame Owusu-Ofori, Jørgen Kurtzhals, and Ulrika Enemark. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance among healthcare seekers in two tertiary hospitals in Ghana: a quasi-experimental study." BMJ Open 13, no. 2 (February 2023): e065233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065233.
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo evaluate knowledge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), to study how the judgement of health value (HVJ) and economic value (EVJ) affects antibiotic use, and to understand if access to information on AMR implications may influence perceived AMR mitigation strategies.DesignA quasi-experimental study with interviews performed before and after an intervention where hospital staff collected data and provided one group of participants with information about the health and economic implications of antibiotic use and resistance compared with a control group not receiving the intervention.SettingKorle-Bu and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospitals, Ghana.ParticipantsAdult patients aged 18 years and older seeking outpatient care.Main outcome measuresWe measured three outcomes: (1) level of knowledge of the health and economic implications of AMR; (2) HVJ and EVJ behaviours influencing antibiotic use and (3) differences in perceived AMR mitigation strategy between participants exposed and not exposed to the intervention.ResultsMost participants had a general knowledge of the health and economic implications of antibiotic use and AMR. Nonetheless, a sizeable proportion disagreed or disagreed to some extent that AMR may lead to reduced productivity/indirect costs (71% (95% CI 66% to 76%)), increased provider costs (87% (95% CI 84% to 91%)) and costs for carers of AMR patients/societal costs (59% (95% CI 53% to 64%)). Both HVJ-driven and EVJ-driven behaviours influenced antibiotic use, but the latter was a better predictor (reliability coefficient >0.87). Compared with the unexposed group, participants exposed to the intervention were more likely to recommend restrictive access to antibiotics (p<0.01) and pay slightly more for a health treatment strategy to reduce their risk of AMR (p<0.01).ConclusionThere is a knowledge gap about antibiotic use and the implications of AMR. Access to AMR information at the point of care could be a successful way to mitigate the prevalence and implications of AMR.
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Arts, Remo A. G. J., Erwin L. J. George, Andreas Griessner, Clemens Zierhofer, and Robert J. Stokroos. "Tinnitus Suppression by Intracochlear Electrical Stimulation in Single-Sided Deafness: A Prospective Clinical Trial - Part I." Audiology and Neurotology 20, no. 5 (2015): 294–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381936.
Abstract:
Cochlear implantation is a viable treatment option for tinnitus, but the underlying mechanism is yet unclear. Is the tinnitus suppression due to the reversal of the assumed maladaptive neuroplasticity or is it the shift in attention from the tinnitus to environmental sounds and therefore a reduced awareness that reduces tinnitus perception? In this prospective trial, 10 patients with single-sided deafness were fitted with a cochlear implant to investigate the effect of looped intracochlear electrical stimulation (i.e. stimulation that does not encode environmental sounds) on tinnitus, in an effort to find optimal stimulation parameters. Variables under investigation were: amplitude (perceived stimulus loudness), anatomical location inside the cochlea (electrode/electrodes), amplitude modulation, polarity (cathodic/anodic first biphasic stimulation) and stimulation rate. The results suggest that tinnitus can be reduced with looped electrical stimulation, in some cases even with inaudible stimuli. The optimal stimuli for tinnitus suppression appear to be subject specific. However, medium-to-loud stimuli suppress tinnitus significantly better than soft stimuli, which partly can be explained by the masking effect. Although the long-term effects on tinnitus would still have to be investigated and will be described in part II, intracochlear electrical stimulation seems a potential treatment option for tinnitus in this population.
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Gordon, Jean K., and Sharice Clough. "How Do Clinicians Judge Fluency in Aphasia?" Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 65, no. 4 (April 4, 2022): 1521–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00484.
Abstract:
Purpose: Aphasia fluency is multiply determined by underlying impairments in lexical retrieval, grammatical formulation, and speech production. This poses challenges for establishing a reliable and feasible tool to measure fluency in the clinic. We examine the reliability and validity of perceptual ratings and clinical perspectives on the utility and relevance of methods used to assess fluency. Method: In an online survey, 112 speech-language pathologists rated spontaneous speech samples from 181 people with aphasia (PwA) on eight perceptual rating scales (overall fluency, speech rate, pausing, effort, melody, phrase length, grammaticality, and lexical retrieval) and answered questions about their current practices for assessing fluency in the clinic. Results: Interrater reliability for the eight perceptual rating scales ranged from fair to good. The most reliable scales were speech rate, pausing, and phrase length. Similarly, clinicians' perceived fluency ratings were most strongly correlated to objective measures of speech rate and utterance length but were also related to grammatical complexity, lexical diversity, and phonological errors. Clinicians' ratings reflected expected aphasia subtype patterns: Individuals with Broca's and transcortical motor aphasia were rated below average on fluency, whereas those with anomic, conduction, and Wernicke's aphasia were rated above average. Most respondents reported using multiple methods in the clinic to measure fluency but relying most frequently on subjective judgments. Conclusions: This study lends support for the use of perceptual rating scales as valid assessments of speech-language production but highlights the need for a more reliable method for clinical use. We describe next steps for developing such a tool that is clinically feasible and helps to identify the underlying deficits disrupting fluency to inform treatment targets. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19326419
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Obirikorang, Yaa, Emmanuel Acheampong, Enoch Odame Anto, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Eric Adua, John Taylor, Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo, et al. "Nexus between constructs of social cognitive theory model and diabetes self-management among Ghanaian diabetic patients: A mediation modelling approach." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 7 (July 25, 2022): e0000736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000736.
Abstract:
The promotion of Diabetes Self-Management (DSM) practices, education, and support is vital to improving the care and wellbeing of diabetic patients. Identifying factors that affect DSM behaviours may be useful to promote healthy living among these patients. The study assessed the determinants of DSM practices among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using a model-based social cognitive theory (SCT). This cross-sectional study comprised 420 (T2DM) patients who visited the Diabetic Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi-Ghana. Data was collected using self-structured questionnaires to obtain socio-demographic characteristics, T2DM-related knowledge, DSM practices, SCT constructs; beliefs in treatment effectiveness, level of self-efficacy, perceived family support, and healthcare provider-patient communication. Path analysis was used to determine direct and indirect effects of T2DM-related knowledge, perceived family support, and healthcare provider service on DSM practices with level of self-efficacy mediating the relationships, and beliefs in treatment effectiveness as moderators. The mean age of the participants was 53.1(SD = 11.4) years and the average disease duration of T2DM was 10 years. Most of the participants (65.5%) had high (>6.1mmol/L) fasting blood glucose (FBG) with an average of 6.93(SD = 2.41). The path analysis model revealed that age (p = 0.176), gender (p = 0.901), and duration of T2DM (p = 0.119) did not confound the relationships between the SCT constructs and DSM specified in the model. A significant direct positive effect of family and friends’ support (Critical ratio (CR) = 5.279, p < 0.001) on DSM was observed. Self-efficacy was a significant mediator in this relationship (CR = 4.833, p < 0.001). There were significant conditional indirect effects (CIE) for knowledge of T2DM and family and friends’ support at medium and high levels of belief in treatment effectiveness (p < 0.05) via level of self-efficacy on DSM practices. However, no evidence of moderated-mediation was observed for the exogenous variables on DSM. Diabetes-related knowledge of T2DM, family and friends’ support, level of self-efficacy, and belief in treatment effectiveness are crucial in DSM practices among Ghanaian T2DM patients. It is incumbent to consider these factors when designing interventions to improve DSM adherence.
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Bonney, Joseph, Esi Amissah, Sonia Cobbold, and Paa Kobina Forson. "Why Patients Refuse to Enroll in Hospital-Based Research: Perception of Patients Presenting to KATH Emergency Department." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19004114.
Abstract:
Introduction:Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Emergency Department (KATH ED) is a tertiary referral center in Ghana. Anecdotally, patients seeking care at KATH ED do not actively participate in research initiatives.Aim:To find out why patients presenting to KATH ED do not enroll in research studies that are conducted in the department.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional survey of patients presenting to the ED for one month in June 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was presented to patients presenting to KATH ED from 8:00-20:00 each day. Patients who were interviewed were all patients presenting to the ED for care, including those who had refused to enroll in the ongoing ACESO study. Patients had to be conscious, alert, and with conditions that did not require immediate management.Results:35% of the interviewees (91/260) had been approached to enroll in research studies at some point in the past. 13.5% had refused to enroll in a research study. 45.7% of those who refused to enroll admitted that they were afraid to enroll in a study; 28.6% had inadequate information and 22.9% perceived enrolling in a study would delay their treatment. The Akan language (73%) was most commonly used by research assistants then English (26%), and finally Hausa (1%) to interact with patients. There was a significant association between educational background and explaining a study to a patient before they enrolled. Males were more willing to enroll in an ongoing study compared to females. All age groups correlated significantly with being approached to enroll in a research study and similarly all age groups also correlated with refusing to enroll in a research studyDiscussion:Patients are paramount to hospital research. Efforts must be made to ensure that patients concerns and needs are addressed to ensure increasing participation.
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Sackey, Ruth Charlotte, Pearl Adu-Nyako, Leah Ratner, and Angela Osei-Bonsu. "Social Capital for Caregivers of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Kumasi, Ghana; a Multidisciplinary Approach to Patient and Caregiver Wellness." BJPsych Open 9, S1 (July 2023): S142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.388.
Abstract:
AimsTo demonstrate the role of psychosocial support groups in providing social capital for caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders as an integral part of service delivery.MethodsA descriptive prospective pilot study was conducted at the child neuropsychiatric joint clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. A support group was initiated for caregivers of children attending the clinic, with the support of a multidisciplinary team of two psychiatrists, a paediatric neurologist, nurses, a clinical psychologist, an occupational, art, and speech therapists. Fifty (50) caregivers enrolled in the support group. A total of three face-to-face psychoeducational sessions, monthly Whatsapp discussions on topical issues of interest to caregivers and an outdoor social event were conducted over a period of one year. During sessions, healthcare providers provided psycho-education about illness management and coping skills for caregivers. Caregivers shared their experiences for the purposes of peer-peer learning and peer support. Information was gathered from caregivers on their psychosocial needs through open forum discussions and a questionnaire administered needs assessment. A retrospective evaluation of the support group intervention among caregivers was carried out using a mixed method, after a year's participation in the support group.ResultsFrom pilot observations of 30 of the caregivers who completed the evaluation, 85% rated the support group as highly beneficial, 10% rated as beneficial, and more than 95% of them will recommend the service to other caregivers. Caregivers perceive support groups as providing a forum to empower providers to educate caregivers about their well-being, de-stigmatize mental health, and strengthen the trust between caregivers and providers. They may also provide increased opportunities for respite and relaxation.ConclusionThere must be improved social capital for caregivers of patients with chronic illnesses, with emphasis on coping during periods of stress and change. Caregiver and peer support groups are critical to improved psycho-social well-being and smooth service delivery for children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their families.
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Lisiecki, Mirosław Jan. "HOMOSEKSUALIZM W ASPEKCIE WYBRANYCH TEORII KRYMINOLOGICZNO-SOCJOLOGICZNYCH." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 1, no. 121 (March 1, 2016): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5678.
Abstract:
Artykuł przedstawia problematykę homoseksualizmu na tle wybranych teorii kryminologiczno-socjologicznych. W pierwszej części ukazano funkcjonowanie mniejszości seksualnych na tle teorii zachowań dewiacyjnych. Realizacja popędu homoseksualnego może czasami naruszać zarówno przyjęte normy moralne, jak i prawne w danej społeczności. Są to tzw. zachowania dewiacyjne uznane za szkodliwe w aspekcie moralnym i obyczajowym. W ocenie opinii społecznej kultury dominującej takim zachowaniem może być właśnie homoseksualizm. Fenomenologię i etiologię tego rodzaju zachowań próbują zgłębić i wyjaśnić różne teorie socjologiczno-kryminologiczne, m.in. teoria naznaczenia społecznego. U homoseksualistów poddanych procesowi stygmatyzacji może wytworzyć się negatywny obraz samego siebie (ang. negative self-image), mający duży wpływ na ich przyszłe aspołeczne zachowanie. Źródłem dewiacji mogą być więc determinanty sytuacyjne lub kulturowe oraz dążenie do ukształtowania własnej tożsamości i stres psychiczny, ale również uleganie normom subkultury uważanej za dewiacyjną. W drugiej części scharakteryzowano homoseksualizm w aspekcie tzw. dewiacji pozytywnej, czyli aprobowanej przez grupę społeczną, której teoria naznaczenia społecznego nie określa. W kategoriach dewiacji pozytywnej można rozpatrywać obecną działalność organizacji gejowskich w Polsce stawiających sobie m.in. za cel szerzenie tolerancji wobec mniejszości seksualnych, kreowanie pozytywnego wizerunku geja i lesbijki w społeczeństwie oraz konsolidację środowiska homoseksualnego, a także prowadzenie w szerokim zakresie działalności prewencyjnej, informacyjnej i populizatorskiej. Cechą dewiacji Keywords: homosexuality, criminology, sociology, deviation, subculture, the dominant culture, the confl ict of cultures Summary: The article presents the problematic aspects of the homosexuality arising in connection with chosen criminological and sociological theories. In the fi rst part one showed the functioning of sexual minorities against the background of the theory of deviation behaviour. The realization of the homosexual urge can sometimes violate accepted moral norms as well as legal norms existing in the community. This is called deviation behaviour and is harmful in the moral aspect. The homosexuality can be perceived as such behaviour in the evaluation of the dominant social culture opinion. Some sociological and criminological theories, for example the theory of social marking, try to deepen the phenomenology and the etiology of this kind of behaviour. These homosexuals who are socially marked may form the negative self-image which has a large impact on their future social behaviour. Thus the source of the deviation can be situational or cultural determinants as well as the aspiration to form their own identity and the psychical stress but also the compliance to standards of the subculture considered that is deviation. In the second part one characterized the homosexuality in the aspect so-called the positive deviation that is approved by the social group whose theory of social marking does not determine. The present activity of gay organizations in Poland which purpose is the propagation of the tolerance towards sexual minorities, creating of the positive image of gays and lesbians in the society and the unifi cation of homosexuals and also conducting the preventive and informational activities, may be considered as positive deviation. However, the unselfi sh character of the mo- Nr 1(121) Homoseksualizm w aspekcie wybranych teorii… 105 pozytywnej powinien być jednak nieegoistyczny charakter motywacji działań nonkonformistycznych wykraczających poza granice tolerancji lub obojętności społecznej oraz dążenie do prospołecznie ukierunkowanego przezwyciężenia sytuacji anomii społecznej. W przeciwieństwie do konformizmu nonkonformizm nie cieszy się popularnością w sytuacji tego rodzaju zachowań. Obecnie homoseksualizm jest traktowany jako normalna orientacja płciowa w tzw. kulturze zachodniej i nie jest uznawany za dewiację społeczną. Wiele środowisk traktuje jednak homoseksualizm jako aberrację z biologicznego punktu widzenia. Trzecia część artykułu omawia problem funkcjonowania mniejszości seksualnej na tle teorii konfl iktu kultur. Społeczeństwo stanowi konglomerat różnych kultur, grup i stylów życia oraz uznawanych wartości nadrzędnych, przy czym jedna z tych podkultur może być dominująca lub nie. Implikuje to traktowanie określonych zachowań jako dewiacyjnych albo nakazanych, względnie tolerowanych w zależności od rodzaju kultury i grupy społecznej. Podkultura homoseksualna domagająca się pewnych praw, a przede wszystkim równego we wszystkim traktowania zgodnie z zasadą konstytucyjną określoną w art. 32 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, wnosi do kultury dominującej sprzeczne z nią normy zachowania, wzory i wartości, które nie są pożądane, ale mogą być tolerowane, o ile nie naruszają dóbr chronionych przez prawo. Domaganie się przez homoseksualistów akceptacji i tolerancji jest obecnie odbierane jako słuszne wobec norm konstytucyjnych, jednak bardzo kontrowersyjne wydają się żądania uznania instytucji małżeństwa i adopcji dzieci, bowiem uderza to w istniejący dotychczas porządek moralny i społeczny, co nie jest jeszcze w Polsce i w większości państw na świecie akceptowane.
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Bieliński, Jacek, and Andreas Hövermann. "Perceived marketization in Poland: Translating key concepts of institutional anomie theory to the micro level." European Journal of Criminology, February 24, 2021, 147737082199685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370821996853.
Abstract:
Institutional anomie theory (IAT) describes the potentially criminogenic impact of economically dominated social institutions. Although originally cast at the macro level of society, more efforts have emerged lately to capture the IAT framework on the individual level, resulting in a need for appropriate measures representing the presumed marketization processes. Our study addresses this need by offering a theoretically derived, comprehensive measure of the individual-level instantiation of an anomic culture depicted in IAT, that is, ‘marketized mentality’. Structural equation models testing for the single higher-order factor marketized mentality are calculated with a representative random sample of Poland’s population. Finally, the implications and limitations resulting from the analyses are discussed.
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Peker-dural, Hilal, Nihan Selin Soylu, and Çağlar Solak. "TURKISH ADAPTATION OF THE PERCEPTION OF ANOMIE SCALE: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY." Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, May 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1431178.
Abstract:
Anomie describes a situation in which society does not meet individuals' expectations and does not offer moral standards and a just and reasonable social context. Perceived anomie is related to numerous psychological variables, such as political decisions and self-esteem. This study aims to adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Perception of Anomie Scale. The sample consisted of 332 participants (189 women) aged between 18-66. For convergent validity we used Group Integration Scale and Belief in a Dangerous World Scale, for discriminant validity we used General Belief in a Just World Scale and Social Dominance Orientation Scale, for predictive validity we used Life Satisfaction Scale and Importance of Identity Scale. The results demonstrated the structural validity of the scale and presented adequate evidence for the measurement validity of the Turkish version of the Perception of Anomie Scale.
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Ionescu, Octavia, Julie Collange, and Jean Louis Tavani. "Perceived societal anomie and the implicit trajectory of national decline: Replicating and extending Yamashiro and Roediger (2019) within a French sample." Memory Studies, July 7, 2022, 175069802211084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980221108479.
Abstract:
To date, most research has investigated people’s representations of the national past and future separately and the few that examined the relationships between the two overlooked the role of the group’s present. The present study aimed to replicate previous results showing an implicit trajectory of national decline among Americans within a French sample and additionally examined whether perceived societal anomie— that is, perceiving that present society is disintegrated and disregulated—would accentuate this trajectory of decline. Results first showed a positivity bias for the French past and a negativity bias for the French future; thus, replicating previous results showing an implicit trajectory of national decline in another national context. Moreover, the trajectory of decline was steeper for participants who perceived present French society as highly anomic; but only because they projected more negative national futures. Explanations for the conflicting results in the literature regarding valence biases in collective memory are discussed.
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Puhrmann, Aaron, and Christian A. I. Schlaerth. "Taking the “Black Pill”: Anomie, Perceived Social Death, and the Incel Phenomenon Online." Deviant Behavior, September 26, 2023, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2023.2263613.
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Ionescu, Octavia, Jean Louis Tavani, and Julie Collange. "Political Extremism and Perceived Anomie: New Evidence of Political Extremes’ Symmetries and Asymmetries Within French Samples." International Review of Social Psychology 34, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/irsp.573.
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Manunta, Efisio, Maja Becker, Vivian L. Vignoles, Paul Bertin, Eleonora Crapolicchio, Camila Contreras, Alin Gavreliuc, et al. "Populism, Economic Distress, Cultural Backlash, and Identity Threat: Integrating Patterns and Testing Cross-National Validity." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, March 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461672241231727.
Abstract:
Populism is on the rise across liberal democracies. The sociopsychological underpinnings of this increasing endorsement of populist ideology should be uncovered. In an online cross-sectional survey study among adult samples from five countries (Chile, France, Italy, Romania, and the United Kingdom; N = 9,105), we aimed to replicate an economic distress pattern in which relative deprivation and identity threat are associated with populism. We further tested a cultural backlash pattern—including perceived anomie, collective narcissism, and identity threat as predictors of populism. Multigroup structural equation models supported both economic distress and cultural backlash paths as predictors of populist thin ideology endorsement. In both paths, identity threat to belonging played a significant role as partial mediator. Furthermore, an integrative model showed that the two patterns were not mutually exclusive. These findings emphasize the implication of identity threat to belonging as an explanatory mediator and demonstrate the cross-national generalizability of these patterns.
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Ionescu, Octavia, Jean Louis Tavani, and Julie Collange. "Perceived societal anomie, collective memory, and support for collective action: Perceiving that current French society is anomic influences present support for collective action through the reconstructed national past." Asian Journal of Social Psychology, November 30, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12438.
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Zeng, Zhao‐Xie, Cai‐Yu Tian, Jia‐Yan Mao, Jan‐Willem van Prooijen, Yue Zhang, Shen‐Long Yang, Xiao‐Na Xie, and Yong‐Yu Guo. "How does economic inequality shape conspiracy theories? Empirical evidence from China." British Journal of Social Psychology, October 21, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12689.
Abstract:
AbstractConspiracy theories tend to be prevalent, particularly in societies with high economic inequality. However, few studies have examined the relationship between economic inequality and belief in conspiracy theories. We propose that economic inequality leads people to believe conspiracy theories about economically advantaged groups (i.e., upwards conspiracy theories) and that moral evaluations of those groups mediate this relationship. Study 1 (N = 300) found support for these ideas in a survey among Chinese residents. Study 2 (N = 160) manipulated participants' perceptions of economic inequality in a virtual society. The manipulation shaped moral evaluations of economically advantaged groups, and conspiracy beliefs, in the predicted manner. In Study 3 (N = 191) and Study 4 (N = 210), we experimentally manipulated participants' perceptions of economic inequality in real Chinese society and replicated the results of Study 2. In addition, in Study 4, we find that economic inequality predicts belief in conspiracy theories about economically disadvantaged groups (i.e., downward conspiracy theories), which was mediated by anomie. We conclude that perceived economic inequality predicts conspiracy theories about economically advantaged groups and that moral evaluations account for this effect. Also, upward and downward conspiracy theory beliefs are associated with different psychological processes.
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Roblain, Antoine, Jessica Gale, Soha Abboud, Camila Arnal, Thierry Bornand, Mado Hanioti, Olivier Klein, et al. "Social control and solidarity during the COVID ‐19 pandemic: The direct and indirect effects of causal attribution of insufficient compliance through perceived anomie." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, January 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.2600.