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1

Larcombe, Alexander N., and Philip C. Withers. "Thermoregulatory, metabolic and ventilatory physiology of the western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville bougainville) in summer and winter." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 1 (2006): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05072.

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The metabolic, thermoregulatory and ventilatory physiology of western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville bougainville), measured in the laboratory during summer and winter at ambient temperatures of 10 and 30°C, is relatively unusual for a peramelid marsupial. It has a low thermoneutral body temperature (33.7 ± 0.2°C), a very high basal metabolic rate (0.68 ± 0.03 mL O2 g–1 h–1 at ambient temperature = 30°C), low respiratory exchange ratios (often less than 0.7) and a high thermal conductance, reflecting its high oxygen consumption rate and low body temperature. Ventilatory frequency and tidal volume were variable between seasons, although minute volume and oxygen extraction efficiency were not. Minute volume of the western barred bandicoot was higher than expected, reflecting its high metabolic rate. Time of year (i.e. season) had an effect on some aspects of metabolic, thermoregulatory and ventilatory physiology (carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, total evaporative water loss), but this effect was not as substantial nor as general as the effect of ambient temperature.
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2

Bennett, Mark D., Lucy Woolford, Philip K. Nicholls, Kristin S. Warren, and Amanda J. O'Hara. "Hepatic Intranuclear Glycogen Inclusions in Western Barred Bandicoots (Perameles Bougainville)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20, no. 3 (May 2008): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000323.

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3

Westerman, M., and C. Krajewski. "Molecular relationships of the Australian bandicoot genera Isoodon and Perameles (Marsupialia: Peramelina)." Australian Mammalogy 22, no. 1 (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am00001.

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12S rRNA sequences resolve the two Australian bandicoot genera Perameles and Isoodon as monophyletic clades which diverged from one another in the middle Miocene. Perameles bougainville, the most divergent species of this genus, appears to have split from the P. gunnii + P. nasuta lineage in the late Miocene, whilst subsequent speciation events occurred in the latter half of the Pliocene. Within Isoodon, although there was a clear recognition of an I. macrourus group of taxa, little support could be found for the continued recognition of the Tasmanian I. obesulus and the Barrow Island form of I. auratus as separate subspecies. Major radiations within Isoodon appear to have occurred in the last 3 million years as Australia became more arid.
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4

SMALES, LESLEY R. "A review of the nematode genus Labiobulura (Ascaridida: Subuluridae) parasitic in bandicoots (Peramelidae) and bilbies (Thylocomyidae) from Australia and rodents (Murinae: Hydromyini) from Papua New Guinea with the description of two new species." Zootaxa 2209, no. 1 (August 26, 2009): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2209.1.1.

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The nematode genus Labiobulura Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, presently known from bandicoots (Isoodon Desmarest and Perameles Geoffroy), and bilbies (Macrotis Reid) from Australia and rodents (Leptomys Thomas) from Papua New Guinea is revised. Diagnoses of Labiobulura, Labiobulura (Archeobulura) Quentin and Labiobulura (Labiobulura) Quentin and a key to all species of the genus are given. Five species are redescribed: L. (A.) leptomyidis Smales from L. paulus Musser, Helgen & Lunde, L. (A.) peragale Johnston & Mawson from M. leucura (Thomas), L. (L.) baylisi Mawson from I. macrourus (Gould) and P. nasuta Geoffroy, L. (L.) inglisi Mawson from I. obesulus (Shaw), P. bougainville Quoy & Gaimard and P. gunnii Gray, L. (L.) peramelis Baylis from I. macrourus and two are described as new: L. (A.) perditus from P. bougainville, L. (L.) quentini from I. obesulus and the identification of the hosts determined. The significance of the relationship between the placement of the amphids and cephalic papillae and the labial lobes is discussed and the denticles surrounding the mouth opening in the sub genus Labiobulura are described, both for the first time. There is evidence for host specificity in the Archeobulura with each parasite species limited to a single host species but less so for the Labiobulura with three of five species found in more than one host species.
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5

Woolford, L., A. J. O'Hara, M. D. Bennett, M. Slaven, R. Swan, J. A. Friend, A. Ducki, et al. "Cutaneous Papillomatosis and Carcinomatosis in the Western Barred Bandicoot (Perameles bougainville)." Veterinary Pathology 45, no. 1 (January 2008): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.45-1-95.

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6

Warren, Kristin, Ralph Swan, Tracey Bodetti, Tony Friend, Stephanie Hill, and Peter Timms. "OCULAR CHLAMYDIALES INFECTIONS OF WESTERN BARRED BANDICOOTS (PERAMELES BOUGAINVILLE) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 36, no. 1 (March 2005): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/02-067.

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7

Bennett, Mark D., Lucy Woolford, Amanda J. O'Hara, Philip K. Nicholls, Kristin S. Warren, K. Lisa Hulme-Moir, and Phillip Clark. "Hematologic characteristics of captive western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville) from Western Australia." Veterinary Clinical Pathology 36, no. 4 (December 2007): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2007.tb00439.x.

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8

Jose, DP, IG McLean, and MC Calver. "Recognition of predators by two species of captive?reared peramelids." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 2 (2002): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02213.

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Predator recognition testing was used to determine whether two species of captive bred marsupials have retained the skills to respond to native and exotic predators. Captive-bred western barred bandicoots Perameles bougainville and bilbies Macrotis lagotis were exposed to a model hawk or a stuffed cat to determine their level of recognition and response to these predators. Both species responded to the avian predator (hawk). M. lagotis showed stronger responses involving running or adopting an alert posture, while P. bougainville responded with altered walking behaviour. M. lagotis were also exposed to a stuffed cat. They showed an increase in running behaviour in response to this exotic mammalian predator. The level of response for both species was neither rapid nor vigorous, providing little confidence in their effective response to predators if released back in to the wild. Further research should include the feasibility of predator recognition training and behavioural studies after release.
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9

Bennett, Mark D., Lucy Woolford, Amanda J. O'Hara, Philip K. Nicholls, and Kristin S. Warren. "Clinical chemistry values and tissue enzyme activities in western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville)." Veterinary Clinical Pathology 37, no. 2 (June 2008): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00040.x.

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10

Bennett, M. D., L. Woolford, A. J. O'Hara, P. K. Nicholls, K. Warren, and R. P. Hobbs. "A NEW EIMERIA SPECIES PARASITIC IN WESTERN BARRED BANDICOOTS, PERAMELES BOUGAINVILLE (MARSUPIALIA: PERAMELIDAE), IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Parasitology 92, no. 6 (December 2006): 1292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-892r.1.

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11

Bennett, Mark D., Lucy Woolford, Michael J. Banazis, Amanda J. O’Hara, Kristin S. Warren, Philip K. Nicholls, Colleen Sims, and Stanley G. Fenwick. "Coxiella burnetii in Western Barred Bandicoots (Perameles bougainville) from Bernier and Dorre Islands in Western Australia." EcoHealth 8, no. 4 (December 2011): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-011-0729-3.

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12

Bennett, Mark D., Lucy Woolford, Amanda J. O'Hara, Kristin S. Warren, and Philip K. Nicholls. "In situ hybridization to detect bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus type 1 in biopsies from endangered western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville)." Journal of General Virology 89, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83455-0.

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The western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville) is an endangered Australian marsupial species in which a papillomatosis and carcinomatosis syndrome occurs. Bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus type 1 (BPCV1) is associated with the lesions of this progressively debilitating syndrome. Five digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes were generated for in situ hybridization (ISH) and the technique was optimized and performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies. Staining of keratinocyte and sebocyte nuclei within lesions was achieved with all five probes. The sensitivity of ISH (76.9 %) surpassed that of PCR (30.8 %) for FFPE samples. The sensitivity of ISH varied from 81 % (papillomas) and 70 % (carcinoma in situ) to 29 % (squamous cell carcinomas). The specificity of the test was confirmed using an irrelevant probe and papillomas from other species. These results strengthen the association between BPCV1 and the western barred bandicoot papillomatosis and carcinomatosis syndrome and give insight into the biology of the virus–host interaction.
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13

Richards, J. D., and Jeff Short. "Reintroduction and establishment of the western barred bandicoot Perameles bougainville (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) at Shark Bay, Western Australia." Biological Conservation 109, no. 2 (February 2003): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00140-4.

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14

Short, Jeff, J. D. Richards, and Bruce Turner. "Ecology of the western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville) (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) on Dorre and Bernier Islands, Western Australia." Wildlife Research 25, no. 6 (1998): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97131.

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Population structure, reproduction, condition, movements and habitat preference were assessed for western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville) on Dorre and Bernier Islands over seven trapping sessions between 1988 and 1995. Data comes from 372 captures of bandicoots in 2535 trap-nights (an average of 14·7 captures per 100 trap-nights). Trap success was 5.7–25.8% on Dorre and 5.7–7.6% on Bernier. Recaptures within a trip made up 29% of bandicoot captures. The overall sex ratio (excluding recaptures) was skewed heavily towards males at 1.7: 1 for trapped animals, but varied between male and female dominance at any time according to reproductive status of females. Sex ratio of pouch young was 1.2: 1. Production of young was concentrated in the wetter winter months. The smallest western barred bandicoot with pouch young weighed 175 g. Bandicoots showed a pattern of increasing litter size with size of mother. Females with young had an average litter size of 1.8, with young reaching independence at about 100 g body weight. Large testes size relative to body size in males suggested a promiscuous mating system. Body condition could be predicted by sex (females were typically in better condition than males) and by rainfall over the previous 2 months. Some sexual dimorphism was evident, with females having longer heads and typically being heavier than males. There was no detected dimorphism between island populations. Movements of bandicoots appeared limited, with the median distance moved by animals captured more than once within a 9–11-day trapping session being 154 m. There was no significant difference in movements between the sexes, with males moving a median distance of 160 m and females 138 m within trapping sessions. The greatest movement by a male was 1020 m while the greatest distance moved by a female was 490 m. Only 13% of recorded movements were greater than 400 m. Home ranges overlapped, with 51% of traps catching more than one individual and as many as five males being caught at the same trap site. Bandicoots were widely dispersed through all habitats surveyed. Bandicoots appeared to suffer a substantial reduction in numbers on Dorre Island in a prolonged drought extending from October 1986 to April 1989, reducing overall trap success to less than 6% in the 1988 survey.
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15

O’Hara, Patricia J., Peter J. Murray, and Athol V. Klieve. "A review of the nutrition of Australian peramelid marsupials." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 2 (2012): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11008.

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European settlement has had a dramatic impact on the distribution and abundance of peramelid (bandicoot and bilby) marsupials. Predation and competition from introduced species and altered habitat have been implicated in their decline or extinction. Bandicoots and bilbies inhabit a broad range of habitats in Australia. Research on the distribution, morphology, gastrointestinal histology, lactation, metabolism and nutritional physiology of extant peramelid species has increased in the last few decades. This paper provides a review that encompasses recent nutritional-based research. Peramelid research is mostly limited to only three species – Isoodon macrourus, Perameles nasuta and Macrotis lagotis – which prevents effective comparisons between species. Peramelids are broadly classified as omnivores and possess relatively uncomplicated gastrointestinal tracts. The caecum is the region of greatest diversity among species. The relatively large caecum of Chaeropus ecaudatus supports the theory that this species may have been the only herbivorous peramelid. The caecum of M. lagotis is less pronounced than other species and is continuous with the proximal colon. M. lagotis also has a longer total colon length, which aids water conservation to ensure survival in an arid environment. Temperate-zone species such as I. macrourus, I. obesulus and P. nasuta are more similar to each other with respect to gastrointestinal morphology than either C. ecaudatus or M. lagotis. Additional research on the morphometrics of the gastrointestinal tracts of P. gunnii, P. bougainville, P. eremiana, M. leucura and I. auratus would enable further comparisons to determine whether differences are a result of geographic distribution, habitat preference or variation between genera and/or individual species. Currently, histological information of the gastrointestinal tract is limited to the small intestine of P. nasuta and I. macrourus. The histology of the small intestine of the weaned juvenile I. macrourus more closely resembles that of P. nasuta pouch young than P. nasuta adults. The younger bandicoots possessed villi whereas in the adult P. nasuta and I. macrourus villi were arranged in a zig-zag formation. The reason for the zig-zag formation of the villi and the function it may serve remains unclear. Detailed nutritional research on captive M. lagotis, I. macrourus and P. nasuta indicate that the two temperate-zone species – I. macrourus and P. nasuta – are more similar to each other than to the arid-dwelling M. lagotis. Detailed nutritional studies are required on all species, both free-living and captive. Experimental diets do not always accurately reflect a natural diet, which means that results from captive studies may not reflect the situation for free-living animals. The hindgut of peramelids is the main region for retention of digesta, and presumably where microbial digestion occurs. However, no studies have been undertaken to examine the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of bandicoots or the bilby. As captive husbandry is an important tool in conservation management, it should also improve their successful maintenance in captivity by the provision of diets that better meet their nutritional requirements.
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16

Bennett, M. D., L. Woolford, A. J. O'Hara, P. K. Nicholls, K. S. Warren, J. A. Friend, and R. A. Swan. "KLOSSIELLA QUIMRENSIS (APICOMPLEXA: KLOSSIELLIDAE) CAUSES RENAL COCCIDIOSIS IN WESTERN BARRED BANDICOOTS PERAMELES BOUGAINVILLE (MARSUPIALIA: PERAMELIDAE) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Parasitology 93, no. 1 (February 2007): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-1023.1.

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17

Smith, Steve, and Jane Hughes. "Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation defines island genetic reservoirs for reintroductions of an endangered Australian marsupial, Perameles bougainville." Conservation Genetics 9, no. 3 (July 24, 2007): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9368-1.

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18

Short, Jeff. "Predation by feral cats key to the failure of a long-term reintroduction of the western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville)." Wildlife Research 43, no. 1 (2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15070.

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Context Reintroduction of endangered species potentially places them back in contact with putative factors of historical decline, inadvertently providing the opportunity to evaluate their impact. Aims To monitor the long-term progress of a population of western barred bandicoot reintroduced to mainland Australia and to assess factors involved in its eventual local extinction. Methods Bandicoots were reintroduced from offshore Dorre Island to the nearby mainland peninsula of Heirisson Prong in 1995. The narrow neck of the peninsula was fenced to exclude foxes and feral cats from a 1200 ha area, but the area was subject to periodic incursions. There was parallel management of a confined but unsupported population in an in situ 17-ha predator refuge. Bandicoots were assessed for abundance, body condition and reproduction two to four times annually between 1995 and 2010. In addition, perceived threatening processes (drought, disease and the abundance of cats, foxes and rabbits) were monitored. Key results Bandicoots became well established at the site, spreading to all available habitat. Numbers fluctuated strongly, peaking at ~250 in 1999 and then declining to apparent local extinction (with subsequent re-establishment from the refuge), and at ~470 animals in 2006, followed again by extinction. Conclusions Predation by feral cats was implicated as the primary cause of both free-range extinctions and the eventual elimination of all bandicoots from the predator refuge. Other contributing factors in one or more of the declines were a reduction in reproduction and recruitment in bandicoots during a one-in-100-year drought, the impact of overabundant European rabbits on vegetation used by bandicoots for nesting shelter and brief fox incursions at key times. Implications Existing methods of control of feral cats are rendered ineffective in the presence of abundant and diverse native fauna and abundant exotic species (particularly European rabbits). In addition, episodic drought in arid Australia intensifies the impact of predation by restricting reproduction of prey species. These factors hamper the attempts of conservation managers to re-establish vulnerable species at sites other than those with the infrastructure and/or management intensity to largely exclude exotic predators (and preferably European rabbits) over the long-term.
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19

Woolford, Lucy, Mark David Bennett, Colleen Sims, Neil Thomas, James Anthony Friend, Philip Keith Nicholls, Kristin Shannon Warren, and Amanda Jane O’Hara. "Prevalence, Emergence, and Factors Associated with a Viral Papillomatosis and Carcinomatosis Syndrome in Wild, Reintroduced, and Captive Western Barred Bandicoots (Perameles bougainville)." EcoHealth 6, no. 3 (September 2009): 414–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-009-0258-5.

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20

Woolford, Lucy, Annabel Rector, Marc Van Ranst, Andrea Ducki, Mark D. Bennett, Philip K. Nicholls, Kristin S. Warren, Ralph A. Swan, Graham E. Wilcox, and Amanda J. O'Hara. "A Novel Virus Detected in Papillomas and Carcinomas of the Endangered Western Barred Bandicoot (Perameles bougainville) Exhibits Genomic Features of both the Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae." Journal of Virology 81, no. 24 (September 26, 2007): 13280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01662-07.

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ABSTRACT Conservation efforts to prevent the extinction of the endangered western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville) are currently hindered by a progressively debilitating cutaneous and mucocutaneous papillomatosis and carcinomatosis syndrome observed in captive and wild populations. In this study, we detected a novel virus, designated the bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus type 1 (BPCV1), in lesional tissue from affected western barred bandicoots using multiply primed rolling-circle amplification and PCR with the cutaneotropic papillomavirus primer pairs FAP59/FAP64 and AR-L1F8/AR-L1R9. Sequencing of the BPCV1 genome revealed a novel prototype virus exhibiting genomic properties of both the Papillomaviridae and the Polyomaviridae. Papillomaviral properties included a large genome size (∼7.3 kb) and the presence of open reading frames (ORFs) encoding canonical L1 and L2 structural proteins. The genomic organization in which structural and nonstructural proteins were encoded on different strands of the double-stranded genome and the presence of ORFs encoding the nonstructural proteins large T and small t antigens were, on the other hand, typical polyomaviral features. BPCV1 may represent the first member of a novel virus family, descended from a common ancestor of the papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses recognized today. Alternatively, it may represent the product of ancient recombination between members of these two virus families. The discovery of this virus could have implications for the current taxonomic classification of Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae and can provide further insight into the evolution of these ancient virus families.
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21

Pedler, Reece D., Rebecca S. West, John L. Read, Katherine E. Moseby, Michael Letnic, David A. Keith, Keith D. Leggett, Sharon R. Ryall, and Richard T. Kingsford. "Conservation challenges and benefits of multispecies reintroductions to a national park – a case study from New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 4 (2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17058.

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Species reintroductions into predator-controlled areas are an increasingly used conservation tool. Typically, ecological outcomes of such projects (e.g. recruitment, predation) are the focus but seldom necessary legislative, policy, social and institutional processes required for establishing large projects. This particularly applies to protected areas, managed by governments for conservation. Reintroductions are recommended for a third of threatened Australian vertebrates, with the New South Wales Government boldly embarking on a 2013 initiative to return locally extinct mammals to three protected areas. We detail the legislative, policy, social and institutional processes required for one of these sites, Wild Deserts, in Sturt National Park. Seven locally extinct species, including the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis), western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville), golden bandicoot (Isoodon auratus), greater stick-nest rat (Leporillus conditor), crest-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda), western quoll (Dasyurus geoffroii) and burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) will be reintroduced into two exclosures. The scale of the project required identification of an appropriate location, satisfaction of statutory requirements for major infrastructure in a national park, assessments of potential ecological costs and benefits, engagement of the national park agency and other stakeholders (Traditional Owners, other government agencies, neighbours), and staff training to meet government agency requirements. We outline the resourcing, costs and benefits of such a project on government-managed land along with lessons learnt for similar large-scale restoration and reintroduction projects. Future projects would benefit from understanding legislative and policy frameworks and the need for transparency, while maximising efficiencies.
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22

Sims, Colleen, Kelly Rayner, Fiona Knox, and Saul Cowen. "A trial of transmitter attachment methods for Shark Bay bandicoots (Perameles bougainville)." Australian Mammalogy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am20035.

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