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Molokhina, Larisa A., and Sergey A. Filin. "АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ДИФФУЗИИ НА ХАРАКТЕР РОСТА СЛОЕВ В ДВУХКОМПОНЕНТНОЙ МНОГОФАЗНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/1159.
Full textAbstract:
Целью статьи является разработка феноменологической математической модели формирования и роста фаз в части влияния температурной зависимости параметров диффузии на характер роста слоев в двухкомпонентной многофазной системе. Темой исследования является анализ влияния температурной зависимости параметров диффузии на изменение характера роста слоев в двухкомпонентных многофазных системах. Предложено решение задачи использования температурного режима процесса диффузии при разработке технологических процессов сварки, пайки, нанесении покрытий и других, при которых в диффузионной зоне образуются интерметаллические слои, карбиды, нитриды, субоксиды, фосфиды и т. п. с заданными и контролируемыми эксплуатационными характеристиками получаемых новых материалов, их соединений, покрытий и пр. Результаты решения задачи позволяют по известным параметрам температурного режима процесса диффузии, полученным при исследовании двухкомпонентной многофазной системы, целенаправленно контролировать динамику роста, состав образующихся в процессе диффузии слоев, и их выходные параметры в данной системе для получения новых материалов с заданными свойствами.
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Molokhina L. A., Rogalin V. E., Kaplunov I. A., Filin S. A. Dependence of growth of the phases of multiphase binary systems on the diffusion parameters. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2017, v. 91(12), pp. 2302–2309. https://doi.org/10.7868/S00444537171202143
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Gurevich L. M., Trykov Yu. P., Arisova V. N., Kiselev O. S., Kondrat’ev A. Yu., Metelkin V. V. Struktura i svoystva sloistykh titano-alyuminievykh kompozitov, uprochnennykh chastitsami intermetallidov [Structure and properties of layered titanium-aluminum composites reinforced with intermetallide particles]. Izvestiya VolGTU, Seriya «Problemy materialovedeniya svarki i prochnosti v mashinostroenii», 2009(59), pp. 5–10. (in Russ.)
Shmorgun V. G., Trykov Yu. P., Slautin O. V., Bogdanov A. I, Bityuckih A. E. Struktura i svoystva sloistykh titano-alyuminievykh kompozitov, uprochnennykh chastitsami intermetallidov {Effect of thermal and force effects on diffusion layer growth kinetics in nickel-aluminum composite]. Izvestiya VolGTU, Seriya «Problemy materialovedeniya svarki i prochnosti v mashinostroenii», 2009(59), pp. 35–39. (in Russ.)
Chernyshev A. P., Ovchinnikov V. V. Opredelenie inkubatsionnogo perioda strukturnykh i fazovykh prevrashcheniy v stali [Determination of incubation period of structural and phase transformations in steel] Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov. Izvestiya VUZov. Chernaya metallurgiya,1998(2), pp. 48–49. (in Russ.)
Treheus G., Guiraldeng P. Infi uence des paliers de reaction isotherme sur la croissance par diffusione des composes d’un diagramme d’equilibre benaire. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. B, 1972, v. 275, p. 105.
Shmogun V. G., Trykov Yu. P., Slautin O. V., Metelkin V. V., Bogdanov A. I. Kinetika diffuzionnykh protsessov v nikel’-alyuminievoy kompozitsii [Kinetics of diffusion processes in nickel-aluminum composi-tion]. Izvestiya vuzov. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funkcional’nye pokrytiya, 2008(4), pp. 24–28. (in Russ.)
Mazanko V. F., Prokopenko G. I., Shterenberg A. M., Gercriken D. S., Mironova T. V. Osobennosti fazoobrazovaniya v zheleze i stali v usloviyakh ul’trazvukovoy udarnoy obrabotki [Features of phase formation in iron and steel under conditions of ultrasonic impact treatment]. Fizika i himiya obrabotki materialov, 2006(2), pp. 73–82. (in Russ.)
Kulemin A. V., Mickevich A. M. Diffuziya v sisteme Cu–Zn pri deystvii znakoperemennykh napryazheniy [Diffusion in Cu - Zn system under alternating voltages]. Metallofi zika novejshie tehnologii, 2007(3), pp. 305–315. (in Russ.)
Krutilin A. N., Kuharchuk M. N., Sycheva O. A. Review of the methods of intensifi cation of diffused processes of oxides deoxidation // Lit’e i metallurgiya, 2011(60), pp. 45–49. (in Russ.)
Glensk A., Grabowski B., Hickel T., Neugebauer J. Breakdown of the arrhenius law in describing vacancy formation energies: the importance of local anharmonicity revealed by ab initio thermodynamics. Physical Review X, 2014, v. 4(1), p. 011018. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.4.011018
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Polkovnikov, Igor S., Viktoria V. Panteleeva, and Anatoliy B. Shein. "Анодные процессы на Mn5Si3 –электроде в щелочном электролите." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/723.
Full textAbstract:
Методами поляризационных и импедансных измерений изучено анодное поведение Mn5Si3-электрода в растворах (0.5–3.0) М NaОН в области от E коррозии до E выделения кислорода включительно. Сделан вывод, что поверхность силицида марганца в щелочном электролите обогащена металлическим компонентом сплава и продуктами его окисления. Установлены кинетические закономерности анодного поведения Mn5Si3, выяснены механизмы растворения и пассивации силицида, определены кинетические параметры реакции выделения кислорода.
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Shein A. B., Zubova E. N. Protection of Metals, 2005, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11124-005-0034-z
Nikolaichuk P. A., Shalyapina T. I., Tyurin A. G. Vestnik YuUrGU, 2010, no. 31, pp. 72–80. (in Russ.)
Okuneva T. G., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2016, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 383–393. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_18_3_2016_009.pdf (in Russ.)
Polkovnikov S., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Khimiya, 2017, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 250–259. (in Russ.)
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Poirbaix M. Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous solutions. Oxford, Perqamon Press, 1966, p. 664.
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Mouritsen, Flemming. "Forskning i børns kultur stopper." BUKS - Tidsskrift for Børne- & Ungdomskultur 34, no. 60 (March 8, 2023): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/buks.v34i60.136568.
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Penner, A. Raymond. "Induced energy polarization of the vacuum and the rotational curve for the Galaxy." Canadian Journal of Physics 91, no. 2 (February 2013): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2012-0300.
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The theory of an induced energy polarized vacuum, as previously presented by the author (Penner. Can. J. Phys. 90, 315 (2012)), is used to generate a theoretical rotational curve for the Galaxy. The theoretical curve generated is found to be in good agreement with Sofue's (Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 64, (In press) (2012)) compilation of observations. For the baryonic mass distribution and baryonic Tully–Fisher relationship that is used, the theoretical orbital velocity at the Sun's location is found to be (235 ± 15) km s−1. The galactic rotational velocity is then found to slowly fall from this value as it asymptotically approaches the value of (192 ± 15) km s−1.
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Roche, Steven M., Joseph A. Ross, Crystal Schatz, Kendall Beaugrand, Sjoert Zuidhof, Brenda Ralston, Nick Allan, and Merle Olson. "Impact of Dystocia on Milk Production, Somatic Cell Count, Reproduction and Culling in Holstein Dairy Cows." Animals 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030346.
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This study investigated the effects of dystocia on milk production, somatic cell count, reproductivity, disease, and milk production. A total of 2159 cows across 21 dairy farms in Alberta, Canada were enrolled in this study. Multivariable models were created to explore associations between outcome variables and calving ease score. In total, 89.5% of calvings were unassisted, 6.1% were an easy pull, and 4.3% were a moderate–hard pull. Cows that had a moderate–hard pull produced 4.01 kg less milk, 0.12 kg less volume of milk fat, and 0.12 kg less milk protein per day than those that had an unassisted calving. No difference was found between calving ease groups with respect to SCC. Cows with a moderate or hard pull produced 510 kg less milk per lactation than unassisted cows. Cows with a moderate to high level of assistance at birth had a higher hazard of being culled over the duration of their lactation. Cows with an easy pull had increased odds of developing a retained placenta. It is evident that assistance at calving, particularly a moderate–hard pull, is associated with significant impacts on future milk production and risk of being culled; therefore, efforts should be made to minimize dystocia and prevent these impacts.
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Hengl, Tomislav, Preston Sorenson, Leandro Parente, Kimberly Cornish, Jeffrey Battigelli, Carmelo Bonannella, Monika Gorzelak, and Kris Nichols. "Assessment of soil organic carbon stocks in Alberta using 2-scale sampling and 3D predictive soil mapping." FACETS 8 (January 1, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2023-0040.
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A three-dimensional predictive soil mapping approach for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (t/ha) at high spatial resolution (30 m) for Alberta for 2020–2021 is described. A remote sensing data stack was first prepared covering Alberta’s agricultural lands. A total of 404 sampling locations were distributed across Alberta using 2-scale sampling: (1) 22 pilot farms representing main climatic zones and (2) conditioned Latin hypercube sampling at each farm. Soil samples were taken at four standard depths (0–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–100 cm) using soil probes and analyzed for SOC. Predictive models for SOC content and bulk density were built separately and then used to predict at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 100 cm and calculate aggregated SOC stocks per pixel. The SOC content and bulk density models had R squares of 0.61 and 0.68, respectively. Based on these mapping results, grassland soils were consistently associated with higher SOC stocks across all soil types as compared to croplands. The average SOC stocks for grassland soils were 2.1 Mg per hectare, ranging from 2.17 to 6.09 Mg per hectare depending on soil type. Results also showed that >15 % of total SOC stocks were located in subsoil, which was higher than expected.
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Pavlovic, Miroslav. "Green's formula and the Hardy-Stein identities." Filomat 23, no. 3 (2009): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil0903135p.
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This is a collection of some known and some new facts on the holomorphic and the harmonic version of the Hardy-Stein identity as well as on their extensions to the real and the complex ball. For example, we prove that if f is holomorphic on the unit disk D, then ??f ??Hp = ?f(0)?p + ?D?f'(z)? p-2 ?f'(z)?2(1-?z?) dA(z), (?) where Hp is the p-Hardy space, which improves a result of Yamashita [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 75 (1979), no. 1, 69-72]. An extension of (?) to the unit ball of Cn improves results of Beatrous an Burbea [Kodai Math. J. 8 (1985), 36-51], and of Stoll [J. London Math. Soc. (2) 48 (1993), no. 1, 126-136]. We also prove the analogous result for the harmonic Hardy spaces. The proofs of known results are shorter and more elementary then the existing ones, see Zhu [Spaces of holomorphic functions in the unit ball, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 226, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2005, Ch. IV]. We correct some constants in that book and in a paper of Jevtic and Pavlovic [Publ. Inst. Math. (Beograd) (N.S.) 64(78) (1998), 36-52].
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Cohen, Orna, and Rivka Savaya. "Sense of coherence and adjustment to divorce among Muslim Arab citizens of Israel." European Journal of Personality 17, no. 4 (July 2003): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.493.
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This study examined the distinctiveness and causal relationships of Antonovsky's (1979) Sense of Coherence Scale and the Mental Health Index of Veit and Ware (1983) in a sample of 306 divorced Muslim Arab men and women in Israel. The findings, based on confirmatory factor analysis and latent‐variable structural modelling, suggest that in the present sample sense of coherence (SOC) and mental health are two independent but correlated constructs. They also suggest that, consistent with Antonovsky's theory, SOC may be better viewed as a mediator between stress and mental health than as a concurrent outcome of stress, although the latter possibility is not ruled out. Finally, the findings indicate that the SOC of the sample was relatively low in comparison with other groups. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Gaul, Charly, Hans-Christoph Diener, Nicholas Silver, Delphine Magis, Uwe Reuter, Annelie Andersson, Eric J. Liebler, and Andreas Straube. "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for PREVention and Acute treatment of chronic cluster headache (PREVA): A randomised controlled study." Cephalalgia 36, no. 6 (September 21, 2015): 534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102415607070.
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Background Chronic cluster headache (CH) is a debilitating disorder for which few well-controlled studies demonstrate effectiveness of available therapies. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) was examined as adjunctive prophylactic treatment of chronic CH. Methods PREVA was a prospective, open-label, randomised study that compared adjunctive prophylactic nVNS ( n = 48) with standard of care (SoC) alone (control ( n = 49)). A two-week baseline phase was followed by a four-week randomised phase (SoC plus nVNS vs control) and a four-week extension phase (SoC plus nVNS). The primary end point was the reduction in the mean number of CH attacks per week. Response rate, abortive medication use and safety/tolerability were also assessed. Results During the randomised phase, individuals in the intent-to-treat population treated with SoC plus nVNS ( n = 45) had a significantly greater reduction in the number of attacks per week vs controls ( n = 48) (−5.9 vs −2.1, respectively) for a mean therapeutic gain of 3.9 fewer attacks per week (95% CI: 0.5, 7.2; p = 0.02). Higher ≥50% response rates were also observed with SoC plus nVNS (40% (18/45)) vs controls (8.3% (4/48); p < 0.001). No serious treatment-related adverse events occurred. Conclusion Adjunctive prophylactic nVNS is a well-tolerated novel treatment for chronic CH, offering clinical benefits beyond those with SoC.
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Carter, Jeffrey E., Joshua S. Carson, Lisa Rae, Syed F. Saquib, Lucy Wibbenmeyer, and William L. Hickerson. "92 ASCS Treatment Impact on Length of Stay Data and Costs for Patients with Small Burns." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (March 23, 2022): S61—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.095.
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Abstract Introduction Introduction: Small burns with a total body surface area (TBSA) of < 20% account for the large majority (92%) of burn injury hospital admissions. Autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) is a novel treatment for acute thermal burn injuries – including small burns -- that is associated with significantly lower donor skin requirements than split-thickness skin grafts, the traditional standard of care (SOC). The ASCS treatment indication was recently expanded from adult patients to include pediatric patients. Previously modeled analyses suggested that ASCS use is associated with a lower hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs savings versus SOC. This study evaluated whether real-world data (RWD) corroborate these findings in small burns and in both adult and pediatric populations. Methods Methods: Data were collected from January 2019 through August 2020 from 500 facilities in the United States. Adult patients (age ≥ 21) and pediatric patients (< age 21) receiving inpatient burn treatment with ASCS were identified and matched to patients receiving SOC based on sex, age, TBSA < 20%, and comorbidities. Based on typical BEACON model outcomes, LOS was assumed to account for 70% of total costs and was used as a proxy to assess the data. LOS was assumed to cost $7,554 per day. Mean LOS and costs were calculated for the ASCS and SOC adult and pediatric cohorts. The incremental revenue associated with changes in inpatient capacity was also analyzed. Results Results: A total of 151 ASCS and 2,243 SOC adult cases and 19 ASCS and 341 SOC pediatric cases were identified. In adults, the SOC cohort had a higher percentage of patients with TBSA < 20% than the ASCS cohort (82.9% vs. 55.0%). For small burns, sixty-three matches were made for each adult cohort, and seven matches were made for each pediatric cohort. For adults, LOS was 18.5 days with ASCS use and 20.6 days with SOC use (difference: 2.1 days [10.2%]). For pediatrics, the ASCS LOS was 18.6 days, and the SOC LOS was 21.4 days (difference: 2.9 days [15.4%]). This difference led to cost savings of $15,587.62 per adult ASCS patient. Total cost savings with ASCS adult patients were $22,268.03 per patient. The reduced LOS with ASCS adult patients resulted in an increased capacity of 2.0 inpatients per bed per year, which was estimated to increase hospital revenue by $83,894 per burn unit bed annually. Pediatric cost results and savings were similar. Conclusions Conclusion: This RWD analysis shows that small burn treatment with ASCS is associated with reduced LOS and substantial cost savings compared with SOC in both adult and pediatric populations, supporting the validity of previous model projections. ASCS use may also significantly increase hospital revenue related to increased inpatient capacity.
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Poeplau, C., H. Marstorp, K. Thored, and T. Kätterer. "Effect of grassland cutting frequency on soil carbon storage – a case study on public lawns in three Swedish cities." SOIL 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-175-2016.
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Abstract. Soils contain the largest terrestrial carbon pool and thus play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Grassland soils have particularly high soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. In Europe (EU 25), grasslands cover 22 % of the land area. It is therefore important to understand the effects of grassland management and management intensity on SOC storage. City lawns constitute a unique study system in this context, since they provide a high functional diversity and thus a wide range of different management intensities per unit area. In this study we investigated frequently mown (on average eight times per season) utility lawns and rarely mown (once per season) meadow-like lawns at three multi-family housing areas in each of three Swedish cities: Uppsala, Malmö, and Gothenburg. The two different lawn types were compared regarding their aboveground net primary production (NPP) and SOC storage. In addition, root biomass was determined in Uppsala. We found significantly higher aboveground NPP and SOC concentrations and significantly lower soil C : N ratio for the utility lawns compared with the meadow-like lawns. On average, aboveground NPP was 24 % or 0.7 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 higher and SOC was 12 % or 7.8 Mg ha−1 higher. Differences in SOC were well explained by differences in aboveground NPP (R2 = 0.39), which indicates that the increase in productivity due to more optimum CO2-assimilating leaf area, leading to higher carbon input to the soil, was the major driver for soil carbon sequestration. Differences in soil C : N ratio indicated a more closed N cycle in utility lawns, which might have additionally affected SOC dynamics. We did not find any difference in root biomass between the two management regimes, and concluded that cutting frequency most likely only exerts an effect on SOC when cuttings are left on the surface.
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Indravudh, Pitchaya P., Katherine Fielding, Linda A. Sande, Hendramoorthy Maheswaran, Saviour Mphande, Moses K. Kumwenda, Richard Chilongosi, et al. "Pragmatic economic evaluation of community-led delivery of HIV self-testing in Malawi." BMJ Global Health 6, Suppl 4 (July 2021): e004593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004593.
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IntroductionCommunity-based strategies can extend coverage of HIV testing and diagnose HIV at earlier stages of infection but can be costly to implement. We evaluated the costs and effects of community-led delivery of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in Mangochi District, Malawi.MethodsThis economic evaluation was based within a pragmatic cluster-randomised trial of 30 group village heads and their catchment areas comparing the community-led HIVST intervention in addition to the standard of care (SOC) versus the SOC alone. The intervention involved mobilising community health groups to lead 7-day HIVST campaigns including distribution of HIVST kits. The SOC included facility-based HIV testing services. Primary costings estimated economic costs of the intervention and SOC from the provider perspective, with costs annualised and measured in 2018 US$. A postintervention survey captured individual-level data on HIV testing events, which were combined with unit costs from primary costings, and outcomes. The incremental cost per person tested HIV-positive and associated uncertainty were estimated.ResultsOverall, the community-led HIVST intervention costed $138 624 or $5.70 per HIVST kit distributed, with test kits and personnel the main contributing costs. The SOC costed $263 400 or $4.57 per person tested. Individual-level provider costs were higher in the community-led HIVST arm than the SOC arm (adjusted mean difference $3.77, 95% CI $2.44 to $5.10; p<0.001), while the intervention effect on HIV positivity varied based on adjustment for previous diagnosis. The incremental cost per person tested HIV positive was $324 but increased to $1312 and $985 when adjusting for previously diagnosed self-testers or self-testers on treatment, respectively. Community-led HIVST demonstrated low probability of being cost-effective against plausible willingness-to-pay values, with HIV positivity a key determinant.ConclusionCommunity-led HIVST can provide HIV testing at a low additional unit cost. However, adding community-led HIVST to the SOC was not likely to be cost-effective, especially in contexts with low prevalence of undiagnosed HIV.Trial registration numberNCT03541382.
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Herman, Joseph M., Aaron T. Wild, Hao Wang, Phuoc T. Tran, Kenneth J. Chang, Gretchen E. Taylor, Ross C. Donehower, et al. "Randomized Phase III Multi-Institutional Study of TNFerade Biologic With Fluorouracil and Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Final Results." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 7 (March 1, 2013): 886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.44.7516.
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Purpose TNFerade biologic is a novel means of delivering tumor necrosis factor alpha to tumor cells by gene transfer. We herein report final results of the largest randomized phase III trial performed to date among patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and the first to test gene transfer against this malignancy. Patients and Methods In all, 304 patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to standard of care plus TNFerade (SOC + TNFerade) versus standard of care alone (SOC). SOC consisted of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with concurrent fluorouracil (200 mg/m2 per day continuous infusion). TNFerade was injected intratumorally before the first fraction of radiotherapy each week at a dose of 4 × 1011 particle units by using either a percutaneous transabdominal or an endoscopic ultrasound approach. Four weeks after chemoradiotherapy, patients began gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2 intravenously) with or without erlotinib (100 to 150 mg per day orally) until progression or toxicity. Results The analysis included 187 patients randomly assigned to SOC + TNFerade and 90 to SOC by using a modified intention-to-treat approach. Median follow-up was 9.1 months (range, 0.1 to 50.5 months). Median survival was 10.0 months for patients in both the SOC + TNFerade and SOC arms (hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.22; P = .26). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.8 months for SOC + TNFerade versus 7.0 months for SOC (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.32; P = .51). Among patients treated on the SOC + TNFerade arm, multivariate analysis showed that TNFerade injection by an endoscopic ultrasound-guided transgastric/transduodenal approach rather than a percutaneous transabdominal approach was a risk factor for inferior PFS (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.06; P = .032). The patients in the SOC + TNFerade arm experienced more grade 1 to 2 fever and chills than those in the SOC arm (P < .001) but both arms had similar rates of grade 3 to 4 toxicities (all P > .05). Conclusion SOC + TNFerade is safe but not effective for prolonging survival in patients with LAPC.
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Bruni, Elisa, Bertrand Guenet, Yuanyuan Huang, Hugues Clivot, Iñigo Virto, Roberta Farina, Thomas Kätterer, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Martin, and Claire Chenu. "Additional carbon inputs to reach a 4 per 1000 objective in Europe: feasibility and projected impacts of climate change based on Century simulations of long-term arable experiments." Biogeosciences 18, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 3981–4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3981-2021.
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Abstract. The 4 per 1000 initiative aims to maintain and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks for soil fertility, food security, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. One way to enhance SOC stocks is to increase carbon (C) inputs to the soil. In this study, we assessed the amount of organic C inputs that are necessary to reach a target of SOC stocks increase by 4 ‰ yr−1 on average, for 30 years, at 14 long-term agricultural sites in Europe. We used the Century model to simulate SOC stocks and assessed the required level of additional C inputs to reach the 4 per 1000 target at these sites. Then, we analyzed how this would change under future scenarios of temperature increase. Initial stocks were simulated assuming steady state. We compared modeled C inputs to different treatments of additional C used on the experimental sites (exogenous organic matter addition and one treatment with different crop rotations). The model was calibrated to fit the control plots, i.e. conventional management without additional C inputs from exogenous organic matter or changes in crop rotations, and was able to reproduce the SOC stock dynamics. We found that, on average among the selected experimental sites, annual C inputs will have to increase by 43.15 ± 5.05 %, which is 0.66 ± 0.23 MgCha-1yr-1 (mean ± standard error), with respect to the initial C inputs in the control treatment. The simulated amount of C input required to reach the 4 ‰ SOC increase was lower than or similar to the amount of C input actually used in the majority of the additional C input treatments of the long-term experiments. However, Century might be overestimating the effect of additional C inputs on SOC stocks. At the experimental sites, we found that treatments with additional C inputs were increasing by 0.25 % on average. This means that the C inputs required to reach the 4 per 1000 target might actually be much higher. Furthermore, we estimated that annual C inputs will have to increase even more due to climate warming, that is 54 % more and 120 % more for a 1 and 5 ∘C warming, respectively. We showed that modeled C inputs required to reach the target depended linearly on the initial SOC stocks, raising concern on the feasibility of the 4 per 1000 objective in soils with a higher potential contribution to C sequestration, that is soils with high SOC stocks. Our work highlights the challenge of increasing SOC stocks at a large scale and in a future with a warmer climate.
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Bianchi, Silmara R., Mario Miyazawa, Edson L. de Oliveira, and Marcos Antonio Pavan. "Relationship between the mass of organic matter and carbon in soil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, no. 2 (April 2008): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000200005.
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The quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) was estimated through the determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) times a factor, which assumes that 58% of the SOM was formed by carbon. A number of soil samples with wide range of SOC content collected in the state of Paraná, Brazil were evaluated in the laboratory. SOC was measured by Walkley-Black method and the total SOM by loss on ignition. The SOC was positively correlated with SOM. The SOM/SOC ratio varied from 1.91 to 5.08 for the soils. It shows that Brazilian SOM has greater oxidation degree. Although, the SOM and SOC decreased with soil depth the SOM/SOC ratio increased. It showed that SOM in the subsoil contained more oxygen but less carbon than the SOM in the upper soil surface. The CEC/SOC also increased with depth indicating that the functional groups of the SOM increased per unity of carbon.
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Okello, Joseph, Marijn Bauters, Hans Verbeeck, Samuel Bodé, John Kasenene, Astrid Françoys, Till Engelhardt, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ralf Kiese, and Pascal Boeckx. "Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon respiration along a forested elevation gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda." Biogeosciences 20, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-719-2023.
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Abstract. Tropical montane forests store high amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, global warming may affect these stocks via enhanced soil respiration. Improved insight into the temperature response of SOC respiration can be obtained from in and ex situ warming studies. In situ warming via the translocation of intact soil mesocosms was carried out along an elevation gradient ranging between ca. 1250 m in the Kibale Forest to ca. 3000 m in the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda. Samples from the same transect were also warmed ex situ. Ex situ results revealed that, following the elevation gradient, which represents a natural climate gradient, specific heterotrophic CO2 respiration decreased linearly by 1.01 ± 0.12 µgCh-1g-1 of SOC per 100 m of elevation increase. The coefficient of temperature sensitivity increased from 1.50 ± 0.13 in the lowest- to 2.68 ± 0.25 in the highest-elevation cluster, showing a linear increase of 0.09 ± 0.03 per 100 m of elevation increase. Additionally, respired CO2 was more depleted in 13C in the warmer lower elevations as compared to colder higher elevations, with a linear decrease of 0.23 ‰ ± 0.04 ‰ per 100 m of elevation increase. Furthermore, the microbial community structure indicated a weak trend along the elevation gradient, with higher elevations more dominated by fungi relative to bacteria. The results indicate an increased recalcitrance and decreased mineralisation of SOC, with elevation likely driven by decreasing soil temperature and pH. Subsequently, after 2 years of in situ warming (0.9 to 2.8 ∘C), specific heterotrophic SOC respiration tended to be lower for warmed soil compared to control soil. Furthermore, in warmed soils, δ13C values and SOC content tended to increase and decrease, respectively. Collectively, this points towards the increased mineralisation and depletion of readily available C during 2 years of warming. In conclusion, our results suggest that climate warming may trigger enhanced losses of SOC from tropical montane forests due to a combination of a higher temperature sensitivity of mineralisation and higher SOC content at higher elevations.
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Kamdar, Manali Kirtikumar, Scott R. Solomon, Jon Arnason, Patrick B. Johnston, Bertram Glaß, Veronika Bachanova, Sami Ibrahimi, et al. "Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) vs standard of care (SOC) with salvage chemotherapy (CT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as second-line (2L) treatment in patients (pt) with R/R large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL): 3-year follow-up (FU) from the randomized, phase 3 TRANSFORM study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): 7013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.7013.
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7013 Background: Liso-cel is an autologous, CD19-directed, 4-1BB CAR T cell product. In prespecified interim and primary analyses of TRANSFORM (NCT03575351), liso-cel showed significant improvements in efficacy vs SOC in pts with R/R LBCL. Here we report results after ~3-y FU. Methods: TRANSFORM is a randomized phase 3 study comparing liso-cel vs SOC (CT [R-DHAP, R-ICE, or R-GDP] then high-dose CT [HDCT] + ASCT) in adults aged ≤ 75 y with LBCL primary refractory to or relapsed ≤ 12 mo after first-line therapy and eligible for ASCT. Liso-cel arm pts underwent lymphodepletion followed by liso-cel (100 × 106 CAR+ T cells). Bridging therapy was allowed. SOC arm pts received 3 cycles of CT; responding pts proceeded to HDCT + ASCT. Crossover to receive liso-cel was allowed for SOC arm pts if criteria were met. The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS) per independent review committee (IRC). Key secondary endpoints included CR rate and PFS per IRC, and OS. Endpoints were not statistically retested and are reported descriptively. Results: In total, 184 pts were randomized (92 per arm); baseline characteristics were reported (Abramson et al. Blood 2023). Median (range) FU was 33.9 mo (0.9–53.0). Median EFS, PFS, and duration of response (DOR) were longer for liso-cel vs SOC, similar to the primary analysis (Table). A total of 61 (66%) SOC arm pts crossed over to receive liso-cel. Median OS was not reached (NR) in either arm; 36-mo OS rates were numerically higher for liso-cel. Of 76 total deaths (liso-cel, n = 34; SOC, n = 42 [crossover pts, n = 33]), 10 occurred since the primary analysis (liso-cel, n = 6; SOC, n = 4 [all crossover pts]); most were due to disease progression or complications (n = 6). Safety results were consistent with the primary analysis. Cellular kinetics and B-cell aplasia will be presented. Conclusions: After median FU of 33.9 mo, liso-cel as 2L treatment in pts with primary refractory or early relapsed LBCL resulted in deepening of response and continued improvement in efficacy endpoints over SOC, confirming the ongoing benefit of liso-cel. Clinical trial information: NCT03575351 . [Table: see text]
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Ma, Shoutian, Zhengrong Kan, Jianying Qi, and Hailin Zhang. "Effects of Straw Return Mode on Soil Aggregates and Associated Carbon in the North China Plain." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010061.
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Crop straw is widely used to manage soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as an environmentally friendly practice in the North China Plain. However, little is known about the effects of straw returning modes on SOC sequestration in this region. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to study SOC accumulation and mineralization as well as aggregate stability and aggregate-associated SOC for the following three straw returning modes: no straw returning (NSR), only wheat straw returning (WR), and both wheat and maize straw returning (WR-MR). SOC concentration and storage were higher for WR and WR-MR than for NSR in the 0–20 cm soil layer, respectively (p < 0.05). Although WR and WR-MR resulted in higher mineralization per unit of soil than NSR, no significant difference in mineralization per unit of soil carbon was observed among straw returning modes in the upper soil layer. The mean weight diameters of aggregates at 0–5 cm were higher under treatments with crop retention than under NSR. At this soil depth, the aggregate-associated C concentration and stock for each soil size were significantly decreased by NSR. These findings suggest that WR-MR and WR are effective residue management practices. In particular, WR is the optimal strategy to enhance SOC sequestration, considering other applications of straw (e.g., forage, fuel, or biomass).
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Curseen, Kimberly A., Debbie Gunter, Gwendolynn Harrell, Lindsay Penny Prizer, Danielle Moulia, and Tammie E. Quest. "Impact of an initial supportive oncology clinic visit on hospitalizations and emergency department visits." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2015): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.150.
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150 Background: Hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits can be frequent, costly and discordant with stated goals-of-care for cancer patients. Little is known about the impact of outpatient palliative care and supportive oncology on hospitalizations and ED visits. Our aim was to investigate the impact of an initial visit at an outpatient supportive oncology clinic (SOC) on patient hospitalizations and ED visits. Methods: New patients were referred to a SOC from our health system’s oncologists from November 1, 2014 through January 31, 2015. Visits include a structured symptom assessment and personalized treatment plan from the clinic’s physician and/or nurse practitioner. Data were collected 90 days retrospectively and 90 days prospectively from 134 consecutive initial SOC visits. Descriptive statistics were calculated. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare the mean number of hospitalizations and ED visits in the 90 days prior and 90 days post a patient’s first SOC visit. Results: Mean patient age at first SOC visit was 55.6 (SD = 16.4). 51.2% of patients were female. The most common cancers were breast, lung, head and neck. Mean number of hospitalizations per patient was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased: 1.3 (SD = 1.6) in the 90 days prior to initial SOC visit vs. 0.7 (SD = 0.7) in the 90 days post initial SOC visit. There was a non-significant reduction in mean ED visits per patient: 0.9 (SD = 0.9) in the 90 days prior to initial SOC visit vs. 0.7 (SD = 0.7) in the 90 days post initial SOC visit. Conclusions: Hospitalizations were significantly decreased and ED visits were reduced after the first visit to a small-scale SOC. This provides evidence that outpatient supportive care including aggressive symptom management may reduce patient crises, preventing ED visits and hospitalizations, and will likely lead to cost savings and improve quality of life for patients during and after cancer therapy. The decrease in hospitalizations and ED visits may be underestimated if disease was progressing and overestimated if disease was shrinking, but this data was not available for this study.
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Tanni, Suzana, Fernando Wehrmeister, Robson Prudente, Felipe Damatto, Carlos Breda Neto, Leiliane Oliveira, Luana Pagan, et al. "Efficacy of BREATHOX® Device Inhalation on Acute Symptoms Associated with COVID-19 (BREATH Study): A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 18 (September 20, 2023): 6075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12186075.
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(1) Background: A high concentration of sodium chloride on in vitro cell culture leads to reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effects of inhaling hypertonic NaCl particles (BREATHOX®) on the duration of COVID-19-induced acute symptoms. (2) Methods: A prospective, open label, randomized, standard of care-controlled group (SOC) pilot trial compared inhaled oral and nasal administered BREATHOX® (2.0 mg NaCl, particles size between 1–10 μm), with five or ten inhalations per day for ten days. The primary endpoint was the time to resolve COVID-19-related symptoms. Safety outcomes included adverse clinical and laboratory events. (3) Results: A total of 101 individuals were screened and 98 were randomly assigned to BREATHOX® ten sessions per day (Group 1; 33 patients), BREATHOX® five sessions per day (Group 2; 32 patients), or SOC (33 patients), and followed up for 28 days. There was an association with cough frequency after 10 days BREATHOX® compared to SOC [Group 1: hazard ratio (HR) 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–3.81; Group 2: HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.17–4.04]. No differences between the groups for the reported symptoms’ resolution time were seen after 28 days. After combining both BREATHOX® groups, the period to cough resolution 10 days after randomization was significantly lower than in SOC (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.20–3.67). An adverse event occurred in 30% of Group 1, 36% of Group 2, and 9% in SOC individuals. One patient from SOC had a serious adverse event. Nasal burning, sore or itchy nose, and dry mouth were considered related to BREATHOX® use and resolved after stopping inhalations. (4) Conclusion: BREATHOX® inhalation is safe and may be effective in reducing the duration of COVID-19-induced coughing.
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Minick, Kevan J., Maricar Aguilos, Xuefeng Li, Bhaskar Mitra, Prajaya Prajapati, and John S. King. "Effects of Spatial Variability and Drainage on Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Coastal Freshwater Forested Wetlands of Eastern North Carolina, USA." Forests 13, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13060861.
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Drainage of freshwater wetlands is common in coastal regions, although the effects on microbial extracellular enzyme activity (a key mediator of soil organic matter decomposition) in relation to spatial variability (microtopography and soil depth) are poorly understood. Soils were collected from organic (Oi, Oe, Oa) and mineral (A, AB, B) horizons from a natural and drained coastal forested wetland in North Carolina, USA. Activity of seven enzymes were measured: α-glucosidase (AG), β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), xylosidase (XYL), phenol oxidase (POX), peroxidase (PER) and N-acetyl glucosamide (NAG). Enzyme activity rates were normalized by soil weight, soil organic C (SOC), and microbial biomass C (MBC). Specific enzyme activity (per SOC or MBC) was more sensitive to drainage and soil depth compared to normalization by soil weight. In Oi and Oa horizons, specific enzyme activity (per MBC) (AG, BG, XYL, POX, PER) was higher in the natural compared to drained wetland but lower (AG, CBH, XYL, POX, PER, NAG) in the AB or B mineral soils. Results from this study indicate that organic soil horizons of natural freshwater wetlands contain a highly active microbial community driven by inputs of plant-derived C, while deeper soils of the drained wetland exhibit higher microbial metabolic activity, which likely plays a role in SOC storage of these systems.
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Soucek, Dana K., Lisa E. Dumkow, Kali M. VanLangen, and Andrew P. Jameson. "Cost Justification of the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel Versus Standard of Care for Diagnosing Meningitis in a Community Hospital." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 32, no. 1 (November 1, 2017): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190017737697.
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Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stain and culture along with CSF viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the current standard of care (SOC) to diagnose meningitis. Unfortunately, these tests take up to 72 hours to provide results and are not always sensitive to detect a pathogen. BioFire FilmArray (FA) meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel uses PCR to provide quick, accurate identification of the causative organism. For community hospitals, the cost of this technology may be prohibitive. Objective: To compare the institution cost of current SOC versus the anticipated cost of the FA ME panel to diagnose and treat suspected meningitis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted evaluating adult patients with a lumbar puncture performed and empiric antimicrobials administered for a diagnosis of meningitis. The time to receive CSF culture results and cost associated with empiric antimicrobials were assessed and compared to the theoretical time to results and cost of treatment using the FA ME panel. Results: Thirty-three patients were included in the analysis. The cost of antimicrobials using SOC was $63.43 versus $24.70 per treatment course if using the FA ME panel ( P < .001). When the cost of diagnostic testing supplies per patient was included, the median cost of SOC was $239.63 versus $239.14 per treatment course when using the FA ME panel ( P = .15). Conclusion: There is potential for significant cost savings in direct antibiotic utilization if FA ME is used versus SOC to diagnose meningitis in a community hospital. Antimicrobial cost savings were able to offset the increased cost of testing.
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Krysanova, Tatiana A., Diana L. Kotova, and Mohammed T. Bestoon. "Equilibrium in the System of Glauconite – Aqueous Solution of Cefepime Hydrochloride." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/2189.
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The patterns of immobilization of cefepime hydrochloride on glauconite at a temperature of 295 K are established. The isotherm of sorption of cefepime hydrochloride from dilute solutions is described using the Langmuir theory. The values of the maximum capacity of the monolayer and the coefficient of the sorption equilibrium for cefepime hydrochloride are calculated. It is revealed that the monolayer binding of the antibiotic to glauconite is the result of an equivalent exchange with the extra-frame cations of the sorbent. The polymolecular nature of the sorption may be due to the formation of cefepime hydrochloride associates due to hydrogen bonds.
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Kaushal, Rajesh, Pankaj Panwar, Jayaraman Durai, Jag Mohan Singh Tomar, Debashis Mandal, Pradeep Dogra, Anand Gupta, Selim Reza, Charan Singh, and Made Madhu. "Simulating SOC Dynamics under Different Temperature Regimes and FYM Addition in Bamboo Species Using RothC-Model." Forests 14, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040722.
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To assess the impact of bamboo plantations on soil organic carbon (SOC) under prevailing climatic conditions, increase in temperature and soil amendments, the Roth C model was used. RothC is a promising model for the estimation of SOC changes in different land use systems. In the present study, the RothC model was used to predict the dynamics of SOC in the plantation of seven bamboo species under a usual scenario: increase temperature by 1 °C and 2 °C and farm yard manure (FYM) addition. The result revealed that RothC fairly predicts the SOC. The root mean square error (RMSE) value varied from 0.74 to 3.2 among seven bamboo species while comparing modeled and measured data. The increase in temperature resulted in a decrease in SOC. The decrease in SOC varied from 0.46 to 5.96 per cent as compared to the usual scenario, and the extent of the decrease varied from species to species. Among all species, the application of 9 t ha−1 FYM was found appropriate for maintaining the initial SOC level during the initial stage of bamboo growth.
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Wiesmann, Ulrich, Stefanie Wendlandt, and Hans-Joachim Hannich. "Salutogenese im Alter." Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie & -psychiatrie 17, no. 3 (January 2004): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1011-6877.17.3.179.
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Zusammenfassung: Das Kohärenzgefühl (sense of coherence, SOC) ist ein zentrales Konzept in Antonovskys Salutogenese-Modell. Diese globale Orientierung bestimmt darüber, wie effektiv eine ältere Person in der Lage ist, geeignete generalisierte Widerstandsquellen (GRRs) für die Erhaltung ihrer Gesundheit zu aktivieren. 170 aktive ältere Menschen (37 Männer) im mittleren Alter von 67 Jahren (Min-Max: 59-89) nahmen freiwillig an einer interdisziplinären Studie über gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität und körperliche Aktivität im Alter teil. SOC, GRRs und subjektive Gesundheitsmaße (SF-36 Summenscores und Beschwerden-Liste) wurden per Fragebogen erhoben. Das SOC kovariierte signifikant mit 11 von 13 der erhobenen GRRs; Selbstwirksamkeit, Selbstwertgefühl, Bildung und fatalistische Externalität waren signifikante Prädiktoren. Nach statistischer Kontrolle der GRRs klärte das SOC jeweils signifikant zusätzliche Varianz im psychischen Gesundheitsniveau und im Beschwerdenstatus auf; dagegen erklärten SOC und GRRs das körperliche Gesundheitsniveau nicht. Schließlich erwies sich das SOC als ein Mediator der Beziehung zwischen GRRs und dem psychischen Summenscore bzw. Beschwerdenstatus.
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Kravetz, Shlomo, Yaacov Drory, and Victor Florian. "Hardiness and sense of coherence and their relation to negative affect." European Journal of Personality 7, no. 4 (October 1993): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410070404.
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This study attempted to determine the degree to which measures of health proneness and measures of negative affect represent two distinct, although related, constructs. In addition, it examined the relation between Antonovsky's salutogenic construct of sense of coherence (SOC) and Kobasa's health proneness construct of hardiness. Five health proneness and three negative affect measures were filled out by 164 male patients with coronary heart disease. The pattern of correlations between these measures and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that although the measures of health proneness are negatively related to measures of negative affect, these two sets of measures and the constructs to which they are related can be differentiated from each other. However, SOC was found to be less independent of negative affect than was hardiness.
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Fraser, B. A., N. E. Mandrak, and R. L. McLaughlin. "Lack of morphological differentiation in eastern (Rhinichthys atratulus) and western (Rhinichthys obtusus) blacknose dace in Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-148.
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We tested whether eastern (Rhinichthys atratulus (Herman, 1804)) and western (Rhinichthys obtusus Agassiz, 1854) blacknose dace could be differentiated in Canada. Eastern, western, and southern forms of blacknose dace had been considered subspecies until recently, when separation of eastern and western species was accepted (J.S. Nelson et al. 2004. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29). However, no study has examined morphological differences in purported diagnostic characters between the two species in Canada. Mensural, meristic, and colouration pattern characters purported to distinguish the two species were measured for blacknose dace across their Canadian range, including likely zones of sympatry. Univariate and multivariate analyses of morphological characters could not distinguish between individuals in allopatric populations from eastern and western regions. Variation among individuals within sympatric populations did not differ significantly from the variation among individuals within allopatric populations, providing no evidence of divergence of the species in sympatry. The delineation of eastern and western species using morphology is not supported by this study, given the lack of differentiation in key distinguishing characters within the Canadian range of the species.
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Roelofsen, Thijs, Léon C. L. T. van Kempen, Jeroen A. W. M. van der Laak, Maaike A. van Ham, Johan Bulten, and Leon F. A. G. Massuger. "Concurrent Endometrial Intraepithelial Carcinoma (EIC) and Serous Ovarian Cancer: Can EIC Be Seen as the Precursor Lesion?" International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 22, no. 3 (March 2012): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e3182434a81.
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ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is still unknown. Recently, endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC) was proposed to be the precursor lesion of SOC. This study examines the model of EIC as precursor for SOC.MethodsCases of SOC with a noninvasive or superficially invasive serous lesion, a hyperplastic lesion with/without atypia, or EIC in the endometrium were selected for inclusion in this study. Tissue sections from both ovaries, the fallopian tubes, and the uterus were extensively reviewed by an expert gynecopathologist. For both EIC and SOC, immunostaining for p53, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor; TP53 mutation analysis; and in situ ploidy analysis were performed.ResultsNine cases of SOC with concurrent EIC in the endometrium were identified. Immunostaining for p53, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor revealed almost identical expression patterns and similar intensities in each pair of EIC and coincident SOC. Identical TP53 mutations were found in SOC and coinciding EIC in 33% of the cases, suggesting a clonal origin. DNA ploidy analysis, as a marker for neoplastic progression, demonstrated an increased number of aneuploid nuclei in SOC compared to their corresponding EIC (P = 0.039). In addition, the mean amount of DNA per nucleus in SOC was higher (ie, more aneuploid) compared to EIC (P = 0.039).ConclusionThis study provides a first indication of EIC as possible precursor lesion for SOC. This finding could have major clinical implications for future ovarian cancer management and underscores EIC as a possible target for early SOC detection and prevention.
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Bawadi, Hiba, Reema Tayyem, Safaa Muhanna, Georgianna Tuuri, Michael J. Keenan, Moez Faris, and Jack Losso. "Stage of change toward “9-a-day” not “5-a-day” is associated with lower body weight." Nutrition & Food Science 47, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-04-2017-0079.
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Purpose This study aims to assess the students’ stage of change (SOC) for fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption using the 5-a-day and 9-a-day patterns; to validate a tool to measure SOC for consuming 5-a-day and 9-a-day of FV; and to investigate the relationship between SOC for FV consumption and body weight among Jordanian college students. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted and included a convenient sample of 788 college students (47.7 per cent men and 52.2 per cent women) who completed validated questionnaires which included socio-demographic data, readiness to consume 5-a-day and 9-a-day servings of FV daily and FV consumption behaviors. Students’ heights and weights were measured. SOC for participants was examined using reparation, contemplation, pre-contemplation, action and maintenance stages. Findings A majority (69.9 per cent) of college students were in the pre-contemplation stage with regard to 9-a-day behavior. Females tended to be classified in the action stage more than males (P < 0.001). After controlling for age, gender and energy consumption, a significant (P < 0.05) inverse relationship was found between maintenance or action SOC for consuming 9-a-day behavior and body mass index (BMI). A large proportion of college students were in a pre-action stage for either consuming 5-a-day or 9-a-day of FV. Those students who followed the 9-a-day recommendations had significantly (P < 0.05) lower BMI values that those students in the pre-action stages. Originality/value The current study is genuine and original, and valuable in designing new strategies in lowering obesity and its comorbidities.
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Joo, Heesoo, Junsoo Lee, Brian A. Maskery, Chanhyun Park, Jonathan D. Alpern, Christina R. Phares, Michelle Weinberg, and William M. Stauffer. "The Effect of Drug Pricing on Outpatient Payments and Treatment for Three Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in the United States, 2010–2017." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 1851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1452.
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ABSTRACTThe price of certain antiparasitic drugs (e.g., albendazole and mebendazole) has dramatically increased since 2010. The effect of these rising prices on treatment costs and use of standard of care (SOC) drugs is unknown. To measure the impact of drug prices on overall outpatient cost and quality of care, we identified outpatient visits associated with ascariasis, hookworm, and trichuriasis infections from the 2010 to 2017 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Multi-state Medicaid databases using Truven Health MarketScan Treatment Pathways. Evaluation was limited to members with continuous enrollment in non-capitated plans 30 days prior, and 90 days following, the first diagnosis. The utilization of SOC prescriptions was considered a marker for quality of care. The impact of drug price on the outpatient expenses was measured by comparing the changes in drug and nondrug outpatient payments per patient through Welch’s two sample t-tests. The total outpatient payments per patient (drug and nondrug), for the three parasitic infections, increased between 2010 and 2017. The increase was driven primarily by prescription drug payments, which increased 20.6–137.0 times, as compared with nondrug outpatient payments, which increased 0.3–2.2 times. As prices of mebendazole and albendazole increased, a shift to alternative SOC and non-SOC drug utilization was observed. Using parasitic infection treatment as a model, increases in prescription drug prices can act as the primary driver of increasing outpatient care costs. Simultaneously, there was a shift to alternative SOC, but also to non-SOC drug treatment, suggesting a decrease in quality of care.
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Hyland, Colby J., Flora Varghese, Christina Yau, Heather Beckwith, Katia Khoury, William Varnado, Gillian L. Hirst, et al. "Use of 18F-FDG PET/CT as an Initial Staging Procedure for Stage II–III Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Value Analysis." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 18, no. 11 (November 2020): 1510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7598.
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Background: Metastatic staging imaging is not recommended for asymptomatic patients with stage I–II breast cancer. Greater distant metastatic disease risk may warrant baseline imaging in patients with stage II–III with high-risk biologic subtypes. NCCN Guidelines recommend considering CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CT CAP) and bone scan in appropriate patients. CT CAP and bone scan are considered standard of care (SoC), although PET/CT is a patient-centered alternative. Methods: Data were available for 799 high-risk patients with clinical stage II–III disease who initiated screening for the I-SPY2 trial at 4 institutions. A total of 564 complete records were reviewed to compare PET/CT versus SoC. Costs were determined from the payer perspective using the national 2018 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and representative reimbursements to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) measured cost of using PET/CT per percent of patients who avoided a false-positive (FP). Results: The de novo metastatic disease rate was 4.6%. Imaging varied across the 4 institutions (P<.0001). The FP rate was higher using SoC versus PET/CT (22.1% vs 11.1%; P=.0009). Mean time between incidental finding on baseline imaging to FP determination was 10.8 days. Mean time from diagnosis to chemotherapy initiation was 44.3 days with SoC versus 37.5 days with PET/CT (P=.0001). Mean cost per patient was $1,132 (SoC) versus $1,477 (PET/CT) using the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, with an ICER of $31. Using representative reimbursements to UCSF, mean cost per patient was $1,236 (SoC) versus $1,073 (PET/CT) for Medicare, and $3,083 (SoC) versus $1,656 (PET/CT) for a private payer, with ICERs of −$15 and −$130, respectively. Conclusions: Considerable variation exists in metastatic staging practices. PET/CT reduced FP risk by half and decreased workup of incidental findings, allowing for earlier treatment start. PET/CT may be cost-effective, and at one institution was shown to be cost-saving. Better alignment is needed between hospital pricing strategies and payer coverage policies to deliver high-value care.
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Shahmanesh, Maryam, T. Nondumiso Mthiyane, Carina Herbsst, Melissa Neuman, Oluwafemi Adeagbo, Paul Mee, Natsayi Chimbindi, et al. "Effect of peer-distributed HIV self-test kits on demand for biomedical HIV prevention in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a three-armed cluster-randomised trial comparing social networks versus direct delivery." BMJ Global Health 6, Suppl 4 (July 2021): e004574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004574.
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Study objectiveWe investigated two peer distribution models of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in HIV prevention demand creation compared with trained young community members (peer navigators).MethodsWe used restricted randomisation to allocate 24 peer navigator pairs (clusters) in KwaZulu-Natal 1:1:1: (1) standard of care (SOC): peer navigators distributed clinic referrals, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) information to 18–30 year olds. (2) peer navigator direct distribution (PND): Peer navigators distributed HIVST packs (SOC plus two OraQuick HIVST kits) (3) incentivised peer networks (IPN): peer navigators recruited young community members (seeds) to distribute up to five HIVST packs to 18–30 year olds within their social networks. Seeds received 20 Rand (US$1.5) for each recipient who distributed further packs. The primary outcome was PrEP/ART linkage, defined as screening for PrEP/ART eligibility within 90 days of pack distribution per peer navigator month (pnm) of outreach, in women aged 18–24 (a priority for HIV prevention). Investigators and statisticians were blinded to allocation. Analysis was intention to treat. Total and unit costs were collected prospectively.ResultsBetween March and December 2019, 4163 packs (1098 SOC, 1480 PND, 1585 IPN) were distributed across 24 clusters. During 144 pnm, 272 18–30 year olds linked to PrEP/ART (1.9/pnm). Linkage rates for 18–24-year-old women were lower for IPN (n=26, 0.54/pnm) than PND (n=45, 0.80/pnm; SOC n=49, 0.85/pnm). Rate ratios were 0.68 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.66) for IPN versus PND, 0.64 (95% CI 0.26 to 1.62) for IPN versus SOC and 0.95 (95% CI 0.38 to 2.36) for PND versus SOC. In 18–30 year olds, PND had significantly more linkages than IPN (2.11 vs 0.88/pnm, RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.98). Cost per pack distributed was cheapest for IPN (US$36) c.f. SOC (US$64). Cost per person linked to PrEP/ART was cheaper in both peer navigator arms compared with IPN.DiscussionHIVST did not increase demand for PrEP/ART. Incentivised social network distribution reached large numbers with HIVST but resulted in fewer linkages compared with PrEP/ART promotion by peer navigators.Trial registration numberNCT03751826.
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Kalita, Saurav, Hanna Karlsson Potter, Martin Weih, Christel Baum, Åke Nordberg, and Per-Anders Hansson. "Soil Carbon Modelling in Salix Biomass Plantations: Variety Determines Carbon Sequestration and Climate Impacts." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111529.
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Short-rotation coppice (SRC) Salix plantations have the potential to provide fast-growing biomass feedstock with significant soil and climate mitigation benefits. Salix varieties exhibit significant variation in their physiological traits, growth patterns and soil ecology—but the effects of these variations have rarely been studied from a systems perspective. This study analyses the influence of variety on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and climate impacts from Salix cultivation for heat production for a Swedish site with specific conditions. Soil carbon modelling was combined with a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to quantify SOC sequestration and climate impacts over a 50-year period. The analysis used data from a Swedish field trial of six Salix varieties grown under fertilized and unfertilized treatments on Vertic Cambisols during 2001–2018. The Salix systems were compared with a reference case where heat is produced from natural gas and green fallow was the land use alternative. Climate impacts were determined using time-dependent LCA methodology—on a land-use (per hectare) and delivered energy unit (per MJheat) basis. All Salix varieties and treatments increased SOC, but the magnitude depended on the variety. Fertilization led to lower carbon sequestration than the equivalent unfertilized case. There was no clear relationship between biomass yield and SOC increase. In comparison with reference cases, all Salix varieties had significant potential for climate change mitigation. From a land-use perspective, high yield was the most important determining factor, followed by SOC sequestration, therefore high-yielding fertilized varieties such as ‘Tordis’, ‘Tora’ and ‘Björn’ performed best. On an energy-delivered basis, SOC sequestration potential was the determining factor for the climate change mitigation effect, with unfertilized ‘Jorr’ and ‘Loden’ outperforming the other varieties. These results show that Salix variety has a strong influence on SOC sequestration potential, biomass yield, growth pattern, response to fertilization and, ultimately, climate impact.
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Blume, H. P. "Kittrick, J.A. (Ed.): Mineral Classification of Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. America Spec. Publ. 16, 178 S., Madison, USA, 1986, 32 DM." Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 150, no. 1 (1987): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19871500119.
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Lenz, Heinz-Josef, Aparna Raj Parikh, David R. Spigel, Allen Lee Cohn, Takayuki Yoshino, Mark D. Kochenderfer, Elena Elez, et al. "Nivolumab (NIVO) + 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6)/bevacizumab (BEV) versus mFOLFOX6/BEV for first-line (1L) treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Phase 2 results from CheckMate 9X8." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.008.
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8 Background: Standard 1L therapies for mCRC include a fluoropyrimidine with oxaliplatin and/or irinotecan, and a biologic agent. NIVO may enhance antitumor activity in combination with 1L standard therapies within a subset of patients (pts) with mCRC. CheckMate 9X8 evaluated NIVO + mFOLFOX6/BEV vs mFOLFOX6/BEV in 1L mCRC (NCT03414983). Methods: Adults with previously untreated, unresectable, mCRC were randomized 2:1 to NIVO 240 mg + mFOLFOX6/BEV Q2W (NIVO + standard-of-care [SOC]) or mFOLFOX6/BEV Q2W (SOC). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) per RECIST v1.1. Key secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), time to response (TTR), duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: 195 pts were randomized to NIVO + SOC (n = 127) or SOC (n = 68). Median (range) follow-up was 23.7 (0–33.2) months (mo; NIVO + SOC) vs 23.2 (0–32.3) mo (SOC). Median (range) duration of therapy was 9.9 (0.1–31.8+) mo (NIVO + SOC) and 7.7 (0.1–26.7+) mo (SOC). The HR (95% CI) for PFS was 0.81 (0.53–1.23; P = 0.30), which did not meet the prespecified threshold for statistical significance (median PFS, 11.9 mo in both arms; Table). PFS rates after 12 mo were higher with NIVO + SOC vs SOC (Table). ORR was 60% (NIVO + SOC) and 46% (SOC; odds ratio 1.72 [95% CI 0.96–3.10]) and median (95% CI) DOR was 12.9 (9.0–13.1) mo (NIVO + SOC) and 9.3 (7.5–11.3) mo (SOC; Table). Rates of grade 3−4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were higher with NIVO + SOC; however, no new safety signals were identified (Table). Biomarker analyses, including tumor mutational burden and baseline CD8 levels, will be presented. Conclusions: The primary endpoint of PFS was not met; however, NIVO + SOC showed higher PFS rates after 12 mo, a higher response rate, and more durable responses compared with SOC, along with acceptable safety, in 1L mCRC. Clinical trial information: NCT03414983. [Table: see text]
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Busse, Laurence W., Gina Nicholson, Robert J. Nordyke, Cho-Han Lee, Feng Zeng, and Timothy E. Albertson. "Angiotensin II for the treatment of distributive shock in the intensive care unit: A US cost-effectiveness analysis." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320000082.
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BackgroundPatients with distributive shock who are unresponsive to traditional vasopressors are commonly considered to have severe distributive shock and are at high mortality risk. Here, we assess the cost-effectiveness of adding angiotensin II to the standard of care (SOC) for severe distributive shock in the US critical care setting from a US payer perspective.MethodsShort-term mortality outcomes were based on 28-day survival rates from the ATHOS-3 study. Long-term outcomes were extrapolated to lifetime survival using individually estimated life expectancies for survivors. Resource use and adverse event costs were drawn from the published literature. Health outcomes evaluated were lives saved, life-years gained, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained using utility estimates for the US adult population weighted for sepsis mortality. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed uncertainty around results. We analyzed patients with severe distributive shock from the ATHOS-3 clinical trial.ResultsThe addition of angiotensin II to the SOC saved .08 lives at Day 28 compared to SOC alone. The cost per life saved was estimated to be $108,884. The addition of angiotensin II to the SOC was projected to result in a gain of .96 life-years and .66 QALYs. This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $12,843 per QALY. The probability of angiotensin II being cost-effective at a threshold of $50,000 per QALY was 86 percent.ConclusionsFor treatment of severe distributive shock, angiotensin II is cost-effective at acceptable thresholds.
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Gupta, M. "Status of sequestered organic carbon in the soils under different land covers in Nainital district of Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Forestry 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-0dl378.
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Researcher has estimated soil organic carbon simply as one of the soil attributes depending upon their objectives of the study. To calculated SOC pool from this data, one has to use some assumptions which lead to uncertainties. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate Soil organic carbon pool in forests as well as in other land uses in Nainital district as per the methodology of IPCC. Maximum SOC pool was estimated in the soils under Deodar forest (147.12 t ha-1) followed by Quercus (127.07 t ha-1), Chir (70.98 t ha-1), Miscellaneous (50.90 t ha-1) and the least was under Sal (42.25 t ha-1). In plantation land use, maximum SOC pool was estimated in the soils under Cypress (67.77 t ha-1), followed by Teak (46.01 t ha-1), Eucalyptus (45.91 t ha-1) and the least was under Chir plantation (44.86 t ha-1). Under Horticulture land use in Nainital district, maximum SOC pool was observed under Apple orchards (82.50 t ha-1), followed by Citrus (54.97 t ha-1), Mango (53.65 t ha-1), Litchi (39.63 t ha-1), and the least was under Guava (26.98 t ha-1). Under grass land of Nainital district, SOC pool was estimated 41.16 t ha-1. SOC pool under Deodar and Quercus were significantly different from the SOC pool under Miscellaneous, Sal, and Chir. SOC pool under Chir was statistically significant different from the SOC pool of Sal. SOC pools between the different orchards were significantly different at 0.05 level. SOC pool in the soils under forests was statistically significantly different with the SOC pool under horticulture, plantations and grasslands.
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Sutherland, C. Simone, Zanfina Ademi, Joëlle Michaud, Nadine Schur, Myriam Lingg, Arjun Bhadhuri, Thierry D. Pache, et al. "Economic evaluation of a novel genetic screening test for risk of venous thromboembolism compared with standard of care in women considering combined hormonal contraception in Switzerland." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e031325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031325.
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AimThe aim of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of the Pill Protect (PP) genetic screening test for venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk compared with standard of care (SoC), for women considering combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in Switzerland.MethodsA two-part microsimulation model was developed to estimate VTE events, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with the PP and SoC strategies. In the first portion of the model, a cohort of 1 million Swiss first-time seekers of a CHC were simulated. It was determined whether each women would receive a CHC or non-CHC by using prescribing patterns elicited from a modified Delphi study. These results formed the basis of the SoC strategy. For the PP strategy, a PP test was included and the results considered in addition to SoC practice. Each woman then entered a Markov model that captured morbidity and mortality over a lifetime. The risk of having a VTE was derived from the risk algorithm that underpins the PP test. The remaining model inputs relating to population characteristics, costs, health resource use, mortality and utilities were derived from published studies or national sources. The model was validated and calibrated to align with population-based studies. Extensive uncertainty analyses were conducted.ResultsFrom a Swiss health system perspective, the PP strategy in comparison with the SoC strategy generated an additional CHF 231, and gained 0.003 QALYs per woman, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of CHF 76 610 per QALY gained. Assuming a threshold of CHF 100 000 per QALY gained, the PP strategy is likely to be cost effective. Our results were generally robust to variations in the parameter values.ConclusionsThe PP test may be cost effective in Switzerland for screening women seeking CHCs for their risk of VTE based on the current evidence.
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Kline, Susan E., Erinn C. Sanstead, James R. Johnson, and Shalini L. Kulasingam. "Cost-effectiveness of pre-operative Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonization." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 11 (September 20, 2018): 1340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.228.
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AbstractObjectiveWe developed a decision analytic model to evaluate the impact of a preoperative Staphylococcus aureus decolonization bundle on surgical site infections (SSIs), health-care–associated costs (HCACs), and deaths due to SSI.MethodsOur model population comprised US adults undergoing elective surgery. We evaluated 3 self-administered preoperative strategies: (1) the standard of care (SOC) consisting of 2 disinfectant soap showers; (2) the “test-and-treat” strategy consisting of the decolonization bundle including chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) soap, CHG mouth rinse, and mupirocin nasal ointment for 5 days) if S. aureus was found at any of 4 screened sites (nasal, throat, axillary, perianal area), otherwise the SOC; and (3) the “treat-all” strategy consisting of the decolonization bundle for all patients, without S. aureus screening. Model parameters were derived primarily from a randomized controlled trial that measured the efficacy of the decolonization bundle for eradicating S. aureus.ResultsUnder base-case assumptions, the treat-all strategy yielded the fewest SSIs and the lowest HCACs, followed by the test-and-treat strategy. In contrast, the SOC yielded the most SSIs and the highest HCACs. Consequently, relative to the SOC, the average savings per operation was $217 for the treat-all strategy and $123 for the test-and-treat strategy, and the average savings per per SSI prevented was $21,929 for the treat-all strategy and $15,166 for the test-and-treat strategy. All strategies were sensitive to the probability of acquiring an SSI and the increased risk if SSI if the patient was colonized with SA.ConclusionWe predict that the treat-all strategy would be the most effective and cost-saving strategy for preventing SSIs. However, because this strategy might select more extensively for mupirocin-resistant S. aureus and cause more medication adverse effects than the test-and-treat approach or the SOC, additional studies are needed to define its comparative benefits and harms.
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Zhao, Di. "Mobile GPU Computing Based Filter Bank Convolution for Three-Dimensional Wavelet Transform." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 7, no. 2 (April 2016): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmcmc.2016040102.
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Mobile GPU computing, or System on Chip with embedded GPU (SoC GPU), becomes in great demand recently. Since these SoCs are designed for mobile devices with real-time applications such as image processing and video processing, high-efficient implementations of wavelet transform are essential for these chips. In this paper, the author develops two SoC GPU based DWT: signal based parallelization for discrete wavelet transform (sDWT) and coefficient based parallelization for discrete wavelet transform (cDWT), and the author evaluates the performance of three-dimensional wavelet transform on SoC GPU Tegra K1. Computational results show that, SoC GPU based DWT is significantly faster than SoC CPU based DWT. Computational results also show that, sDWT can generally satisfy the requirement of real-time processing (30 frames per second) with the image sizes of 352×288, 480×320, 720×480 and 1280×720, while cDWT can only obtain read-time processing with small image sizes of 352×288 and 480×320.
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Zhang, Feng, Shihang Wang, Mingsong Zhao, Falv Qin, and Xiaoyu Liu. "Regional simulation of soil organic carbon dynamics for dry farmland in Northeast China using the CENTURY model." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): e0245040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245040.
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Soil organic carbon content has a significant impact on soil fertility and grain yield, making it an important factor affecting agricultural production and food security. Dry farmland, the main type of cropland in China, has a lower soil organic carbon content than that of paddy soil, and it may have a significant carbon sequestration potential. Therefore, in this study we applied the CENTURY model to explore the temporal and spatial changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) in Jilin Province from 1985 to 2015. Dry farmland soil polygons were extracted from soil and land use layers (at the 1:1,000,000 scale). Spatial overlay analysis was also used to extract 1282 soil polygons from dry farmland. Modelled results for SOC dynamics in the dry farmland, in conjunction with those from the Yushu field-validation site, indicated a good level of performance. From 1985 to 2015, soil organic carbon density (SOCD) of dry farmland decreased from 34.36 Mg C ha−1 to 33.50 Mg C ha−1 in general, having a rate of deterioration of 0.03 Mg C ha−1 per year. Also, SOC loss was 4.89 Tg from dry farmland soils in the province, with a deterioration rate of 0.16 Tg C per year. 35.96% of the dry farmland its SOCD increased but 64.04% of the area released carbon. Moreover, SOC dynamics recorded significant differences between different soil groups. The method of coupling the CENTURY model with a detailed soil database can simulate temporal and spatial variations of SOC at a regional scale, and it can be used as a precise simulation method for dry farmland SOC dynamics.
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Marcellusi, Andrea, Chiara Bini, Maria Assunta Rotundo, Rosario Cultrera, and Francesco Saverio Mennini. "Costo-utilità di dalbavancina versus standard of care (SoC) in pazienti con ABSSSI non severa in Italia." Global & Regional Health Technology Assessment 7, no. 1 (November 6, 2020): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/grhta.2020.2138.
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Introduction: Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSIs) include all complicated skin and soft tissue infections. The aim of this study was to conduct a cost-utility analysis to compare dalbavancin with standard antibiotic therapies for the management of non-severe ABSSSIs from the National Health Service (NHS) perspective.
Methods: A probabilistic decision tree model was developed considering a 30-days follow-up to simulate the therapeutic pathway of a patient treated with dalbavancin or Standard of Care (SoC). The model considered three mutually exclusive health states: a) discharge of patients from the emergency department, b) discharge of patients after one night from admission, c) discharge after 24 or 36 hours from admission. A one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted.
Results: The analysis showed that the use of dalbavancin in patients with non-severe ABSSSI compared to SoC could generate a reduction in costs (– € 291.6 per patient treated) and an increase in QALYs (+0.0018 per patient treated). In 99.7% of the simulations carried out, dalbavancin was dominant compared to the SoC. Considering a threshold for the willingness to pay of € 30,000 for QALY gained, the minimum level of efficacy of dalbavancin so that the treatment can be considered cost-effective compared to the SoC was equal to 69.4%.
Conclusions: The analysis showed that dalbavancin may represent a cost-effective option compared to SoC for the treatment of patients with non-severe ABSSSI.
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Krasna, Heather, Malvika Venkataraman, Moriah Robins, Isabella Patino, and Jonathon P. Leider. "Standard Occupational Classification Codes: Gaps in Federal Data on the Public Health Workforce." American Journal of Public Health 114, no. 1 (January 2024): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2023.307463.
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Objectives. To determine whether US Department of Labor standard occupational classification (SOC) codes can be used for public health workforce research. Methods. We reviewed past attempts at SOC matching for public health occupations and then used the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS) to match the actual job titles for 26 516 respondents to the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) with SOC codes, grouped by respondents’ choice of job category in PH WINS. We assessed the accuracy of the NIOCCS matches and excluded matches under a cutpoint using the Youden Index. We assessed the percentage of SOC matches with insufficient information and diversity of SOC matches per PH WINS category using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index. Results. Several key public health occupations do not have a SOC code, including disease intervention specialist, public health nurse, policy analyst, program manager, grants or contracts specialist, and peer counselor. Conclusions. Without valid SOC matches and detailed data on local and state government health departments, the US Department of Labor’s data cannot be used for public health workforce enumeration. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(1):48–56. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307463 )
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Taheri, Saeed, Elham Heidari, Mohammad Ali Aivazi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, and Mehdi Varmaghani. "COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF IVABRADINE IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE IN IRAN." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, no. 6 (2018): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318003598.
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Objectives:This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ivabradine plus standard of care (SoC) in comparison with current SoC alone from the Iranian payer perspective.Methods:A cohort-based Markov model was developed to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over a 10-year time horizon in a cohort of 1,000 patients. The baseline transition probabilities between New York Heart Association (NYHA), mortality rate, and hospitalization rate were extracted from the literature. The effect of ivabradine on mortality, hospitalization, and NYHA improvement or worsening were retrieved from the SHIFT study. The effectiveness was measured as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) using the utility values derived from Iranian Heart Failure Quality of Life study. Direct medical costs were obtained from hospital records and national tariffs. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to show the robustness of the model.Results:Ivabradine therapy was associated with an incremental cost per QALY of USD $5,437 (incremental cost of USD $2,207 and QALYs gained 0.41) versus SoC. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that ivabradine is expected to have a 60 percent chance of being cost-effective accepting a threshold of USD $6,550 per QALY. Furthermore, deterministic sensitivity analysis indicated that the model is sensitive to the ivabradine drug acquisition cost.Conclusions:The cost-effectiveness model suggested that the addition of ivabradine to SoC therapy was associated with improved clinical outcomes along with increased costs. The analysis indicates that the clinical benefit of ivabradine can be achieved at a reasonable cost in eligible heart failure patients with sinus rhythm and a baseline heart rate ≥ 75 beats per minute (bpm).
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Janjigian, Yelena Y., Akihito Kawazoe, Patricio Eduardo Yanez, Suxia Luo, Sara Lonardi, Oleksii Kolesnik, Olga Barajas, et al. "Pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy for HER2+ metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer: Initial findings of the global phase 3 KEYNOTE-811 study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.4013.
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4013 Background: Trastuzumab (tras) plus chemotherapy (chemo) is standard-of-care (SOC) 1L therapy for HER2+ metastatic G/GEJ cancer. In two phase 2 studies, tras, chemo, and pembrolizumab (pembro) in combination showed promising efficacy and manageable safety. The ongoing global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 KEYNOTE-811 study is assessing whether adding pembro to SOC improves efficacy vs SOC alone for HER2+ metastatic G/GEJ cancer (NCT03615326). Methods: Eligible patients (pts) with previously untreated, unresectable or metastatic HER2+ G/GEJ cancer and ECOG PS 0 or 1 are randomized 1:1 to pembro 200 mg IV Q3W or placebo IV Q3W. All pts receive tras and investigator’s choice of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) or capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX). Treatment is given up to 2 y or until intolerable toxicity or PD. Dual primary end points are PFS per RECIST v1.1 by blinded, independent central review (BICR) and OS. Secondary end points are ORR and DOR per RECIST v1.1 by BICR and safety. Planned enrollment in the global cohort is 692 pts; accrual is almost complete. The protocol-specified first interim analysis (IA1) was to occur when the first 260 pts enrolled had ≥8.5 mo of follow-up and tested whether pembro + SOC significantly improved ORR; the superiority boundary was P = 0.002. The ORR difference was calculated using the Miettinen and Nurminen method stratified by the randomization stratification factors of geographic region, PD-L1 status, and chemo choice. Efficacy is presented for the first 264 pts enrolled. Safety is presented for all treated pts enrolled as of Jun 17, 2020. Results: Among the first 264 pts enrolled, 133 were randomized to pembro + SOC, 131 to placebo + SOC; 0.8% had MSI-H tumors, CAPOX was chosen for 87.1%, and median study follow-up was 12.0 mo (range, 8.5-19.4). Confirmed ORR (95% CI) was 74.4% (66.2-81.6) for pembro + SOC vs 51.9% (43.0-60.7) for placebo + SOC (difference, 22.7 percentage points [95% CI, 11.2-33.7], P = 0.00006); CR rate was 11.3% vs 3.1% and DCR (95% CI) was 96.2% (91.4-98.8) vs 89.3 (82.7-94.0). Median (range) DOR was 10.6 mo (1.1+ to 16.5+) for pembro + SOC vs 9.5 mo (1.4+ to 15.4+) for placebo + SOC; KM estimates of DOR ≥6 mo and ≥9 mo were 70.3% vs 61.4% and 58.4% vs 51.1%. As of data cutoff, 433/434 enrolled pts were treated (217/217 pembro + SOC, 216/217 placebo + SOC). AEs were grade 3-5 in 57.1% of pts with pembro + SOC vs 57.4% with placebo + SOC, led to death in 3.2% vs 4.6%, and led to discontinuation of any drug in 24.4% vs 25.9%. Conclusions: Adding pembro to tras and chemo resulted in a substantial, statistically significant increase in ORR versus trastuzumab and chemo alone as 1L therapy for HER2+ metastatic G/GEJ cancer; responses were durable and safety was manageable. These initial data support pembro plus tras and chemo as a potential new treatment option for this population. Clinical trial information: NCT03615326.
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Zhang, Hongyang, Xinlin Geng, Zonglin Ye, Kailei Wang, Qian Xie, and Zheng Wang. "A frequency servo SoC with output power stabilization loop technology for miniaturized atomic clocks." Journal of Semiconductors 45, no. 6 (June 1, 2024): 062202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/23120056.
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Abstract A frequency servo system-on-chip (FS-SoC) featuring output power stabilization technology is introduced in this study for high-precision and miniaturized cesium (Cs) atomic clocks. The proposed power stabilization loop (PSL) technique, incorporating an off-chip power detector (PD), ensures that the output power of the FS-SoC remains stable, mitigating the impact of power fluctuations on the atomic clock's stability. Additionally, a one-pulse-per-second (1PPS) is employed to synchronize the clock with GPS. Fabricated using 65 nm CMOS technology, the measured phase noise of the FS-SoC stands at −69.5 dBc/Hz@100 Hz offset and −83.9 dBc/Hz@1 kHz offset, accompanied by a power dissipation of 19.7 mW. The Cs atomic clock employing the proposed FS-SoC and PSL obtains an Allan deviation of 1.7 × 10−11 with 1-s averaging time.
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Zhang, Cong, Lijin Zeng, Guoyi Cai, Yuanting Zhu, Yan Xiong, Hong Zhan, and Zhen Yang. "miR-340-5p Alleviates Oxidative Stress Injury by Targeting MyD88 in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (May 4, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2939279.
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Background. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a sort of severe disease in the intensive care unit. This research focuses on exploring the influence of miR-340-5p on SIC and its specific mechanism. Methods. Mice were administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct a SIC animal model. Mice were intramyocardially injected with Adenoassociated Virus- (AAV-) 9 containing the miR-340-5p precursor to make the miR-340-5p overexpression in the myocardium. The expression level of myocardial miR-340-5p was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The cardiac function was measured by echocardiography, the myocardial morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the oxidative stress level was detected by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) immunohistochemical staining and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay in mice. The cells were pretreated with miR-340-5p mimic, mimic-NC, miR-340-5p inhibitor, inhibitor-NC, MyD88 siRNA, or si-NC and then administered with LPS or PBS. The cell viability was measured with the CCK-8 assay. The level of intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated using reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA, and glutathione (GSH) detection. The MyD88 level was assessed via Western blotting analysis. The interaction of miR-340-5p with the MyD88 mRNA was confirmed via dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Results. The miR-340-5p overexpression partially alleviated the increase of the MyD88 level, impairment of cardiac function, and oxidative stress injury in the SIC animal model. In the SIC cell model, miR-340-5p mimic pretreatment partially relieved oxidative stress injury, while the miR-340-5p inhibitor had the opposite effect. Besides, the miR-340-5p mimic and inhibitor could reduce and further increase the MyD88 level in the SIC cell model, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down experiments confirmed the interaction between the MyD88 mRNA and miR-340-5p. Finally, it was found that MyD88 siRNA pretreatment also partially alleviates the oxidative stress injury in the SIC cell model. Conclusion. In sum, our study demonstrated that miR-340-5p can improve myocardial oxidative stress injury by targeting MyD88 in SIC.
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Lenz, Heinz-Josef, Aparna Parikh, David R. Spigel, Allen L. Cohn, Takayuki Yoshino, Mark Kochenderfer, Elena Elez, et al. "Modified FOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab with and without nivolumab for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: phase 2 results from the CheckMate 9X8 randomized clinical trial." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 12, no. 3 (March 2024): e008409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-008409.
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BackgroundStandard first-line therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) include fluoropyrimidine-containing regimens with oxaliplatin and/or irinotecan and a biologic agent. Immunotherapy may enhance antitumor activity in combination with standard therapies in patients with mCRC. Here, we present phase 2 results of nivolumab plus standard-of-care therapy (SOC; 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin/bevacizumab) versus SOC in the first-line treatment of patients with mCRC (CheckMate 9X8).MethodsCheckMate 9X8 was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase 2/3 trial. Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age with unresectable mCRC and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive nivolumab 240 mg plus SOC or SOC alone every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review (BICR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1. Secondary endpoints included PFS by investigator assessment; objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate, duration of response, and time to response, all by BICR and investigator assessments; overall survival; and safety. Preplanned exploratory biomarker analyses were also performed.ResultsFrom February 2018 through April 2019, 310 patients were enrolled, of which 195 patients were randomized to nivolumab plus SOC (n=127) or SOC (n=68). At 21.5-month minimum follow-up, PFS with nivolumab plus SOC versus SOC did not meet the prespecified threshold for statistical significance; median PFS by BICR was 11.9 months in both arms (HR, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.23); p=0.30). Higher PFS rates after 12 months (18 months: 28% vs 9%), higher ORR (60% vs 46%), and durable responses (median 12.9 vs 9.3 months) were observed with nivolumab plus SOC versus SOC. Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events were reported in 75% versus 48% of patients; no new safety signals were identified.ConclusionsThe CheckMate 9X8 trial investigating first-line nivolumab plus SOC versus SOC in patients with mCRC did not meet its primary endpoint of PFS by BICR. Nivolumab plus SOC showed numerically higher PFS rates after 12 months, a higher response rate, and more durable responses compared with SOC alone, with acceptable safety. Further investigation to identify subgroups of patients with mCRC that may benefit from nivolumab plus SOC versus SOC in the first-line setting is warranted.Trial registration numberNCT03414983.
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Köchy, M., R. Hiederer, and A. Freibauer. "Global distribution of soil organic carbon, based on the Harmonized World Soil Database – Part 1: Masses and frequency distribution of SOC stocks for the tropics, permafrost regions, wetlands, and the world." SOIL Discussions 1, no. 1 (September 3, 2014): 327–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-327-2014.
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Abstract. The global soil organic carbon (SOC) mass is relevant for the carbon cycle budget. We review current estimates of soil organic carbon stocks (mass/area) and mass (stock × area) in wetlands, permafrost and tropical regions and the world in the upper 1 m of soil. The Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v.1.2 provides one of the most recent and coherent global data sets of SOC, giving a total mass of 2476 Pg. Correcting the HWSD's bulk density of organic soils, especially Histosols, results in a mass of 1062 Pg. The uncertainty of bulk density of Histosols alone introduces a range of −56 to +180 Pg for the estimate of global SOC in the top 1 m, larger than estimates of global soil respiration. We report the spatial distribution of SOC stocks per 0.5 arc minutes, the areal masses of SOC and the quantiles of SOC stocks by continents, wetland types, and permafrost types. Depending on the definition of "wetland", wetland soils contain between 82 and 158 Pg SOC. Incorporating more detailed estimates for permafrost from the Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Data Base (496 Pg SOC) and tropical peatland carbon, global soils contain 1324 Pg SOC in the upper 1 m including 421 Pg in tropical soils, whereof 40 Pg occur in tropical wetlands. Global SOC amounts to just under 3000 Pg when estimates for deeper soil layers are included. Variability in estimates is due to variation in definitions of soil units, differences in soil property databases, scarcity of information about soil carbon at depths > 1 m in peatlands, and variation in definitions of "peatland".
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Köchy, M., R. Hiederer, and A. Freibauer. "Global distribution of soil organic carbon – Part 1: Masses and frequency distributions of SOC stocks for the tropics, permafrost regions, wetlands, and the world." SOIL 1, no. 1 (April 16, 2015): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-351-2015.
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Abstract. The global soil organic carbon (SOC) mass is relevant for the carbon cycle budget and thus atmospheric carbon concentrations. We review current estimates of SOC stocks and mass (stock × area) in wetlands, permafrost and tropical regions and the world in the upper 1 m of soil. The Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v.1.2 provides one of the most recent and coherent global data sets of SOC, giving a total mass of 2476 Pg when using the original values for bulk density. Adjusting the HWSD's bulk density (BD) of soil high in organic carbon results in a mass of 1230 Pg, and additionally setting the BD of Histosols to 0.1 g cm−3 (typical of peat soils), results in a mass of 1062 Pg. The uncertainty in BD of Histosols alone introduces a range of −56 to +180 Pg C into the estimate of global SOC mass in the top 1 m, larger than estimates of global soil respiration. We report the spatial distribution of SOC stocks per 0.5 arcminutes; the areal masses of SOC; and the quantiles of SOC stocks by continents, wetland types, and permafrost types. Depending on the definition of "wetland", wetland soils contain between 82 and 158 Pg SOC. With more detailed estimates for permafrost from the Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (496 Pg SOC) and tropical peatland carbon incorporated, global soils contain 1325 Pg SOC in the upper 1 m, including 421 Pg in tropical soils, whereof 40 Pg occurs in tropical wetlands. Global SOC amounts to just under 3000 Pg when estimates for deeper soil layers are included. Variability in estimates is due to variation in definitions of soil units, differences in soil property databases, scarcity of information about soil carbon at depths > 1 m in peatlands, and variation in definitions of "peatland".