Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peptides – Analysis

Academic literature on the topic 'Peptides – Analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Peptides – Analysis"

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Ito, Toshihiko, Yuki Taguchi, Haruka Oue, Naomi Amano, Yusuke Nagae, Koji Noge, and Katsumi Hashizume. "Formation of taste-active pyroglutamyl peptide ethyl esters in sake by rice koji peptidases." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 85, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbab041.

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ABSTRACT Formation of taste-active pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptide ethyl esters in sake was investigated: 2 enzymes (A and B) responsible for the esterification were purified from a rice koji extract. MADLI-TOF/TOF analysis after deglycosylation identified enzyme (A) as peptidase S28 (GenBank accession number OOO13707.1) and enzyme (B) as serine-type carboxypeptidase (accession number AO090010000534). Both enzymes hydrolyzed pGlu peptides and formed ethyl esters under sake mash conditions: acidic pH (3-4) and in ethanol (5%-20% v/v) aqueous solutions. Enzyme (A) formed pGlu penta-peptide ethyl esters from pGlu undeca-peptides by a prolyl endo-type reaction. Enzyme (B) formed (pGlu) deca-peptide and its ethyl esters from pGlu undeca-peptides in an exo-type reaction. We are the first to report the enzymatic ethyl esterification reaction in the formation of pGlu peptides by rice koji peptidases.
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Tani, Naoki, Kohei Kazuma, Yukio Ohtsuka, Yasushi Shigeri, Keiichi Masuko, Katsuhiro Konno, and Hidetoshi Inagaki. "Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Biological Characterization of the Predatory Ant Odontomachus monticola Venom and Venom Sac Components." Toxins 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010050.

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We previously identified 92 toxin-like peptides and proteins, including pilosulin-like peptides 1–6 from the predatory ant Odontomachus monticola, by transcriptome analysis. Here, to further characterize venom components, we analyzed the venom and venom sac extract by ESI-MS/MS with or without trypsin digestion and reducing agent. As the low-molecular-mass components, we found amino acids (leucine/isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) and biogenic amines (histamine and tyramine) in the venom and venom sac extract. As the higher molecular mass components, we found peptides and proteins such as pilosulin-like peptides, phospholipase A2s, hyaluronidase, venom dipeptidyl peptidases, conotoxin-like peptide, and icarapin-like peptide. In addition to pilosulin-like peptides 1–6, we found three novel pilosulin-like peptides that were overlooked by transcriptome analysis. Moreover, pilosulin-like peptides 1–6 were chemically synthesized, and some of them displayed antimicrobial, hemolytic, and histamine-releasing activities.
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Sharmin, K. N., M. A. Amiza, F. Ahmad, S. A. Razali, and F. Hashim. "In silico analysis of Gracilaria changii proteins for potential bioactive peptides." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 967, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/967/1/012017.

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Abstract Gracilaria changii is a red seaweed species in Malaysia with high protein content (12.57% (dry basis)). Thus, G. changii proteins are potential precursors for producing bioactive peptides. To date, no study has been reported on the potential of G. changii proteins as potential precursors for bioactive peptides. In this study, fourteen G. changii proteins were selected as potential precursors of bioactive peptides using in silico approach. It was found that the most potential bioactivity was dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP IV) inhibitory and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. Papain, ficin and stem bromelain were used for in-silico proteolysis. Stem bromelain was found to be more effective in terms of the release of fragments with a given activity. Furthermore, two tripeptides (ACF and YCL) were screened as novel and promising bioactive peptides. The characteristics of both peptides were also analyzed using PeptideRanker, PepCalc, Peptide Cutter, ToxinPred, AllerTop and AHTpin bioinformatic tools. The bioinformatic tools predicted that both peptides were non-toxic, non-allergen and highly potential. The present work suggests that G. changii can serve as a potential source of bioactive peptides and these findings can provide a basis for future in-vitro and in-vivo study of bioactive peptides from G. changii proteins.
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Zhang, Li, Xuejun Wang, Mengwen Feng, Hao Zhang, Jia Xu, Jingjing Ding, Zijie Cheng, and Lingmei Qian. "Peptidomics Analysis Reveals Peptide PDCryab1 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7182428.

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Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Peptidomics is an emerging field of proteomics that has attracted much attention because it can be used to study the composition and content of endogenous peptides in various organisms. Endogenous peptides participate in various biological processes and are important sources of candidates for drug development. To explore peptide changes related to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and to find peptides with cardioprotective function, we compared the expression profiles of peptides in the hearts of DOX-treated and control mice by mass spectrometry. The results showed that 236 differential peptides were identified upon DOX treatment, of which 22 were upregulated and 214 were downregulated. Next, we predicted that 31 peptides may have cardioprotective function by conducting bioinformatics analysis on the domains of each precursor protein, the predicted score of peptide biological activity, and the correlation of each peptide with cardiac events. Finally, we verified that a peptide (SPFYLRPPSF) from Cryab can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, improve cardiac function, and ameliorate myocardial fibrosis in vitro and vivo. In conclusion, our results showed that the expression profiles of peptides in cardiac tissue change significantly upon DOX treatment and that these differentially expressed peptides have potential cardioprotective functions. Our study suggests a new direction for the treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Nong, Nhung Thi Phuong, Christoper Caesar Yudho Sutopo, Wei-Ting Hung, Ping-Hsun Wu, and Jue-Liang Hsu. "The Molecular Docking and Inhibition Kinetics of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Soft-Shelled Turtle Yolk." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 12340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312340.

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The soft-shelled turtle yolk (SSTY) protein hydrolysate contains a potential source of bioactive peptides. Our previous study found that five SSTY peptides (WLQL, LPSW, LPLF, VPGLAL and LVGLPL) showed moderate to high dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. This study further investigated their angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Consequently, WLQL was identified as the most potent ACE inhibitory peptide with a remarkably low IC50 value (16.87 ± 0.54 µM). The Lineweaver–Burk plot analysis was performed for the characterization of the peptide’s inhibition mode and the inhibition kinetics was rationalized using the molecular docking simulation. The result revealed that WLQL would dock into the S1 pockets of ACE, while LPSW interacted with ACE’s secondary binding site. Further evaluation of the peptides’ stability against ACE involved a pre-incubation experiment. After 3 h of pre-incubation with ACE, the four peptides were hydrolyzed into smaller fragments with varying degrees, suggesting that they are substrate-type inhibitors. In contrast, LVGLPL can tolerate hydrolysis by ACE and act as a true inhibitor.
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Uttam, Tanishka. "Computational Analysis Comparison Prediction of Anticancer Peptide (ACP)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 3316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44641.

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Abstract: Anticancer peptides (ACPs) contain short peptides composed of 10–60 amino acids that can inhibit tumors cell proliferation or migration, or suppress the formation of tumors blood vessels, and are less likely to cause drug resistance. The aforementioned merits make ACPs the most promising anti-cancer candidate. ACPs may be degraded by proteases and result in cytotoxicity in many cases. To overcome these drawbacks, a plethora of research has focused on the reconstruction or modification of ACPs to improve their anti-cancer activity, while reducing their cytotoxicity. ACPs modification mainly includes main chain reconstruction and side-chain modification. After summarizing the classification and mechanism of action of ACPs, this paper focuses on recent development and progress in their reconstruction and modification. The information collected here may provide some ideas for further research on ACPs, in particular their modification. ACPs were extracted from various search engines like PubMed, Google scholar and Patent lens. Specific searches were carried out using a combination of keywords like ‘ACPs’, ‘antitumor peptides’, ‘anti-angiogenic peptides’, ‘anti-metastatic peptides’ and ‘host defence peptides. The comprehensive information related to a peptide like its source of origin, nature of the peptide, anticancer activity, N- and Cterminal modifications, conformation, etc. Additionally, CancerPPD provides information on around 249 types of cancer cell lines and 16 different assays used for testing the ACPs. In natural peptides, CancerPPD contains peptides having non-natural, chemically modified residues and D-amino acids. Besides this primary information, CancerPPD stores predicted tertiary structures as well as peptide sequences in SMILES format.
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Kawada, Tsuyoshi, Michio Ogasawara, Toshio Sekiguchi, Masato Aoyama, Kohji Hotta, Kotaro Oka, and Honoo Satake. "Peptidomic Analysis of the Central Nervous System of the Protochordate, Ciona intestinalis: Homologs and Prototypes of Vertebrate Peptides and Novel Peptides." Endocrinology 152, no. 6 (April 5, 2011): 2416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1348.

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The phylogenetic position of ascidians as the chordate invertebrates closest to vertebrates suggests that they might possess homologs and/or prototypes of vertebrate peptide hormones and neuropeptides as well as ascidian-specific peptides. However, only a small number of peptides have so far been identified in ascidians. In the present study, we have identified various peptides in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. Mass spectrometry-based peptidomic analysis detected 33 peptides, including 26 novel peptides, from C. intestinalis. The ascidian peptides are largely classified into three categories: 1) prototypes and homologs of vertebrate peptides, such as galanin/galanin-like peptide, which have never been identified in any invertebrates; 2) peptides partially homologous with vertebrate peptides, including novel neurotesin-like peptides; 3) novel peptides. These results not only provide evidence that C. intestinalis possesses various homologs and prototypes of vertebrate neuropeptides and peptide hormones but also suggest that several of these peptides might have diverged in the ascidian-specific evolutionary lineage. All Ciona peptide genes were expressed in the neural complex, whereas several peptide gene transcripts were also distributed in peripheral tissues, including the ovary. Furthermore, a Ciona neurotensin-like peptide, C. intestinalis neurotensin-like peptide 6, was shown to down-regulate growth of Ciona vitellogenic oocytes. These results suggest that the Ciona peptides act not only as neuropeptides in the neural tissue but also as hormones in nonneuronal tissues and that ascidians, unlike other invertebrates, such as nematodes, insects, and sea urchins, established an evolutionary origin of the peptidergic neuroendocrine, endocrine, and nervous systems of vertebrates with certain specific molecular diversity.
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Gaseitsiwe, Simani, Davide Valentini, Raija Ahmed, Shahnaz Mahdavifar, Isabelle Magalhaes, Johannes Zerweck, Mike Schutkowski, et al. "Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecule-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Peptide Analysis Using a Microarray Chip." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 4 (February 18, 2009): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00441-08.

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ABSTRACT Identification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II binding peptides is a crucial step in rational vaccine design and immune monitoring. We designed a novel MHC class II molecule-peptide microarray binding assay and evaluated 346 peptides from already identified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epitopes and an additional set (n = 206) of 20-mer peptides, overlapping by 15 amino acid residues, from HIV type 1B (HIV-1B) gp160 and Nef as a paradigm. Peptides were attached via the N-terminal part to a linker that covalently binds to the epoxy glass slide. The 552 peptides were printed in triplicate on a single peptide microarray chip and tested for stable formation of MHC class II molecule-peptide complexes using recombinant soluble DRB1*0101(DR1), DRB1*1501(DR2), and DRB1*0401(DR4) molecules. Cluster analysis revealed unique patterns of peptide binding to all three, two, or a single MHC class II molecule. MHC class II binding peptides reside within previously described immunogenic regions of HIV gp160 and Nef, yet we could also identify new MHC class II binding peptides from gp160 and Nef. Peptide microarray chips allow the comprehensive and simultaneous screening of a high number of candidate peptide epitopes for MHC class II binding, guided by subsequent quality data extraction and binding pattern cluster analysis.
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Syvitski, Raymond T., Xiao-Lin Tian, Kamal Sampara, Alan Salman, Song F. Lee, David L. Jakeman, and Yung-Hua Li. "Structure-Activity Analysis of Quorum-Sensing Signaling Peptides from Streptococcus mutans." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 4 (August 25, 2006): 1441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00832-06.

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ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans secretes and utilizes a 21-amino-acid signaling peptide pheromone to initiate quorum sensing for genetic competence, biofilm formation, stress responses, and bacteriocin production. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of truncated peptides and peptides with amino acid substitutions to investigate their structure-activity relationships based on the three-dimensional structures of S. mutans wild-type signaling peptide UA159sp and C-terminally truncated peptide TPC3 from mutant JH1005 defective in genetic competence. By analyzing these peptides, we demonstrated that the signaling peptide of S. mutans has at least two functional domains. The C-terminal structural motif consisting of a sequence of polar hydrophobic charged residues is crucial for activation of the signal transduction pathway, while the core α-helical structure extending from residue 5 to the end of the peptide is required for receptor binding. Peptides in which three or more residues were deleted from the C terminus did not induce genetic competence but competitively inhibited quorum sensing activated by UA159sp. Disruption of the amphipathic α-helix by replacing the Phe-7, Phe-11, or Phe-15 residue with a hydrophilic residue resulted in a significant reduction in or complete loss of the activity of the peptide. In contrast to the C-terminally truncated peptides, these peptides with amino acid substitutions did not compete with UA159sp to activate quorum sensing, suggesting that disruption of the hydrophobic face of the α-helical structure results in a peptide that is not able to bind to the receptor. This study is the first study to recognize the importance of the signaling peptide C-terminal residues in streptococcal quorum sensing.
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Hayes, Maria, Leticia Mora, and Simona Lucakova. "Identification of Bioactive Peptides from Nannochloropsis oculata Using a Combination of Enzymatic Treatment, in Silico Analysis and Chemical Synthesis." Biomolecules 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12121806.

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In vitro ACE-1 inhibitory peptides were characterised previously from a number of microalgal species including Spirulina platensis (peptide IAPG), Chlorella vulgaris (peptides FDL, AFL, VVPPA), Isochrysis galbana (peptide YMGLDLK), Chlorella sorokiniana (peptides IW and LW) and indeed Nannochloropsis oculata (peptides GMNNLTP and LEQ). The isolation of protein from Nannochloropsis oculata using a combination of ammonium salt precipitation and xylanase treatment of resulting biomass combined with molecular weight cut off filtration to produce a permeate and characterisation of bioactive peptides is described. The Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE-1) IC50 value for the generated permeate fraction was 370 µg/mL. Ninety-five peptide sequences within the permeate fraction were determined using mass spectrometry and eight peptides were selected for chemical synthesis based on in silico analysis. Synthesized peptides were novel based on a search of the literature and relevant databases. In silico, simulated gastrointestinal digestion identified further peptides with bioactivities including ACE-1 inhibitory peptides and peptides with antithrombotic and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CAMKII) inhibition. This work highlights the potential of Nannochloropsis oculata biomass as both a protein and bioactive peptide resource, which could be harnessed for use in the development of functional foods and feeds.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peptides – Analysis"

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Grail, Barry Mark. "Molecular recognition of peptides." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248898.

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Siu, Shiu-on, and 蕭紹安. "Biological mass spectrometry of peptides and glycopeptides." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203372.

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Foster, Michael Scott. "Design, synthesis, kinetic analysis, molecular modeling, and pharmacological evaluation of novel inhibitors of peptide amidation." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31816.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Dr. Sheldon W. May; Committee Member: Dr. James C. Powers; Committee Member: Dr. Nicholas Hud; Committee Member: Dr. Niren Murthy; Committee Member: Dr. Stanley H. Pollock. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Xu, Minjie, and 许敏洁. "Dissociation and characterization of cationic radical peptides." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197123.

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Gas phase fragmentations of cationic radical peptides provide important fundamental information that forms the basis for peptide sequencing by using mass spectrometry. Presenting results from low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations in conjunction with Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus modeling, this thesis describes some of the chemical properties, including the locations of the charge and radical sites that determine the gas-phase chemistry of peptide radical cations. The first Section (3.1) documents the dissociations of two isomeric glycylglycylarginine methyl ester radical cations, [G•GR–OMe]+ and [GG•R–OMe]+, with well-defined initial radical sites at the N-terminal and middle α-carbon atoms, respectively. These two isomers undergo similar fragmentations to form the y2+ ion and protonated allylguanidine; their identical CID spectra suggest that isomerization occurs prior to dissociation. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level revealed that the proton is sequestered on the guanidine group of the side chain in the presence of a highly basic arginine residue, thereby decreasing the isomerization barriers among the α-carbon–centered radicals to approximately 36 kcal mol–1 (cf. 45 kcal mol–1 for the non-basic [GGG]•+ analogues) and facilitating the radical migration along the peptide backbone and subsequent dissociation reactions. The second section (3.2) describes an investigation into the specific effect of the N-terminal basic residue on selective Cα–C bond cleavage of aromatic-containing radical cationic peptides. Upon replacing the arginine residue of [R(G)n–2X(G)7–n]•+ by a less-basic lysine residue, forming [K(G)n–2X(G)7–n]•+ (X = Phe or Tyr; n = 2–7) analogues, the selective Cα–C peptide bond cleavage no longer occurs. The dissociations of the prototypical radical cationic tripeptides [RFG]•+ and [KFG]•+ at the second Cα–C peptide bonds of α-radical intermediates proceed with comparable barriers (ca. 33 and 35 kcal mol–1, respectively); the generation of the competitive [b2 – H]•+ fragment from [RFG]•+ (ca. 40 kcal mol–1) is much higher in energy than that from [KFG]•+ (ca. 27 kcal mol–1). Thus, the selective Cα–C bond cleavage product from [KFG]•+ can be overridden by the [b2 – H]•+ species in the absence of a basic N-terminal residue. Section (3.3) further examines the mechanistic roles of various α- andβ-carbon–centered radicals prior to Cα–C bond cleavage, leading to the observation of novel x-type radical fragments. DFT calculations and RRKM modeling of a prototypical π-radical cationic system, [AY]•+, suggested that direct Cα–C bond cleavage leading to the formation of the [x1 + H]•+ species is thermodynamically comparable (ca. 16 kcal mol–1) with, but kinetically at least three-fold more favorable than, the well-characterized competitive formation of [c1 + 2H]+ and [z1 – H]•+ species. This finding agrees well with the experimental yield of the [x1 + H]•+ radical cation being higher than that of the minor [c1 + 2H]+ species.
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Coffey, Jonathan A. "Mass spectrometric analysis of selected proteins and peptides." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246785.

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Lam, Ngor-wai, and 林我威. "Generation and characterization of cationic and anionic radical peptides." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37097672.

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Karlsson, Katarina Flemmer. "Synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological evaluation of peptides from E. coli P pilus proteins." Lund : Organic Chemistry 2, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39777038.html.

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Orback, Beatrice. "ELISA analysis of peptides and proteins in stabilized plasma." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154064.

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Pinto, Devanand Michael. "Trace analysis of peptides and proteins by capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34822.pdf.

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Zhang, Ruowen. "Isolation and analysis of antimicrobial peptides from frog skins." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534592.

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Books on the topic "Peptides – Analysis"

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Peptides. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.

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Sidney, Udenfriend, and Meienhofer Johannes, eds. The Peptides: Analysis, synthesis, biology. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 1987.

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Sidney, Udenfriend, Meienhofer Johannes, and Smith Clark W, eds. The Peptides: Analysis, synthesis, biology. Orlando: Academic Press, 1987.

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M, Dunn Ben, and Pennington Michael W, eds. Peptide analysis protocols. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 1994.

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Singh, Bal Ram, ed. Infrared Analysis of Peptides and Proteins. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0750.

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S, Rapaka Rao, Hawks Richard L, and National Institute on Drug Abuse., eds. Opioid peptides: Molecular pharmacology, biosynthesis, and analysis. Rockville, Md: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1986.

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S, Rapaka Rao, Hawks Richard L, and National Institute on Drug Abuse., eds. Opioid peptides: Molecular pharmacology, biosynthesis, and analysis. Rockville, Md: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1986.

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ed, Rapaka Rao S., Hawks Richard L. ed, and National Institute on Drug Abuse., eds. Opioid peptides: Molecular pharmacology, biosynthesis, and analysis. Rockville, Md: DHHS, PHS, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1986.

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K, Siddle, and Hutton J. C, eds. Peptide hormone secretion: A practical approach. Oxford: IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1990.

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Chinese Peptide Symposium (4th 1996 Chengdu, China). Peptides: Biology and chemistry : proceedings of the 1996 Chinese Peptide Symposium, July 21-25, 1996, Chengdu, China. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peptides – Analysis"

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Recio, Isidra, Lourdes Amigo, Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, and Beatriz Miralles. "Peptides." In Handbook of Dairy Foods Analysis, 33–64. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429342967-4.

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Deng, Qiao-lin, Lu-hua Lai, Yu-zhen Han, and Xiao-jie Xu. "Conformational analysis of dynorphin(1–13)." In Peptides, 245–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9066-7_71.

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Auger, Geneviève, Didier Blanot, Georges A. Boffa, Marie-Françoise Gournay, Jean Van Heijenoort, Patrick Lambin, Pierrette Maes, Claude Nadal, and André Tartar. "Purification and analysis of a hepatocyte antiproliferative glycopeptide." In Peptides, 578–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9595-2_173.

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Santos-Hernández, Marta, Beatriz Miralles, Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, Lourdes Amigo, and Isidra Recio. "Bioactive Peptides." In Handbook of Dairy Foods Analysis, 481–503. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429342967-26.

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Gray, W. R. "Multicyclic cystine peptides: a new method for disulfide analysis." In Peptides, 1085–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0683-2_367.

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Desiderio, D. M., L. Yan, G. Fridland, and J. Tseng. "Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of opioid peptide precursors." In Peptides, 238–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0683-2_76.

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Hutton, T., B. N. Green, and M. J. Geisow. "Glycopeptide mapping and structural analysis by electrospray mass spectrometry." In Peptides, 329–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0683-2_106.

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Aulabaugh, A., J. J. Leban, R. Crouch, F. C. Kull, A. Landavazo, and J. McDermed. "Conformational analysis of bombesin analogues." In Peptides 1990, 526–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3034-9_221.

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Wilkes, Brian C., and Peter W. Schiller. "Theoretical conformational analysis of μ-selective cyclic opioid peptide analogs." In Peptides, 619–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9595-2_186.

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Brückner, Hans, Ingrid Bosch, Sibylle Kühne, and Sibylle Zivny. "Analysis and enantiomeric resolution of α-alkyl-α-amino acids." In Peptides, 195–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9595-2_56.

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Conference papers on the topic "Peptides – Analysis"

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Baba, Waqas, and Sajid Maqsood. "Novel antihypertensive and anticholesterolemic peptides from peptic hydrolysates of camel whey proteins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/qecs2081.

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Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are major growing concerns that are managed by drugs that inhibit various metabolic enzymes. Milk hydrolysates have been reported to contain various bioactive peptides (BAP) that can inhibit various metabolic enzymes for enhancing human health. As such camel whey proteins were subjected to peptic hydrolysis using a full factorial model (33) with hydrolysis time, temperature, and enzyme concentration as factors. The resulting hydrolysates were analyzed for anti-hypercholesterolemic and hypertensive properties by studying the in vitro inhibition of various enzymatic markers. The hydrolysates with lowest IC50 values were further subjected to LC-MS-QTOF that revealed presence of 185 peptides. Selected peptides that had Peptide Ranker Score greater than 0.8 were further studied for prediction of possible interactions with enzyme markers: pancreatic lipase (PL) cholesterol esterase (CE) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) using in silico analysis. The data generated suggested that most of the peptides could bind active site of PL while as only three peptides could bind active site of CE. Based on higher number of reactive residues in the bioactive peptides (BAP) and greater number of substrate binding sites, FCCLGPVPP was identified as potential CE inhibitory peptide while PAGNFLPPVAAAPVM, MLPLMLPFTMGY, and LRFPL were identified as PL inhibitors. While peptides PAGNFLP, FCCLGPVPP, PAGNFLMNGLMHR, PAVACCLPPLPCHM were identified as potential ACE inhibitors. Molecular docking of selected peptides showed hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions between peptides and target enzymes. Moreover, due to the importance of renin in managing hypertension, peptides from hydrolysates with high ACE inhibiting potential were predicted for potential to interact with renin using in silico analysis. Molecular docking was subsequently employed to identify how the identified peptides, PVAAAPVM and LRPFL, could interact with renin and potentially inhibit it. Thus, non-bovine (camel) whey hydrolysates might be used as functional ingredients for production of functional foods with antihypertensive and anticholesterolemic properties.
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Ehala, Sille, Petr Niederhafner, Václav Čeřovský, Pavel Řezanka, David Sýkora, Vladimír Král, and Václav Kašička. "Analysis of antimicrobial peptides by capillary electrophoresis." In XIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201113037.

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Fulcher, C. A., R. A. Houghten, S. de Graaf Mahoney, J. R. Roberts, and T. S. Zimmerman. "SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE PROBES OF FACTOR VIII IMMUNOLOGY AND FUNCTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644768.

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In order to develop specific immunologic reagents for mapping functionally important sites on FVIII, we have prepared rabbit polyclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides of FVIII derived from regions along the entire FVIII amino acid sequence. To date, a total of 70 peptides have been synthesized and characterized by amino acid and HPLC analysis. The peptides were coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin with glutaraldehyde as a linkage reagent and used to immunize rabbits. Antisera were tested by ELISA assay on polystyrene microtiter plates coated with either the peptide immunogen, or purified FVIII. The antisera were also tested for their ability to inhibit FVIII clotting activity and to react with separated FVIII polypeptides on immunoblots.Of the 70 peptides, all reacted with the peptide immunogen, 45 reacted with purified FVIII and 33 reacted with FVIII on immunoblots. Because we had obtained evidence that cleavage of the amino terminal region of the 80 kDa polypeptide may play a role in FVIII activation by thrombin, a series of partially overlapping peptides, 15 residues in length, were synthesized in this area. After affinity purifying these antibodies on columns of FVIII immobilized on agarose, adjusting the antibodies to equal antigen binding titers by dot immunoblotting and testing for inhibition of FVIII activity, only one antibody could strongly inhibit FVIII clotting activity. This inhibition could be blocked by the peptide itself at nanomolar concentrations and no significant inhibition could be shown by antibodies to partially overlapping peptides individually, or in combination. These data suggest that a site important to FVIII function can be localized to a 15 amino acid residue region of the 80 kDa polypeptide of FVIII. In addition, a second inhibitoryantibody was identified which was produced against a peptide in the carboxy terminal region of the 54 kDa thrombin fragment of FVIII and this area is currently being studied in a similar manner. In addition, two monoclonal anti-FVIII synthetic peptide antibodies have been produced which react with purified FVIII on immunoblots. One of these antibodies also functions as an immunoadsorbent when linked to agarose and FVII can be purified in this manner, using the synthetic peptide as eluant. It is evident that antibodies to synthetic peptides of FVIII can be useful probes of FVIII structure, function and interactions as well as being of use in FVIII purification.
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Koval, Dušan, Jiří Jiráček, Michaela Collinsová, and Václav Kašička. "Analysis and characterization of phosphinic pseudopeptides by capillary zone electrophoresis." In VIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200104113.

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Šimek, Petr, Luděk Lepša, and Dalibor Kodrík. "LC/MS analysis of adipokinetic peptides in the Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera)." In VIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200104090.

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Šolínová, Veronika, Václav Kašička, Dušan Koval, Jan Hlaváček, Tomislav Barth, Alice Ciencialová, Lenka Klasová, and Jana Straková. "Analysis of peptides by capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography." In VIIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200306105.

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Roller, Ladislav, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Ivana Valachová-Spálovská, Ladislav Šimo, and Dušan Žitňan. "The analysis of neuropeptides encoded in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome." In Xth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200709083.

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Kašička, Václav, Dušan Koval, Sille Ehala, Petra Sázelová, Veronika Šolínová, and Jan Hlaváček. "Recent applications of capillary electrophoresis to analysis and physicochemical characterization of peptides." In XIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201113061.

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Polášková, Pavla, and Josef Havel. "Separation of humanin derived peptides by capillary electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS analysis." In VIIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200306086.

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Daubnerová, Ivana, Kunihiro Shiomi, Ladislav Roller, and Dušan Žitňan. "Baculovirus-mediated gene transfer for analysis of moth behaviors regulated by multiple neuropeptides." In Xth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200709033.

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Reports on the topic "Peptides – Analysis"

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Hayteas, David. HPLC analysis of myoglobin tryptic peptides from selected species of cetaceans. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5970.

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Wong, Eric A., and Zehava Uni. Nutrition of the Developing Chick Embryo: Nutrient Uptake Systems of the Yolk Sac Membrane and Embryonic Intestine. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697119.bard.

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We have examined the developmental changes in composition, amount, and uptake of yolk nutrients (fat, protein, water and carbohydrates) and the expression ofnutrient transporters in the yolk sac membrane (YSM) from embryonic day 11 (Ell) to 21 (E21) and small intestine from embryonic day 15 (E15) to E21 in embryos from young (22-25 wk) and old (45-50 wk) Cobb and Leghorn breeder flocks. The developmental expression profiles for the peptide transporter 1 (PepTl), the amino acid transporters, EAAT3, CAT-1 and BOAT, the sodium glucose transporter (SGLTl), the fructose transporter (GLUT5), the digestive enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and sucraseisomaltase (SI) were assayed by the absolute quantification real time PCR method in the YSM and embryonic intestine. Different temporal patterns of expression were observed for these genes. The effect of in ovo injection of peptides (the dipeptide Gly-Sar, purified peptides, trypsin hydrolysate) on transporter gene expression has been examined in the embryonic intestine. Injection of a partial protein hydrolysate resulted in an increase in expression of the peptide transporter PepT2. We have initiated a transcriptome analysis of genes expressed in the YSM at different developmental ages to better understand the function of the YSM.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.

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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall, and Dalia Gordon. face of interaction of anti-insect selective toxins with receptor site-3 on voltage-gated sodium channels as a platform for design of novel selective insecticides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699857.bard.

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Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) play a pivotal role in excitability and are a prime target of insecticides like pyrethroids. Yet, these insecticides are non-specific due to conservation of Navs in animals, raising risks to the environment and humans. Moreover, insecticide overuse leads to resistance buildup among insect pests, which increases misuse and risks. This sad reality demands novel, more selective, insect killers whose alternative use would avoid or reduce this pressure. As highly selective insect toxins exist in venomous animals, why not exploit this gift of nature and harness them in insect pest control? Many of these peptide toxins target Navs, and since their direct use via transformed crop plants or mediator microorganisms is problematic in public opinion, we focus on the elucidation of their receptor binding sites with the incentive of raising knowledge for design of toxin peptide mimetics. This approach is preferred nowadays by agro-industries in terms of future production expenses and public concern. However, characterization of a non-continuous epitope, that is the channel receptor binding site for such toxins, requires a suitable experimental system. We have established such a system within more than a decade and reached the stage where we employ a number of different insect-selective toxins for the identification of their receptor sites on Navs. Among these toxins we wish to focus on those that bind at receptor site-3 and inhibit Nav inactivation because: (1) We established efficient experimental systems for production and manipulation of site-3 toxins from scorpions and sea anemones. These peptides vary in size and structure but compete for site-3 on insect Navs. Moreover, these toxins exhibit synergism with pyrethroids and with other channel ligands; (2) We determined their bioactive surfaces towards insect and mammalian receptors (see list of publications); (3) We found that despite the similar mode of action on channel inactivation, the preference of the toxins for insect and mammalian channel subtypes varies greatly, which can direct us to structural features in the basis of selectivity; (4) We have identified by channel loop swapping and point mutagenesis extracellular segments of the Navinvolved with receptor site-3. On this basis and using channel scanning mutagenesis, neurotoxin binding, electrophysiological analyses, and structural data we offer: (i) To identify the residues that form receptor site-3 at insect and mammalian Navs; (ii) To identify by comparative analysis differences at site-3 that dictate selectivity toward various Navs; (iii) To exploit the known toxin structures and bioactive surfaces for modeling their docking at the insect and mammalian channel receptors. The results of this study will enable rational design of novel anti-insect peptide mimetics with minimized risks to human health and to the environment. We anticipate that the release of receptor site-3 molecular details would initiate a worldwide effort to design peptide mimetics for that site. This will establish new strategies in insect pest control using alternative insecticides and the combined use of compounds that interact allosterically leading to increased efficiency and reduced risks to humans or resistance buildup among insect pests.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.

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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.
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Whitham, Steven A., Amit Gal-On, and Tzahi Arazi. Functional analysis of virus and host components that mediate potyvirus-induced diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591732.bard.

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The mechanisms underlying the development of symptoms in response to virus infection remain to be discovered in plants. Insight into symptoms induced by potyviruses comes from evidence implicating the potyviral HC-Pro protein in symptom development. In particular, recent studies link the development of symptoms in infected plants to HC-Pro's ability to interfere with small RNA metabolism and function in plant hosts. Moreover, mutation of the highly conserved FRNK amino acid motif to FINK in the HC-Pro of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) converts a severe strain into an asymptomatic strain, but does not affect virus accumulation in cucurbit hosts. The ability of this FINK mutation to uncouple symptoms from virus accumulation creates a unique opportunity to study symptom etiology, which is usually confounded by simultaneous attenuation of both symptoms and virus accumulation. Our goal was to determine how mutations in the conserved FRNK motif affect host responses to potyvirus infection in cucurbits and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our first objective was to define those amino acids in the FRNK motif that are required for symptoms by mutating the FRNK motif in ZYMV and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Symptom expression and accumulation of resulting mutant viruses in cucurbits and Arabidopsis was determined. Our second objective was to identify plant genes associated with virus disease symptoms by profiling gene expression in cucurbits and Arabidopsis in response to mutant and wild type ZYMV and TuMV, respectively. Genes from the two host species that are differentially expressed led us to focus on a subset of genes that are expected to be involved in symptom expression. Our third objective was to determine the functions of small RNA species in response to mutant and wild type HC-Pro protein expression by monitoring the accumulation of small RNAs and their targets in Arabidopsis and cucurbit plants infected with wild type and mutant TuMV and ZYMV, respectively. We have found that the maintenance of the charge of the amino acids in the FRNK motif of HC-Pro is required for symptom expression. Reduced charge (FRNA, FRNL) lessen virus symptoms, and maintain the suppression of RNA silencing. The FRNK motif is involved in binding of small RNA species including microRNAs (miRNA) and short interfering RNAs (siRNA). This binding activity mediated by the FRNK motif has a role in protecting the viral genome from degradation by the host RNA silencing system. However, it also provides a mechanism by which the FRNK motif participates in inducing the symptoms of viral infection. Small RNA species, such as miRNA and siRNA, can regulate the functions of plant genes that affect plant growth and development. Thus, this binding activity suggests a mechanism by which ZYMVHC-Pro can interfere with plant development resulting in disease symptoms. Because the host genes regulated by small RNAs are known, we have identified candidate host genes that are expected to play a role in symptoms when their regulation is disrupted during viral infections. As a result of this work, we have a better understanding of the FRNK amino acid motif of HC-Pro and its contribution to the functions of HC-Pro, and we have identified plant genes that potentially contribute to symptoms of virus infected plants when their expression becomes misregulated during potyviral infections. The results set the stage to establish the roles of specific host genes in viral pathogenicity. The potential benefits include the development of novel strategies for controlling diseases caused by viruses, methods to ensure stable expression of transgenes in genetically improved crops, and improved potyvirus vectors for expression of proteins or peptides in plants.
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Tsao, Chunsheng. The role of fasting C-peptide in predicting diabetes remission after sleeve gastrectomy：systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0127.

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Review question / Objective: Whether preoperative fasting plasma C-peptide level can be used as a predictor of diabetes remission after sleeve gastrectomy？ Eligibility criteria: 1. Number of people >20; 2. Sleeve stomach surgery; 3. Preoperative C-peptide information; 4. Complete follow-up and postoperative remission rate of diabetes. Information sources: Medline, Pubmed, Web of science.
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Sellers, Michael S., and Margaret M. Hurley. U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) XPairIt Simulator for Peptide Docking and Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607933.

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Lee, Jae-Hyung. Analysis of Protein-RNA and Protein-Peptide Interactions in Equine Infectious Anemia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/933138.

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Wiley, Don C., and David N. Garboczi. Structural Analysis of the Human T-Cell Receptor/HLA-A2/Peptide Complex. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342257.

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