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Journal articles on the topic "Peptide production pilot plant"
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Guo, Minliang, Qingming Hou, Choy L. Hew, and Shen Q. Pan. "Agrobacterium VirD2-Binding Protein Is Involved in Tumorigenesis and Redundantly Encoded in Conjugative Transfer Gene Clusters." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 10 (October 2007): 1201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-10-1201.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens can transfer oncogenic T-DNA into plant cells; T-DNA transfer is mechanistically similar to a conjugation process. VirD2 is the pilot protein that guides the transfer, because it is covalently associated with single-stranded T-DNA to form the transfer substrate T-complex. We used the VirD2 protein as an affinity ligand to isolate VirD2-binding proteins (VBPs). By pull-down assays and peptide-mass-fingerprint matching, we identified an A. tumefaciens protein designated VBP1 that could bind VirD2 directly. Genome-wide sequence analysis showed that A. tumefaciens has two additional genes encoding proteins highly similar to VBP1, designated vbp2 and vbp3. Like VBP1, both VBP2 and VBP3 also could bind VirD2; all three VBPs contain a putative nucleotidyltransferase motif. Mutational analysis of vbp demonstrated that the three vbp genes could functionally complement each other. Consequently, only inactivation of all three vbp genes highly attenuated the bacterial ability to cause tumors on plants. Although vbp1 is harbored on the megaplasmid pAtC58, vbp2 and vbp3 reside on the linear chromosome. The vbp genes are clustered with conjugative transfer genes, suggesting linkage between the conjugation and virulence factor. The three VBPs appear to contain C-terminal positively charged residues, often present in the transfer substrate proteins of type IV secretion systems. Inactivation of the three vbp genes did not affect the T-strand production. Our data indicate that VBP is a newly identified virulence factor that may affect the transfer process subsequent to T-DNA production.
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Alenezi, Faizah N., Ali Chenari Bouket, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Allaoua Silini, Marcel Jaspars, Tomasz Oszako, and Lassaȃd Belbahri. "Loss of Gramicidin Biosynthesis in Gram-Positive Biocontrol Bacterium Aneurinibacillus migulanus (Takagi et al., 1993) Shida et al. 1996 Emend Heyndrickx et al., 1997 Nagano Impairs Its Biological Control Ability of Phytophthora." Forests 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040535.
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The soil-borne species Aneurinibacillus migulanus (A. migulanus) strains Nagano and NCTC 7096 were shown to be potent biocontrol agents active against several plant diseases in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Both strains produce the cyclic peptide gramicidin S (GS) that was described as the main weapon inhibiting some gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungus-like organisms along with the production of biosurfactant and hemolysis activities. However, the contribution of the cyclic peptide gramicidin S (GS) to the biocontrol ability of A. migulanus has never been studied experimentally. In this paper, using a mutant of the A. migulanus Nagano strain (E1 mutant) impaired in GS biosynthesis we evaluated the contribution of GS in the biocontrol potential of A. migulanus against Phytophthora spp. The two strains of A. migulanus, Nagano and NCTC 7096, were tested in a pilot study for the inhibition of the growth of 13 Phytophthora species in dual culture assays. A. migulanus Nagano was significantly more inhibitory than NCTC 7096 to all species. Additionally, using apple infection assays, P. rosacearum MKDF-148 and P. cryptogea E2 were shown to be the most aggressive on apple fruits displaying clear infection halos. Therefore, the three A. migulanus strains, Nagano, NCTC 7096, and E1, were used in apple infection experiments to check their effect on infection ability of these two Phytophthora species. Treatment with A. migulanus Nagano significantly reduced the severity of symptoms in apple fruits compared with NCTC 7096. A. migulanus E1 mutant showed total loss of biocontrol ability suggesting that GS is a major actor in the biocontrol ability of A. migulanus Nagano strain.
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Conic, Vesna, Vladimir Cvetkovski, Milovan Vukovic, and Milena Cvetkovska. "Pilot plant for biohidrometallurgical production of copper." Chemical Industry 63, no. 1 (2009): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0901051c.
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In this work, technical and technological characteristics of pilot plant for biohydrometallurgical production of copper financed by Ministry of Science and Environment Protection of Serbia, in the frame of capital providing for scientific research for the period 2006-2008 is presented. Presented within this project is the contribution and capability of the Institute for Mining and Metallurgy Bor to carry out the Fp6 IP project: 'Biotechnology for Metal Bearing Materials in Europe (BioMinE)'. In the pilot plant, processes such as: microbiological leaching, pressures oxidation, chemical purification of solutions, solvent extraction and electrowining of copper were carried out. Bioleaching can treat complex copper concentrates which are either unacceptable to smelting or attract high penalties. Some of the elements penalized in smelting (for example zinc) are dissolved in the bioleach process and can be recovered for sale. This may often allow an increased recovery of a few percent in the production of the copper concentrate. Bioleaching can be used in either small or large cathodic copper production from copper concentrate. Bioleaching uses conventional upstream and downstream process technology and the unit operation itself has been proven in the gold industry. For these reasons, this work describes the pilot plant for biotechnological production of copper from RTB Bor resources.
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Vaquero, C., R. Wendelbo, A. Egizabal, C. Gutierrez-Cañas, and J. López de Ipiña. "Exposure to graphene in a pilot production plant." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1323 (October 2019): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1323/1/012005.
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POLEDNÍKOVÁ, M., J. VÝBORSKÝ, L. CHLÁDEK, and T. ŠRUMA. "Production using immobilized yeasts on pilot plant scale." Kvasny Prumysl 39, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp1993001.
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El-Shawarby, Sh I., E. A. El-Zanaty, A. H. El-Refai, F. A. Hamissa, and H. Shaker. "Pilot plant production of SCP from sugarcane bagasse." Biological Wastes 20, no. 4 (January 1987): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(87)90004-8.
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Liu, Guang Rui, and Guan Yi Chen. "Pilot Plant of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.687.
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Biodiesel, as an alternative auto fuel for conventional fossil fuel, has drawn wide attention in recent years. In this research, a two-step process for biodiesel production using waste cooking oil as feedstock was studied in a pilot plant with a treatment capacity of 3 ton/d. The results show that: the process exihibited a good conversion ratio and the biodiesel displayed suitable physical-chemical properties in comparison with diesel fuel, such as flash point of 137°C, viscosity of 4.49 mm2/s, acid value of 0.44 mg KOH/g etc. The quality of biodiesel meets the agreement with the European specification defined by EN 14214. Afterwards, the mixture of biodiesel and diesel were test in the engine with a ratio of 50/50（v/v）, 20/80（v/v）, and 0/100（v/v）. It indicates the mixed fuel has a reasonable fuel consumption rates without diesel engine modification, when the biodiesel blended with 0# diesel as fuel. The present results demonstrated that the industrial scale plant would achieve promising objective with waste cooking oils and animal fats as raw material. Also, this biodiesel-based diesel fuel could be applied in Tianjin local public transportation system that improves its sustainable development.
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Reiling, H. E., U. Thanei-Wyss, L. H. Guerra-Santos, R. Hirt, O. Käppeli, and A. Fiechter. "Pilot plant production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51, no. 5 (1986): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.51.5.985-989.1986.
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Mann, Horace C., Kenneth E. McGill, and Mark T. Holt. "Pilot-plant production of ammonium polyphosphate sulfate suspension fertilizers." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development 24, no. 4 (December 1985): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i300020a020.
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Del Rosso, Renato, Paolo Gronchi, and Paolo Centola. "Pilot plant tests for glyoxal production: Reactor thermal behavior." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 48, no. 2 (December 1992): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02162722.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Peptide production pilot plant"
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Ruiz, Medina Tarik. "Plant cell bioreactors for peptide production." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670804.
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La producció de proteïnes recombinants en plantes representa una oportunitat per a la seva obtenció i utilització comercial. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi industrial ha estat el desenvolupament de sistemes vegetals de producció de proteïnes, eficients i competitius econòmicament, amb possibilitats de portar-les al mercat. Per fer-ho hem explorat dos sistemes: els cultius cel·lulars de Daucus carota i les fulles de Nicotiana benthamiana, cadascun d'ells amb els seus avantatges i limitacions. Com a prova de concepte, ambdós sistemes van ser utilitzats per a la producció d'"insulin-like growth factor 1" (IGF1), un pèptid d'alt valor afegit per a les indústries cosmètica i farmacèutica. S'assajaren vàries estratègies innovadores per a millorar els rendiments de producció augmentant l'expressió gènica i reduir costos de purificació del producte. A més, l'activitat biològica de l'IGF1 i els seus derivats produïts en planta va ser avaluada en comparació amb pèptids sintètics. Com a primera estratègia s'assajaren supressors del silenciament de l'ARN d'origen viral per tal d'incrementar l'expressió gènica. En assajos d'expressió transitòria amb la proteïna verda fluorescent com a marcadora, seleccionàrem la proteïna P1b del ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV). Els nostres resultats amb línies cel·lulars de pastanaga sobreexpressores de l'IGF1 o el seu pèptid derivat CPP-IGF1 (variant dissenyada per a millorar la seva penetració en cèl·lules humanes) mostraren que en combinació amb P1b s'arribava a rendiments de producció 4 vegades majors que les línies sense el supressor del silenciament. A més, els pèptids foren dirigits al medi de cultiu per facilitar el seu aïllament mitjançant una simple clarificació. En assajos d'activitat, les fraccions obtingudes confirmaren ser capaces d'incrementar la divisió de fibroblasts humans. En relació amb l'estabilitat de la producció, s'observà una reducció propera al 33% després de vint-i-un cicles de propagació successius, per la qual cosa s'implementà la criopreservació de les línies transgèniques per mantenir els rendiments de producció originals, i així establir bancs cel·lulars per usos futurs. Alhora, es desenvolupà un sistema de producció transitòria de l'IGF1 i el CPP-IGF1 en fulles de N. benthamiana utilitzant un vector derivat del virus del mosaic del tabac, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Aquest sistema va permetre reduir el temps d'obtenció del pèptid actiu, encara que en comparació amb la producció a les línies cel·lulars l'obtenció del producte no fou tan senzilla. Per tal de facilitar la purificació de l'IGF1 a partir de les matrius vegetals, aplicàrem una estratègia innovadora basada en fusions a oleosina per dirigir la producció a cossos lipídics. Aquesta tecnologia ja havia estat utilitzada en llavors, però no en cultius cel·lulars i escassament en fulles. Les nostres observacions mostraren la presència d'abundants cossos lipídics en nombrosos cultius cel·lulars incloent-hi els de D. carota amb l'excepció de les dues espècies model analitzades, Nicotiana tabacum i Arabidopsis thaliana. Desafortunadament, l'expressió estable de fusions a l'oleosina sembla que va afectar greument al creixement dels calls cel·lulars, pel que s'exploraren alternatives de la seva aplicació a la producció en fulles. Per tal d'augmentar la quantitat de cossos lipídics, la producció de les fusions a l'oleosina es realitzà simultàniament amb la d'inductors de l'acumulació de triacilglicerols utilitzant elements clau de la seva ruta biosintètica en A. thaliana: l'enzim DGAT1 i el factor de transcripció WRI1. Quan ambdós inductors foren co-expressats en combinació amb fusions a oleosina i l'IGF1 en plantes de N. benthamiana, es va obtenir fins 1 μg/g d'IGF1 unit als cossos lipídics, fàcilment aïllable i actiu. El nostre treball proporciona evidències que la utilització de supressors del silenciament de l'ARN, els vectors virals i la tecnologia de les oleosines contribueixen al potencial de les matrius vegetals per a la producció de proteïnes d'interès.La producción de proteínas recombinantes en plantas representa una oportunidad para su obtención y uso comercial. El objetivo principal de esta tesis industrial ha sido el desarrollo de sistemas vegetales de producción de proteínas, eficientes y competitivos a nivel económico, con posibilidades de llevarlas al mercado. Para ello hemos explorado dos sistemas: los cultivos celulares de Daucus carota y las hojas de Nicotiana benthamiana, cada uno con sus ventajas y limitaciones. Como prueba de concepto, ambos sistemas fueron utilizados para la producción de “'insulin-like growth factor 1” (IGF1), un péptido de alto valor añadido para las industrias cosmética y farmacéutica. Se ensayaron varias estrategias innovadoras para mejorar los rendimientos de producción aumentando la expresión génica y para reducir costes de purificación del producto. Además, la actividad biológica de IGF1 y sus derivados producidos en plantas se evaluó en comparación con péptidos sintéticos. Como primera estrategia se ensayaron supresores del silenciamiento de ARN de origen viral para incrementar la expresión génica. En ensayos de expresión transitoria con la proteína verde fluorescente como marcadora, seleccionamos la proteína P1b del ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV). Nuestros resultados con líneas celulares de zanahoria sobreexpresoras de IGF1 o su péptido derivado CPP-IGF1 (variante diseñada para mejorar su penetración en células humanas) mostraron que en combinación con P1b alcanzaban rendimientos de producción 4 veces mayores que las líneas sin el supresor del silencing. Además, los péptidos fueron dirigidos al medio de cultivo para facilitar su aislamiento por simple clarificación. En ensayos de actividad, las fracciones obtenidas confirmaron ser capaces de incrementar la división de fibroblastos humanos. En relación a la estabilidad de la producción, se observó una reducción cercana al 33% después de veintiún ciclos de propagación sucesivos, por lo que se implementó la criopreservación de las líneas transgénicas para mantener los rendimientos de producción originales, y así establecer bancos de líneas celulares para usos futuros. También se desarrolló un sistema de producción transitoria de IGF1 y CPP-IGF1 en hojas de N. benthamiana utilizando un vector derivado del virus del mosaico del tabaco, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Este sistema permitió reducir el tiempo de obtención del péptido activo, aunque en comparación con la producción en líneas celulares la obtención del producto no fue tan sencilla. Con el fin de facilitar la purificación de IGF1 desde matrices vegetales, aplicamos una estrategia innovadora basada en fusiones a oleosina para dirigir la producción a cuerpos lipídicos. Esta tecnología ya había sido utilizada en semillas, pero no en cultivos celulares, y escasamente en hojas. Nuestras observaciones mostraron la presencia de abundantes cuerpos lipídicos en numerosos cultivos celulares, incluyendo los de D. carota, con la excepción de las dos especies modelo analizadas, Nicotiana tabacum y Arabidopsis thaliana. Desafortunadamente, la expresión estable de fusiones a oleosina pareció afectar gravemente el crecimiento de los callos celulares, por lo que se exploró la alternativa de su aplicación a la producción en hojas. Para aumentar la cantidad de cuerpos lipídicos, la producción de las fusiones a oleosina se realizó simultáneamente con inductores de la acumulación de triacilgliceroles, usando elementos clave de su ruta biosintética en A. thaliana: la enzima DGAT1 y el factor de transcripción WRI1. Cuando ambos inductores fueron co-expresados en combinación con fusiones de oleosina e IGF1 en plantas de N. benthamiana, se obtuvo hasta 1 μg/g de IGF1 unida a los cuerpos lipídicos, fácilmente aislable y activo. Nuestro trabajo proporciona evidencias de que la utilización de supresores del silenciamiento de ARN, los vectores virales y la tecnología de oleosinas contribuyen al potencial de las matrices vegetales para la producción de proteínas de interés.
The production of proteins in plant cell cultures and whole plants represents great opportunities to develop products for commercial use. The main objective of this industrial thesis was to develop economic and efficient plant production systems to bring proteins of interest to the market. We explored two different systems, Daucus carota cell cultures and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, each having advantages and drawbacks depending on the intended use of the products. As a proof of concept, both systems were applied in the production of the human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a high value peptide for the cosmetic and therapeutic industries. Innovative strategies to enhance gene expression and to facilitate product purification were used to improve yields and to reduce costs. Moreover, the biological activity of the produced IGF1 and derivatives was evaluated and compared to the chemically synthesized peptides to demonstrate the usefulness of production systems. Our first approach to enhance gene expression and improve peptide yields was with RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs). Using transient expression assays and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter, we selected the P1b from the Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) Ipomovirus as the RSSs to enhance gene expression in carrot cell cultures. Our results demonstrated that transgenic lines overexpressing IGF1 or the derivative CPP-IGF1 (a variant tailored to enhance the delivery to human cells) reached up to 4-fold higher peptide yields in combination with P1b than without. The IGF1 or CPP-IGF1 was targeted to the culture media being easily purified by simple clarification of suspensions. Moreover, we found that the media containing the produced IGF1 or CPP-IGF1 stimulated the division of human fibroblasts. A cryopreservation process was applied to the transgenic lines to avoid the reduction in peptide production found over successive propagation cycles. This allowed us to recover the original yields, opening up the possibility of establishing master cell banks. We also developed a transient production system of IGF1 and CPP-IGF1 using N. benthamiana leaves and a derived tobacco mosaic virus vector. This system resulted in similar yields of active peptides to cell cultures with the main advantage of shortening production times, although requiring more complex downstream purification. Our innovative strategy to facilitate the purification of IGF1 from plant matrices was the use of oleosin fusion technology for lipid droplet (LDs) targeting. This technology has been previously used in LD-rich seeds, but unexplored in plant cell cultures or LD-poor tissues such as leaves. Our work showed that model cell cultures from Nicotiana tabacum or Arabidopsis thaliana were an exception, as many other plant cell cultures, including D. carota cells, do contain a large number of LDs and are susceptible to produce oleosin fusion proteins. However, as the stable expression of oleosin fusions severely affected callus cell growth, we tested the technology in transient expression in leaves. Due to the low level of LDs in leaves, oleosin fusion proteins production was in combination with triacylglycerol (TAG) induction to increase LD content simultaneously. For this purpose, key components of the TAG biosynthetic pathway, A. thaliana derived elements such as the enzyme DGAT1 and the regulatory factor WRI1 were co-expressed with the IGF1 oleosin fusion proteins in N. benthamiana leaves. Using this strategy, we obtained yields up to 1 μg/g of IGF1 bound to LDs, easily purified and fully active. Our work provides evidence of the potential of plant matrices to produce valuable peptides. Also, the oleosin technology, the use of RSSs and viral vectors explored will serve to overcome some of the known limitations of plant systems to produce active products of industrial interest.
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Jiménez, Peñalver Pedro. "Sophorolipids production by solid-state fermentation: from lab-scale to pilot plant." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458652.
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En aquest treball es proposa una tecnologia alternativa per a la producció de soforolípids (SLs), un tipus de biosurfactant, presentats com a alternativa als surfactants produïts químicament degut a la seva major eficiència i millor perfil mediambiental. En aquest treball s'han dut a terme dues estratègies per a millorar la relació de cost-eficiència dels SLs respecte als surfactants produïts químicament, que és el que determina la seva viabilitat econòmica. Ambdues estratègies estan basades en la producció de SLs mitjançant la fermentació en estat sòlid.
La primera estratègia va consistir en el ús d’un residu de winterització (RW) amb l'objectiu de disminuir el preu dels substrats i, per tant, el cost final de producció dels SLs. Es va utilitzar melassa de sucre com a co-substrat i palla de blat com a suport inert. El procés va ser optimitzat en base al rati de substrats, la velocitat d’aeració i a la mida de l’inòcul a escala de 100-g, obtenint-se un rendiment de 0.261 g per g de substrat al dia 10. El procés optimitzat, va ser escalat satisfactòriament a un bioreactor de llit fix de 40-L, però posteriorment, es van observar problemes associats amb l'eliminació de calor durant l'escalat a un bioreactor de 100-L amb barreja intermitent. L'estructura química i les propietats interfacials de la barreja natural del SLs produït a partir del RW es va estudiar durant una estança al Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (NY, USA).
La segona estratègia consistí en l'ús de àcid esteàric (C18:0) per a l'obtenció de SLs amb una estructura específica que millori les propietats fisicoquímiques de la barreja natural de SLs i, per tant, la seva eficiència. Es va utilitzar melassa de sucre com a co-substrat i escuma de poliuretà com a suport inert. L'efecte de la densitat de l'escuma de poliuretà i la capacitat de retenció hídrica van ser avaluades i el procés va ser optimitzat en base al rati de substrats e inòcul, obtenint-se un rendiment final de 0.211 g de SLs per g de substrat. Els SLs produïts contenien elevades quantitats de SLs C18:0.
Es van observar correlacions significatives entre el rendiment de SLs i l’oxigen consumit (COA). Això suggereix que el COA pot ser utilitzat com a mesura indirecta de la producció de SLs per a la monitorització en línea de processos de FES.
Aquesta tesi representa el començament d'una nova línia d'investigació centrada en la producció de SLs per FES en el Grup de Investigació en Compostatge (GICOM) del Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.En este trabajo se propone una tecnología alternativa para producir soforolípidos (SLs), un tipo de biosurfactante, presentados como alternativa a los surfactantes producidos químicamente debido a su mayor eficiencia y mejor perfil medioambiental. En este trabajo se han explorado dos estrategias para mejorar la relación coste-eficiencia de los SLs respecto a los surfactantes producidos químicamente, que es lo que determina su viabilidad económica. Ambas estrategias están basadas en la producción de SLs mediante la fermentación en estado sólido (FES) de Starmerella bombicola. La primera estrategia consistió en el uso de un residuo de winterización (RW) con el fin de disminuir el precio de los sustratos. Se utilizó melaza de azúcar como co-sustrato y paja de trigo como soporte inerte. El proceso fue optimizado en base a la ratio de sustratos, la velocidad de aireación y el tamaño del inóculo a escala de 100-g obteniendo un rendimiento de 0.261 g de SLs por g de sustrato a día 10. El proceso fue escalado satisfactoriamente a un biorreactor de lecho fijo de 40-L, pero se observaron problemas asociados con la eliminación del calor durante el escalado a un biorreactor de 100-L. Los SLs producidos a partir del RW fueron caracterizados durante una estancia en el Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) en NY, EEUU. La segunda estrategia consistió en el uso de ácido esteárico (C18:0) para obtener SLs con una estructura específica que mejore las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la mezcla natural de SLs y, por tanto, su eficiencia. Se utilizó melaza de azúcar como co-sustrato y espuma de poliuretano como soporte inerte. Se evaluó el efecto de la densidad de la espuma de poliuretano y la capacidad de retención hídrica y el proceso fue optimizado en base a la ratio de sustratos e inóculo obteniendo un rendimiento final de 0.211 g de SLs por g de sustrato. Los SLs producidos presentaron contenidos elevados de SLs diacetilados C18:0 acídico y lactónico. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el rendimiento de SLs y el oxígeno consumido (COA). Esto sugiere que el COA puede ser usado como medida indirecta de la producción de SLs para la monitorización on-line de procesos de FES. Esta tesis representa el comienzo de una nueva línea de investigación centrada en la producción de SLs por FES en el Grupo de Investigación en Compostaje (GICOM) del Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biológica y Ambiental de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
This work proposes a potential alternative approach to produce sophorolipids (SLs), a type of biosurfactant, which are presented as an alternative to chemically-produced surfactants due to their higher efficiency and better environmental compatibility. Two strategies have been performed in this work to increase their cost-performance relative to petroleum based surfactants, which determines their commercial viability. Both are based in the production of SLs by the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of solid hydrophobic substrates by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. The first strategy was to use winterization oil cake (WOC), an oil cake that comes from the oil refining industry, to decrease the price of the substrates and, therefore, the final production costs of SLs. Sugar-beet molasses was used as co-substrate and wheat straw was chosen as inert support. The process was optimized in terms of substrates ratio, aeration rate and inoculum size at 0.5-L scale to obtain a yield of 0.261 g of SLs per g of substrate at day 10. The optimized process was successfully scale-up to a 40-L packed-bed bioreactor but problems associated with heat removal were found during the scale-up to a 100-L intermittently-mixed bioreactor. The chemical structure and interfacial properties of the SL natural mixture produced from the WOC were studied during a research stay at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in NY, USA. The second strategy consisted in the use of stearic acid (C18:0) to obtain SLs with a specific structure that improves the physicochemical properties of the SL natural mixture and, therefore, their performance. Sugar-beet molasses was used as co-substrate and polyurethane foam (PUF) functioned as inert support. The effect of PUF density and water holding capacity was assessed and the process was optimized in terms of substrate and inoculum ratio to obtain a final yield of 0.211 g of SLs per g of substrate. SLs produced herein had high contents of diacetylated acidic and lactonic C18:0 SLs. There were significant correlations between the SL yield and the oxygen consumed (COC). This suggests that the respiration parameter COC, can be used as an indirect measurement of the production of SLs for the on-line monitoring of SSF processes. This thesis represents the beginning of a new research line focused on the production of SLs by SSF in the Composting Research Group (GICOM) at the Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
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Briano, Lucía Benavente. "Production of ellagitannins concentrate by UF-NF from tropical highland blackberries." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10420.
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Dissertation presented to Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa for obtaining the master degree in Membrane EngineeringTropical highland blackberries are produced in Costa Rica and other tropical countries. Since weather conditions in tropical regions are more stressful than in temperate ones, polyphenol content in blackberries is hypothetically higher for tropically grown fruits. Ellagitannins are hydrolysable tannins – polyphenols – that have been studied lately due to their health beneficial properties, such as antioxidants, cancer treatment agents and cardiovascular health improvers. The concentration of such components by low-ultrafiltration/nanofiltration technologies is of great interest since low processing temperatures are used. Therefore, thermal labile components are not lost due to heat. CITA and CIRAD have issued a patent for using membrane technologies for the production of fruit juices and concentrate by using mostly membrane technology. The results show that it is possible to concentrate ellagitannins in blackberry up to a concentration 5-times higher than the one in the initial clarified juice with a ceramic membrane at 30ºC, with a VRF of 11. Retentions of up to 99 % were obtained for anthocyanins and ellagitannins. The initial estimate of production cost per kilogram of product is of 34 U$S/kg and assuming a sales price of 72 U$S/kg of product the payback time for an investment of nearly 165,000 U$S and a consumption of 2000 kg/day of blackberries is of two and a half months. The preliminary stability study showed that there is a need for further stabilization steps in order to assure the quality of concentrate, since polyphenol content decreased by 28%, anthocyanins by 52% and the ellagitannin estimate reduction percentage was of 22%, for a storage at 37ºC for a 5-week period. All in all, it was possible to study the concentration of ellagitannins from blackberry clarified juice in a pilot scale.
The EM3E Master is an Education Programme supported by the European Commission, the European Membrane Society (EMS), the European Membrane House (EMH), and a large international network of industrial companies, research centres and universities
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Koumoutsi, Alexandra. "Functional genome analysis of the plant-growth promoting bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42; characterizing its production and regulation of nonribosomal peptide synthetases." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=983473870.
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Hemlin, Hanna, and Nektaria Lalangas. "Production of Biochar Through Slow Pyrolysis of Biomass: Peat,Straw, Horse Manure and Sewage Sludge." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246042.
Full textAbstract:
With a growing concern of climate change due to increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, carbon sequestration has been suggested as a possible solution for climate change mitigation. Biochar,a highly carbonaceous product produced through pyrolysis, is considered a viable option due to its content of stable carbon. This work covers the investigation of the possibility to produce biocharfrom four different feedstocks, namely peat, straw, horse manure and sewage sludge. The study includes a literature study and a five-week trial period at a 500 kW pilot plant, PYREG 500, in Högdalen. The thermal behaviour of the feedstocks, including garden waste, was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA results were used to decide the optimal pyrolysis temperature for peat and straw at the pilot plant. The TGA results showed that the feedstocks behave differently when pyrolysed; the mass loss rate as well as the final mass loss varied. Physiochemical characterisation of the biochar was completed and the results were in agreement with previous studies. The produced biochar from straw and two types of peat had a C content above50 wt.% (76.6, 80.7, 79.2 wt.%) and low molar ratios of H/C (0.33, 0.36, 0.38) and O/C (0.032,0.023, 0.024). The pH increased as a consequence of pyrolysis and the biochars were alkaline (pH10.1, 8.5, 8.3). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found in biochar from both strawand peat (8.26, 1.03, 5.83 mg/kg). In general, nutrients and heavy metals were concentrated in the biochar, except for Cd which decreased and Hg which could not be determined. The specific surface area of biochar from straw was considered small (21 m2/g) while biochar from peat had a higher specific surface area with a greater span (102-247 m2/g). The properties of the produced biochar were compared to the criteria included in the European Biochar Certificate and some of them were fulfilled, including the content of C, PAH and heavy metals. A flue gas analysis was completed when operating the pilot plant on straw pellets and it was showed that several emissions were released, including NO2, SOX, HCl and particulates, however, solely the emissions of NO2 exceed the regulations which will be applied in 2020. Regarding process design of a future pyrolysis plant, it is suggested that the means of material transport, particle separation, temperature control and quenching of biochar should be improved.
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D'Ercole, Annunziata. "Development and scale-up of synthetic strategies for exotic macrocyclisation to increase druggability of peptides as active pharmaceutical ingredients of industrial interest." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1264636.
Full textAbstract:
In the framework of the PhD project of industrial interest, I have been involved
in the development and optimization of synthetic procedures to obtain peptides of
pharmaceutical interest, both on the laboratory scale and for the industrial
production, in the context of the University-Industry Joint Laboratory PeptFarm
of the University of Florence.
This research develops through two parallel lines. The former is related to the
development of a multigram, scalable cGMP-compliant MW-SP synthetic
approach for the manufacture of the cyclic peptide Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredient Eptifibatide acetate. Additionally, an alternative, patentable synthetic
approach has been developed to overcome patent restrictions.
On the other hand, the development of an efficient synthetic strategy for the
preparation of a library of stapled peptides of pre-clinical interest derived from
relaxin hormone was performed, aiming to investigate their biological role.
Moreover, the feasibility of an oral administration of serelaxin gastroprotected
formulations were investigated.
According to the industrial perspective on research needs and opportunities in
manufacturing, automation of as many steps as possible within an industrial
production frame is pivotal to guarantee safety requirements. Solid-phase
strategies are considered methods of election for medium-length peptide
syntheses not only at the research scale but for large-scale production, as well.
The possibility to use microwave-assisted technology on the large scale recently
introduced, prompted us to evaluate the possibility to conveniently set-up a safe
and fully cGMP-compliant pilot process to produce Eptifibatide acetate Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), a generic hexapeptide, characterized by a
single disulfide bridge. We investigated strategies based on the use of the
microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis (MW-SPPS), by the use of a
DIC/Oxyma Pure coupling protocol at 90 °C. This fully automated technology,
previously accessible only at R&D level, has been recently made available also
for the large-scale manufacturing of peptide APIs, taking constantly into account
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the cost-effectiveness and dangerousness of each procedure. Accordingly, we
developed an optimized process at the laboratory scale (1-5 mmol), which was
subsequently successfully scaled-up to 70 mmol, obtaining all the information
required by regulatory agencies to validate the process and qualify the pilot-scale
plant. The process consists of 5 steps: 1) automated microwave-assisted solid phase
synthesis of Eptifibatide linear precursor; 2) cleavage from the resin with
concomitant amino acid side-chains deprotection; 3) disulfide-bond formation in
solution; 4) purification by flash column chromatography; 5) ion-exchange solid phase
extraction. Since the direct scale-up of a kg-scale, cGMP compliant
peptide API production procedure is a challenge that requires an accurate
understanding of each involved step, we preliminary performed a quality
management risk assessment, which enabled a smooth and effective achievement
of a successful final result. Moreover, in our optimization process, a reduction in
time, solvents and waste have been obtained, ensuring compliance with the
quality specifications, according to regulatory agencies requirements (FDA and
EMA). Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of Eptifibatide acetate HPLC
purity (99.6%) and Yield (22.1%).
Additionally, the investigation of an alternative on-resin cyclization strategy for
therapeutic peptide industrial production of Eptifibatide acetate has been carried
out in parallel with the aim to develop a robust and economically competitive
production process avoiding intermediate steps of isolation to preserve the
recovery guaranteeing a GMPs quality product, to overcome patent restrictions.
A scalable, fully automated approach performed entirely in the same reactor has
been developed. We explored and compared four solid-phase disulfide formation
approaches (A, B, C, D) between the C-terminal Cys and the N-terminal 3-
Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). These mainly differ one from each other for the
final cyclization step, obtained by direct formation of an S-S disulfide bridge
(strategies A-B) or via side-chain-to-tail amide bond formation (strategies C-D).
Strategy D resulted the best one, thanks to the concomitant reduction of the Stert-
butylthio (StBu) Cys protecting group (PG) and disulfide formation with the
MPA reducing agent, enjoying the advantage of using an already qualified
starting material. This strategy (D) represents an inventive (non-obvious)
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strategy, (since we were the first to propose MPA to deprotect StBu on cysteine),
which proposes for the first time to perform all the processes including disulfide
bond formation in a single reactor (novelty), scalable on multigram-scale by
Liberty Pro synthesizer (Industrial applicability). Therefore, according to the
three patentability criteria required for a new production process: Novelty;
inventive and industrial applicability, the present PhD work identifies a new
patentable production process.1
In line with the synthesis of conformationally constraint relaxin derivatives, the
present work describes the development of an innovative, efficient and
reproducible MW-assisted Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (SP
MW-CuAAC) performed on solid phase to prepare side-chain-to-side-chain
clicked H1-relaxin single B-chain analogues, overcoming the several synthetic
drawbacks (aggregation tendency and poor solubility) which hamper
relaxins syntheses.
All the relevant parameters, that are, resin (PEG-PS vs PS), solvent mixtures
(H2O:t-BuOH:DCM 1:1:1, DMSO:DMF 1:2), catalytic system (CuBr vs CuSO4),
microwave energy and reaction time were optimized using a systematic
approach.2 Two generations of H1-relaxin single B-chain stapled analogues were
obtained. First-generation (VR and VIR) and second-generation H1-relaxin
single B-chain peptides (VII and VIIR; VIII and VIIIR; IX and IXR) were
characterized by different lengths and different positions and orientations of the
triazolyl ring, and were designed with the aim to stabilize the α-helix
conformation and to expose the binding cassette motif. The α-helicity induced by
the side-chain to side-chain stapling obtained was demonstrated by the circular
dichroism (CD) performed both in phosphate buffer and in SDS micelle, thanks
to the collaboration with Prof. A. Carotenuto (University of Naples Federico II).
Moreover, in the frame of the collaboration with Prof. D. Bani (University of
Florence) and Prof. A. Hossein (Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health,
University of Melbourne, Australia), H1-relaxin analogues were biologically
tested, to verify binding to cells expressing the receptor RXFP1 and activity
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through cAMP signaling pathway in HEK-293T cells stably expressing the
RXFP1 receptor.
Moreover, since the major challenge in the development of peptide drugs is to
improve their oral bioavailability, we investigated the relative bio-potency of the
intact serelaxin molecule (the recombinant form of human H2-relaxin) and the
purified porcine one, in comparison with their proteolytic fragments, obtained
after treatment with Simulated Intestinal Digestion Fluid (SIF). Signalling events
downstream receptor activation in THP-1 human monocytic cells was measured.
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Coimbra, Inês Alves. "Support in microalgae pilot scale production plant." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/32902.
Full textAbstract:
The present work describes the activities developed at A4f (Algae for Future) during the Master’s in Biological and Chemical Engineering curricular internship, as well as a brief proposal of the sterilization methodologies that can be used to avoid contaminations. The A4f company is dedicated to research and production of microalgae and develops the innovation research in a pilot scale production unit, where the internship took place. Microalgae production is achieved in photobioreactors that provide optimal growth conditions for these organisms. There are some systems that are indirectly linked to production, which are essential to this operation, such as thermoregulation, carbonation, aeration and effluent treatment systems. The production of microalgae has four main stages: inoculation, production, harvesting and processing where microalgae biomass is obtained (final product in the form of paste or powder). This biomass can be used for food, pharmaceutical and biofuel applications and is considered a product with numerous high value compounds. The internship lasted five months and aimed to learn and apply different methods in all procedures associated with the production of microalgae at the pilot scale. This project also allowed to research and propose alternative sterilization techniques for future implementation in the microalgae production unit. These proposals aim to achieve the microbiological safety levels required by food and pharmaceutical industry. The sterilization techniques suggested were: the use of an ozone system; the implementation of a continuous sterilizer for sterilization of culture medium, the use of absolute filters and the design of non-absolute filters for air sterilization.
All internship was a rewarding and interesting experience as it allowed the contact with innovation and product development in business environment as well as the daily work in a biological engineering industry.
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Yumba, Nomsa. "A review of legislative and safety requirements for running the titanium-production pilot plant at Anglo Research." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/6932.
Full textAbstract:
Anglo Research is due to commission a novel pilot plant for the manufacturing of titanium
metal from ilmenite ore. The process requires the use of hydrofluoric acid, a very toxic
chemical, in large volumes. A health and environmental study and legislative requirements of
the process were thus required before commencing with the plant design.
Metallurgical processes have resulted in some degree of environmental impact, from water,
air and soil pollution. A prominent example is acid mine drainage, which pollutes ground
water. It is therefore important to ensure that proper steps are taken in minimising or
mitigating negative environmental effects when developing new process routes.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is classified as extremely toxic. This acid is very aggressive
physiologically because of the fluoride ion which penetrates the skin and robs the bone tissue
of calcium. Because of the hazardous nature of HF, the following legislations were reviewed:
o Hazardous Substances Act 15 of 1973
o Occupational Health & Safety Act of 1993
o National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996: Chapter VIII
o National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998
o Environmental Conservation Act 73 of 1989
HF has been used in many other industrial applications including manufacturing of
fluorocarbons and other chemicals, aluminium manufacturing, petroleum alkylation and
uranium purification.
Steps should be taken to minimise exposure to hydrofluoric acid in areas where there is a
likelihood of worker exposure. Control measures include, but are not limited to,
elimination/substitution and process modification, isolation, engineering controls,
administrative controls, and use of personal protective equipment and hazard
communication. HF is corrosive to most metals and materials of construction suitable for HF
include fluoropolymers and other metal alloys such as nickel based alloy 400.
Every design aspect of the plant must be done in a way that minimises the environmental
and worker exposure to HF. Once safety of the plant design has been extensively reviewed,
the pilot plant can then be built. The success of this campaign will be based not only on the
achievement of process and product specification, but also on whether it was run without any
incidents.
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Kutama, Makonde. "The construction and evaluation of a novel tubular photobioreactor at a small pilot plant scale." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/266.
Full textAbstract:
M. Tech (Biosciences, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology.The mass production of algae for commercial purposes has predominately been carried out in open ponds systems. However, open ponds systems have a number of disadvantages such as poor light utilization, requirement for large areas of land and high risks of contamination. On the other hand, photobioreactors have attracted much interest because they allow a better control of the cultivation conditions than open systems. With photobioreactors, higher biomass productivities are obtained and contamination can be easily prevented. Photobioreactors can also be engineered to manipulate the light and dark photosynthetic reactions thus enhancing biomass productivity. The main objective of this study was to construct a novel tubular photobioreactor which had the ability to expose the cultured alga to light and dark phases with the aim of optimizing the algal biomass production. A novel tubular photobioreactor with the ability to manipulate the cultured alga’s light and dark photosynthetic reactions was constructed in this study. The alga Spirulina platensis was chosen as the test organism in this novel tubular photobioreactor due to a number of reasons such as its globally socioeconomic importance, its tolerance of higher pH and temperature values which makes it almost impossible to contaminate. The cultivation process of Spirulina in the photobioreactor was investigated through alternating light and dark cycles in an attempt to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of the culture. The effect of different light intensities on the growth of Spirulina in the novel tubular photobioreactor was investigated and it was found that the best light condition that favored higher biomass formation was at 600 μ mol m-2 s-1. Five different light/ dark ratios were evaluated at a light intensity of 600 μ mol m-2 s-1 during a batch mode of operation of the novel tubular photobioreactor. The light/ dark ratio of 1:0.25 was found to be the best ratio because it gave the highest biomass in the shortest period of time when compared to the other ratios used. These results seem to suggest that longer light cycle relative to dark cycle results in higher biomass production. The ratio of 1:0.25 was then used to operate the novel tubular photobioreactor in a continuous mode. A maximum biomass productivity of 25 g/m2/day was achieved which corresponded to a net photosynthetic efficiency of 5.7 %. This result was found to be higher than what most photobioreactors could achieve but it was 2.8 g/m2/day lower than the highest ever reported productivity in a photobioreactor when Spirulina is cultivated. The 2.8 g/m2/day lower was attributed to the different materials used in the construction of these two photobioreactors. The photobioreactor which achieved 27.8 g/m2/day was made up of a clear glass whereas the novel tubular photobioreactor was made up of a PVC tubing. PVC tubes tend to change from clear to a milky colour after a certain period when it is used at higher temperature and pH values hence blocks a certain amount of light. Therefore the main recommendation in this study is to use a PVC tubing with a longer life span when used at a higher temperature and pH values.
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Koumoutsi, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "Functional genome analysis of the plant-growth promoting bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42; characterizing its production and regulation of nonribosomal peptide synthetases / Alexandra Koumoutsi." 2006. http://d-nb.info/983473870/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Peptide production pilot plant"
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Silva, Matthew. Implications of the presence of petroleum resources on the integrity of the WIPP. Albuquerque, N.M: Environmental Evaluation Group, 1994.
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Central Intelligence Agency. Proposed Pilot Plant for Production of Octyl-Alcohal Utilizing Oxosynthesis Process/East German Oxosyntheses Progess at Ig Farban Works. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Peptide production pilot plant"
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Vereijken, P., and H. Kloen. "Innovative Research with Ecological Pilot Farmers." In Plant Production on the Threshold of a New Century, 37–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1158-4_4.
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Igboanugo, A. C., and S. Amiebenomo. "Design of Process Layout for a Pilot Alkyd Resin Production Plant." In Advanced Materials Research, 435–41. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-450-2.435.
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Shoda, Makoto. "Genetic Analysis of B. subtilis Related with Production of Three Peptide Substances." In Biocontrol of Plant Diseases by Bacillus subtilis, 137–80. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, 2019. |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027635-6.
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Moulton, T. P., L. J. Borowitzka, and D. J. Vincent. "The mass culture of Dunaliella salina for β-carotene: from pilot plant to production plant." In Twelfth International Seaweed Symposium, 99–105. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4057-4_14.
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Tancredi, Giovanni, Eleonora Bottani, and Giuseppe Vignali. "Digital Twin Application for the Temperature and Steam Flow Monitoring of a Food Pasteurization Pilot Plant." In Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems, 612–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85902-2_65.
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Roggero, P., M. Sohn, Anna Maria Vaira, Cornelia Heinze, Vera Masenga, and G. Adam. "Production of antibodies against a synthetic peptide based on a sequence common to all tospovirus non-structural NsS protein." In Developments in Plant Pathology, 149–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0043-1_31.
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Wood-Black, Frankie. "Considerations for Scale-Up – Moving from the Bench to the Pilot Plant to Full Production." In ACS Symposium Series, 37–45. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2014-1163.ch003.
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Kadier, Abudukeremu, Rustiana Yuliasni, S. M. Sapuan, R. A. Ilyas, Pankaj Kumar Rai, Peng Cheng Ma, Aruliah Rajasekar, Khulood Fahad Saud Alabbosh, Aidil Abdul Hamid, and Hassimi Abu Hasan. "The Role of Microbial Electrolysis Cell in Bioenergy Production: Current Applications and Pilot Plant Experiences." In Bioelectrochemical Systems, 323–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6868-8_15.
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Fisher, Lawrence E., Charles Dvorak, Keena Green, Samantha Janisse, Anthony Prince, Keshab Sarma, Paul McGrane, et al. "Synthesis of RO 113-0830, a Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor: From Research Scheme to Pilot-Plant Production." In ACS Symposium Series, 89–100. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0817.ch006.
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Lucchesi, Aldo, Giuseppe Maschio, Cosimo Rizzo, and Giusto Stoppato. "A Pilot Plant for the Study of the Production of Hydrogen-Rich Syngas by Gasification of Biomass." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 642–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_49.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Peptide production pilot plant"
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Duwig, Christophe, Jan Fredriksson, and Torsten Fransson. "Production of Simulated Gasified Biomass for Pilot Plant Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0368.
Full textAbstract:
The design of modern Low Heating Value (LHV) fuel combustion devices, such as gas turbine combustors, relies heavily on numerical simulations. In addition, numerical predictions are always validated by experimental tests. In this work, an experimental facility was built. The fuel input power of the combustor was 300 kW. Such facility requires a gas flow of typically 0.06 kg/s, so a syngas production at a reasonable cost was required to undertake tests under real working conditions. Within this work, an inexpensive and flexible syngas generator has been designed, produced and tested. The main idea was to use cheap available gas fuels and to crack it in order to obtain the syngas. Such conversion is heavily used in oil refineries and called “Steam Reforming”. Propane is used as a fuel and is cracked on a commercial steam reforming catalyst. To ensure the wanted ratio of C/H and C/O in the final product, CO2, H2O and air were added to the fuel gas. Catalytic cracking is needed as propane cracking kinetics are low at wanted operation temperatures, namely 900 to 1100 K. Care is taken to avoid carbon formation in the gasification device which may cause decomposition of the stainless steel reactor vessel. The gasification device was used to feed a 300kW combustor at 2.8 bar pressure. The device was successfully integrated into a test rig and used for a burner study. The obtained composition was quite close to a typical gasified biomass composition. A wide range of different compositions has also been explored. Hydrocarbon concentration range was investigated from 3 vol% up to 16 vol% (Methane equivalent). The CO2 concentration varied between 13 vol% and 20 vol%. The syngas temperature was kept at an interval between 900 and 1100 K. The device provided 0.06 kg/s of a 3 to 5 MJ/kg heating value fuel. The operating costs of the gasification device were found about one tenth of the bottled gas price.
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Adeyeri, Michael K., Khumbulani Mpofu, Sesan P. Ayodeji, and Adeola O. Borode. "Animated Simulation of Pilot Soya Beans Oil Production Process Plant." In Environment and Water Resource Management. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2014.813-026.
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Bautista, Zosimo Ismael Bautista, Jose Angel Mejia Dominguez, and Oscar Arturo Gonzalez Vargas. "Control and Automation of an Oxyethylene production tests Pilot Plant." In 2021 16th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti52073.2021.9476442.
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Chinedu, Louis Onwulri. "Multi-Purpose Dryer Pilot Plant." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79559.
Full textAbstract:
In engineering design and construction, a mathematical model with which the process parameters can be studied is of extreme utility. A reliable model will often present or minimize costly mistakes in prototype development and be utilized for the process air variable (Air flow rate, drying air temperature, drying air humidity), product variables (product throughput and size distribution), dimensional variables (width, length, height of drying, number of passes, dryer configuration can be controlled. While ambient air conditions, aerodynamic properties of the drying material, exposed surface area of the product, drying rate characteristics and equilibrium moisture contents are specific and cannot be controlled. This report incorporates the design work of, and for the construction of a multi-purpose dryer. Economic consideration lent a batch operating try dryer to the choice type. A choice feed of cassava chips (70% moisture content) to produce dried chips (1% moisture content for onward production of cassava flour is used. The drying is done adiabatically, employing heated air blown over the trays at a controlled dry bulb temperature of 110°C and wet–bulb temperature of 45 °C putting together available drying equations and simplification, a pilot plant producing 3.564kg of dried chips per batch time of 1.2936 hours (excluding loading and unloading time) is being designed under achievable operability. On and economic analysis, a pay–back time of 2.53 years is conceived. This report will be subdivided into choice of process route, process design, process economic and recommendation. It will incorporate also by useful tables, appendices and the design flow diagrams.
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Failaka, Muhamad Fariz, Nadia Zahrotul Firdausi, Chairunnisa, and Ali Altway. "Research and development in pilot plant production of granular NPK fertilizer." In INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016 (ISFAChE 2016): Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982294.
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Ziari Kerboua, Yasmina, Lofti Ziani, Bouziane Mahmah, and Ahmed Benzaoui. "Dimensioning and Simulation of a Pilot Plant for Solar Hydrogen Production." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24507.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrogen is regarded as the potential bearer of energy of the future. Solar hydrogen is the hydrogen produced using renewable energy, particularly solar energy [15,8]. The availability of water and hours of sunshine make Algeria a place of choice for solar hydrogen production. In this work, solar hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is considered. The required energy for water dissociation is supplied by a photovoltaic system. A design and operation study of a photovoltaic system has been done for three different regions in Algeria. The production potential is highly significant particularly in the south parts of this country.
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WU, LI-GANG, JI-HUA FAN, QING-QI ZHANG, HUI-HUI ZHU, ZHENG-KAI XU, ZHI-AI ZHOU, and YONG XIE. "PRODUCTION OF VACCINE IN PLANT EXPRESSION OF FMDV PEPTIDE VACCINE IN TOBACCO USING A PLANT VIRUS BASED VECTOR." In International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 25th Session. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812797001_0063.
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Miller, Jeffrey A., Alonzo Wm Lawrence, Robert F. Hickey, and Thomas D. Hayes. "Pilot Plant Treatment of Natural Gas Produced Waters to Meet Beneficial Use Discharge Requirements." In SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/37903-ms.
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Moulford, W. E. F. L., A. R. Martin, P. W. Cains, P. D. Martin, and G. Tan. "A Preliminary Design of a Pilot Plant for the Production of Lunar Oxygen." In Fifth International Conference on Space. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40177(207)103.
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Wieckert, C., E. Guillot, M. Epstein, G. Olalde, S. Sante´n, U. Frommherz, S. Kra¨upl, T. Osinga, and A. Steinfeld. "A 300 kW Solar Chemical Pilot Plant for the Carbothermic Production of Zinc." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99027.
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In the framework of the EU-project SOLZINC, a 300 kW solar chemical pilot plant for the production of zinc by carbothermic reduction of ZnO was experimentally demonstrated in a beam-down solar tower concentrating facility of Cassegrain optical configuration. The solar chemical reactor, featuring two cavities, of which the upper one is functioning as the solar absorber and the lower one as the reaction chamber containing a ZnO/C packed bed, was batch-operated in the 1300–1500 K range and yielded 50 kg/h of 95%-purity Zn. The measured energy conversion efficiency — ratio of the reaction enthalpy change to the solar power input — was 30%. Zinc finds application as a fuel for Zn-air batteries and fuel cells, and can also react with water to form high-purity hydrogen. In either case, the chemical product is ZnO, which in turn is solar-recycled to Zn. The SOLZINC process provides an efficient thermochemical route for the storage and transportation of solar energy in the form of solar fuels.
Reports on the topic "Peptide production pilot plant"
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Carrell, E. 10 MWe Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant: 1984 summer solstice power production test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5885607.
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Radosevich, L. G. An analysis of power production performance for solar one, the 10 MWe Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6523571.
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Radosevich, L. Final report on the power production phase of the 10 MW/sub e/ Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7120228.
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Alig, Robert, David Burton, Elliot Kennel, and Max Lake. Development of pilot plant for the production of vapor grown carbon fiber from Ohio coal. Final report, July 1997 to July 2000. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1185202.
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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha, and Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.
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The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Shoseyov, Oded, Steven A. Weinbaum, Raphael Goren, and Abhaya M. Dandekar. Biological Thinning of Fruit Set by RNAase in Deciduous Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568110.bard.
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Fruit thinning is a common and necessary practice for commercial fruit production in many deciduous tree fruit species. Fruit thinning in apple may be accomplished with a variety of chemical thinning agents, but the use of these chemicals is a subject of environmental concern. It has been shown recently that RNase enzyme, secreted from the stigma and the style, inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. In this study we have been able to show that Aspergillus niger B-1 RNase can effectively inhibit peach and apple pollen germination, and tube elongation in-vitro, as well as thin fruit in peach and apple, and reduce the number of seeds in citrus. The objectives of the research were to detrmine the conditions for effective thinning of (USA and Israel), develop fermentation process for cost effective production of RNase from A. niger. (Israel), and clone apple S-RNase cDNA (USA). All the objectives of the research were addressed. We have determined the optimal fermentation conditions for cost effective production of the A. niger at a 20,000 liters scale. TheA. niger B1 RNase was isolated to homogeneity and its kinetic and biochemical properties including its N-terminal sequence were fully characterized. The field test results both in Israel and California have shown variability in effectiveness and more work is needed to define the RNase concentration necessary to completely inhibit pollen development. Plant transformation vectors expressing anti-sense apple S-RNase genes were constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce self compatible transgenic apple trees. Bovine S-Protein cDNA was cloned and successfully expressed in E. coli (Israel). Plant transformation vector expressing the S-Protein gene was constructed (USA) with an attempt to produce transgenic plants expressing S-protein in the style. Exogenous application of S-peptide to these plants will result in active RNase and consequently prevention of fertilization.
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Reisch, Bruce, Avichai Perl, Julie Kikkert, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Rachel Gollop. Use of Anti-Fungal Gene Synergisms for Improved Foliar and Fruit Disease Tolerance in Transgenic Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575292.bard.
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Original objectives . 1. Test anti-fungal gene products for activity against Uncinula necator, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. 2. For Agrobacterium transformation, design appropriate vectors with gene combinations. 3. Use biolistic bombardment and Agrobacterium for transformation of important cultivars. 4. Characterize gene expression in transformants, as well as level of powdery mildew and Botrytis resistance in foliage of transformed plants. Background The production of new grape cultivars by conventional breeding is a complex and time-consuming process. Transferring individual traits via single genes into elite cultivars was proposed as a viable strategy, especially for vegetatively propagated crops such as grapevines. The availability of effective genetic transformation procedures, the existence of genes able to reduce pathogen stress, and improved in vitro culture methods for grapes, were combined to serve the objective of this proposal. Effective deployment of resistance genes would reduce production costs and increase crop quality, and several such genes and combinations were used in this project. Progress The efficacy of two-way combinations of Trichoderma endochitinase (CHIT42), synthetic peptide ESF12 and resveratrol upon the control of growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum were evaluated in vitro. All pairwise interactions were additive but not synergistic. Per objective 2, suitable vectors with important gene combinations for Agrobacterium transformation were designed. In addition, multiple gene co-transformation by particle bombardment was also tested successfully. In New York, transformation work focused on cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, while the technology in Israel was extended to 41B, R. 110, Prime, Italia, Gamay, Chardonnay and Velika. Transgenic plant production is summarized in the appendix. Among plants developed in Israel, endochitinase expression was assayed via the MuchT assay using material just 1-5 days after co-cultivation. Plants of cv. Sugraone carrying the gene coding for ESF12, a short anti-fungal lytic peptide under the control of the double 358 promoter, were produced. Leaf extracts of two plants showed inhibition zones that developed within 48 h indicating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extracts on the six species of bacteria. X fastidiosa, the causal organism of Pierce's disease, was very sensitive to leaf extracts from ESF12 transformed plants. Further work is needed to verify the agricultural utility of ESF12 transformants. In New York, some transformants were resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis fruit rot. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements and implications The following scientific achievements resulted from this cooperative BARD project: 1. Development and improvement of embryogenesis and tissue culture manipulation in grape, while extending these procedures to several agriculturally important cultivars both in Israel and USA. 2. Development and improvement of novel transformation procedures while developing transformation techniques for grape and other recalcitrant species. 3. Production of transgenic grapevines, characterization of transformed vines while studying the expression patterns of a marker gene under the control of different promoter as the 35S CaMV in different part of the plants including flowers and fruits. 4. Expression of anti-fungal genes in grape: establishment of transgenic plants and evaluation of gene expression. Development of techniques to insert multiple genes. 5. Isolation of novel grape specific promoter to control the expression of future antimicrobial genes. It is of great importance to report that significant progress was made in not only the development of transgenic grapevines, but also in the evaluation of their potential for increased resistance to disease as compared with the non engineered cultivar. In several cases, increased disease resistance was observed. More research and development is still needed before a product can be commercialized, yet our project lays a framework for further investigations.
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Horwitz, Benjamin A., and Barbara Gillian Turgeon. Fungal Iron Acquisition, Oxidative Stress and Virulence in the Cochliobolus-maize Interaction. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7709885.bard.
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Our project focused on genes for high affinity iron acquisition in Cochliobolus heterostrophus, a necrotrophic pathogen of maize, and their intertwined relationship to oxidative stress status and virulence of the fungus on the host. An intriguing question was why mutants lacking the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene (NPS6) responsible for synthesis of the extracellular siderophore, coprogen, are sensitive to oxidative stress. Our overall objective was to understand the mechanistic connection between iron stress and oxidative stress as related to virulence of a plant pathogen to its host. The first objective was to examine the interface where small molecule peptide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms overlap. The second objective was to determine if the molecular explanation for common function is common signal transduction pathways. These pathways, built around sensor kinases, response regulators, and transcription factors may link sequestering of iron, production of antioxidants, resistance to oxidative stress, and virulence. We tested these hypotheses by genetic manipulation of the pathogen, virulence assays on the host plant, and by following the expression of key fungal genes. An addition to the original program, made in the first year, was to develop, for fungi, a genetically encoded indicator of redox state based on the commercially available Gfp-based probe pHyper, designed for animal cell biology. We implemented several tools including a genetically encoded indicator of redox state, a procedure to grow iron-depleted plants, and constructed a number of new mutants in regulatory genes. Lack of the major Fe acquisition pathways results in an almost completely avirulent phenotype, showing how critical Fe acquisition is for the pathogen to cause disease. Mutants in conserved signaling pathways have normal ability to regulate NPS6 in response to Fe levels, as do mutants in Lae1 and Vel1, two master regulators of gene expression. Vel1 mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, and the reason may be underexpression of a catalase gene. In nps6 mutants, CAT3 is also underexpressed, perhaps explaining the sensitivity to oxidative stress. We constructed a deletion mutant for the Fe sensor-regulator SreA and found that it is required for down regulation of NPS6 under Fe-replete conditions. Lack of SreA, though, did not make the fungus over-sensitive to ROS, though the mutant had a slow growth rate. This suggests that overproduction of siderophore under Fe-replete conditions is not very damaging. On the other hand, increasing Fe levels protected nps6 mutants from inhibition by ROS, implying that Fe-catalyzed Fenton reactions are not the main factor in its sensitivity to ROS. We have made some progress in understanding why siderophore mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, and in doing so, defined some novel regulatory relationships. Catalase genes, which are not directly related to siderophore biosynthesis, are underexpressed in nps6 mutants, suggesting that the siderophore product (with or without bound Fe) may act as a signal. Siderophores, therefore, could be a target for intervention in the field, either by supplying an incorrect signal or blocking a signal normally provided during infection. We already know that nps6 mutants cause smaller lesions and have difficulty establishing invasive growth in the host. Lae1 and Vel1 are the first factors shown to regulate both super virulence conferred by T-toxin, and basic pathogenicity, due to unknown factors. The mutants are also altered in oxidative stress responses, key to success in the infection court, asexual and sexual development, essential for fungal dissemination in the field, aerial hyphal growth, and pigment biosynthesis, essential for survival in the field. Mutants in genes encoding NADPH oxidase (Nox) are compromised in development and virulence. Indeed the triple mutant, which should lack all Nox activity, was nearly avirulent. Again, gene expression experiments provided us with initial evidence that superoxide produced by the fungus may be most important as a signal. Blocking oxidant production by the pathogen may be a way to protect the plant host, in interactions with necrotrophs such as C. heterostrophus which seem to thrive in an oxidant environment.
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Loebenstein, Gad, William Dawson, and Abed Gera. Association of the IVR Gene with Virus Localization and Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604922.bard.
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We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi. During the present grant we found that TMV production is enhanced in protoplasts and plants of local lesion responding tobacco cultivars exposed to 35oC, parallel to an almost complete suppression of the production of IVR. We also found that IVR is associated with resistance mechanisms in pepper cultivars. We succeeded to clone the IVR gene. In the first attempt we isolated a clone - "101" which had a specific insert of 372 bp (the full length gene for the IVR protein of 23 kD should be around 700 bp). However, attempts to isolate the full length gene did not give clear cut results, and we decided not to continue with this clone. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of IVR was determined and an antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide representing amino acids residues 1-20 of IVR. Using this antiserum as well as our polyclonal antiserum to IVR a new clone NC-330 was isolated using lamba-ZAP library. This NC-330 clone has an insert of about 1 kB with an open reading frame of 596 bp. This clone had 86.6% homology with the first 15 amino acids of the N-terminal part of IVR and 61.6% homology with the first 23 amino acids of IVR. In the QIA expression system and western blotting of the expressed protein, a clear band of about 21 kD was obtained with IVR antiserum. This clone was used for transformation of Samsun tobacco plants and we have presently plantlets which were rooted on medium containing kanamycin. Hybridization with this clone was also obtained with RNA from induced resistant tissue of Samsun NN but not with RNA from healthy control tissue of Samsun NN, or infected or healthy tissue of Samsun. This further strengthens the previous data that the NC 330 clone codes for IVR. In the U.S. it was shown that IVR is induced in plants containing the N' gene when infected with mutants of TMV that elicit the HR. This is a defined system in which the elicitor is known to be due to permutations of the coat protein which can vary in elicitor strength. The objective was to understand how IVR synthesis is induced after recognition of elicitor coat protein in the signal transduction pathway that leads to HR. We developed systems to manipulate induction of IVR by modifying the elicitor and are using these elicitor molecules to isolate the corresponding plant receptor molecules. A "far-western" procedure was developed that found a protein from N' plants that specifically bind to elicitor coat proteins. This protein is being purified and sequenced. This objective has not been completed and is still in progress. We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi.